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单词 melancholia
释义

melancholian.

Brit. /ˌmɛlənˈkəʊlɪə/, /ˌmɛləŋˈkəʊlɪə/, U.S. /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkoʊljə/, /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑljə/, /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkoʊliə/, /ˌmɛl(ə)nˈkɑliə/
Inflections: Plural melancholiae.
Forms: Middle English malencolia, Middle English malencolya, Middle English melancolia, Middle English melencolia, 1600s– melancholia.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin melancholia.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin melancholia melancholy n.1
1. Black bile; = melancholy n.1 2a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > specific humours
phlegmc1250
moisturea1387
melancholyc1390
cholera1393
black humoura1398
choleraa1398
melancholiaa1398
coldness1398
sanguineness1530
atrabile1594
combust choler1607
primary humour1621
black bile1634
cambium1634
yellow bile1634
kapha1937
pitta1937
dosha1959
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 90v Feuir quartane comeþ of melancolia..noȝt Igadred to a posteme.
2.
a. A pathological state of despondency; severe depression; (now, Medicine) severe endogenous depression, with loss of interest and pleasure in normal activities, disturbance of sleep and appetite, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide. rare in 18th cent.The concept survives in the most recent versions of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association as ‘major depressive episode, melancholic type’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > melancholia
melancholya1398
hypochondriac1599
melancholia1607
melancholy madness1607
hypochondria1648
hypochondriacism1690
hypo1701
hypocona1704
hyps1710
hypochondriasis1722
hyp1736
hypochondriasm1742
hypochondrism1822
biophilia1857
lypemania1874
phrenalgia1890
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 349 I iudged him [sc. a horse] to be vexed with a melancholy madnesse, called of the Physitians, Mania, or rather Melancholia.
1664 T. Killigrew Thomaso iv. ii, in Comedies & Trag. 360 This blessed Unguento...cures Melancholia Hypochondriaca, being taken and applyed according to my printed Receipt.
1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 193 Melancholia, a sadness without any evident cause..proceeds from the Degeneracy of the Animal Spirits.
1814 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 232/2 The number of recoveries, in cases of melancholia, has been very unusual.
1817 J. M. Good Physiol. Syst. Nosol. 278 Parr..makes Vesania the genus, and arranges melancholia, mania, and even oneirodynia as separate species under it.
1886 Mind 11 60 In certain melancholiæ and other mental disorders.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 373 Grayness [of the hair] often increases rapidly in melancholia.
1912 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Nov. 1379/1 He has hitherto limited the term ‘melancholia’ to cases occurring at the climacteric and the pre-senile period of life.
1941 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 32 113 This watching from without—known as depersonalization when reaching a high grade—is found in schizophrenia and also in melancholia.
1952 O. Nash Let. 5 Nov. in Loving Lett. (1990) 286 Emotional instability, melancholia, depression, are material, practical, frightening things.
1989 Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 46 368/2 We believe that endogenous depression (melancholia) is a valid construct.
2014 M. Poland Keeper iv. 38 Men [on the island] suffered injuries,..accidents with machinery. The wives were treated, one after the other, for what he [sc. the doctor] called ‘melancholia’.
b. In extended use: gloominess, a theatrical or aesthetic indulgence in reflective or maudlin emotion. See melancholy n.1 3d.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]
unlustOE
sorrowfulnessa1250
heavinessc1275
elengenessec1320
dullnessc1369
tristourc1380
murknessc1390
tristesse1390
faintness1398
ungladnessa1400
droopingc1400
heavity14..
dejectionc1450
terne?a1513
disconsolation1515
descence1526
marea1529
sadness?1537
dumpishness1548
unblessedness1549
dolorousness1553
ruefulness?1574
dolefulness1586
heartlessness1591
languishment1591
mopishness1598
soul-sickness1603
contristation1605
damp1606
gloominess1607
sableness1607
uncheerfulnessa1617
disconsolateness1624
cheerlessnessa1631
dejectedness1633
droopingness1635
disanimation1637
lowness1639
desponsion1641
disconsolacy1646
despondency1653
dispiritedness1654
chagrin1656
demission1656
jawfall1660
weightedness1660
depression1665
disconsolancy1665
grumness1675
despondence1676
despond1678
disheartenednessa1680
glumness1727
low1727
gloom1744
low-spiritedness1754
blue devils1756
black dog1776
humdudgeon1785
blue devilism1787
dispiritude1797
wishtnessc1800
downheartedness1801
blue-devilage1816
dispiritment1827
downcastness1827
depressiveness1832
dolorosity1835
lugubriosity1840
disconsolance1847
down1856
heavy-heartedness1860
lugubriousness1879
sullenness1885
low key1886
melancholia1896
burn-out1903
mokus1924
downness1927
mopiness1927
deflation1933
wallow1934
1896 Catholic World Mar. 782 If he was in a sulky mood..he would sit by himself in the grape-arbor and smoke millions of cigarettes. He called these fits ‘melancholia’, but Susi gave them another name in her own mind.
1934 D. Thomas Let. 9 May (1985) 130 It must be this ecclesiastical morning that drives me into such stagey melancholia.
1966 J. Fowles Magus xliv. 281 Brought up, like bacilli in a test-tube, on a culture of..pure Strindbergian melancholia.
1997 N.Y. Mag. 23 June 92/2 Echoes of Billie Holiday's sexy melancholia.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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