Marsn.¹

Brit.

/mɑːz/, U.S.

/mɑrz/

Forms: Old English– Mars, Middle English Marce, Middle English Marche, Middle English Marcs, Middle English Marcus, Middle English Marcz.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Mārt-, Mārs.

Etymology: < classical Latin Mārt-, Mārs the god of war, warfare, the planet Mars < Maurs the god of war (attested on an inscription), contracted < Māuort- , Māuors , of unknown origin. A reduplicated form of the same name is seen in classical Latin Marmar ( Carmen Aruale), Old Latin Mamertei (dative singular, Lapis Satricanus), Oscan Māmert- , Māmers . Compare Mart n.¹, Mavors n.Mars' street n. at sense 1a is a mistranslation of ancient Greek Ἄρειος πάγος Areopagus n. Sense 2b arises from the association of iron with weapons of war and is attested for post-classical Latin Mars from c1215 in British sources and for Middle French Mars from 1566; sense 2c was adopted in Middle French a1458 by Sicily Herald, Jean de Courtais (attested also in post-classical Latin 1595 in a British source).

a. (The name of) the god of war of the ancient Romans, ranking in importance next to Jupiter, and identified from an early period with the Greek god Ares. Also figurative: warfare, warlike prowess, fortune in war (now archaic). Mars' field n. = Field of Mars n. (a) at field n.¹ Phrases 10a. Mars' hill n. (also hill of Mars; see also sense 2d) the Areopagus at Athens.† Mars' street n. obsolete = Mars' hill n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > war > [noun]

MarsOE

war1154

warc1374

irona1387

guerre?a1475

Mart?a1475

(the) feat of warc1503

militia1641

sport of kings1735

emergency1958

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > Mars or Bellona

MarsOE

MartOE

Mavors?1548

Bellonaa1616

OE Ælfric Homily: De Falsis Diis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 683 His [sc. Jove's] sunu hatte Mars, se macede æfre saca, and wrohte and wawan he wolde æfre styria[n].

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1682 Theseus..for to hunten is so desirus..after Mars, he serueth now Diane.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 3905 Mars haþ euer ben frend to ȝour worþi lyne.

c1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars 75 Venus kysseth Mars, the god of armes.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xvii. 19 They..brought hym into Marce strete.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxii^v I profered my body..that Mars shulde haue iuged the ende.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 81^v Folke by heapes did flocke To Marsis sacred field [L. sacrum Mavortis in arvum], and there stoode thronging in a shocke.

1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 29 Standing in the middest of the Mars streate he [sc. St Paul] openly inueighed agaynst the superstition of that worthy Citye.

1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier Antonius iii. sig. K3^v A man..In Marses schole who neuer lesson learn'd.

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 56 See here a face, to outface Mars himselfe.

1611 Bible (King James) Acts xvii. 22 Then Paul stood in the mids of Mars-hill [L. areopagi (Vulgate)].

1616 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. v. sig. D3 A third doth Mars-field wrastlings duely keepe [L. hic campo indulget].

1617 S. Ward Balme from Gilead ii. 22 That fortitude, valour and magnanimity..which Salomon symbolized in the steps of his throne adorned with Lyons: The Athenian Iudges by sitting in Mars-street.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 94 Bengala is a Province..peopled with Mahometans and Idolaters, addict to Mars and Merchandize.

1660 T. Hall Beauty of Magistracy 247 I have read that the Athenian Judges sat in Mars-street, to shew that Rulers should be men of valour.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Son of Mars, Soldier.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 139 Ye Sons of Mars, partake your Leader's Care.

1743 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Odes (new ed.) I. i. xvii. 24 Nor here shall Mars intemperate wage Rude war with him who rules the jovial vine.

?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 196 I am a Son of Mars who have been in many wars.

1807 W. Wordsworth Sonnet v, in Wks. (1840) III. 208 The ruddy crest of Mars Amid his fellows beauteously revealed.

1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad v. 81 Mars, man-slayer, gore-stained, stormer of walls.

