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mastiffn. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mastivus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin mastivus (from c1140 in British sources) < a vulgar Latin derivative of classical Latin mansuētus tame (see mansuete adj.) + -ivus (-ive suffix). The same vulgar Latin stem with a different suffix (compare -ine suffix1) gave rise to Anglo-Norman and Middle French mastin (1119 in Anglo-Norman, used insultingly of a man, 1155 in lit. sense (compare mastin n.); from 1549 in Middle French, although already in Old French as matin (late 12th cent.); French mâtin (compare mâtin n.)), Old Occitan masti (13th–14th cent.), mastin (1470), and post-classical Latin mastinus (from c1220 in British sources; c1255 in Albertus Magnus); compare also Old Occitan maustina (12th cent.), feminine form corresponding to maustin (13th cent.; Occitan mostin), Catalan mosti (c1400). Probably < French are: Spanish mastín (1276 in form mastin), Italian mastino (a1292), Portuguese mastim (13th cent. in form mastin).With alternation of final f /v perhaps compare Middle French, French mestif (see metif n.), variant of métis metis n. (see further discussion in Trésor de la Langue Française s.v. mâtin). Final s in the β. forms is perhaps after Middle French mestis metis n.), which may also be the source of sporadic forms with e here; perhaps compare also the Occitan form mastis . The γ. forms may have developed from the α. forms by analogy with doublets in -y suffix1 and -ive suffix (e.g. hasty adj. beside earlier hastive adj.) or from interpretation of the β. forms as plural and removal of final s to create a new singular. The early Scots δ. forms probably arose from the β. forms by suffix substitution (see -ish suffix1). N.E.D. (1905) gives the pronunciation as (mɑ·stif) /ˈmɑːstɪf/, /ˈmastɪf/. This seems to be the earliest reference to the British variant pronunciation /ˈmɑːstɪf/, which, though uncommon, was still listed in late 20th-cent. pronouncing dictionaries. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > giant breeds > mastiff α. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 187 (MED) Houndes and masteves [v.r. mastyves; L. mastivi] beeþ i-slawe in alle þe forestes of Engelond. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 189 (MED) He smot..þorgh þam..als grehound or mastif. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 83 Þare er ratouns als grete as hundes... Þai take þam with grete mastyfes. 1509 J. Fisher (de Worde) sig. Avij Euen as ye se these wood dogges these grete mastyues that be tyed in chaynes. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. ccxxxi. f. cliii A mastife or great curre Dogge. a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in (1843) II. 16 Suche malyncoly mastyvys and mangye curre dogges Ar mete for a swyneherde to hunte after hogges. 1550 R. Crowley sig. Biiiv To kepe wyth daunger, A greate mastyfe dogge. 1577 W. Harrison iii. vii. 44 The mastiffe, tie dog, or banddog, so called bicause manie of them are tied up in chaines..for dooing hurt abroad. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. 218 The Colophonians and Castabaleans maintained certain squadrons of mastiue dogs for their war seruice. a1609 J. Dennys (1613) ii. sig. C8v The mastifes fierce that hunt the bristled Boare. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. vii. 138 Their Mastiffes are of vnmatchable courage. View more context for this quotation a1652 R. Brome (1657) v. i. sig. F 3/2 There's a crust I brought To stop the open mouth of the Mastive, if he had flown at us. 1653 H. More ii. ix. §3 That grave Awfulness, as in your best breed of Mastiffs. 1717 D. Defoe iii. 289 A Gentleman who was set upon by a Furious Mastive Dog. 1794 H. Wansey Jrnl. 1 May in (1796) 27 We got on shore, not without some difficulty, a large mastiff dog keeping us at bay, for some time. 1807 17 273 In the porch..was lying a large, savage, mastiff dog. 1809 W. Scott 14 Jan. (1932) II. 151 We can only fight like mastiffs, boldly, blindly, and faithfully. 1812 R. Southey I. cl. 293 Sir Thomas Roe took out some English mastives to India. 1877 VII. 330/1 The Mastiff..is usually of a buff colour, with ears and muzzle darker. 1922 R. Leighton v. 62 The beautiful white-coated Pyrenean Dog is also essentially a Mastiff. 1978 P. Matthiessen iv. 276 The bales are guarded by big-headed mastiffs that lie quiet, dog eyes fixed upon the nearest dog. 1995 S. K. Penman (1996) xii. 195 His squires were already sitting up sleepily, his mastiff was adding his belligerent bellowing to the din. 1590 Sir P. Sidney iii. xxviii. f. 359 The Irish greyhound, against the English mastiffe; the sword-fish, against the whale;..might be..models of this combat. 1610 W. Folkingham i. iv. 9 English Mastiffes, Gase Houndes (or Lurchers) and Tumblers are in special request. 1696 No. 3242/4 An old Dutch Mastiff..of a lightish Brindle. 1774 O. Goldsmith III. 286 The Dutch mastiff. 1859 J. G. Wood (new ed.) I. 307 The Cuban Mastiff is supposed to be produced by a mixture of the true Mastiff with the bloodhound. 1877 VII. 330/2 The Thibet Mastiff is larger than the English breed. 1883 R. Groom 4 The German Mastiff. 