melancholicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌmɛlənˈkɒlɪk/,

/ˌmɛləŋˈkɒlɪk/, U.S.

/ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑlɪk/

Forms: Middle English malancolik, Middle English malancolike, Middle English malecolyk, Middle English malencolik, Middle English malencolyk, Middle English malencolyke, Middle English malincolic, Middle English malincolik, Middle English melancolik, Middle English melancolique, Middle English melencolik, Middle English melencolyk, Middle English–1500s melancolike, Middle English–1500s melancolyk, 1500s malencolike, 1500s malincolyke, 1500s mallencollike, 1500s melanchollike, 1500s melancholyke, 1500s melancolyke, 1500s melencolyke, 1500s–1600s melancholicke, 1500s–1600s melancholik, 1500s–1600s melancholike, 1500s–1600s melancholique, 1500s– melancholick (now archaic), 1600s malencholik, 1600s melanchollick, 1600s melanchollique, 1600s melancholyk, 1600s melancollick, 1600s– melancholic; Scottish pre-1700 malancolik, pre-1700 melancholike, pre-1700 melancolic, pre-1700 melancolike.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French melancolique; Latin melancholicus.

Etymology: < Middle French melancolique (late 13th cent. in Old French as adjective, early 14th cent. as noun; French mélancholique ) and its etymon classical Latin melancholicus < ancient Greek μελαγχολικός < μελαγχολία melancholy n.¹ + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Old Occitan malencolic (late 13th cent.), melancolic (c1350), Italian malinconico (late 13th cent.), Spanish melancólico (late 14th cent.; mid 13th cent. as melancónico), Portuguese melancólico (15th cent. as menencónico), Middle Dutch melancolijc (Dutch melancholiek), Middle High German, German melancholisch (14th cent.).Both the Latin and the Greek words are found as adjectives, designating people and diseases, and as nouns, denoting a melancholic person; compare also ancient Greek τὰ μελαγχολικά ‘melancholic temperament’ (in a medical context), use as noun of the neuter plural of the adjective.

A. adj.

†1. Medieval Medicine

a. Designating, relating to, or containing black bile, one of the cardinal humours (cf. melancholy n.¹ 2). Of food, atmospheric or planetary influence, etc.: tending to cause the formation of black bile. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders > causing

melancholicc1385

melancholiousa1400

melancholya1425

choleric?1533

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1375 Manye Engendred of humour malencolyk [v.r. malancolike].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 100 Lepra comeþ..somtyme of yuel dyete, as malencolik mete, to colde and drye.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Eeii All suche byrdes ben of nature melancolyke.

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. L.vii^v Much melancholyke bloud conteynyd in the lyuer.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 48 The..northin vynd..is cald and dry of ane melancolic natur.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 377 All diseases springing of melancholique, adust, and salt humours.

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum vii. xl. f. 101^v Hot powders, that comfort & wast, & chaunge the melancholike humour.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 24 Men vse to eate the flesh of Asses, which begetting in their body much melancholike and adusted humor, causeth them to fall into the Elephantia or spotted leprosie.

1631 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 10 Hee is a Planet masculine, of cold and dry nature, therefore melancholicke.

1678 T. D'Urfey Trick for Trick i. i. 1 Come prithee leave this Melancholick humour.

1837 J. Moultrie Poems 263 Throughout the kingdom flew a rumour That 'twas quite sure his Majesty would die Of this inveterate melancholic humour.

b. Of a disease, etc.: resulting from or characteristic of black bile. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders

cholerica1398

melancholianta1400

gallish1551

melancholical1559

melancholish1562

cholerical1569

cholerous1583

atrabilar1597

melancholic1598

atrabilaric1620

melancholeric1650

atrabilious1651

bilious1651

atrabilary1676

atrabilarian1678

atrabilous1681

atrabilarious1684

atrabiliary1725

biliary1837

acholic1866

1598 H. Roberts Honours Conquest sig. N3 The Emperour dreading thorowe her solitarinesse, some melancholike infirmitie, shoulde ensue.

a1662 P. Heylyn Cosmographie (1669) iii. 188/1 He contracted some melancholick distempers.

1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. ix. 61 In melancholick Tumors.