1895 J. K. Bangs House-boat on Styx ix. 120 Mars, a little tin warrior who couldn't have fought a soldier like Napoleon.

1911 W. W. Fowler in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 760/2 The Salii or dancing warrior-priests of Mars.

1938 G. Farrar Such Sweet Compulsion 81 I was to have proceeded to Moscow and St. Petersburg later, but one of the many revolutions was set in progress... I can well do without so close an affinity with Mars.

1944 R. Lowell Eve of Feast of Immaculate Conception in Land of Unlikeness Lick the dust from Mars' bootheel.

1984 E. Olson Last Poems ii. 32 Mars and Venus, when that pair struggled, trapped in Vulcan's net, Were caught in a far subtler snare.

1988 Astrol. & White House 68/1 Mars, the god of war, has some affinity with you, since you are certainly a fighter.

†b. allusively. A great warrior. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun]

wyec900

rinkeOE

earlOE

manlOE

champion?c1225

warrer?c1225

drightmanc1275

here-dringc1275

here-gumec1275

here-kempec1275

wal-kempc1275

warrior1297

battlerc1300

fighterc1300

battle-wrighta1400

man-of-war1449

frekec1475

war-manc1485

combatant1489

Mars1565

warfarer1591

combater1598

Mavortian1598

brave1601

fire-eater1792

war-wolf1810

war-hound1812

war-dog1846

toa1860

Mavors1868

fightist1877

ninja1964

simba1964

1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis To Rdr. sig. *ij^v By Mars [are meant] the valiant men of warre that love Too feight it out.

1569 T. Preston Lamentable Trag. Cambises 10 A manly Marsis heart he bare.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. iii. 100 The blacke prince that young Mars of men.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 705 Warwicke (the Mars and Make-King of England).

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §134 149 This Mars vanquished the Arragonois.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 175 The Great Mars of the Battle unarms him and plays.

1830 T. Wade Jew of Arragon i. i. 6 Our changed King So dealt with war, that Spain saluted him The Mars of Arragon.

a. (The name of) the fourth planet of the solar system in order of distance from the sun, the orbit of which lies between those of the Earth and Jupiter.Mars is a small rocky planet, about half the diameter of the Earth, with a thin atmosphere and frozen polar caps mainly of carbon dioxide. It is periodically visible to the naked eye from the Earth, and, from the distinctive colour given to it by iron-rich minerals, is also known informally as the red planet (red planet n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [noun] > Mars

Marsc1300

Martc1385

red planet1690

c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 421 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 311 Saturnus is al a-boue, and Iupiter sethþe next, þanne Mars bi-neoþen him.

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 2589 The rede Mars [v.r. marce] was that tyme of the yeere So feble that his malyce is hym raft.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) viii. xiii. 320 In aege..the planete mars disposyth to stowpynge and crokydnesse.

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 4 When Mars retrogradant reuersyd his bak.

1585 R. Greene Apol. Astron. in Wks. (1882) V. 23 Of the concurse of Venus and Mars.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 188 Hel. You were borne vnder a charitable starre. Par. Vnder Mars I.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 15 Those who have Mars Lord in their Nativities, become either Souldiers or Trades-men.

1751 Narr. Life J. Daniel xxii. 312 I would not only have gone to the Moon, our neighbour planet, but to Venus, nay Mars..and even Saturn.

1784 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 265 The preceding side of Mars shews the flattening of the poles.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxvi. i, in Maud & Other Poems 96 [She] pointed to Mars As he glow'd like a ruddy shield on the Lion's breast.

1881 Smithsonian Rep. 29 This remarkable group of planetoidal or meteoroidal bodies forms a tolerably wide zone or ring between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

1915 New Republic 9 Jan. 27/2 A stranger from Mars might be puzzled by our motor jokes.

1930 J. H. Jeans Universe around Us (ed. 2) vi. 343 Some astronomers interpret certain markings on Mars as canals.

1973 Sci. Amer. Jan. 53/1 When Mariner 9 reached Mars on November 13, 1971, the greatest dust storm in more than a century was raging.

