| 释义 |
marshaln. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French marescal. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman marescal, mareschal, marschal, Old French marescal, mareschal farrier (1086 as a surname in the Domesday Book), commander of an army (1213) < post-classical Latin mariscalcus groom (6th cent.), commander of an army (9th cent.), court dignitary responsible for requisitions and housing (1047; attested from 12th cent. in British sources in all three senses) < a Germanic compound represented by Middle Dutch marscalc , maerschalc (Dutch maarschalk ), Old Saxon maraskalk (compare Middle Low German marschalk ; > Old Swedish marskalk (Swedish marskalk ), Danish marskal ), Old High German marahscalc , marscalc (Middle High German marschalc ; German Marschall is influenced in form by French) < the Germanic base of mare n.1 + the Germanic base of shalk n. Attested in Old English only as a very late borrowing; the usual Old English word was the compound horsþegn, with a similar range of senses.Originally simply ‘a person in charge of the upkeep of horses’ (compare branch I.), the word developed gradually into a title of various high offices in the royal household (compare branch II.) and in the army (compare branch III.). This development reflected the importance of the horse in the medieval state, especially the importance of cavalry in medieval warfare (compare the parallel semantic development of constable n.), and had already taken place before the word was borrowed into English. French maréchal has been used exclusively as a title since the early 19th cent. (but compare maréchal-ferrant farrier, blacksmith, maréchalerie farriery, smithy); in the Germanic languages the sense ‘farrier’ has long been obsolete, and the word is now exclusively used to denote officials or officers of various kinds. Italian has tended to use variants in man- (after derivatives of classical Latin manus hand) to mean ‘farrier’: Italian manescalco (13th cent.), maniscalco (14th cent.) vet, beside marescalco commander of the army (13th cent.; compare Spanish mariscal , (c1400), Portuguese mariscal (15th cent.) commander; Italian maresciallo (c1427) and Portuguese marechal are from French); compare also Old Occitan manescal commander (1210), vet (14th cent.), marescal vet (1218). With Marshal of England (see sense 2a), compare post-classical Latin marescallus Anglie (from 1260 in British sources). With Marshal of Scotland (see sense 2b), compare post-classical Latin marascallus Scotie , marscallus Scotie (1314, 1461 respectively in Scottish sources; also simply marescallus , 12th cent. in a Scottish source). With Marshal of France (see sense 9b), compare post-classical Latin marescallus Franciae (1382), Old French marichauz de France (1263, probably with reference to the Ile de France), French mareschal de France (1617). With marshal of the camp (see sense 9a), compare Middle French, French maréchal du camp (1549), French maréchal de camp (1617). With marshal of the hall (see sense 4), compare post-classical Latin marescallus aule (c1250, c1330, 1453 in British sources). Attested as an occupational surname in England in the sense ‘farrier’ (compare sense 1) from 1086 onwards (chiefly in Latin sources), but it is unclear whether such examples are English or French. In quot. lOE at sense 1 the word is used descriptively, rather than as a surname (in the manuscript it has been added, like the other descriptive words, above the line). With the α. forms compare Anglo-Norman marescal , marescalle , mareschal , marreschal , and post-classical Latin mariscalcus (c1081), mareschalchus , marescalcus , marescal' (1086; the latter with mark of suspension), marescaldus (c1131), marescalus (1151), marascallus (c1192), mariscaldus (1199), marescallus (12th cent.), mareschalcus (c1210), mareschallus (a1212), mariscallus (1219), maresscallus (1247) all in British sources; with the β. forms compare Anglo-Norman marchal , marchall , marschal , marschall , and post-classical Latin marscallus (c1136 onwards in British sources). The overlap between the forms of this word and those of martial adj. and n. (compare the γ. forms) has been encouraged both by the military application of this word in English and by the homophony of the two since at least the middle of the 17th cent.: see the note s.v. martial adj. and n. The forms marshal and marshall are both given in current editions of Webster; Webster's Dict. Eng. Usage (1989), however, recommends s.v. use of the spelling marshal for both noun and verb. †I. As an occupational term. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > one who lOE Manumission, Exeter (Exeter 3501) in J. Earle (1888) 257 Ðar to is iwitnis Reinald preost, ..& Willelm merescald, & Ricard a cuic, & Wulfricc wig, [etc.]. 1350–1 Freeman's Rolls in (1964) XVIII. 203 (MED) Willelmus de Charryng, mareschal. 1428 in J. Raine (1890) 1 Burn, smyth in Bouthum, and John Holgate, marsshall. 1474 W. Caxton tr. (1883) iii. ii. 85 All maner of werkemen, as goldsmithes, marchallis, smithes of all forges. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in (1998) I. 216 A horse marschall thou call the at the mute And with that craft convoy the throu the land. 1588 in J. Raine (1853) 256 (note) I have made an estatt unto Robert Selbye,..of my tenement..now in the tenure of Mr. Wedrington, mershall, and of the housses, stables, and grownde ower agaynst yt. 1618 Sir W. Hope (title) The Parfait Mareschal, or, Compleat Farrier. 