2. Of a person, his or her temperament, actions, etc. Originally: †dominated or characterized by an excess of black bile (cf. melancholy n.¹ 2); sullen, unsociable, given to causeless anger, brooding (obsolete). Later: liable to melancholy; depressed, gloomy, mournful.With melancholike hare in quot. 1612, cf. melancholy adj. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective]

melancholiousa1393

melancholica1398

darkc1440

adustc1460

melancholyc1475

as melancholy as a cat1592

allichollya1616

fuliginous1646

atrabilious1651

atrabilary1676

atrabilarian1678

hipped1712

splenetic1759

atrabiliarious1761

melancholish1775

atrabiliar1833

atrabiliary1839

atrabilarious1882

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 36^v Melencolik men falliþ in to þise & many oþir wondirful passiouns.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 1701 Withoute abood vn-to ship he goth, Malencolyk in his grete tene.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 52 He..becam all melancolik with out takyng Ioye ne plaisir in ony thyng that he sawe.

c1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Trin. Cambr.) 61 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 568 (MED) The Cok..haþe..corage & hardynes, And of hys berde melancolyk felnes.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 113 King Canutus..departed al wrothe, and melancholike, into Denmarke.

1612 J. Webster White Divel sig. F4 And like your melancholike hare Feed after midnight.

1708 J. Gay On Wine 60 In melancholic mood Joyless he wastes in sighs the lazy hours.

1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 327 Just as the Melancholic Eye Sees Fleets and Armies in the Sky.

1836 ‘C. Caustic’ Terrible Tractoration (U.S. ed. 3) i. 20 It makes one truly melancholic To see your mobs, most diabolic, Plunder and murder..Innocent members of community.

1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) I. x. 362 ‘Religion,’ said the melancholic Norton, ‘admits of no eccentric motions.’

1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria i. 4 Dyspeptic by constitution, melancholic by temperament, he could yet be lively on occasion, and was known as a wit in Coburg.

1941 W. H. Auden New Year Let. 164 One should not give a poisoner medicine, A conjurer fine apparatus, nor A rifle to a melancholic bore.

1988 B. Chatwin Utz 82 Prague was a city that suited his melancholic temperament.

3. Expressive of melancholy or sadness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > expressive of melancholy

melancholiousa1393

melancholyc1475

melancholic1584

1584 G. Peele Araygnem. Paris iv. ii. sig. Dij Some roundes or merry roundylaies, we sing no other songes, Your melancholick noates not to our countrie myrth belonges.

a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 203 Not for thy sake, that thow suld here or see the melancolik accents of my mone, I vent my woes, and sings of love and thee.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes Pref. 3 In Physic things of melancholic hue and quality are us'd against melancholy.

1760 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (ed. 2) II. cccxlvi. 408 I wrote a long, and of course, a melancholic Letter to you.

1857 M. Barnett Monsieur Jacques 11 It is a triste histoire—a story that is melancholick; but it will be lesson to you.

1940 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 25 203 Most of the songs, like peasant songs in general, have a melancholic, plaintive quality.

1986 J. M. Dillard Demons xii. 217 For an instant his expression became so melancholic.

4. Causing melancholy or depression; saddening, depressing. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > causing or producing melancholy

melancholic1590

splenetica1684

1590 Tarltons Newes out of Purgatorie 28 I went on further to see if I coulde perceiue any other such Iestes as might make mee merry in so melancholicke a place.

1612 J. Webster White Divel H 4 The blacke, and melancholicke Eugh-tree.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 83 Keeping time with the melancholicke musicke.

1693 J. Dryden Let. 30 Aug. in Wks. (1893) XVIII. 111 I was tempted to it by the melancholique prospect I had of it.

1723 S. Mather Vindic. Holy Bible vi. i. 360 No publick sorrow should be expressed on so melancholick an occasion.

1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 139 Such is the melancholic picture.

1981 J. Ellis in J. H. Mulvey Nature of Matter vi. 127 These grand unified theories also provide a melancholic vision of the ultimate future death of matter in the universe.

5. Relating to, characteristic of, or affected with melancholy, sadness, or (Medicine) depression.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > melancholic

melancholya1393

hypochondrical1586

hypochondriac1599

sullen-sick1614

hypochondriacal1620

mirachial1621

hypochondriatic1658

hipped1712

melancholic1809

hypochondric1871

melancholiac1906

1809 M. Edgeworth Ennui xii, in Tales Fashionable Life I. xii. 264 It would be give out you drown' yourself in a fit of the melancholic lunacy.