1989 Horoscope May 5/2 Just as Venus epitomizes femininity, Mars is the force of masculinity, action, energy, and drive.

b. Alchemy and Chemistry. The metal iron. Now historical.extract, saffron, salt, and vitriol of Mars: see the first element. † crystals of Mars n. Obsolete ferrous sulphate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > iron > [noun]

ironeOE

Marsc1395

c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 827 Sol gold is and Luna siluer, we threpe; Mars iren, Mercurie quyk siluer.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 7 If ȝe quenche saturne liquified in wiyn..and aftirward in þat wiyn..ȝe quenche mars manye tymes, þanne mars schal take algate þe neischede and þe softnes of saturne.

1669 R. Russell tr. J. Béguin Tyrocinium Chymicum 56 That Vitriol..transmutes more of Mars into Venus.

1677 R. Boyle in Philos. Trans. 1676 (Royal Soc.) 11 807 A Mass of Regulus made of Antimony without Mars.

1682 G. Hartman Digby's Choice Coll. Rare Secrets 20 The Crystals of ♂ are made thus.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. vii. 237/2 An extracted and digested Tincture of Mars.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Crystal Crystals of Mars,..is Iron reduced into Salts by an acid Liquor; used in Diseases arising from Obstructions.

1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 49 The alchymists..bestowed on the seven Metals..the names of the seven planets of the Ancients. Thus..Iron, Mars.

1889 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Mars, the alchemical name for iron.

1973 J. Bronowski Ascent of Man (1976) iv. 139 We use for the male the alchemical sign for iron, that is, what is hard: Mars.

†c. Heraldry. The tincture gules in the blazon of arms of sovereign princes. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun]

rednesseOE

rudOE

red?c1225

ruddya1387

ruddinessa1398

gulesa1400

rothumc1400

ruddeningc1400

ruddonc1400

rouge1437

rubor?a1450

rossome1527

Mars1572

rubedinousness1599

reddiness1611

scarletness1611

rubetude1657

floridity1713

erubescence1736

floridness1776

fiery1847

raddle1860

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 67 The fielde is partie per Fesse, Saturne, and Mars.

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xiii. 168 In the first hee beareth Luna, on a cheife Mars.

d. Palmistry. hill of Mars n. the fleshy area at the base of the thumb; also mount of Mars, plain of Mars.See also sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > thumb > parts of

ball of the hand?c1475

hill of Mars1578

plain of Mars1653

ball of the thumb1701

thumb-ball1821

thenar eminence1899

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 62^v That fleshy part of the thombe, which Palmesters do terme the hill of Mars.

1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie i. 56 Wee allow to Mars all that space within the Triangle, which is made by the line of the Liver, that of the Head, and that of Saturn; and we call that place the Plain of Mars,..the strongest place of the Hand.

1847 J. B. Buckstone Flowers of Forest (1890) iii. i. 98 Ah, here are some ugly crooked lines on the plain of Mars.

1986 R. Pollack Teach yourself Fortune Telling i. 36 The two mounts of Mars..do not signify violence.

1986 R. Pollack Teach yourself Fortune Telling i. 39 The life line..swings around the mounts of Mars and Venus.

1991 R. Wallace Makings of Happiness 38 We have a heart line, a life line, a mount of Mars as good as the next man's.

†e. A yellow or orange Mars colour (see Compounds 2). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments

yelloweOE

motey1353

arsenica1393

orpimentc1395

auripigmenta1398

ochre1440

pink1464

massicot1472

yellow ochre1482

orpine1548

painter's gold1591

spruce1668

giallolino1728

king's yellow1738

Naples yellow1738

stil de grain1769

yellow earth1794

queen's yellow1806

chromate1819

chrome yellow1819

Oxford ochre1827

Indian yellow1831

Italian pink1835

Montpellier yellow1835

Turner1835

quercitron lake1837

jaune brillant1851

zinc chromate1851

zinc sulphide1851

brush-gold1861

zooxanthin1868

Oxford chrome1875

aureolin1879

cadmium yellow1879

Cassel yellow1882

Neapolitan yellow1891

zinc chrome1892

Mars1899

jaune jonquille1910

1899 B. W. Warhurst Colour Dict. 47 Mars, dull deep yellow, also an orange.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

† Mars-adoring adj. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 160 A Mars-adoring Brood is here.