1639 T. de Gray ii. ii. 45 Skilfull Ferrier or Marshall he shall never be. c1720 W. Gibson ii. xxii. 84 Such Remedies as the Practice of the best Marishals has warranted. II. A person holding an official post. 2. A chief official of a royal household or court; a high officer of state. Such offices have varied considerably in function depending on historical circumstance, being in some places and periods important military or administrative appointments, and in others effectively titular.society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > marshal or earl marshal 1258 Proclam. Henry III (Bodl.) in (1883) *174 Rog' Bigod, eorl on Northfolk' and Mareschal on Engleneloand. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 10081 (MED) Þe king..Þut lond..tok to loke william þe mareschal, Þat was erl of penbroc. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1952) 434 Tholomen, mi marchal, Þou schalt haue Portingal And Egypt to Flumiordan. c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) 4002 (MED) Tholomeus þe mareschal vp stood, Wiȝth in bataile, in conseil good. c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner (1876) 139 Before the queue..the Erle of Worceter Marchalle of Inglonde. 1548 f. xiij The erle of Westmerland his high Marshal. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1895) II. 142 The Duke of Norfolkis sone, cheif Tresurer and Merchall in Jngland. 1598 W. Shakespeare iv. iv. 2 Beare this sealed briefe With winged haste to the Lord Marshall . View more context for this quotation 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas ii. i. 322 Mars-like Essex, Englands Marshall-Earle. 1617 F. Moryson ii. i. i. 27 His Lordship had power..(he being Lord Martiall of England)..to punish the transgressors. 1756 T. Francklin Ded. p. xi To the Lord Marshal Duke of Richelieu, Peer of France. 1819 W. Scott III. iv. 107 But High Marshal of England! that is indeed a prize worth playing for. 1839 XIV. 447/2 One of the principal officers of state is the king's marshal, which office is now held hereditarily by the duke of Norfolk. 1910 I. 20/2 Thomas Holland..nephew of Richard II and marshal of England. society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > marshal of King's house c1478 (Glasg.) (1877) I. 328 Comes Eril Marschail [v.r. Marschael, Marchiale] nominatus. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 302 That in perpetuall ane of that surname [sc. Keith] sal be Mareschall in the kingis hous. a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) xi. xix. f. 447v, in at Marschal(l Narracions following sall declare how fra the samyn stok [sc. Keith] sprang the grete mareschellis of Scotland. 1660 Preserv. Honours Scotl. in (1896) 133 His majestie hath therfore..mad..the said John Keith Knight Marischal of the kingdom of Scotland. 1675 in M. Wood (1950) X. 245 In publict papers granted be the king sometyme the marishall is placed before the constable. 1682 in M. P. Brown (1826) II. 18 The lords found the title of nobility and office of marshall was annexed to the blood. 1715 Earl of Mar Proclamation in C. Innes (1859) 411 Some of his faithful subjects and servants met here, viz. the Lord Huntley, the Lord Tullybardine, the Earl Marischal [etc.]. 1872 C. Innes 142 Admittance [sc. to Parliament]..without vote or voice, is allowed to..the Marischal, to the Lyon's ushers. society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > marshal of King's house 1617 F. Moryson ii. 12 Sir Henrie Bagnoll, Marshall of Ireland, had formerly exhibited to the State diuers articles of treason practised by the Earle of Tyrone, who now would not come to the State without a protection. 1886 V. 53/1 In September 1598 Bingham left England with five thousand men to assume the office of marshal of Ireland, vacated by the death in battle at Blackwater of Sir Henry Bagnall. 1894 XXXVII. 5/2 Massey..died a full general, colonel of the 27th Inniskilling foot, marshal of the army in Ireland..on 7 May 1804. 3. society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > officer who has charge of prisoners c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 802 in C. Horstmann (1887) 129 Oþur is [the king's] Marschales scholden swiþe anon is bodi to prisone take... Þe Marchales [c1300 Harl. marschals] i-redie weren to prisone him lede a-non. 1437 IV. 509/2 Thomas Stamford..was committed to the Marchall, in prison to abide. 1485 VI. 291/2 The same William, was late Marshall of the Marshallsie of the Kings Bench. 1530 Gen. Table sig. Lvi And therfore I call him cheffe marshall an officer as is the lefetenaunte of the toure, or master of the marshalsye. 1648 W. Prynne 56 The..Lords..awarded him to the custody of the Marshall. 1674 W. Lloyd 9 He that..goes at large on his Parole.., is..no less a Prisoner, than when under Guard, and in the Marshals custody. 1690 No. 2541/2 William Lenthall Esq; now Marshal of the King's Bench. 1768 W. Blackstone III. 285 When once the defendant is taken into custody of the marshall, or prison-keeper of this court [of king's bench]. 