1830 J. Abercrombie Inq. conc. Intellectual Powers 311 I knew a person of wealth, who had fallen into a temporary state of melancholic hallucination, in connexion with a transaction in business which he regretted having made.

1866 W. H. O. Sankey Lect. Mental Dis. iii. 74 The case, commencing by a melancholic stage,..the melancholic and maniacal symptoms blend in different cases.

1934 P. Bottome Private Worlds 111 It's not an ordinary melancholic case. She hasn't had any attacks before; and it is not involutional.

1963 A. Wilson Wild Garden 35 Her brother..had really done little more than elevate his melancholic neurosis into a system of quietism.

B. n.

1. Originally: †a person affected by or liable to be affected by an excess of black bile; a person having a sullen, unsociable, or brooding temperament (obsolete). Later: a person suffering from or prone to melancholia, sadness, or (Medicine) depression.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > one affected by melancholy

melancholicc1460

melancholist1600

melancholian1632

melancholy1654

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > one of melancholy constitution

melancholian1340

melancholic1594

melancholist1599

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > melancholia > person

melancholist1600

hypochondriac1639

melancholico1652

hypochondriacal1694

hypochondrist1803

hypochondriast1809

melancholiac1863

melancholic1870

c1450 in J. Norri Names of Sicknesses in Eng. 1400–1550 (1992) 119 Alle melancolici haueþ he neȝborys in hate and þey fleeþ þe company of men and þey leuyþ in continuel sorowe.]

c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 737 (MED) Malencolik of his complexioun, Dispoosid of kynde for to be fraudelent.

1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxxix. 264 With such like ornament of iewell as agreeth with the hability and calling of the melancholicke.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 148 He..was not verie prompt of speech, which Aristotle affirmeth to be a property of the melancholicke by adustion.

1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Triumph of Faith xxvi. 326 The soul..is put to silence before God, and sitteth alone, as Melancholicks do.

a1680 J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) Ded. sig. E8 The discontented Paradox of a melancholick, vext, and of mean condition.

1755 Man No. 29. 3 Two famous sects of philosophers, which..still continue to divide the world into melancholics, and men of pleasure.

1870 H. Maudsley Body & Mind 95 Should he do injury to himself or others, as hypochondriacal melancholics sometimes do.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 371 One melancholic swam across a canal to throw himself under a train.

1909 Daily Chron. 29 July 6/3 He was not a maniac. More a melancholic.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 1175/2 Involutional melancholics were excluded from the manic-depressive group.

1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Mar. 258/4 A melancholic (to use an old-fashioned term) like Tafuri should beware of treating a choleric like Piranesi as if they were alike.

†2. Depression of spirits, melancholy. Occasionally in plural. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun]

melancholya1393

melancholic1526

melancholiness1528

allichollya1616

black humour1621

spleen1664

atrabilariousness1731

black dog1776

atrabiliousness1882

1526 Grete Herball cccxxi. sig. Sii^v/1 For melancolyke.

a1674 Earl of Clarendon Life (1759) ii. 69 My Condition..will very well justify the Melancholick that, I confess to you, possesses me.

1724 E. Ward Dancing Devils 60 Students touch'd with Melancholick, Are prone to Mysteries Diabolick, And love to talk with Men that know The Secrets of the Pow'rs below.

1789 J. P. Kemble Pannel ii. 32 So so! what ails you? Have you got the melancholics too? Catch'd the dumps of your cousin?

1823 J. Galt Entail II. xiii. 120 He certainly fell intil a sore melancholic at that time; and it's my conceit he has ne'er rightly got the better o't.

†3. Black bile. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > black bile as cause of melancholy

black choleraa1398

choler adusta1400

black choler?a1425

melancholic1590

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

black bile1634

1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 51 This fleame is not properly permanent in the complexion of man, as choller and melancholicke are.

1662 R. Watkins Flamma sine Fumo 140 The liver doth contain unwholsome blood, And Melancholick, which is never good.

Compounds

† melancholic gentleman n. Obsolete = melancholy gentleman n. at melancholy adj. and n.² Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 260 Leucoium Melancholicam. Melancholick Gentleman.