1980 tr. G. Pugnetti 57 Careful breeding has succeeded in softening the French mastiff's aggressive nature. 1994 June 236/1 The Spanish Mastiff..comes from all parts of Spain but especially in the mountains. ?a1591 King James VI & I (1955) I. 155 Uell oucht I for to know thee [sc. a disease] o thou t[r]aitrouse mastisse [1591 mastish] uyle. 1602 (Arb.) v. iv. 71 Furor. Farewell my masters, Furor's a masty dogge. 1612 B. Jonson i. i. sig. B3 May, murmuring Mastiffe, I, and do. View more context for this quotation 1781 W. Cowper 35 To see a people scattered like a flock, Some royal mastiff panting at their heels. Compounds C1. a. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > giant breeds > mastiff 1604 Draft Royal Patent in P. Henslowe (1907) 102 For occupyinge and exercisinge of the saide office and keppinge of Twentie mastiffe Bitches the fee and wages of Tenn pence sterlinge by the daie. 1816 S. T. Coleridge i. 3 Sir Leoline..Hath a toothless mastiff bitch. 1841 T. Miller 30 The toothless mastiff bitch howls all night long. 1993 N. Curry 36 His heart growled Inside him the way a mastiff bitch would If someone came threatening her pups. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > giant breeds > mastiff 1522 J. Skelton 294 Our barons..Dare not loke out at dur For drede of the mastyue cur, For drede of the bochers dogge. 1608 T. James 49 They did as it were so manie woolues, or mastie curs woorie them [sc. the flock]. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > other types of dog > [noun] > giant breeds > mastiff c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 321 A mouthe as a mastis hunde, vn-metely to shaw. c1475 (?c1451) (Royal) (1860) 16 (MED) Every man kepyng the scout wache had a masty hound at a lyes. 1893 A. T. de Vere 28 Drew him obedient as a mastiff hound. 1809 W. Irving I. ii. i. 90 He was a short, square, brawny old gentleman, with a double chin, a mastiff mouth, and a broad copper nose. 1839 T. Carlyle Let. 24 June in (1964) 240 The mastiff-mouth [of Daniel Webster], accurately closed. 1877 VII. 330/1 The Mastiff race of dogs..includes the Mastiff, the Bull-dog, and the Pug. b. 1839 T. Carlyle Let. 24 June in (1964) 240 It is simply as a mastiff-mouthed man that he is interesting to me. C2. the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] > suborder Microchiroptera > family Molossidae (mastiff bat) 1851 P. H. Gosse 159 The Chestnut Mastiff-bat. 1871 I. 320 The Smoky Mastiff Bat [Molossus nasutus]..is a well-known South American species. 1965 E. W. Teale 18 It was not far from here..that two friends..had come upon the sooty-brown body of a dead mastiff bat. 1993 34 65 Thomas' mastiff bat, Promops centralis, has been collected at scattered locations throughout Mesoamerican tropical forests. 1781 H. Walpole 5 June Last week we had two or three mastiff days; for they were fiercer than our common dog-days. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes vulpes (fox) > varieties of 1766 T. Pennant 29/2 The Milgi or gre-hound fox, is the largest...: the mastiff fox is less, but more strongly built: the Corgi, or cat fox is the lest. 1828 J. Fleming 13 Mastif-Fox.—This is of a dark brown colour, somewhat less [than the Greyhound Fox], but more strongly made. Derivatives a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 234 Quhou mastewlyk abowt ȝeid he. 1851 P. H. Gosse 293 The mastiff-like physiognomy [of the monk bat]. 1989 R. J. Smith iii. 49 Beside him was Sherman Kent, his creased mastiff-like face seemingly exhibiting all the signs of a massive hangover. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † mastiffadj.1Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: masty adj. Etymology: Variant of masty adj. (although recorded slightly earlier), after mastiff n.; compare e.g. hasty adj. beside earlier hastive adj. Compare also mastiff adj.2 and (with sense 2) massive adj.; sense 2 may in fact belong with mastiff adj.2 rather than with the present word. Obsolete. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [adjective] > fattened (Harl. 221) 334 Mestyf, hogge or swyne, maialis. the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [adjective] > and broad 1668 F. Kirkman II. xi. sig. H2v Perceiving them to be too hard for us (for they were two stout Mastiff Queanes). a1675 B. Whitelocke (1682) anno 1644 108/1 Whitelocke did the like to another great mastiff Fellow, an Officer also of the King's Army, and took away his Sword from him. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † mastiffadj.2Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: massive adj. Etymology: Variant of massive adj., probably after mastiff n. or mastiff adj.1 (although compare also stiff adj. and note at that entry). Obsolete. the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > of large volume or bulky > and solid 1495 (de Worde) v. lvii Some [bones] ben..holowy. And some mastyffe [a1398 BL Add. massy] and sadde for the more stedfastness. 1733 G. Cheyne i. xi. 101 Those [persons] of large, full, and (as they are call'd) mastiff Muscles,..are generally of a firmer State of Fibres, than those of little Muscles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2020). <  n.a1387 adj.11440adj.21495 |
