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单词 meinie
释义

meinien.

Brit. /ˈmeɪni/, U.S. /ˈmeɪni/, Scottish English /ˈmen(j)ɪ/, /ˈmɛn(j)ɪ/, Irish English /ˈmeːn(j)i/, /ˈmɛn(j)i/
Forms: Middle English maignie, Middle English maine, Middle English mainie, Middle English maye (transmission error), Middle English maygne, Middle English maygny, Middle English mayne, Middle English maynee, Middle English mayneyȝe, Middle English meȝe (transmission error), Middle English megne, Middle English meȝne, Middle English meignee, Middle English meine, Middle English meinee, Middle English meinȝe, Middle English meingne, Middle English menee, Middle English meneȝe, Middle English meneȝee, Middle English meneya, Middle English meneyay, Middle English meneye, Middle English meneyhe, Middle English menȝe, Middle English menȝee, Middle English menȝey, Middle English menȝhe, Middle English menne, Middle English menyeie, Middle English menyhe, Middle English meygne, Middle English meygnee, Middle English mey-he (transmission error), Middle English meynee, Middle English meyneȝ, Middle English meyneȝe, Middle English meynȝe, Middle English meynȝey, Middle English meynhe, Middle English meyni, Middle English meynne, Middle English meynye, Middle English meynyhe, Middle English moynie, Middle English 1600s 1800s– menie, Middle English–1500s maynie, Middle English–1500s mayny, Middle English–1500s maynye, Middle English–1500s meanye, Middle English–1500s meigne, Middle English–1500s mene, Middle English–1500s menye, Middle English–1500s meyne, Middle English–1500s meyney, Middle English–1500s meynge, Middle English–1600s meany, Middle English–1600s meny, Middle English–1600s 1800s– meyny, Middle English–1700s meiny, Middle English–1800s meynie, 1500s mainy, 1500s meignye, 1500s meini, 1500s meinny, 1500s menyei, 1500s–1600s meiney, 1500s–1600s meney, 1500s–1600s meniey, 1500s– meinie, 1600s meanie, 1800s meisny, 1800s– meiné, 1800s– ménie; English regional (chiefly northern) 1600s– meny, 1800s menya, 1800s– meany, 1800s– meeny, 1800s– meiny, 1800s– menyie, 1800s– menzie; Scottish pre-1700 mainȝie, pre-1700 meangȝie, pre-1700 meigne, pre-1700 meinȝe, pre-1700 meingȝie, pre-1700 meinȝie, pre-1700 meingzie, pre-1700 meneȝe, pre-1700 menȝe, pre-1700 menȝee, pre-1700 mengȝe, pre-1700 mengȝie, pre-1700 menȝhe, pre-1700 menȝie, pre-1700 mengne, pre-1700 mengye, pre-1700 meniȝe, pre-1700 menyhe, pre-1700 meynȝe, pre-1700 minȝie, pre-1700 1700s– menye, pre-1700 1700s– menyie, pre-1700 1700s– menzie, 1700s–1800s meinzie, 1800s menji, 1800s menzy, 1800s– maingeh, 1800s– maingie, 1800s– manzy, 1800s– mengyie, 1900s– meingie, 1900s– meingyie, 1900s– meiny, 1900s– menge, 1900s– mengie, 1900s– menjie, 1900s– mingie; Irish English 1500s (1900s– northern) meany, 1900s– menye (northern).