Mars-beloved adj. rare

ΚΠ

1904 N.E.D. at Mars Mars-beloved.

† Mars-conquering adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1595 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Babilon 54 O bright pearle of the North, martiall, Mars-conquering, Loue still and cherish Arts.

1598 S. Brandon Tragicomoedi of Vertuous Octauia i. sig. B5 Dwell in fames liuing breath..,Yee faire Mars-conquering wights.

† Mars-daunting adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 434 Mars-daunting martialist.

1617 W. Drummond Forth Feasting sig. B2 Eye of our westerne World, Mars-daunting King.

† Mars-starred adj. Obsolete born under the planet Mars; belligerent or warlike by nature.

ΚΠ

1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xviii. 74 Ye Mars-stard Pichtes of Scythian breed are here Coleagues.

1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells vi. 395 The Scythians (souldiers not to be despis'd) A Mars-starr'd people.

C2.

a. With a colour, as Mars orange, Mars red, Mars yellow, etc.: (designating) a pigment prepared from earths and coloured with iron oxide. Quot. 1894 is perhaps a descriptive rather than a technical use.

ΚΠ

1797 tr. Constant de Massoul Treat. Art of Painting 147 Mars yellow.

1880 Appletons' Jrnl. Mar. 270/2 Burnt sienna, mars orange,..and dragon's blood were not conected with fruit and confectionery.

1894 Athenæum 5 May 584/2 Her mars-red gown over a yellow petticoat.

1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 361/1 Colors for artists... Special colors..Mars Brown, Mars Orange, Mars Red, Mars Violet, Mars Yellow, Mineral Gray.

1975 M. Banister Bookbinding as Handicraft 153/1 Other iron oxides may also be used..such as the pigment called English red, also known as..Mars red.

Mars colour n. any pigment prepared in this way.

ΚΠ

1905 N.E.D. at Mars Mars colours.

1991 Artist Nov. 16/3 Mars colours from synthetic iron oxides are considered better for acrylic paints as they do not contain clay or calcium compounds.

Derivatives

ˈMars-like adj.

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 322 The valiant, Heau'n-assisted sword, Of Mars-like Essex.

1613 W. Drummond Teares on Death Meliades f. 3 Mustring on Marses field, such Mars-like Knights.

1792 ‘P. Pindar’ Lousiad: Canto IV (new ed.) 22 Thus thunder'd Secker with a Mars-like face.