1831–2 in T. Chitty (1838) II. 915 All prisoners who have been..in the custody of the marshal or warden for the space of one calendar month after they are supersedeable, although not superseded, shall be forthwith discharged. 1856 C. Dickens (1857) i. xxxii. 281 The Marshal of the Marshalsea..had got him hard and fast. 1933 8 9 The Marshall is ordered February 4, 1454, to keep Malory securely in the prison of the Marshalsea. 1991 H. Barty-King (BNC) The warden of the Fleet and the marshal of the King's Bench Prison..should be compensated. society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > marshal of King's house 1433 IV. 447/1 The Steward and Marshall of the Kynges houshold. 1543 tr. c. 23 The mareschal of the mareschalsye of the court of our soueraygne lord the kinges house. a1601 W. Lambarde (1635) 45 That the Marshall of the Kings House, have the place of the King to heare, and determine Pleas of the Crowne within the Verge. 1641 (new ed.) f. 200v The Marshall of the K. house. 1706 (new ed.) Marshal of the Queen's House, whose Office is to hear and determine Pleas of the Crown within the Queen's Palace... Clerk Marshal of the Queen's House, an Officer that attends the Marshal [of the Queen's House] in his Court. 1959 Earl Jowitt & C. Walsh II. 1149/2 The office of Marshal of the King's Household no longer exists. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > naval officials > [noun] > officer of court of admiralty society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > other officers of specific courts society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > officers with police duties 1679–88 in J. Y. Akerman (1851) 29 Daniel Gyles, Marshall of the Vice Admiralty of Southampton and the Isle of Wight.] 1769 W. Falconer at Admiral Vice-Admiral is also a civil officer appointed by the lords-commissioners of the admiralty. There are several of these officers..in different parts of Great-Britain, with judges and marshals under them. 1770 102 From the marshal of the admiralty in Holderness. 1774 in (1896) App. X. 211 The humble Memorial of James Ferguson,..Marshal of the Court of Admiralty in West Florida. 1802 8 423 The Deputy Marshal of the Admiralty.., with his silver oar. 1875 I. 162 The marshal is now paid by a salary of £500, in addition to his travelling expenses. 1910 I. 205/1 The High Court of Admiralty of Ireland..having a judge, a registrar, a marshal and a king's or queen's advocate. 1975 4 July 4/8 The Admiralty Court yesterday granted..an order that the tall ship, Regina Maris, be appraised and sold by the Admiralty marshal to pay a debt. 1999 (Maritime Law Assoc. Austral. & N.Z.) 14 i. 26 A ship is arrested by the Marshal acting as an officer of the court... Once arrested, a ship cannot be moved from the place of arrest without the authority of the Marshal. society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > attendant on judge or magistrate 1830 C. Lyell Let. 28 June in (1881) I. 124 Judge Richardson introduced me to his marshal, Bosanquet, a barrister. 1861 M. Arnold 20 Mar. My brother-marshal, young Thesiger,..is a very good fellow. 1911 XVII. 770/1 The official known as a judge's marshal, whose office is of considerable antiquity, and whose duties consisted of making abstracts of indictments and pleadings for the use of the judge, still survives, but no longer exercises the above functions. He accompanies a judge of assize on circuit. 1959 Earl Jowitt & C. Walsh II. 1149/1 Marshall,..He is personal officer of the judge and performs the duties of secretary. the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > [noun] > veterinarian > farrier c1387–95 G. Chaucer 752 A semely man oure hoost was with alle For to been a marchal in an halle. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) viii. 2662 (MED) Youthe..Of Loves Court was Mareschal. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. 10961 Þer maistres, marschalles ferd aboute, delyuerd stedes within, withoute. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) vii. 1199 (MED) Abak stood idilnesse ferr from the laboreer, Discrecioun marchall at dyneer & sopeer, Content with mesour. a1450 (?a1300) (Caius) (1810) 1543 Hys mareschal swythe com hym too: ‘Sere, he sayde, hou schal we doo? Swylk fowayle as we bought yistyrday, For no catel gete I may’. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 185 The office of a connynge vschere or marshalle with-owt fable must know alle estates of the church goodly & greable. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) ii. 4 He callit his marschall till him tyt And bad him luk on all maner That he ma till his men gud cher. 1495 c. 33 §14 John Hanley Squyer, oon of the Marshallis of oure Hall. 1520 R. Whittington sig. B.ii After that ye marshall [1611 King James Bible John ii. 9, ruler of the feast] dyd tast of the water tourned in to wyne. a1578 R. Lindsay (1899) I. 259 Schir Dawid Lyndsay..and Johnne Inglische the mairchall quho war..spetiall serwandis to the Kingis grace. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. ii. 126 Reason becomes the Marshall to my will, And leads mee to your eyes. View more context for this quotation 1631 T. Fuller xxxvi. sig. B3v Others strive, Like sturdy Martialls, far away to drive The drowsy Droanes, that harbour in the hiue. 1636 D. Featley iii. 31 They..send their Harbingers before to take up lodgings, and Martials to make way. 1706 (new ed.) Marshal of the Ceremonies, an Officer whose Business it is in all things, to receive Commands from the Master of the Ceremonies..for the Queen's Service. 