bakingn.
/ˈbeɪkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbeɪkɪŋ/ 1.
a. The action, process, or practice of baking food, esp. in an oven; an instance of this.See also bread baking at bread n. Compounds 2, cake baking at cake n. and adj. Compounds 1a(b).
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > baking
bakingc1330
batch1440
furnagec1468
bakery1615
bake1843
c1330 Pennyworth of Wit (Auch.) l. 285 in Englische Studien (1884) 7 116 (MED) Wiþ brewing, bakeing and oþer chaffare.
c1475 Mankind (1969) l. 59 Þe corn xall serue to brede at þe nexte bakynge.
1566 W. Painter tr. O. Landi Delectable Demaundes iii. f. 58v The Romanes estemed the science of Baking to be but the worke of women.
1675 N. Grew Disc. Tastes Plants iv. §11 Sower apples, by mellowing, and harsh pears, by baking, become sweet.
1793 D. Ure Hist. Rutherglen 94 Another ancient custom, for the observance of which Rutherglen has long been famous, is the baking of sour cakes.
1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 153 This sized pie will require three hours baking.
1922 G. C. F. Pringle Tillicums of Trail 156 In every old prospector's cabin..you would see a bowl which contained sour dough from the previous making. This was used as yeast to be mixed in with the dough at the next baking.
2009 BusinessWorld (Nexis) 26 Mar. s2/7 Children from six to 12 can learn the basics of cooking and baking.
b. The food produced by baking (sense 1a). Also as a count noun (in plural): baked goods; bread, pastries, cakes, etc.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > cooked food > baked food
bakea1425
baking1440
baked meata1576
baked goods1865
bakeware1909
tian1955
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 21 Bakynge [a1500 King's Cambr. adds or bahche], pistura.
1465 Expenses K. Howard's Funeral in Paston Lett. (1904) IV. 212 My master spent in whete to make brede and odre bakenge xiij. seme.
a1654 J. Richardson Choice Observ. & Explan. Old Test. (1655) 32 They had also all the First-fruits of all things, from all persons, throughout the twelve Tribes, even of their doughs and bakings.
1852 Graham's Mag. Oct. 375/2 Mr. S—— laughed good-naturedly at my baking, and pronounced it very well, what there was of it.
1861 C. M. Yonge Stokesley Secret xiii. 215 Susan with..her plate of bakings.
1932 Derby Evening Tel. 24 Aug. 2/1 (advt.) If your landlady's baking is delicious, it's almost a certainty that she uses Booths' Self Raising Flour.
2007 Medicine Hat (Alberta) News 27 Feb. b1/1 Home baking tastes better to many people and you get to choose your own ingredients.
c. A batch of baked goods, cooked together at one time. Now somewhat rare.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > amount baked at once
batch1461
cast1470
baking1598
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Fornata, an ouen full, or a batche of bread, a baking.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Bread In making Bread for Servants, they grind three Minots of common Wheat, and a Minot of Barley, which will make up about one Baking.
1837 R. Huish Female's Friend 115/1 Take a lump of dough, about two pounds of your last baking.., keep it by you in a wooden vessel..; this is your leaven.
1921 Women's Inst. Libr. Cookery I. 6 Such devices [sc. bread mixers] are sanitary, and for this reason they are used in many homes where the bakings are comparatively small.
1993 E. Arnold Voices of Amer. Homemakers (new ed.) iv. 273 When they'd come home I'd have a big baking of bread just out of the oven, and I'd have one loaf of bread less when they got done with it.
2. The action or process of drying and hardening clay, bricks, etc., by exposure to heat, esp. by firing in a kiln.
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society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > pottery-making or ceramics > [noun] > specific processes
fictilage1610
throwing1686
fritting1816
biscuiting1819
slapping1825
blunging1832
jigging1865
baking1868
bossinga1877
kaolinization1886
towing1892
jolleying1901
saggaring1901
mould-running1910
mullitization1939
double-dipping1940
Belgicization1942
prefiring1944
press-moulding1953
1670 J. Ogilby America i. iii. 78 Pontenchianum..contains above fifteen hundred Houses, all built of Stone hardned with baking after their manner.
1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 251 Bodies of the glassy kind are changeable into porcelain by baking.
1868 J. Marryat Hist. Pottery & Porcelain (ed. 3) 494/2 The only colours yet discovered which will endure the extreme heat of the first baking without volatilising.