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French maigné.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman maigné, mayné, meigné, meinée, mesnee, meyné (in senses 1, 2, 3, and 4) and Old French mesnie (12th cent. in senses 1, 2, and 4, early 14th cent. in sense 3), variants of Anglo-Norman maignede (c1120) and Old French (Normandy) maisnede (late 11th cent., although only recorded in manuscripts of a later date) < an unrecorded post-classical Latin derivative of classical Latin mansiōn- , mansiō mansion n. (compare -y suffix5). Compare post-classical Latin masnada, maisnede household (12th cent. in British sources; probably < Anglo-Norman), Spanish mesnada retainers (1207), troops (1444), Old Occitan maisnada, mainada household servants, children, entourage (c1180), Portuguese †masnada, mesnada household servants, family, retinue (13th cent.), Italian masnada band, family, retainers (a1292).In late Middle English (in some regions) the word became phonologically identical with many adj. This led to the use of the latter as a noun in most of the senses of meinie , especially when followed by of (see especially many pron. and n. 5, 6). Subsequently meinie became obsolete outside Scottish English (in which the predominant form of many adj. remained distinct), except as an archaism (hence probably the spelling with -ie). A connection with Old English menigu multitude, host, which survived into early Middle English as meniu, is highly unlikely. In Older Scots, unlike the majority of Middle English dialects, the French palatal nasal /ɲ/ was adopted (probably under the influence of Central French), and typically developed into /nj/ or /ŋ(j)/, which in many instances survive to the present (compare the current Scottish pronunciations given above, and also such forms as maingeh, maingie, manzy, meingie, meingyie, menge, mengie, mengyie, menjie, menye, menyie, menzie, mingie (all attested in 19th- and 20th-cent. sources; by a Scots printing convention the letter z is used to represent older ȝ; Middle English forms with spellings reflecting the palatal nasal are chiefly in texts from northern counties)). In modern Scots the word is often spelt menyie; apart from its use as a literary archaism, it now occurs chiefly in north-eastern dialects. 19th-cent. British and U.S. dictionaries, in which the word is treated as chiefly a literary archaism, usually give the pronunciation as /ˈmiːnɪ/.
Now archaic and regional (chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern)).
1. A family, a household. Now Scottish and Irish English (rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > family > [noun] > family or household
hirdc888
houseeOE
hewenc1000
houseshipOE
hinehedea1300
meiniec1300
ménagec1325
householda1382
family1452
fam1579
private family1598
fireside1686
family circle1768
family unit1860
mainpast1865
familia1869
home1876
aiga1895
ohana1926
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > household
hirdc888
houseeOE
houseshipOE
hinehedea1300
meiniec1300
ménagec1325
householda1382
family1452
fireside1686
mainpast1865
c1300 St. Hippolytus (Laud) 3 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 480 Seint ypolyt þe Martyr..Þat wuste seint laurence in prisone..And þoruȝh him turnde to cristindom and his maine al-so.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 12271 (MED) Þan went ioseph and mari bun Wit iesu til a-noiþer tun, þat meingne [a1400 Fairf. meynye, a1400 Gött. meigne] was sa mild and meth.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 331 (MED) Þis meyny of aȝte I schal save of monnez saulez.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 32 No weddid man owiþ to leue his wife & children & meyne vngouerned.
1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. House Holde f. 60 For a man that is at great costs..in his house, and can not gette as moche..as wyl fynde hym and his meyny.
1587 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 327 I will command my menyei (which, as this examinate thinketh, he ment his wife and children) that they will be good to the.
1658 R. Brathwait Age of Apes in Honest Ghost 263 How should he relieve his familie,..With all the holy Meynie of his house; If he should not dispence with his Creatour, And smooth the sinne of his Impropriatour?
1665 C. Cotton Scarronnides 72 A farme lyes ready cut and dryd, Will hold both me, and all my meany.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. 35 If the Laird slights the Lady his Menzie will be ready.