1761 J. Hall-Stevenson v. 22 Oft, like a blundering marshal at a feast, Joining a scoundrel to his grace. 1813 W. Scott ii. xiv. 74 A shrilly trumpet shook the ground, And marshals cleared the ring. 1836 in J. Quincy (1840) II. 647 Robert C. Winthrop acted as Chief Marshal of the Day, and the following gentlemen as Assistant Marshals. 1884 June 374/1 The marshal of the hall..bearing the grace-cup and spice-plate of his lord. 1991 W. H. C. Smith (BNC) Vaillant had been..Grand Marshal of the palace, and as such..responsible for the day-to-day running of the Household. 5. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > officer in charge of discipline or prisoners a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 57 in J. Ware (1633) That were a harder course Eudoxus, to redresse every abuse by a marshall. 1633 T. Stafford i. vii. 54 A Controversie did arise betweene Moroghe Mac Shihy, Marshall to James Fits Thomas, and the Marshall of Dermond. 1633 T. Stafford ii. xxi. 233 Himselfe accompanied with the President, and the Marshall advanced forwards towards the Scout. society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > officer supervising punishment society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > sailors with other specific duties on ship 1626 J. Smith 4 The Marshall is to punish offendors, and to see Iustice executed according to directions, as ducking at Yards arme. 1627 J. Smith xv. 73 In English ships they seldome vse any Marshall. society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > specific officials of City of London 1905 356 Officers of the City of London..Marshal, Capt. E. J. T. Kearns. 6. 1607 (MS) WP B/5/1/1 Paid by the University for the maintainance of the Workmaster and Marshall of the Beggars Anno Domini 1607. 1810 p. xvii University Officers, &c...Belman…Marshal. 1853 ‘C. Bede’ xi. 103 The proctor with his marshal and bull-dogs. 1935 L. H. D. Buxton & S. Gibson 46 The Marshal's duties are to attend and ring a hand-bell at funerals, to supervise the University police, and to assist the Proctors in their relations with undergraduates. 1995 19/1 They [sc. the Proctors] are assisted by the University Marshal, and the Bulldogs, who are only ever seen hanging around..after exams to stop everyone from spraying champagne all over each other. 1620 Tabor's Precedents in (Collect. Admin. 40.) 25 Samuel Marde..of the Universitie of Cambridge, And Richard Howton Maior of the Towne of Cambridge..appoynte William Walton..Officer & Martiall. 1800 6 Yeoman Bedell, John Lawton. Marshall, John Taylor. School-keeper, John Marshall. Printer, John Burges. 1996 (Univ. Cambr.) 14 The graduands are arranged behind in the order in which they are to be presented... The exact position will be indicated by the Marshal. society > authority > office > holder of office > ceremonial officials > [noun] > official who organizes ceremonies > of a body or society 1969 M. K. Gunn vi. 65 Marshals..are usually younger faculty members who wear their academic gowns, and aiguillettes for identification...They also organize the various sections of the academic procession. 1984 May 20/3 Although the duties vary greatly from campus to campus, the chief marshal is usually the chief protocol officer for an institution's ceremonial occasions. 7. society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > other specific officers of justice 1611 T. de la Warre Relations in (1907) 212 I made choise of Captaine George Pearcie..to remain Deputie Governour, untill the comming of the Marshall, Sir Thomas Dale. 1615 R. Hamor p. iv It hath thriued vnder the cammaund both of Sir Thomas Gates Knight, Gouernor, and Sir Thomas Dale Knight, and Marshall of the Collonie, these three yeeres and more. 1642 in (1880) I. 37 To the marshall or his deputy. By vertue hereof you are required to levy of the lands of John Samms to the Valew of fifty pounds and eighteene shillings. 1662 in J. C. Frost (1914) I. 14 Richard Brutnell shall bee marshall ffor ys year. 1684 J. Moodey in (1861) 4th Ser. V. 119 He ordered the Marshal to drop me at Captain Stileman's. 1888 XIII. 385/2 In 1609, he was sent out to Virginia as marshal of the colony, the government of which was then reorganised on a military footing under Lord De la Warr. 1995 (Nexis) 16 Apr. 1 In May 1611, Sir Thomas Dale was appointed High Marshal of the colony of Virginia. society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > specifically in U.S. 1789 I. 86 I also nominate, for District Judges, Attorneys, and Marshals, the persons whose names are below. 1793 T. Jefferson Let. 1 Sept. in (1997) XXVII. 6 Rescuing a vessel out of the hands of the marshal who had arrested her by process from a court of justice. 1800 J. Adams Let. 13 Aug. in (1854) IX. 76 I have agreed to the appointment of Major David Hopkins to be marshal of Maryland. 1856 F. L. Olmsted 513 By the returns of the South Carolina marshals, the cash value of land, in the State, appears to be $5.08 an acre. 1872 R. W. Raymond 107 The aggregate production [of bullion] was reported by the assistant marshal as follows. 