1912 Clay-worker Oct. 409/2 The invention relates to the baking of china or porcelain articles and consists of a new process for packing the freshly moulded articles..whereby they are supported to avoid distortion during the baking.
2014 Africa News (Nexis) 16 June The potters have different types of clay wares waiting for baking.
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society > communication > printing > post-printing processes > [noun] > distributing type > sticking together in distributing
baking1683
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 257 This sticking together of the Letter is call'd Baking of the Letter.
Compounds
C1.
a. General use as a modifier, as in baking dish, baking foil, baking industry, baking pan, etc.Recorded earliest in baking iron n. at Compounds 2.
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1352–3 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 155 (MED) In j pari de Bakynghernis emendand.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxvii. 958 By bakyng craft brede is ymade of mele.
c1422 Inventory Norwich in Norfolk Archaeol. (1895) 12 206 (MED) j bakyng pann erea.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 567 Plautus..maketh mention of..a baking pan.
a1667 G. Hughes Analyt. Expos. Bk. Moses (1672) 789/2 Their baking vessels being tied in their cloaths about their necks.
1788 Nova Scotia Gaz. & Weekly Chron. 25 Nov. (advt.) He carries on the Baking business in all its branches.
1796 J. Hemings Inventory 20 Feb. in T. Jefferson Papers (2000) XXVIII. 610 Kitchen Utincils..3 Copper Baking Moulds.
1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. v. 39 Preparing a baking-dish of beef and pudding.
1863 Scotsman 16 Mar. To enter bakehouses during baking hours.
1938 Amer. Home June 64/3 (advt.) I can't afford to waste good baking ingredients.
1995 Popular Crafts Jan. 52/4 Line a patty-tin..with baking foil.
2004 F. Lawrence Not on Label 105 The baking industry reckons that half of the big retailers' in-store bakeries are using ‘prebaked’ dough.
b. As a modifier, designating a variety of fruit or vegetable which is particularly suitable for baking (or, with preceding adjective, considered in regard to its suitability for baking), as in baking pear, baking plum, baking potato, etc.See also baking apple n. at Compounds 2.
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1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 588 The apple is neyther good eating nor baking fruit.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry ix. 544 The English Warden, the French Warden, and the great Spanish Warden,..are excellent Baking Pears.
1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. ii. iii. 599 The best sorts of baking plums are the following: Damson, bullace, [etc.].
1988 M. Stewart Quick Cook Menus ii. 159 I like to make this potato salad when new potatoes come in; it won't be very good if you use baking potatoes or ‘old’ potatoes.
1999 BackHome Mar. 43/2 An old traditional variety [of apple], the ‘Wedge’ is best used as a tart baking fruit.
C2.
baking apple n. a variety of apple particularly suitable for baking; cf. cooking apple n. at cooking n. Compounds 2.
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1670 D. Collwall in J. Evelyn Pomona 65 in Sylva (ed. 2) The best Baking-Apple that grows, and keeps long baked.
1875 Every-day Facts for Every-day Life 171 Dutch Apple Pie.—Pare and cut into thin slices some good baking apples.
2008 C. Mushet Art & Soul of Baking ii. 46/2 The best baking apples in the supermarket are Granny Smith, Pippin, and Fuji, but every baker has a favorite.
baking beans n. dried beans, metal or ceramic beads, or similar small objects used to weigh down a pastry case during blind baking (i.e. before adding the filling).
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1942 Western Times (Exeter) 30 Oct. 3/2 Line the centre of the pastry with a greased paper, filled with baking beans, and bake in a hot oven until crisp and lightly browned.
2017 A. Robertson Baking Hacks 131 If your recipe advises you to use baking beans to blind bake your pastry—don't listen to them!.. Blind bake your pastry with rice.
baking house n. now chiefly historical a place where bread is made; a bakery; cf. bakehouse n.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > bakery
bakehousea1225
baking house1440
pistrinea1483
bakery1598
bread shop1773
bakeshop1789
bake office1874
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 21 Bakynge howse, panificium.
1687 W. Clagett View Whole Controv. between Representer & Answerer 108 To send to the Baking-house for Bread, and to the Tavern for Wine.
1794 F. D’Ivernois Queries 16 Sept. in T. Jefferson Papers (2000) XXVIII. 153 Would it be possible..for the Company to find people who would undertake..to build a Church a tavern, a baking house, [etc.].