1913 H. P. Cameron tr. Thomas à Kempis Of Imitation of Christ iii. xlv. 155 A man's faes are they o' his ain menyie.
2. A body of people attending a lord or other powerful person.
a. A group of people particularly associated with God: spec. (a) the angels, (b) the poor, as objects or recipients of God's special care. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue
hirdc888
douthOE
gingc1175
folkc1275
hirdfolcc1275
tail1297
meiniec1300
meiniec1300
routc1325
suitc1325
peoplec1330
leading1382
retinuea1387
repairc1390
retenancea1393
farneta1400
to-draughta1400
sembly14..
sequelc1420
manya1425
followingc1429
affinity?1435
family1438
train1489
estatec1500
port1545
retain1548
equipage1579
suite1579
attendancy1586
attendance1607
tendancea1616
sequacesa1660
cortège1679
c1300 Assumption of Virgin (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1901) l. 110 He [sc. Jesus] wile senden after þe, Fram heuene adun of his meigne.
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 894 Thise ordred folk ben specially titled to god, and of the special meignee of god.
c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 18 (MED) To make þerof a clene coupe of pured gold to serue his Fader in heuene of drynke, and al his meyne.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 2920 (MED) [T]hei þat of God knowe noght here..At þe day of dome shal [he] Knowe hem for none of his meine.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) ix. xiv. 367/1 For why wycked doers & synful poore men ben called the leste of goddes menye.
1921 G. Saintsbury Notes on Cellar-bk. (ed. 3) p. xxvii So gentle and gracious are the compliments that pass between the folk of the meyny of the God!
b. More generally: a body of retainers, attendants, dependants, or followers; a retinue. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue
hirdc888
douthOE
gingc1175
folkc1275
hirdfolcc1275
tail1297
meiniec1300
meiniec1300
routc1325
suitc1325
peoplec1330
leading1382
retinuea1387
repairc1390
retenancea1393
farneta1400
to-draughta1400
sembly14..
sequelc1420
manya1425
followingc1429
affinity?1435
family1438
train1489
estatec1500
port1545
retain1548
equipage1579
suite1579
attendancy1586
attendance1607
tendancea1616
sequacesa1660
cortège1679
c1300 St. Edward Elder (Laud) 64 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 48 (MED) Þe Quiene a-ȝein him eode With fair Meyne and gret honour.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 3484 Þat so moche folc to him com of kniȝtes ȝonge & olde Þat he nadde noȝt wel war wiþ such menie up to holde.
c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 575 Certes, he Iaake Straw and his meynee ne made neuere shoutes half so shrille.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20579 Þan com ihesus wit his meigne.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 2382 Þe set honorable to be with fourty knyghtes of meigne.
1423 Rolls of Parl. IV. 248/2 For the expens resounable of hir and of a certein Meyne that shuld abide aboute hir.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 7156 Thus, Antecrist abiden we, For we ben alle of his meyne.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 182 He hath no werre but rideth with a pryuy meynee [?a1425 Egerton menȝee].
c1443 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 124 Ther all the ryall powere of Frensshemen come aȝenst owre kynge and his litill meyné.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 586 Kynge Marke rode frowarde them with all his mayneall mayne.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 182 Hys meyny of woluerton sholde haue fre & full power to lede her bestys to the welle.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. i. 25 Furth sail I,..With my ȝoung son Ascanius and our menȝe.
c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 307 The[n] the Perse owt off Banborowe cam, with him a myghtee meany.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) ii. ii. 211 They summon'd vp their meiney, straight tooke Horse, Commanded me to follow.
a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) I. 214 Wherto eleaven knights were wittnesses, then of his meiny or houshold seruants.
1728 A. Ramsay To Duncan Forbes vii What gars thee look sae big and bluff? Is't an attending menzie?
1832 T. J. Serle Merchant of London ii. i. 28 Show me the palace, the rich furniture, The fair domain, the meiny of attendants.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. xiii. 218 Norman barons and earls..thought themselves all but as good as their king; gave him their advice when they thought fit; and if he did not take it, attacked him with all their meinie.
1904 G. Saintsbury Hist. Crit. III. 426 Titania and her meyny.
1933 C. Williams Shadows of Ecstasy x. 203 Considine had..loosed but few of his meinie on the hills of the north and the south.
1988 P. Scupham Air Show 57 Oh wicked uncle..I know you have the shadows for your meiny. Their liquefaction stiffens to salute.