1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Leucoium Melancholicum, the melancholick Gentleman. This wild Kind of Stock-Gillyflower hath..a great Number of Flowers..made of four large Leaves..of a dark or sullen yellowish colour.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	melancholic
释义	melancholicadj.n. Brit. /ˌmɛlənˈkɒlɪk/, /ˌmɛləŋˈkɒlɪk/, U.S. /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑlɪk/ Forms: Middle English malancolik, Middle English malancolike, Middle English malecolyk, Middle English malencolik, Middle English malencolyk, Middle English malencolyke, Middle English malincolic, Middle English malincolik, Middle English melancolik, Middle English melancolique, Middle English melencolik, Middle English melencolyk, Middle English–1500s melancolike, Middle English–1500s melancolyk, 1500s malencolike, 1500s malincolyke, 1500s mallencollike, 1500s melanchollike, 1500s melancholyke, 1500s melancolyke, 1500s melencolyke, 1500s–1600s melancholicke, 1500s–1600s melancholik, 1500s–1600s melancholike, 1500s–1600s melancholique, 1500s– melancholick (now archaic), 1600s malencholik, 1600s melanchollick, 1600s melanchollique, 1600s melancholyk, 1600s melancollick, 1600s– melancholic; Scottish pre-1700 malancolik, pre-1700 melancholike, pre-1700 melancolic, pre-1700 melancolike. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French melancolique; Latin melancholicus. Etymology: < Middle French melancolique (late 13th cent. in Old French as adjective, early 14th cent. as noun; French mélancholique ) and its etymon classical Latin melancholicus < ancient Greek μελαγχολικός < μελαγχολία melancholy n.¹ + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Old Occitan malencolic (late 13th cent.), melancolic (c1350), Italian malinconico (late 13th cent.), Spanish melancólico (late 14th cent.; mid 13th cent. as melancónico), Portuguese melancólico (15th cent. as menencónico), Middle Dutch melancolijc (Dutch melancholiek), Middle High German, German melancholisch (14th cent.).Both the Latin and the Greek words are found as adjectives, designating people and diseases, and as nouns, denoting a melancholic person; compare also ancient Greek τὰ μελαγχολικά ‘melancholic temperament’ (in a medical context), use as noun of the neuter plural of the adjective. A. adj. †1. Medieval Medicine a. Designating, relating to, or containing black bile, one of the cardinal humours (cf. melancholy n.¹ 2). Of food, atmospheric or planetary influence, etc.: tending to cause the formation of black bile. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders > causing melancholicc1385 melancholiousa1400 melancholya1425 choleric?1533 c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1375 Manye Engendred of humour malencolyk [v.r. malancolike]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 100 Lepra comeþ..somtyme of yuel dyete, as malencolik mete, to colde and drye. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Eeii All suche byrdes ben of nature melancolyke. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. L.vii^v Much melancholyke bloud conteynyd in the lyuer. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 48 The..northin vynd..is cald and dry of ane melancolic natur. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 377 All diseases springing of melancholique, adust, and salt humours. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum vii. xl. f. 101^v Hot powders, that comfort & wast, & chaunge the melancholike humour. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 24 Men vse to eate the flesh of Asses, which begetting in their body much melancholike and adusted humor, causeth them to fall into the Elephantia or spotted leprosie. 1631 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. (new ed.) 10 Hee is a Planet masculine, of cold and dry nature, therefore melancholicke. 1678 T. D'Urfey Trick for Trick i. i. 1 Come prithee leave this Melancholick humour. 1837 J. Moultrie Poems 263 Throughout the kingdom flew a rumour That 'twas quite sure his Majesty would die Of this inveterate melancholic humour. b. Of a disease, etc.: resulting from or characteristic of black bile. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [adjective] > bilious disorders cholerica1398 melancholianta1400 gallish1551 melancholical1559 melancholish1562 cholerical1569 cholerous1583 atrabilar1597 melancholic1598 atrabilaric1620 melancholeric1650 atrabilious1651 bilious1651 atrabilary1676 atrabilarian1678 atrabilous1681 atrabilarious1684 atrabiliary1725 biliary1837 acholic1866 1598 H. Roberts Honours Conquest sig. N3 The Emperour dreading thorowe her solitarinesse, some melancholike infirmitie, shoulde ensue. a1662 P. Heylyn Cosmographie (1669) iii. 188/1 He contracted some melancholick distempers. 1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. ix. 61 In melancholick Tumors. 2. Of a person, his or her temperament, actions, etc. Originally: †dominated or characterized by an excess of black bile (cf. melancholy n.