melancholian.

Brit.

/ˌmɛlənˈkəʊlɪə/,

/ˌmɛləŋˈkəʊlɪə/, U.S.

/ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkoʊljə/,

/ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑljə/,

/ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkoʊliə/,

/ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑliə/

Inflections: Plural melancholiae.

Forms: Middle English malencolia, Middle English malencolya, Middle English melancolia, Middle English melencolia, 1600s– melancholia.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin melancholia.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin melancholia melancholy n.¹

†1. Black bile; = melancholy n.¹ 2a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > specific humours

phlegmc1250

moisturea1387

melancholyc1390

cholera1393

black humoura1398

choleraa1398

melancholiaa1398

coldness1398

sanguineness1530

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

primary humour1621

black bile1634

cambium1634

yellow bile1634

kapha1937

pitta1937

dosha1959

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 90^v Feuir quartane comeþ of melancolia..noȝt Igadred to a posteme.

a. A pathological state of despondency; severe depression; (now, Medicine) severe endogenous depression, with loss of interest and pleasure in normal activities, disturbance of sleep and appetite, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide. rare in 18th cent.The concept survives in the most recent versions of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association as ‘major depressive episode, melancholic type’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > melancholia

melancholya1398

hypochondriac1599

melancholia1607

melancholy madness1607

hypochondria1648

hypochondriacism1690

hypo1701

hypocona1704

hyps1710

hypochondriasis1722

hyp1736

hypochondriasm1742

hypochondrism1822

biophilia1857

lypemania1874

phrenalgia1890

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 349 I iudged him [sc. a horse] to be vexed with a melancholy madnesse, called of the Physitians, Mania, or rather Melancholia.

1664 T. Killigrew Thomaso iv. ii, in Comedies & Trag. 360 This blessed Unguento...cures Melancholia Hypochondriaca, being taken and applyed according to my printed Receipt.

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 193 Melancholia, a sadness without any evident cause..proceeds from the Degeneracy of the Animal Spirits.

1814 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 232/2 The number of recoveries, in cases of melancholia, has been very unusual.

1817 J. M. Good Physiol. Syst. Nosol. 278 Parr..makes Vesania the genus, and arranges melancholia, mania, and even oneirodynia as separate species under it.

1886 Mind 11 60 In certain melancholiæ and other mental disorders.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 373 Grayness [of the hair] often increases rapidly in melancholia.

1912 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Nov. 1379/1 He has hitherto limited the term ‘melancholia’ to cases occurring at the climacteric and the pre-senile period of life.

1941 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 32 113 This watching from without—known as depersonalization when reaching a high grade—is found in schizophrenia and also in melancholia.

1952 O. Nash Let. 5 Nov. in Loving Lett. (1990) 286 Emotional instability, melancholia, depression, are material, practical, frightening things.

1989 Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 46 368/2 We believe that endogenous depression (melancholia) is a valid construct.

2014 M. Poland Keeper iv. 38 Men [on the island] suffered injuries,..accidents with machinery. The wives were treated, one after the other, for what he [sc. the doctor] called ‘melancholia’.

b. In extended use: gloominess, a theatrical or aesthetic indulgence in reflective or maudlin emotion. See melancholy n.¹ 3d.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]

unlustOE

sorrowfulnessa1250

heavinessc1275

elengenessec1320

dullnessc1369

tristourc1380

murknessc1390

tristesse1390

faintness1398

ungladnessa1400

droopingc1400

heavity14..

dejectionc1450

terne?a1513

disconsolation1515

descence1526

marea1529

sadness?1537

dumpishness1548

unblessedness1549

dolorousness1553

ruefulness?1574

dolefulness1586

heartlessness1591

languishment1591

mopishness1598

soul-sickness1603

contristation1605

damp1606

gloominess1607

sableness1607

uncheerfulnessa1617

disconsolateness1624

cheerlessnessa1631

dejectedness1633

droopingness1635

disanimation1637

lowness1639

desponsion1641

disconsolacy1646

despondency1653

dispiritedness1654

chagrin1656

demission1656

jawfall1660

weightedness1660

depression1665

disconsolancy1665

grumness1675

despondence1676

despond1678

disheartenednessa1680

glumness1727

low1727

gloom1744

low-spiritedness1754

blue devils1756

black dog1776

humdudgeon1785

blue devilism1787

dispiritude1797

wishtnessc1800

downheartedness1801

blue-devilage1816

dispiritment1827

downcastness1827

depressiveness1832

dolorosity1835

lugubriosity1840

disconsolance1847

down1856

heavy-heartedness1860

lugubriousness1879

sullenness1885

low key1886

melancholia1896

burn-out1903

mokus1924

downness1927

mopiness1927

deflation1933

wallow1934

1896 Catholic World Mar. 782 If he was in a sulky mood..he would sit by himself in the grape-arbor and smoke millions of cigarettes. He called these fits ‘melancholia’, but Susi gave them another name in her own mind.