†c. Collectively: servants. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > servants collectively
meiniea1382
varletrya1616
servitude1667
servantry1784
ha'-folk1786
servantdom1853
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxvi. 14 He hadde possessyouns of schepe & of drowez & of meyneȝe mych.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 252 Þe lady, þe menȝe, grete and small.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 604 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 319 Now let we þes officers be, And telle we wylle of smaller mene.
†3. The pieces or men used in the game of chess collectively; a set of chessmen. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces
meiniec1330
1322 Rolls of Parl. III. 363 Escheqirs..ove tres peirs meines de cristall, et tables de ivoir, ove la meine d'ivoire et d'eban.]
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 3195 Þe cheker þai oxy & þe meyne.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 11154 Meyne of þe chekere, With drauhtes quante of knyght & roke.
c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 609/41 Scaccus, the meny of the cheker.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 1733 (MED) The Ches was al of yvery, the meyne fressh & newe.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 362 (MED) The pownes and all the other meyne were golde and yvory.
†4. A group of people employed together or united by a common purpose; an army, a ship's crew, a congregation, etc. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3405 (MED) Mo þan v hundred þar þay sloȝe of þat foule maynee [sc. the Saracen army].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 17288 + 440 Ȝit apon þe same day he schewd to þis menȝe.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 1581 (MED) Þere was [read nas] Shippis meyne..That myȝte a-bate of the Shipp þe þiknes of a skale.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 375 Of archeris a gret menȝhe Assemblit.
a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 22 (MED) Robert Steuenes-son spake to his felaws and to his meigne on this wise.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 5243 Mony fallyn were fey of þe fell grekes, But mo of the meny, þat mellit hom with.
1598 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 247 To requyre the Burgesses in his Ward to mete a meny of honest Burgesses.
5.
a. A crowd of people; (depreciative) a rabble. Also: the populace, the masses. Now Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun]
folkc888
peoplea1325
frapec1330
commona1350
common peoplea1382
commonsa1382
commontya1387
communityc1400
meiniec1400
commonaltya1425
commonsa1500
vulgarsa1513
many1526
meinie1532
multitude1535
the many-headed beast (also monster)1537
number1542
ignobility1546
commonitya1550
popular1554
populace1572
popularya1578
vulgarity?1577
populacya1583
rout1589
the vulgar1590
plebs1591
mobile vulgusc1599
popularity1599
ignoble1603
the million1604
plebe1612
plebeity1614
the common filea1616
the herda1616
civils1644
commonality1649
democracy1656
menu1658
mobile1676
crowd1683
vulgusa1687
mob1691
Pimlico parliament?1774
citizenry1795
polloi1803
demos1831
many-headed1836
hoi polloi1837
the masses1837
citizenhood1843
John Q.1922
wimble-wamble1937
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered
weredc725
trumec893
thrumOE
wharfOE
flockOE
farec1275
lithc1275
ferd1297
companyc1300
flotec1300
routc1300
rowc1300
turbc1330
body1340
numberc1350
congregation1382
presencec1390
meiniec1400
storec1400
sum1400
manya1425
collegec1430
peoplec1449
schoola1450
turm1483
catervea1492
garrison?a1513
shoal1579
troop1584
bevy1604
roast1608
horde1613
gross1617
rhapsody1654
sortment1710
tribe1715
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 514 (MED) No more nel I never wary Alle þe mukel mayny [on] molde for no mannez synnez.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 84 (MED) Lord, whills ve with þis menyhe meve, Mon never myrthe be vs emange.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 121 A grete meneyay of pylgrams.
1529 J. Skelton Dethe Erle Northumberland 46 A mayny of rude villayns made hym for to blede.
?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Eviv A meanye of rascall and euyll disposed people.
1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. iv. xii. f. ccxxxv Mayster Masker and all the mayny of them.