¹ 2); sullen, unsociable, given to causeless anger, brooding (obsolete). Later: liable to melancholy; depressed, gloomy, mournful.With melancholike hare in quot. 1612, cf. melancholy adj. 3b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] melancholiousa1393 melancholica1398 darkc1440 adustc1460 melancholyc1475 as melancholy as a cat1592 allichollya1616 fuliginous1646 atrabilious1651 atrabilary1676 atrabilarian1678 hipped1712 splenetic1759 atrabiliarious1761 melancholish1775 atrabiliar1833 atrabiliary1839 atrabilarious1882 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 36^v Melencolik men falliþ in to þise & many oþir wondirful passiouns. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 1701 Withoute abood vn-to ship he goth, Malencolyk in his grete tene. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 52 He..becam all melancolik with out takyng Ioye ne plaisir in ony thyng that he sawe. c1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Trin. Cambr.) 61 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 568 (MED) The Cok..haþe..corage & hardynes, And of hys berde melancolyk felnes. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 113 King Canutus..departed al wrothe, and melancholike, into Denmarke. 1612 J. Webster White Divel sig. F4 And like your melancholike hare Feed after midnight. 1708 J. Gay On Wine 60 In melancholic mood Joyless he wastes in sighs the lazy hours. 1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 327 Just as the Melancholic Eye Sees Fleets and Armies in the Sky. 1836 ‘C. Caustic’ Terrible Tractoration (U.S. ed. 3) i. 20 It makes one truly melancholic To see your mobs, most diabolic, Plunder and murder..Innocent members of community. 1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) I. x. 362 ‘Religion,’ said the melancholic Norton, ‘admits of no eccentric motions.’ 1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria i. 4 Dyspeptic by constitution, melancholic by temperament, he could yet be lively on occasion, and was known as a wit in Coburg. 1941 W. H. Auden New Year Let. 164 One should not give a poisoner medicine, A conjurer fine apparatus, nor A rifle to a melancholic bore. 1988 B. Chatwin Utz 82 Prague was a city that suited his melancholic temperament. 3. Expressive of melancholy or sadness. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > expressive of melancholy melancholiousa1393 melancholyc1475 melancholic1584 1584 G. Peele Araygnem. Paris iv. ii. sig. Dij Some roundes or merry roundylaies, we sing no other songes, Your melancholick noates not to our countrie myrth belonges. a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 203 Not for thy sake, that thow suld here or see the melancolik accents of my mone, I vent my woes, and sings of love and thee. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes Pref. 3 In Physic things of melancholic hue and quality are us'd against melancholy. 1760 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (ed. 2) II. cccxlvi. 408 I wrote a long, and of course, a melancholic Letter to you. 1857 M. Barnett Monsieur Jacques 11 It is a triste histoire—a story that is melancholick; but it will be lesson to you. 1940 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 25 203 Most of the songs, like peasant songs in general, have a melancholic, plaintive quality. 1986 J. M. Dillard Demons xii. 217 For an instant his expression became so melancholic. 4. Causing melancholy or depression; saddening, depressing. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] > causing or producing melancholy melancholic1590 splenetica1684 1590 Tarltons Newes out of Purgatorie 28 I went on further to see if I coulde perceiue any other such Iestes as might make mee merry in so melancholicke a place. 1612 J. Webster White Divel H 4 The blacke, and melancholicke Eugh-tree. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 83 Keeping time with the melancholicke musicke. 1693 J. Dryden Let. 30 Aug. in Wks. (1893) XVIII. 111 I was tempted to it by the melancholique prospect I had of it. 1723 S. Mather Vindic. Holy Bible vi. i. 360 No publick sorrow should be expressed on so melancholick an occasion. 1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 139 Such is the melancholic picture. 1981 J. Ellis in J. H. Mulvey Nature of Matter vi. 127 These grand unified theories also provide a melancholic vision of the ultimate future death of matter in the universe. 5. Relating to, characteristic of, or affected with melancholy, sadness, or (Medicine) depression. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > melancholic melancholya1393 hypochondrical1586 hypochondriac1599 sullen-sick1614 hypochondriacal1620 mirachial1621 hypochondriatic1658 hipped1712 melancholic1809 hypochondric1871 melancholiac1906 1809 M. Edgeworth Ennui xii, in Tales Fashionable Life I. xii. 264 It would be give out you drown' yourself in a fit of the melancholic lunacy. 