1911 XVII. 770/1 There are United States marshals also in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico and the Philippines. 1946 19 Dec. 5/1 [He] surrendered to the U.S. marshal today on draft evasion charges. 1974 20 Feb. 1/5 They would be housed in a hotel in the custody of United States marshals, and would not be allowed to communicate with any non-jurors. 1984 12 Nov. 47/2 He was..a United States marshal,..he had been appointed to carry out the wishes of the judicial district in which he lived, and had duties similar to those of a sheriff. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in U.S.A. > lower house > official of 1792 M. Cutler Let. 5 Mar. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler (1888) I. 483 The Speaker of the House sent the Marshal-at-Arms to summon them to attend the House. society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > specifically in U.S. 1830 E. Williams 283 Common Council of Troy. Samuel McCoun, Mayor, Daniel Gardner, Recorder..Justin Kellogg, Marshal. 1866 in E. E. Dale & J. L. Rader (1930) 363 [The governor of the territory of Oklahoma] shall have authority to appoint a marshal of said territory. 1908 W. H. Davies 48 With that the marshal of the town stood before the open door, showing the star of his authority on his dark clothes. 1990 5 Feb. 54/2 Hamer then became a ‘town tamer’—in a town, Navasota, that was very tough to tame. When he pinned on the city marshal's badge there, Navasota was a boomtown in which shootouts on the main street were so frequent that in three years at least a hundred men had died. society > leisure > sport > judging or umpiring > [noun] > official 1927 19 Aug. 339/1 Two particularly drenched pit marshals' lives were saved by whisky sent out by their friends. 1934 B. Lyndon i. 10 The Fascisti proved willing to act as marshals along the course, obliging non-competitors to keep to the correct side of the road. 1940 19 Oct. 372/2 Lord Horder's Committee attaches much importance to the shelter marshals, who should be paid, whole-time officials, chosen from the wardens' service..and given a status which would entitle them to the help of the police and authority over the shelterers. 1962 (Amer. Assoc. Health) 75 Suggested officials for a meet... 1 clerk of course, 1 marshal, 1 scorer, [etc.]. 1975 (Nexis) 2 June 45 Some 300 U.S. Park Police and scores of volunteer ‘marshals’ found themselves unable to protect the relatively few whites among the predominantly black crowd, or to catch many offenders. 1992 Feb. 63/3 You will have a whirlwind affair with a race marshal which will cause..your marriage to go down the pan. III. A person holding a military post. 9. society > authority > office > holder of office > ceremonial officials > [noun] > official who organizes ceremonies society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > quartermaster-general society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > officer of other specific ranks > specifically in foreign armies a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 7630 (MED) Saul..made him [sc. David] ledder and marscal. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. 200 Had I ben Marschal of his men. ?c1450 tr. (1906) 16 The king of Hungry is of right marschall of cristendom in the werres ayenst the hethen. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 105 The ledare of the bataill, yat men callis now Constable, or marschall, jn his absence. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Acts xxiii. 9–10 The marciall [L. tribunus] fearyng lest that Paul [etc.]. ?a1560 L. Digges (1571) Pref. sig. A ijv The Marshall of the fielde shall..appoynt place conuenient for his Campe. 1579 S. Gosson f. 11 Ouid the high Martial of Venus feeld plantethhis [sic] mayn battell in publike assemblies. 1594 T. Nashe sig. C3 The Marshall generall of the field. 1612 F. Bacon (new ed.) 86 That an Army of infinite small portions or seeds vnplaced, should haue produced this order, and beauty without a diuine Marshall. a1628 F. Greville (1651) xii. 143 Meeting the Marshall of the Camp lightly armed. 1696 E. Phillips (new ed.) Marshals are also Military Officers, as the Camp-Marshal, who is the next Officer to the Lieutenant General. 1698 in (1809) III. 343 The marshals du camp ran away with it clearly to raise the siege. 1819 W. Scott I. xii. 242 The marshals of the field surveyed their ranks with the utmost exactness. 1906 C. M. Doughty IV. xvi. 177 Aulus rides, with him; legates then of legions, His marshals of the camp and of the horse. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > marshal a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 205 Evyn at the mete-whyle come two messyngers, that one was the Marchall of Fraunce. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) xviii. 473 Off Fraunce..knychtis twa;..The tothyr wes the merschell Bretayn That wes a wele gret lord at hame. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. ccccxxijv There were manye of the Nobilitie taken, amonges whome was the hyghe Mareshall of Fraunce. 1630 tr. G. Botero (rev. ed.) 157 For the Marshals of France, 18000 [crowns] apeece, when they were but foure; for now it is a Title only, without either pension or command, save only in the foure chiefe. 