1836 C. Stanfield Coast Scenery 61 The baking houses are only two, but each containing four ovens, which may be heated eight times a-day, and capable in that time of baking bread for 16,000 men.
1992 C. A. Kierner Traders & Gentlefolk ii. 66 He had built both a brewery and a baking-house at the Manor so that he could provision the Palatines with beer and bread.
baking iron n. (a) (in plural) a pair of iron plates used to make communion wafers (b) a heavy flat iron plate on which cakes, flatbreads, etc., are cooked over an open fire; a griddle. [Perhaps compare Old Saxon bakīsarn baking tin (Middle Low German backīseren), Middle High German bachīsen, kind of equipment for baking.]
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > griddle
baking iron1352
griddle1352
girdlea1400
griddle-iron1843
tawac1843
yetling1866
spider1875
1352–3 in F. R. Chapman Sacrist Rolls Ely (1907) II. 155 (MED) In j pari de Bakynghernis emendand.
1683 W. Stockdale Great Cry Oppress. 247 Ellinor Cunningham..had taken from her one Griddle or Baking Iron worth four shillings.
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum at Oat-cakes The baking-iron or stone must stand at some distance from the fire.
1828 E. Leslie Seventy-five Receipts 72 Grease your baking-iron, and pour on it a ladle-full of the batter.
1984 R. Feild Irons in Fire v. 123 (caption) Cast iron hanging baking iron. In Colonial America, where often there was..a fierce open fire to cook on, hanging griddles were in far more widespread use than in England.
2015 Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 1 Sept. (Community section) b2/1 The batter [for the communion wafers]..is poured onto the baking irons.
baking oven n. an oven designed or used for baking; cf. roasting oven, warming oven n. [In quot. 1598 after German Backofen (see bake oven n. at bake v. Compounds).]
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > oven
ovenOE
baking oven1598
brick oven1750
bake oven1772
1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Praxis Med. Vniuersalis iii. xi. 355 Another drinke: Take Glew that is burnt in a baking Ouen [Ger. Bachoffen] foure pound, poune it small, and powre faire fountaine water vnto it.
1750 tr. R.-A. F. de Réaumur Art of hatching Domestick Fowls i. 36 The baking-oven which warmed the stove belonged to one of those people, who bake bread only to carry it..to market.
1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 120/2 Patent Hot-Air Continuous Baking Oven, with Travelling Baking Plate.
1910 Amer. Gas Light Jrnl. 17 Jan. 100/2 A broiling oven is located immediately beneath the baking oven.
2013 R. Vaughan When Hell came to Texas (e-book ed.) It was a big stove..with a baking oven, a warming oven,..and a large cooking surface with six lids.
baking paper n. paper used in baking or cooking; (later chiefly) spec. a type of stiff paper treated or coated to have a non-stick surface capable of withstanding the heat of an oven; = baking parchment n.
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1894 North Amer. (Philadelphia) 29 May 8/2 (advt.) Asbestos baking paper. For regulating the browning of bread, cake, roasts, etc.
2015 Radio Times 4 Apr. (South/West ed.) 17/1 Line the pastry case with baking paper and fill with baking beans.
baking parchment n. parchment used in baking or cooking; (later chiefly) spec. a type of stiff paper treated or coated to have a non-stick surface capable of withstanding the heat of an oven; = baking paper n.
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1940 Pittsburgh Sun-Tel. 24 Oct. 13/1 Oyster Loaf... Fill loaf and put top back on. Brush with melted butter, wrap in baking parchment, bake 20 minutes at 425 degrees F.
2015 Daily Mail 23 May (Weekend section) 72/2 Line two baking trays with baking parchment.
baking peel n. a paddle-shaped utensil with a long handle, used to slide loaves of bread, pizzas, etc., into and out of an oven; cf. peel n.1 1a.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > baker's shovel
peel1396
forkin?a1500
baking peel?1562
beal1598
oven peel1603
spittle1838
pale1857
?1562 Thersytes sig. D.iiv The backster of Balockburye with her bakinge pele.
1836 Mag. Domest. Econ. 1 75 The loaves are then placed..in the oven by means of an instrument called a baking peel, which consists of a flat beech board fixed to a long handle.