1997 D. Goldsmith Hunt for Life on Mars 9 Prebiological activity..is likely to have been common on Mars-like and Earth-like planets throughout the universe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mars
释义	Marsn.¹ Brit. /mɑːz/, U.S. /mɑrz/ Forms: Old English– Mars, Middle English Marce, Middle English Marche, Middle English Marcs, Middle English Marcus, Middle English Marcz. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Mārt-, Mārs. Etymology: < classical Latin Mārt-, Mārs the god of war, warfare, the planet Mars < Maurs the god of war (attested on an inscription), contracted < Māuort- , Māuors , of unknown origin. A reduplicated form of the same name is seen in classical Latin Marmar ( Carmen Aruale), Old Latin Mamertei (dative singular, Lapis Satricanus), Oscan Māmert- , Māmers . Compare Mart n.¹, Mavors n.Mars' street n. at sense 1a is a mistranslation of ancient Greek Ἄρειος πάγος Areopagus n. Sense 2b arises from the association of iron with weapons of war and is attested for post-classical Latin Mars from c1215 in British sources and for Middle French Mars from 1566; sense 2c was adopted in Middle French a1458 by Sicily Herald, Jean de Courtais (attested also in post-classical Latin 1595 in a British source). 1. a. (The name of) the god of war of the ancient Romans, ranking in importance next to Jupiter, and identified from an early period with the Greek god Ares. Also figurative: warfare, warlike prowess, fortune in war (now archaic). Mars' field n. = Field of Mars n. (a) at field n.¹ Phrases 10a. Mars' hill n. (also hill of Mars; see also sense 2d) the Areopagus at Athens.† Mars' street n. obsolete = Mars' hill n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > war > [noun] MarsOE war1154 warc1374 irona1387 guerre?a1475 Mart?a1475 (the) feat of warc1503 militia1641 sport of kings1735 emergency1958 the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > Mars or Bellona MarsOE MartOE Mavors?1548 Bellonaa1616 OE Ælfric Homily: De Falsis Diis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 683 His [sc. Jove's] sunu hatte Mars, se macede æfre saca, and wrohte and wawan he wolde æfre styria[n]. c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1682 Theseus..for to hunten is so desirus..after Mars, he serueth now Diane. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 3905 Mars haþ euer ben frend to ȝour worþi lyne. c1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars 75 Venus kysseth Mars, the god of armes. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xvii. 19 They..brought hym into Marce strete. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxii^v I profered my body..that Mars shulde haue iuged the ende. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vii. f. 81^v Folke by heapes did flocke To Marsis sacred field [L. sacrum Mavortis in arvum], and there stoode thronging in a shocke. 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 29 Standing in the middest of the Mars streate he [sc. St Paul] openly inueighed agaynst the superstition of that worthy Citye. 1592 Countess of Pembroke tr. R. Garnier Antonius iii. sig. K3^v A man..In Marses schole who neuer lesson learn'd. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. iv. 56 See here a face, to outface Mars himselfe. 1611 Bible (King James) Acts xvii. 22 Then Paul stood in the mids of Mars-hill [L. areopagi (Vulgate)]. 1616 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. v. sig. D3 A third doth Mars-field wrastlings duely keepe [L. hic campo indulget]. 1617 S. Ward Balme from Gilead ii. 22 That fortitude, valour and magnanimity..which Salomon symbolized in the steps of his throne adorned with Lyons: The Athenian Iudges by sitting in Mars-street. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 94 Bengala is a Province..peopled with Mahometans and Idolaters, addict to Mars and Merchandize. 1660 T. Hall Beauty of Magistracy 247 I have read that the Athenian Judges sat in Mars-street, to shew that Rulers should be men of valour. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Son of Mars, Soldier. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 139 Ye Sons of Mars, partake your Leader's Care. 1743 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Odes (new ed.) I. i. xvii. 24 Nor here shall Mars intemperate wage Rude war with him who rules the jovial vine. ?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 196 I am a Son of Mars who have been in many wars. 1807 W. Wordsworth Sonnet v, in Wks. (1840) III. 208 The ruddy crest of Mars Amid his fellows beauteously revealed. 1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad v. 81 Mars, man-slayer, gore-stained, stormer of walls. 