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单词 massed
释义

massedadj.

Brit. /mast/, U.S. /ˈmæst/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mass v.2, -ed suffix1.
Etymology: < mass v.2 + -ed suffix1.
1. Gathered into a mass; assembled in a mass. Also massed-up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adjective] > gathering, collecting, or coming together > gathered together
gathereda1425
congregate1432
collect?a1475
congested1578
mustered1596
congregateda1616
collected1670
massed1837
1837 E. S. Wortley Hours at Naples 30 While their massed sunshine-hoards wave to and fro, Beneath the softest breezes that may blow!
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxvi. 274 Among its massed edifices stand the ruins of temples, columns, and triumphal arches that knew the Cæsars.
1884 J. Parker Apostolic Life III. 315 Do not ask for proofs in words and paragraphs and massed-up sentences.
1896 Daily News 21 May 5/1 Thirty massed regimental orchestras.
1925 F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby v. 106 I..ran for a huge black knotted tree, whose massed leaves made a fabric against the rain.
1944 T. H. Wisdom Triumph over Tunisia xxiii. 181 Our massed bombers..set off to lay Tedder's bomb carpet.
1990 Reader's Digest June 52/1 Among..[Joy to the World's] cast of 800 were dancers in animal costume.., massed harpists and trumpeters.
2. Of an inscription: having the words arranged in a solid column of lettering. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written text > layout > [adjective] > in columns
columned1821
columnar1833
massed1906
1906 A. E. R. Gill in E. Johnston Writing & Illuminating xvii. 392 In that space set out the Inscription, either ‘Massed’ or ‘Symmetrical’.
1940 G. Hewitt Lettering xvi. 163 Italics..are not often successful when massed.
3. Psychology. Designating training or conditioning based on concentrated practice, with only very short breaks between repetitions. Esp. in massed practice.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > action or fact of accustoming > to conditioned responses > method of
massed practice1938
1938 Jrnl. Exper. Psychol. 20 201 The method of distributed practice should, therefore, yield relatively less accumulated inhibition than the method of massed practice.
1949 B. J. Underwood Exper. Psychol. xi. 631 Massed training, training in which trials are given in rapid succession with little if any time intervening between successive units of work.
1960 H. J. Eysenck Behaviour Therapy & Neuroses i. 17 The extinction of 4 tics in a female patient by..repeated voluntary repetition of the tic by massed practice.
1992 Psychopharmacology 109 112/1 Under both spaced and massed practice conditions, the magnitude of tolerance developed increased directly with the number of pre-session ethanol days.

Compounds

massed entry n. Theatre an entry on stage by all characters at the start of a scene.
ΚΠ
1955 W. W. Greg Shakespeare First Folio v. 157 In The Winter's Tale..there are massed entries in all but two scenes, but some individual entries are repeated later on.
1964 F. Bowers Bibliogr. & Textual Crit. v. i. 137 A massed entry is the notation at the start of a scene of the entrance in a group of all the characters, although some will make their entrances later at different points in the scene.
1989 Shakespeare Q. 40 90 Cade's followers make their massed entry in the upstage gloom chattering and smacking their lips.
massed estate n. South African Law the property of one person consolidated with that of another on the death of one of the parties by a mutual will instructing that the properties should be disposed of jointly on the death of the survivor.
ΚΠ
1962 D. B. Bosman et al. Tweetalige Woordeboek (ed. 4) 643/2 Saamgesmelt... -e boedel, massed estate.
1974 W. J. Fairbairn Handbk. for Executors (ed. 3) 117 It is not uncommon to find that two or more persons..have made a joint or mutual will in which it is directed that, on the death of the first-dying, their separate estates are to be merged and consolidated into one ‘massed estate’.
2001 M. M. Corbett et al. Law of Succession in S. Afr. (ed. 2) xx. 437 A usufructuary, fiduciary or other limited interest in the massed estates of both spouses.
massed start adj. and n. chiefly Cycling (a) adj. designating or relating to a race in which all the competitors start simultaneously; (b) n. the start of such a race.
ΚΠ
1935 Cycling 3 July 28/1 The Donington Trial was..the most damning commentary upon our ambitions..to play the game of massed start racing round a small closed circuit.
1939 Cycling 12 July 46/1 Holmes won the first British massed-start title.
1998 Independent (Electronic ed.) 2 Dec. 27 The massed start for the World Endurance Riding Championships sounds more chaotic..than The Charge of the Light Brigade.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1837
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