1675 in W. Fraser (1858) 507 Marachall de Coiquie his armie..are..cut off. 1689 Bp. G. Burnet I. 25 Had a brevet to be a Marischal of France. 1710 R. Steele No. 174. ⁋11 He and the Duke of Berwick are to command the French Army, the rest of the Mareschals being only to assist in Council. 1745 Lady M. W. Montagu 27 Jan. (1966) II. 349 It is reported here that the takeing of Mareschall Bell lisle will make the residence of France very unsafe to all the English. 1751 D. Hume vi. 123 Such is the Excellence which St. Evremond ascribes to Mareschal Turenne. 1783 T. Blaikie (1931) 187 At St Germains the Marichal de Noel..has a very curiouss gardin. 1815 J. Scott (ed. 2) Pref. p. lxi Some of our Marshals have been invited to visit the Allied lines. 1878 R. Browning 80 What might be the Marshal's next move, what Gambetta's counter-play. 1910 I. 513/1 The victory gained..by the British, Portuguese and Spaniards, under Marshal Beresford, over the French army commanded by Marshal Soult. 1954 19 Apr. 30/2 It was started by Marshall Alphonse Juin.., who is France's first soldier. 1993 19 Apr. 31/1 The Germans, Italians and the Ustashe were harassed by..Marshal Tito's Communist partisans. society > armed hostility > warrior > member of order of knights, etc. > [noun] > master of 1615 G. Sandys 230 The Martiall, the Maister of the Hospitall, the Admirall, the Chancelor, &c. [of the Knights of Malta]. 1899 at Hospitaller Grand Hospitaller, the third dignity of the order, after the Grand Commander and the Grand Marshal. society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > airman > [noun] > officer in air force > marshal 1919 4 Aug. 12/6 His Majesty..has approved of new titles for the commissioned ranks of the Royal Air Force. These are..Marshal of the Air, Air Chief-Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice-Marshal...It will probably be some time before we have a Marshal of the Air, as at present there is no officer of the rank of either Air Chief-Marshal or Air Marshal. 1919 7 Aug. 14/6 Air Vice-Marshal Trenchard..made the Air Force become the powerful and formidable fighting machine that it was. 1919 19 Aug. 10/4 The King has been pleased to approve the promotion of Air Vice-Marshal Sir H. Trenchard, K.C.B., to Air-Marshal. 1922 (Admiralty) I. 11 Marks of Rank...R.A.F. Marshal of the Air. R.N. Admiral of the Fleet. 1943 W. S. Churchill 141 Most of the air-marshals, the leading men in the Air Force, think little of dive bombers. 1968 1331/2 (heading) Harris, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur Travers. 1989 Feb. 65/4 ACM Sir David Craig has been promoted to the rank of Marshal of the RAF. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). marshalv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: marshal n. Etymology: < marshal n. Compare post-classical Latin marescallare to shoe or doctor (a horse) (from 13th cent. in British sources).For U.S. spelling see note s.v. marshal n. †I. Senses relating to farriery. the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > practise veterinary medicine and surgery [verb (transitive)] > treat as farrier the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > forge, falsify [verb (transitive)] > material things c1450 tr. G. Deguileville (Cambr.) (1869) 150 This hand marchaleth hors and maketh the badde seeme good to hem that wolen bigge hem. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 762 With his gud suerd the captayn has he tayn Quhill hors agayne he marscheld neuir nayn. 1506 in J. B. Paul (1901) III. 202 Item, to deif Andro that marshalit foure hors to the King xiiijs. 1512 in J. B. Paul (1901) III. 307 To merschele and mend the Kingis hors. II. To arrange, draw up, usher, etc. †2. the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast on [verb (transitive)] > arrange places at feast a1475 [implied in: J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 194 Thus may ye devise youre marshallynge..to þe honoure and worshippe of youre souereyn euery where. (at marshalling n.)]. 1508 (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dv The meryest on mold marschalit at mete. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 693 in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 116 All war merschalit to meit meikly & myth. 1548 f. vjv The Kyng caused the Quene to kepe the estate, and then satte the Ambassadours and Ladies, as thei were Marshalled by the kyng, who would not sit, but walked from place to place. 1654 ii. 23 I hope to Marshal them to th' Devils Feast. 1709 R. Steele No. 96. ⁋1 It has cost me very much Care..to marshal and fix the People under their proper Denominations. 1756 S. Foote i. 26 Next proceeds the Master, to marshal the Guests, in which as much Caution is necessary, as at a Coronation. 1815 W. Scott ii. vi. 49 And there he marshall'd them their place, First of that company. 1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton 76 The guests were marshalled to the board. 1843 T. B. Macaulay Madame D'Arblay in Apr. 468/2 In order that we may..marshal her to the exact seat to which she is entitled, we must carry our examination somewhat further. 1896 J. Todhunter 48 Rank and order due Were kept between them all, each Bard, or Chief, or King Being marshalled to his place by stewards of the feast. the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > include [verb (transitive)] > count in or include among 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo 587 in (1931) I. 73 The Erle of Marche wes merschellit yam amang. 