1895 J. K. Bangs House-boat on Styx ix. 120 Mars, a little tin warrior who couldn't have fought a soldier like Napoleon. 1911 W. W. Fowler in Encycl. Brit. XVII. 760/2 The Salii or dancing warrior-priests of Mars. 1938 G. Farrar Such Sweet Compulsion 81 I was to have proceeded to Moscow and St. Petersburg later, but one of the many revolutions was set in progress... I can well do without so close an affinity with Mars. 1944 R. Lowell Eve of Feast of Immaculate Conception in Land of Unlikeness Lick the dust from Mars' bootheel. 1984 E. Olson Last Poems ii. 32 Mars and Venus, when that pair struggled, trapped in Vulcan's net, Were caught in a far subtler snare. 1988 Astrol. & White House 68/1 Mars, the god of war, has some affinity with you, since you are certainly a fighter. †b. allusively. A great warrior. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] wyec900 rinkeOE earlOE manlOE champion?c1225 warrer?c1225 drightmanc1275 here-dringc1275 here-gumec1275 here-kempec1275 wal-kempc1275 warrior1297 battlerc1300 fighterc1300 battle-wrighta1400 man-of-war1449 frekec1475 war-manc1485 combatant1489 Mars1565 warfarer1591 combater1598 Mavortian1598 brave1601 fire-eater1792 war-wolf1810 war-hound1812 war-dog1846 toa1860 Mavors1868 fightist1877 ninja1964 simba1964 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis To Rdr. sig. ij^v By Mars* [are meant] the valiant men of warre that love Too feight it out. 1569 T. Preston Lamentable Trag. Cambises 10 A manly Marsis heart he bare. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. iii. 100 The blacke prince that young Mars of men. View more context for this quotation 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 705 Warwicke (the Mars and Make-King of England). a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §134 149 This Mars vanquished the Arragonois. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 175 The Great Mars of the Battle unarms him and plays. 1830 T. Wade Jew of Arragon i. i. 6 Our changed King So dealt with war, that Spain saluted him The Mars of Arragon. 2. a. (The name of) the fourth planet of the solar system in order of distance from the sun, the orbit of which lies between those of the Earth and Jupiter.Mars is a small rocky planet, about half the diameter of the Earth, with a thin atmosphere and frozen polar caps mainly of carbon dioxide. It is periodically visible to the naked eye from the Earth, and, from the distinctive colour given to it by iron-rich minerals, is also known informally as the red planet (red planet n.). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [noun] > Mars Marsc1300 Martc1385 red planet1690 c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 421 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 311 Saturnus is al a-boue, and Iupiter sethþe next, þanne Mars bi-neoþen him. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 2589 The rede Mars [v.r. marce] was that tyme of the yeere So feble that his malyce is hym raft. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) viii. xiii. 320 In aege..the planete mars disposyth to stowpynge and crokydnesse. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 4 When Mars retrogradant reuersyd his bak. 1585 R. Greene Apol. Astron. in Wks. (1882) V. 23 Of the concurse of Venus and Mars. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 188 Hel. You were borne vnder a charitable starre. Par. Vnder Mars I. View more context for this quotation 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 15 Those who have Mars Lord in their Nativities, become either Souldiers or Trades-men. 1751 Narr. Life J. Daniel xxii. 312 I would not only have gone to the Moon, our neighbour planet, but to Venus, nay Mars..and even Saturn. 1784 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 265 The preceding side of Mars shews the flattening of the poles. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxvi. i, in Maud & Other Poems 96 [She] pointed to Mars As he glow'd like a ruddy shield on the Lion's breast. 1881 Smithsonian Rep. 29 This remarkable group of planetoidal or meteoroidal bodies forms a tolerably wide zone or ring between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 1915 New Republic 9 Jan. 27/2 A stranger from Mars might be puzzled by our motor jokes. 1930 J. H. Jeans Universe around Us (ed. 2) vi. 343 Some astronomers interpret certain markings on Mars as canals. 1973 Sci. Amer. Jan. 53/1 When Mariner 9 reached Mars on November 13, 1971, the greatest dust storm in more than a century was raging. 1989 Horoscope May 5/2 Just as Venus epitomizes femininity, Mars is the force of masculinity, action, energy, and drive. b. Alchemy and Chemistry. The metal iron. Now historical.extract, saffron, salt, and vitriol of Mars: see the first element. † crystals of Mars n. Obsolete ferrous sulphate. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > iron > [noun] ironeOE Marsc1395 c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 827 Sol gold is and Luna siluer, we threpe; Mars iren, Mercurie quyk siluer. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 7 If ȝe quenche saturne liquified in wiyn..and aftirward in þat wiyn..ȝe quenche mars manye tymes, þanne mars schal take algate þe neischede and þe softnes of saturne. 1669 R. Russell tr. J. Béguin Tyrocinium Chymicum 56 That Vitriol..transmutes more of Mars into Venus. 1677 R. Boyle in Philos. Trans. 1676 (Royal Soc.) 11 807 A Mass of Regulus made of Antimony without Mars. 1682 G. Hartman Digby's Choice Coll. Rare Secrets 20 The Crystals of ♂ are made thus. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. vii. 237/2 An extracted and digested Tincture of Mars. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Crystal Crystals of Mars,..is Iron reduced into Salts by an acid Liquor; used in Diseases arising from Obstructions. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 49 The alchymists..bestowed on the seven Metals..the names of the seven planets of the Ancients. Thus..Iron, Mars. 1889 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Mars, the alchemical name for iron. 1973 J. Bronowski Ascent of Man (1976) iv. 139 We use for the male the alchemical sign for iron, that is, what is hard: Mars. †c. Heraldry. The tincture gules in the blazon of arms of sovereign princes. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] rednesseOE rudOE red?c1225 ruddya1387 ruddinessa1398 gulesa1400 rothumc1400 ruddeningc1400 ruddonc1400 rouge1437 rubor?a1450 rossome1527 Mars1572 rubedinousness1599 reddiness1611 scarletness1611 rubetude1657 floridity1713 erubescence1736 floridness1776 fiery1847 raddle1860 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 67 The fielde is partie per Fesse, Saturne, and Mars. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xiii. 168 In the first hee beareth Luna, on a cheife Mars. d. Palmistry. hill of Mars n. the fleshy area at the base of the thumb; also mount of Mars, plain of Mars.See also sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > thumb > parts of ball of the hand?c1475 hill of Mars1578 plain of Mars1653 ball of the thumb1701 thumb-ball1821 thenar eminence1899 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man iv. f. 62^v That fleshy part of the thombe, which Palmesters do terme the hill of Mars. 1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie i. 56 Wee allow to Mars all that space within the Triangle, which is made by the line of the Liver, that of the Head, and that of Saturn; and we call that place the Plain of Mars,..the strongest place of the Hand. 1847 J. B. Buckstone Flowers of Forest (1890) iii. i. 98 Ah, here are some ugly crooked lines on the plain of Mars. 1986 R. Pollack Teach yourself Fortune Telling i. 36 The two mounts of Mars..do not signify violence. 1986 R. Pollack Teach yourself Fortune Telling i. 39 The life line..swings around the mounts of Mars and Venus. 1991 R. Wallace Makings of Happiness 38 We have a heart line, a life line, a mount of Mars as good as the next man's. †e. A yellow or orange Mars colour (see Compounds 2). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments yelloweOE motey1353 arsenica1393 orpimentc1395 auripigmenta1398 ochre1440 pink1464 massicot1472 yellow ochre1482 orpine1548 painter's gold1591 spruce1668 giallolino1728 king's yellow1738 Naples yellow1738 stil de grain1769 yellow earth1794 queen's yellow1806 chromate1819 chrome yellow1819 Oxford ochre1827 Indian yellow1831 Italian pink1835 Montpellier yellow1835 Turner1835 quercitron lake1837 jaune brillant1851 zinc chromate1851 zinc sulphide1851 brush-gold1861 zooxanthin1868 Oxford chrome1875 aureolin1879 cadmium yellow1879 Cassel yellow1882 Neapolitan yellow1891 zinc chrome1892 Mars1899 jaune jonquille1910 1899 B. W. Warhurst Colour Dict. 47 Mars, dull deep yellow, also an orange. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. † Mars-adoring adj. Obsolete rare ΚΠ a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 160 A Mars-adoring Brood is here. Mars-beloved adj. rare ΚΠ 1904 N.E.D. at Mars Mars-beloved. † Mars-conquering adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1595 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Babilon 54 O bright pearle of the North, martiall, Mars-conquering, Loue still and cherish Arts. 1598 S. Brandon Tragicomoedi of Vertuous Octauia i. sig. B5 Dwell in fames liuing breath..,Yee faire Mars-conquering wights. † Mars-daunting adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 434 Mars-daunting martialist. 