1615 J. Day Festivals sig. ¶2v If wee account them not more Religious, then the Meyny, or Multitude are.
1640 R. Brathwait Two Lancs. Lovers 99 One, whom the rest of that miserable meniey..called Spurcina.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 78 Ane Meingzie of miscontentit puritanes.
1788 A. Shirrefs Poems (1790) 346 What gart you pit them [sc. critics] in my head? That menzie, Sir, are a' my dread.
1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 140 The meikle menzie on ilk side Did break in twa.
1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xviii. 133 Wi' a' this mengyie o' shirras, and lawyers an' constables.
1929 Banffshire Jrnl. 1 Oct. 2 Man, I wis like a wull craitur in yon menjie o' wimmen.
1970 J. Wain Winter in Hills iv. 361 A speech was now made by McAlister, the Scotch poet in whose ostensible support this meinie was assembled.
†b. (Common) people. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun]
folkc888
peoplea1325
frapec1330
commona1350
common peoplea1382
commonsa1382
commontya1387
communityc1400
meiniec1400
commonaltya1425
commonsa1500
vulgarsa1513
many1526
meinie1532
multitude1535
the many-headed beast (also monster)1537
number1542
ignobility1546
commonitya1550
popular1554
populace1572
popularya1578
vulgarity?1577
populacya1583
rout1589
the vulgar1590
plebs1591
mobile vulgusc1599
popularity1599
ignoble1603
the million1604
plebe1612
plebeity1614
the common filea1616
the herda1616
civils1644
commonality1649
democracy1656
menu1658
mobile1676
crowd1683
vulgusa1687
mob1691
Pimlico parliament?1774
citizenry1795
polloi1803
demos1831
many-headed1836
hoi polloi1837
the masses1837
citizenhood1843
John Q.1922
wimble-wamble1937
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxii Not withstandynge that in the contrary helden moche comune meyny.
6. A considerable number or collection of items. Now Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > large or numerous
legiona1325
rout?c1335
multitudec1350
thrave1377
cloudc1384
schoola1450
meiniec1450
throng1538
ruckc1540
multitudine1547
swarm1548
regiment1575
armya1586
volley1595
pile1596
battalion1603
wood1608
host1613
armada1622
crowd1628
battalia1653
squadron1668
raffa1677
smytrie1786
raft1821
squash1884
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 294 A grete meneya of palme-levis.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 244/2 Meny of plantes, plantaige.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 721/1 As thoughe there were a menye of brokes [Fr. vng tas de ruisseaux] had their springes there.
a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1782) ii. 60 For mony a menzie o' destructive ills.
1896 J. M. Barrie Margaret Ogilvy iv. 76 You get no common beef at clubs; there is a manzy of different things all sauced up to be unlike themsels.
1918 M. Symon Wir Roup 1 An' sic a menge! Cairns o' this, An' cairns o' that, nae mous!
7. A herd, flock, etc., of animals. Now Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > herd or flock
herda1000
flockc1200
routc1300
flowinga1382
rabblec1400
meinie1481
many1579
school?1590
plump1591
charm1801
band1824
mob1828
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 93 I sawe neuer a fowler meyne, they [sc. the ape and its young] laye on fowle heye whiche was al be pyssed.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope vi. ix. 204 Ones amonge a grete meyny of ghees and cranes [a labourer] took a pyelarge.
1522 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte 292 They wolde Rynne away and crepe, Lyke a mayny of shepe.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 475/1 They can no more skyll of it than a meany of oxen.
1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 12v You are muche more worthe than a great meignye of sparrowes.
a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 167 Menzies o' moths an' flaes.
1876 S. Smiles Life Sc. Naturalist v. 80 He still managed to attend to his garden and his ‘family’, as his mother termed his maingie of beasts.
1934 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Sc. Scene 176 Fluently and vividly he could aye efter describe The forms, and habits o' a' the immense Maingie o' animals he saw—an incredible tribe!
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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