2002 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 1 Sept. m23 The lava-stone-lined brick oven.., the wooden baking peel possessed of a 24-foot-long handle to reach the oven's farthest precincts.
baking plate n. a plate on which food may be placed for baking, esp. a flat metal one forming part of an oven.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > baking stone or plate
bakestonea1200
baking stone1668
bannock-stone1724
baking plate1755
baking sheet1806
1755 Catal. Furnit. Earl of Grantham 23 A large copper preserving pan, and 2 baking plates.
1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 120/2 Patent Hot-Air Continuous Baking Oven, with Travelling Baking Plate.
2000 B. Belderok in B. Belderok et al. Bread-making Quality of Wheat i. vi. 49 The dough for deposited biscuits is portioned directly on a steel belt from the oven or on baking plates.
baking powder n. (a) a powder used in baking as a raising agent, typically instead of yeast, producing carbon dioxide by chemical effervescence when moistened and heated; (b) used as a modifier to designate various items of food made with this.Baking powder typically contains sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and a weak acid (such as cream of tartar or disodium pyrophosphate) held in a starch buffer.
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the world > food and drink > food > substances for food preparation > [noun] > baking powder or soda
yeast-powder1795
saleratus1837
baking powder1846
bread powder1849
soda1852
1846 Bristol Mercury 18 Apr. 5/5 (advt.) Mathews's baking powder. This excellent substitute for Barm, and which makes beautifully light Pastry, Pie-crusts, Plum-cakes, &c., may be used to great advantage with Indian-corn meal.
1869 New Albany (Indiana) Daily Ledger 13 Mar. Stew until almost tender, then make dough, as for baking-powder biscuit, and place over the top.
1917 Quiver Nov. 69/2 In small households where the consumption is not great, and time a matter of chief importance, baking-powder bread has the advantage of being more quickly made and cooked.
1986 B. Fussell I hear Amer. Cooking iii. xiii. 229 Angel biscuits..use both yeast and baking powder to leaven the flour.
2008 BBC Good Food Sept. 143/1 Put the flour, baking powder and ½ tsp salt into a food processor, then whizz in the unsalted butter and egg yolk to form crumbs.
baking sheet n. a flat metal tray, typically square or rectangular in shape and often without raised edges, on which food may be baked in an oven; cf. baking tray n.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > baking stone or plate
bakestonea1200
baking stone1668
bannock-stone1724
baking plate1755
baking sheet1806
1806 J. Simpson Compl. Syst. Cookery 484 The paste may be formed on baking sheets, and baked on them.
1924 Los Angeles Times 20 May ii. 9/5 Roll out, cut with a cookie cutter, place on a buttered baking sheet.
2001 Frederick (Maryland) Post 24 Oct. b1/4 Spread the pumpkin seeds evenly in a single layer on a baking sheet. Bake for about 45 minutes.
baking soda n. sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate), esp. as used in the preparation of foodstuffs and for other domestic purposes; cooking soda (cf. soda n.1 1b).Baking soda acts as a raising agent in baking when combined with ingredients containing mild acids such as lactic or citric acid; cf. also baking powder n.
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1838 Belfast News Let. 13 Apr. (advt.) Bi-Carbonate, or Baking Soda.
1892 E. F. Holt From Attic to Cellar x. 82 Wet the stain and rub it freely with soap and baking soda and let it lie a short time before washing.
1936 Consumers Union Rep. Oct. 5/2 Salt or baking soda, or a mixture of both,..is inexpensive and harmless, and is probably about as valuable as any other dentifrice.
2009 Hartford Mag. May 91/1 In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, cayenne pepper, kosher salt and paprika.
baking stone n. a thin slab of stone, unglazed ceramic, or occasionally steel, which may be placed in an oven or on an open fire as a cooking surface for baking; now used esp. for baking pizza and certain types of bread; cf. pizza stone n. at pizza n. Compounds 2, bakestone n.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > baking stone or plate
bakestonea1200
baking stone1668
bannock-stone1724
baking plate1755
baking sheet1806
1668 T. Jones Brit. Lang. in its Lustre Llêch bobi, a baking-Stone.
1851 Morning Post 18 Sept. 2/2 Large beds of pure soapstone in the eastern townships [are] well adapted for..baking-stones.
1915 W. Hough Hopi Indians 125 The mother of the bride builds a fire under the baking stone, while the daughter prepares the batter and begins to bake a large quantity of paper bread.