1583 in J. Strype (1728) III. 183 The painful Pastors and Ministers of the Word..are marshalled with the worst Malefactors. the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > entertain with food > give or arrange a feast or dinner 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1434/1 The vshers marshalled the feast. 1613 T. Dekker sig. F3v These Bankrouts..Martiald vp a Banquet, rellishing likewise of their name, carriage, and condition. 1684 J. Arrowsmith tr. Plutarch II. 229 There was the same Spirit shown in Marshalling a Banquet as an Army, whilst the one was to be rendred very dreadful to the Enemy, the other very acceptable to the Guests. 1740 C. Pitt tr. Virgil I. i. 43 A hundred Boys and Virgins stood around, The Banquet marshal'd, and the Goblet crown'd. 1816 W. Scott III. v. 112 The numerous and contradictory commands of her mistress, concerning..the mode of marshalling and dishing the dinner. 1832 W. Wordsworth tr. Virgil Æneid i, in I. 384 While a hundred more..Marshal the banquet, giving with due grace To cup or viand its appointed place. 3. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (transitive)] > specific people the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > arrange in (a) row(s) or line(s [verb (transitive)] > specific people society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) > in battle array 1543 ( (1812) 113 (MED) So I shall vs marshall as I can, A fore a Bryton a Saxon sette full rife. 1587 R. Greene sig. Kv A day of battell was set, wherein when both the armies were martialed..in their seuerall ranckes. 1598 R. Barret iii. 49 To commaund the men to be marshalled into the order that shall bee appointed. 1601 S. Daniel Ciuill Warres (rev. ed.) iv. xviii. f. 53, in Those..troupes so marshaled..That euen his soule seemd onely to direct So great a body, such exploytes t'effect. 1611 Josh. i. 14 Ye shall passe before your brethren armed [Margin] marshalled by fiue. 1725 R. Wolcott 69 The General Commands the Officers with speed, To see his Men drawn up and Martialed. 1760 S. Fielding I. xxvi. 215 A new Way of martialing his Army. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in I. iv. 271 Marshalling his numerous host. 1838 W. H. Prescott III. ii. xii. 75 The duke..had marshalled his forces in a very different order. 1853 C. Brontë III. xxxv. 113 We were marshalled in order and soon started. 1868 E. A. Freeman II. viii. 255 King Henry and Duke William..were now marshalling their troops. 1959 G. Mattingly 115 Meanwhile the local gentry were martialling the Portuguese militia. 1982–3 16 211 All the powers had professed desire for a ‘free’ election, but did not hesitate to buy votes and to marshal their troops. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > get or fall into arrangement [verb (intransitive)] the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (reflexive)] 1583 B. Melbancke (new ed.) 115 The three Horatii marshalling together in the combat, queld their countermarching enemies, but seperated and disioyned, were all one after an other slaine. 1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in 124 They busie were in marshalling, Themselues to fight within the meddowes faire. a1640 P. Massinger Guardian iv. i, in (1655) 64 They are come, I know it by the Cornet that I plac'd On the hill to give me notice: Marshal your selves I'the Rear. 1691 J. Ray 44 These new diminutive Particles should again assemble and marshal themselves into corpuscles. 1709 J. Reynolds vii. 18 See, How they Marshall! How their Forces Join! 1736 S. Wesley 326 The Seats of Heav'n, at Jove's commanding Nod, Marshall'd themselves, miraculous to view! 1806 A. Duncan 37 The procession was marshalling. 1854 S. T. Dobell xxviii. 190 Her serving men..marshal mutely round, and look from each to each with eye-lids red. 1903 F. C. Montague III. 1 His ideas marshal themselves in an unbroken rhetorical order. 1986 R. Thomas vii. 170 Adeline marshalled herself to dissuade Amy..but..the battle was already lost. 1993 C. MacDougall 63 Some of the men refused to marshal till they'd had their dinner and we had to carry the banner till they were ready. 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1332/1 Ten others [sc. ensigns] which had marshalled the streets vnto the market place. 4. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (transitive)] c1547 Vox Populi iv, in J. Skelton (1843) II. 405 Then showld ye se the trade That marchantmen frist mayde, Whyche wysse men dyd marshall, For a welth vnyversall. 1579 J. Stubbs sig. D3 Noble men and other great landed ones..in their vsuall conveighances do marshall the fal of theyr inheritances by limitation vpon limitation euen to the tenth son of theyr body begotten. 1586 I. Rosse Pref. Verses in J. Ferne sig. Aixv In like sort shall you see How states of men are martialed, and placed in degree. 1614 W. Raleigh i. ii. xxviii. §4. 636 These narrations of Herodotus may, euery one of them, bee true; though not in such order of time as he hath marshalled them. 1666 S. Pepys 21 Dec. (1972) VII. 417 So to the office in the evening to marshall my papers. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer I. i. 249 With feeble steps from marshalling his Vines Returning. 1765 W. Blackstone I. 472 Having thus marshalled the several species of corporations, let us [etc.]. 1826 M. R. Mitford II. 293 Mrs. Bennet, milliner..who..marshalled a compter full of caps and bonnets at one side of the shop. 1852 M. Arnold ii. 276 Ye stars, Who slowly begin to marshal..Your distant, melancholy lines! 1878 R. B. Smith 226 The hostile Senate..had even then marshalled against him a long array of omens and portents. 1919 P. G. Wodehouse i. vi. 76 He annoys me. I cannot marshal my thoughts in his presence. 1965 J. A. Michener (1967) 463 He acted as if he could persuade any man to his conviction, if only he could talk with him long enough; like a clever Greek he could marshal facts to support any position he had taken. 1992 11 July 109/2 The exhibition has also marshalled an interesting array of memorabilia. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > other money-dealing operations 1771 F. Vesey 2 5 Though the court will help her by marshalling assets. 1818 W. Cruise (ed. 2) II. 178 [The court's] rules for marshelling [sic] assets. 1862 in (1989) 49 976 The Assets shall be marshalled for the Benefit of the general Creditors. 1902 H. G. Newton in XXVI. 136/1 In partnership cases the creditors of the partnership elect the trustee... The assets are marshalled, partnership assets being applied first to partnership claims and individual assets to individual claims. 1951 45 197 The United States is engaged in marshalling assets in order to create a pool out of which all American creditors of Russia might satisfy their claims pro-rata. 1993 R. C. C. Cuming & R. J. Wood (ed. 2) vi. lxviii. 441 The court may marshal the funds so that the senior creditor must first resort to the fund in which the junior creditor has no interest. 1919 9 Sept. These forty trains marshalled per hour..by which 2400 containers would be marshalled and ready for loading per hour. 1986 H. I. Andrews iv. 71 Different motor-coach sets may be marshalled in the same train. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > exhibit armorial bearings [verb (transitive)] > combine coats of arms 1572 J. Bossewell ii. f. 121v I haue omitted to marshal the same [coat] either with helme, wreathe, or mantle. 1610 J. Guillim vi. i. 256 If a bordured Coat be to be Marshalled amongst other Coats quarterly. 1863 C. Boutell xv. 129 The arms of a Husband and Wife are marshalled in a single Shield. 1889 C. N. Elvin 88/1 Marshalling, a Grand Quartering..unites the two associated coats so inseparably, that if they come to be Marshalled with other quarterings..they still remain together as a Grand Quartering. 1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson ii. 15 When several arms were marshalled on the same shield each corresponding crest was placed on a helmet on top. 1991 70 96 The quarters include those appearing on the Warwick Plate, but in addition there is marshalled that of Grey. society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide 1590 C. Marlowe sig. C8 Our conquering swords shall marshal vs the way We vse to march vpon the slaughtered foe. 1606 T. Dekker vi. sig. F1v Mark in what triumphant and proud manner, he is marshalled through Newgate. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. i. 42 Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going. View more context for this quotation a1764 R. Lloyd 10 Himself shall marshal out the way to taste. 1821 Ld. Byron Two Foscari iv. i, in 275 Each night I see them Stalk frowning round my couch, and, pointing towards The ducal palace, marshal me to vengeance. 1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous iv, in 4th Ser. IV. 132 The abbot marshalled him to the door of Augustine's chamber. 1867 A. Trollope II. lxiii. 211 Mr. Crawley had marshalled him into the room. 1923 ‘R. Crompton’ iv. 85 Eglantine saw a hedge with a gate in it and marshalled her party through that. 1935 I. Compton-Burnett ii. 16 Gretchen marshalled her flock out of church directly the service concluded. 1992 M. S. Weaver 26 You lumbered along the stadium like a sinner being marshaled to baptism. 1971 K. Foreman & V. Husted (ed. 2) xvii. 251 All runners are marshaled along the chute by ‘controllers’ until their tags have been received by the official recorder. 1985 May 32/1 In between marshalling competitors and checking off results..Bill Toms told me how pleased he was that so many clubs had managed to put in an appearance. 1987 7 June 78/1 I used to marshal at race meetings just to be near the cars. 1992 (Berks., Bucks. & Oxon. Naturalists' Trust) Sept. 12/1 Thank you to everyone who helped to make the day such a success—the volunteers who organised registration, served refreshments and marshalled as well as the walkers themselves. Derivatives the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > [adjective] > arranging 1855 E. Bulwer-Lytton 329 All the orient skies Are husht, and breathing out a bright surprise Round morning's marshalling star. 1873 W. Black xxvii. 457 The first scouts of the marshalling forces of the clouds came up in flying shreds. 1908 J. Miller 229 No marshaling troop, no bivouac song; No banners to gleam and wave. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.lOEv.c1450 |