1934 D. Thomas Let. 9 May (1985) 130 It must be this ecclesiastical morning that drives me into such stagey melancholia.

1966 J. Fowles Magus xliv. 281 Brought up, like bacilli in a test-tube, on a culture of..pure Strindbergian melancholia.

1997 N.Y. Mag. 23 June 92/2 Echoes of Billie Holiday's sexy melancholia.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	melancholia
释义	melancholian. Brit. /ˌmɛlənˈkəʊlɪə/, /ˌmɛləŋˈkəʊlɪə/, U.S. /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkoʊljə/, /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑljə/, /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkoʊliə/, /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑliə/ Inflections: Plural melancholiae. Forms: Middle English malencolia, Middle English malencolya, Middle English melancolia, Middle English melencolia, 1600s– melancholia. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin melancholia. Etymology: < post-classical Latin melancholia melancholy n.¹ †1. Black bile; = melancholy n.¹ 2a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > specific humours phlegmc1250 moisturea1387 melancholyc1390 cholera1393 black humoura1398 choleraa1398 melancholiaa1398 coldness1398 sanguineness1530 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 primary humour1621 black bile1634 cambium1634 yellow bile1634 kapha1937 pitta1937 dosha1959 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 90^v Feuir quartane comeþ of melancolia..noȝt Igadred to a posteme. 2. a. A pathological state of despondency; severe depression; (now, Medicine) severe endogenous depression, with loss of interest and pleasure in normal activities, disturbance of sleep and appetite, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide. rare in 18th cent.The concept survives in the most recent versions of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association as ‘major depressive episode, melancholic type’. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > melancholia melancholya1398 hypochondriac1599 melancholia1607 melancholy madness1607 hypochondria1648 hypochondriacism1690 hypo1701 hypocona1704 hyps1710 hypochondriasis1722 hyp1736 hypochondriasm1742 hypochondrism1822 biophilia1857 lypemania1874 phrenalgia1890 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 349 I iudged him [sc. a horse] to be vexed with a melancholy madnesse, called of the Physitians, Mania, or rather Melancholia. 1664 T. Killigrew Thomaso iv. ii, in Comedies & Trag. 360 This blessed Unguento...cures Melancholia Hypochondriaca, being taken and applyed according to my printed Receipt. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 193 Melancholia, a sadness without any evident cause..proceeds from the Degeneracy of the Animal Spirits. 1814 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 232/2 The number of recoveries, in cases of melancholia, has been very unusual. 1817 J. M. Good Physiol. Syst. Nosol. 278 Parr..makes Vesania the genus, and arranges melancholia, mania, and even oneirodynia as separate species under it. 1886 Mind 11 60 In certain melancholiæ and other mental disorders. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 373 Grayness [of the hair] often increases rapidly in melancholia. 1912 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Nov. 1379/1 He has hitherto limited the term ‘melancholia’ to cases occurring at the climacteric and the pre-senile period of life. 1941 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 32 113 This watching from without—known as depersonalization when reaching a high grade—is found in schizophrenia and also in melancholia. 1952 O. Nash Let. 5 Nov. in Loving Lett. (1990) 286 Emotional instability, melancholia, depression, are material, practical, frightening things. 1989 Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 46 368/2 We believe that endogenous depression (melancholia) is a valid construct. 2014 M. Poland Keeper iv. 38 Men [on the island] suffered injuries,..accidents with machinery. The wives were treated, one after the other, for what he [sc. the doctor] called ‘melancholia’. b. In extended use: gloominess, a theatrical or aesthetic indulgence in reflective or maudlin emotion. See melancholy n.¹ 3d. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] unlustOE sorrowfulnessa1250 heavinessc1275 elengenessec1320 dullnessc1369 tristourc1380 murknessc1390 tristesse1390 faintness1398 ungladnessa1400 droopingc1400 heavity14.. dejectionc1450 terne?a1513 disconsolation1515 descence1526 marea1529 sadness?1537 dumpishness1548 unblessedness1549 dolorousness1553 ruefulness?1574 dolefulness1586 heartlessness1591 languishment1591 mopishness1598 soul-sickness1603 contristation1605 damp1606 gloominess1607 sableness1607 uncheerfulnessa1617 disconsolateness1624 cheerlessnessa1631 dejectedness1633 droopingness1635 disanimation1637 lowness1639 desponsion1641 disconsolacy1646 despondency1653 dispiritedness1654 chagrin1656 demission1656 jawfall1660 weightedness1660 depression1665 disconsolancy1665 grumness1675 despondence1676 despond1678 disheartenednessa1680 glumness1727 low1727 gloom1744 low-spiritedness1754 blue devils1756 black dog1776 humdudgeon1785 blue devilism1787 dispiritude1797 wishtnessc1800 downheartedness1801 blue-devilage1816 dispiritment1827 downcastness1827 depressiveness1832 dolorosity1835 lugubriosity1840 disconsolance1847 down1856 heavy-heartedness1860 lugubriousness1879 sullenness1885 low key1886 melancholia1896 burn-out1903 mokus1924 downness1927 mopiness1927 deflation1933 wallow1934 1896 Catholic World Mar. 782 If he was in a sulky mood..he would sit by himself in the grape-arbor and smoke millions of cigarettes. He called these fits ‘melancholia’, but Susi gave them another name in her own mind. 1934 D. Thomas Let. 9 May (1985) 130 It must be this ecclesiastical morning that drives me into such stagey melancholia. 1966 J. Fowles Magus xliv. 281 Brought up, like bacilli in a test-tube, on a culture of..pure Strindbergian melancholia. 1997 N.Y. Mag. 23 June 92/2 Echoes of Billie Holiday's sexy melancholia. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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