2009 N. H. Jenkins New Mediterranean Diet Cookbook 157 A baking stone..produces the best texture in breads and pizzas.
baking tin n. any of various types of metal container in which food may be baked in an oven.Not commonly used in North America.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > tin or pan
bake panc1350
trap?c1390
roaster1649
pattypan1660
cake pan1714
hoop1736
cake tin1771
baking tin?1775
tin1795
bake-kettle1828
bun-pana1845
brick tin1880
springform1902
tourtière1959
?1775 Trials Felons Castle of York 13/2 I was employed to search the prisoner's house, and found a china bason, a baking tin, a smoothing iron, [etc.].
1845 E. Acton Mod. Cookery xvi. 425 When the mixture has simmered..pour it out upon a delicately clean baking-tin.
2001 P. Barham Sci. Cooking x. 163 As with any cake there is a risk that it may stick to the baking tin.
baking tray n. a flat metal tray, typically square or rectangular in shape, on which food may be baked in an oven; cf. baking sheet n.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > tray or trough
kimnel1335
kneading-troughc1405
kneading-tubc1405
dough trough1440
shaul1600
hutch1658
sheet1747
baking tray1808
trendle1874
cookie sheet1900
1808 A. M. Grant Mem. Amer. Lady I. xi. 122 Baking trays, wooden dishes, ladles and spoons.
1968 N. Simon Turkish Cookery 63 When the dough is ready, roll out into thin rounds... Place them on greased baking trays and cook in the oven for about fifteen minutes.
2011 Church Times 14 Oct. 19/1 Put a sheet of foil on to a baking tray, and cook the birds on this for exactly 45 minutes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
bakingadj.adv.
/ˈbeɪkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbeɪkɪŋ/ A. adj.
1. That has the effect of baking something; extremely hot (and usually dry); scorching.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > very
wall-hotc1000
walm-hotOE
hot as hellOE
welling?a1200
welling hota1400
aestuant?1440
burning1484
scalding?a1513
broiling1555
roasting1567
walming hot1601
boiling hot1607
baking1656
stewing-hot1711
piping1823
grilling1839
seething1848
white-hot1855
stewing1856
incandescent1859
swithering1895
boiling1930
1656 tr. T. White Peripateticall Inst. 357 'Twas necessary, too, that, by the force of that mighty Flame, parts of Earth and Water..should, by naturall attraction and the power of the baking Fire, coagulate [L. concrescerent..vi coquentis ignis].
1786 G. Washington Diary 9 May (1925) III. 58 The ground, by the heavy rains..and baking Winds since, had got immensely hard.
1865 F. Parkman Champlain ix, in Pioneers of France in New World 302 The fierce sun fell on the bald, baking rock.
1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days xi. 170 It's getting beastly hot, isn't it?.. Isn't it simply baking!
2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 Feb. f1 Customers are prepared to wait in long lines in the baking sun.
2. Esp. of food: that is being baked.
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1781 London Mag. July 339/1 Her back now turn'd to spruce the baking bread.
1878 T. Champness New Coins from Old Gold xvii. 203 Is yours the lowly task to sit at the wheel, or to stand amid the soot of the baking clay?
1967 C. D. Simak Werewolf Princ. xxii. 135 The mechanical arm scooped up and flipped the baking cakes, moved them towards the griddle's front.
2012 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 17 Feb. c3 When the kids came home from school, they were often greeted by the smell of baking cookies.
B. adv.
Used as an intensifier. Chiefly in baking hot.
ΚΠ
1845 Bentley's Misc. 18 589 In summer a baking hot atmosphere; no ventilation..; if you are a lover of cleanliness, you are wretched.
1884 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 348 He..hired a boat and sailed across the baking hot harbour to Port Royal.
1910 Mitchell (Indiana) Commercial 23 June The nearer we came [to Jerusalem] the colder it was, but now, mid afternoon, we can't imagine it was cold, for the sun is baking warm.
2020 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 1 Jan. 22 The weather bureau is predicting another baking hot day on Saturday.
Derivatives
ˈbakingly adv.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adverb] > very or intensely (hot)
burning hot1475
seething1489
moultering1606
flaming-hot1638
torridly1657
roastingly1830
broiling1840
bakingly1858
blisteringly1877
candescently1883
broilingly1885
1858 Cincinnati Daily Commerc. 13 Aug. The weather still continues piping, steaming, broiling and bakingly hot.
1880 J. Fothergill Wellfields i. iii The sun shone bakingly upon the round stones.
2019 @caitlen 4 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 15 Aug. 2019) Yesterday it was already like 38 or something and bakingly hot.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.c1330
adj.adv.1656