1830 J. Abercrombie Inq. conc. Intellectual Powers 311 I knew a person of wealth, who had fallen into a temporary state of melancholic hallucination, in connexion with a transaction in business which he regretted having made. 1866 W. H. O. Sankey Lect. Mental Dis. iii. 74 The case, commencing by a melancholic stage,..the melancholic and maniacal symptoms blend in different cases. 1934 P. Bottome Private Worlds 111 It's not an ordinary melancholic case. She hasn't had any attacks before; and it is not involutional. 1963 A. Wilson Wild Garden 35 Her brother..had really done little more than elevate his melancholic neurosis into a system of quietism. B. n. 1. Originally: †a person affected by or liable to be affected by an excess of black bile; a person having a sullen, unsociable, or brooding temperament (obsolete). Later: a person suffering from or prone to melancholia, sadness, or (Medicine) depression. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > one affected by melancholy melancholicc1460 melancholist1600 melancholian1632 melancholy1654 the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > one of melancholy constitution melancholian1340 melancholic1594 melancholist1599 the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > melancholia > person melancholist1600 hypochondriac1639 melancholico1652 hypochondriacal1694 hypochondrist1803 hypochondriast1809 melancholiac1863 melancholic1870 c1450 in J. Norri Names of Sicknesses in Eng. 1400–1550 (1992) 119 Alle melancolici haueþ he neȝborys in hate and þey fleeþ þe company of men and þey leuyþ in continuel sorowe.] c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 737 (MED) Malencolik of his complexioun, Dispoosid of kynde for to be fraudelent. 1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xxxix. 264 With such like ornament of iewell as agreeth with the hability and calling of the melancholicke. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 148 He..was not verie prompt of speech, which Aristotle affirmeth to be a property of the melancholicke by adustion. 1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Triumph of Faith xxvi. 326 The soul..is put to silence before God, and sitteth alone, as Melancholicks do. a1680 J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) Ded. sig. E8 The discontented Paradox of a melancholick, vext, and of mean condition. 1755 Man No. 29. 3 Two famous sects of philosophers, which..still continue to divide the world into melancholics, and men of pleasure. 1870 H. Maudsley Body & Mind 95 Should he do injury to himself or others, as hypochondriacal melancholics sometimes do. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 371 One melancholic swam across a canal to throw himself under a train. 1909 Daily Chron. 29 July 6/3 He was not a maniac. More a melancholic. 1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 1175/2 Involutional melancholics were excluded from the manic-depressive group. 1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Mar. 258/4 A melancholic (to use an old-fashioned term) like Tafuri should beware of treating a choleric like Piranesi as if they were alike. †2. Depression of spirits, melancholy. Occasionally in plural. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] melancholya1393 melancholic1526 melancholiness1528 allichollya1616 black humour1621 spleen1664 atrabilariousness1731 black dog1776 atrabiliousness1882 1526 Grete Herball cccxxi. sig. Sii^v/1 For melancolyke. a1674 Earl of Clarendon Life (1759) ii. 69 My Condition..will very well justify the Melancholick that, I confess to you, possesses me. 1724 E. Ward Dancing Devils 60 Students touch'd with Melancholick, Are prone to Mysteries Diabolick, And love to talk with Men that know The Secrets of the Pow'rs below. 1789 J. P. Kemble Pannel ii. 32 So so! what ails you? Have you got the melancholics too? Catch'd the dumps of your cousin? 1823 J. Galt Entail II. xiii. 120 He certainly fell intil a sore melancholic at that time; and it's my conceit he has ne'er rightly got the better o't. †3. Black bile. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > black bile as cause of melancholy black choleraa1398 choler adusta1400 black choler?a1425 melancholic1590 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 black bile1634 1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 51 This fleame is not properly permanent in the complexion of man, as choller and melancholicke are. 1662 R. Watkins Flamma sine Fumo 140 The liver doth contain unwholsome blood, And Melancholick, which is never good. Compounds † melancholic gentleman n. Obsolete = melancholy gentleman n. at melancholy adj. and n.² Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 260 Leucoium Melancholicam. Melancholick Gentleman. 1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Leucoium Melancholicum, the melancholick Gentleman. This wild Kind of Stock-Gillyflower hath..a great Number of Flowers..made of four large Leaves..of a dark or sullen yellowish colour. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1385
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