1617 W. Drummond Forth Feasting sig. B2 Eye of our westerne World, Mars-daunting King. b. † Mars-starred adj. Obsolete born under the planet Mars; belligerent or warlike by nature. ΚΠ 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iii. xviii. 74 Ye Mars-stard Pichtes of Scythian breed are here Coleagues. 1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells vi. 395 The Scythians (souldiers not to be despis'd) A Mars-starr'd people. C2. a. With a colour, as Mars orange, Mars red, Mars yellow, etc.: (designating) a pigment prepared from earths and coloured with iron oxide. Quot. 1894 is perhaps a descriptive rather than a technical use. ΚΠ 1797 tr. Constant de Massoul Treat. Art of Painting 147 Mars yellow. 1880 Appletons' Jrnl. Mar. 270/2 Burnt sienna, mars orange,..and dragon's blood were not conected with fruit and confectionery. 1894 Athenæum 5 May 584/2 Her mars-red gown over a yellow petticoat. 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 361/1 Colors for artists... Special colors..Mars Brown, Mars Orange, Mars Red, Mars Violet, Mars Yellow, Mineral Gray. 1975 M. Banister Bookbinding as Handicraft 153/1 Other iron oxides may also be used..such as the pigment called English red, also known as..Mars red. b. Mars colour n. any pigment prepared in this way. ΚΠ 1905 N.E.D. at Mars Mars colours. 1991 Artist Nov. 16/3 Mars colours from synthetic iron oxides are considered better for acrylic paints as they do not contain clay or calcium compounds. Derivatives ˈMars-like adj. ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 322 The valiant, Heau'n-assisted sword, Of Mars-like Essex. 1613 W. Drummond Teares on Death Meliades f. 3 Mustring on Marses field, such Mars-like Knights. 1792 ‘P. Pindar’ Lousiad: Canto IV (new ed.) 22 Thus thunder'd Secker with a Mars-like face. 1997 D. Goldsmith Hunt for Life on Mars 9 Prebiological activity..is likely to have been common on Mars-like and Earth-like planets throughout the universe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Marsn.² Brit. /mɑːz/, U.S. /mɑrz/ Inflections: Plural unchanged. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mars. Etymology: < the name of Mars Confections Limited (later Mars, Inc.), U.S. manufacturers of confectionery, founded in 1923. The product was first manufactured in Slough in 1933 by Forrest Mars (1904–99), son of the company's founders Franklin C. Mars (1883–1934) and Ethel Healy Mars (1884–1945).A similar bar produced by the company for the U.S. market from 1923 is called Milky Way (a name subsequently used for a different bar in Britain). 1. In full Mars bar. A proprietary name for: a type of chocolate-covered confectionery bar consisting of layers of caramel and nougat. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > chocolate jessamy-chocolate1697 milk chocolate1723 plain chocolate1737 chocolate drop1764 chocolate cream1851 chocolate1852 chocolate liqueur1864 chocolate button1865 choc1874 chocolate bar1875 choccy1885 langue de chat1897 black chocolate1902 soft centre1902 truffle1902 liqueur chocolate1904 bar1906 bark1910 chocolate coin1910 white chocolate1917 dark chocolate1930 Mars bar1932 Smarties1939 nutty1947 liqueur1965 1932 Trade Marks Jrnl. 5 Oct. 1273 Mars,..a sweetmeat. 1943 Penguin New Writing 16 (verso front cover) (advt.) Mars are made from the finest available materials—including chocolate.., glucose.., separated milk. 1948 C. Day Lewis Otterbury Incident ix. 112 Toppy gave the errand boy half a Mars bar he had in his pocket. 1973 J. White Norfolk Child 176 But there were peppermints,..and, of course, Mars. We..cut them into slices to make them last longer; first we bit the toffee off the top of the slice, then we nibbled the chocolate round the edges, and last of all..the delicious honey-sweet centre. 1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon iii. 57 ‘I've got a can of sardines and two Mars Bars,’ I said. 1995 Church Times 15 Sept. 24/5 We crocodile towards Jean's van and are given Mars bars and raspberryade. 2. Mars bar n. [rhyming slang] a scar. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > scar wama1000 wem1297 arra1300 nirtc1400 scara1425 cicatricec1450 fester?c1475 list1490 stool1601 cicatrix1641 cautery1651 seam1681 cicatricula1783 welt1800 sabre-cutc1820 stigmate1870 scarring1898 whelp1912 Mars bar1971 1971 S. Houghton Current Prison Slang (MS notebk.) (O.E.D. Archive) 14 Mars bar, scar. 1973 ‘J. Patrick’ Glasgow Gang Observed xiii. 117 I return..to rhyming slang... Scars were ‘Mars Bars’ and Mods were ‘Sods’. 1987 Observer 27 Dec. 3/6 He said ‘J’ had given the doctor a Mars bar (slang for scar). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²1932
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Marsn.1

Compounds

Derivatives

Marsn.2

Marsn.¹

Marsn.²