单词 | marmot |
释义 | marmotn. 1. a. Any of several burrowing colonial rodents of the genus Marmota, which are among the largest members of the squirrel family ( Sciuridae) and are found chiefly on high grassland in North America, Europe, and Asia. Also (now rare) with distinguishing word: any of several species of related genera, esp. Spermophilus and Cynomys (see pouched marmot n. at pouched adj. Compounds 2; prairie marmot n. at prairie n. Compounds 2), or more distantly related mammals resembling true marmots (see Lapland marmot n. at Lapland n. Compounds, Cape marmot at cape n.3 Compounds 1a).Marmots include the woodchuck (or groundhog), the bobac, the whistler (or siffleur), and the tarbagan. Alpine, hoary, whistling, yellow-bellied marmot, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Marmota > marmota marmota (marmot) mouse of the mountain?1583 mountain-mouse1599 marmottane1601 Alpine mouse1607 marmot1607 mountain rat1659 Alpine marmot1771 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 522 Scaliger describeth them in this manner, a Marmot (saith he, for so he tearmeth an Alpine mouse in French) is a Beast about the bignesse of a Badger. 1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. §iii, in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) A marmot, or mountain Ratt. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) ii. 113 The Marmotto, or Mus Alpinus, a Creature as big or bigger than a Rabbet, which absconds all Winter. 1747 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds II. 104 The Monax, or Marmotte, of America. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Marmotte, Marmotta, the mountain rat, a creature very common in many parts of Europe. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 495 Mice, maramottos, and wild~fowl are their favourite dishes. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 38 The Marmout [1776 Marmot] is..almost as big as an hare, but it is more corpulent than a cat, and has shorter legs. 1824 J. Richardson in W. E. Parry Jrnl. 2nd Voy. Discov. N.W. Passage 314 We know nothing..whether they are true marmots or spermophiles. 1849 Sketches Nat. Hist.: Mammalia IV. 20 The true marmots [have] no cheek-pouches. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xv. 259 The prairie dog or marmot. 1884 Standard Nat. Hist. V. 122 The marmots proper, wood chucks or ground-hogs are the largest and heaviest of the family [Sciuridae]. 1937 W. J. Phillips & F. Niven Colour in Canad. Rockies iii. 32 Then again..came the warning of our arrival in the domain of marmots. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xx. 263 In Tibet the marmot has been the primary source of infection in several outbreaks [of plague]. 1976 D. Blood Rocky Mountain Wildlife i. ii. 114 Ground squirrels and marmots in true hibernation respond very slowly to handling. 1993 J. Dickey To White Sea 16 Stillness is a big thing with rabbits and marmots. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > [noun] > order Hyracoidea or genus Procavia > procavia syriaca (daman) cherogrila1425 cirogrillea1425 daman1738 marmot of the Cape1780 rock badger1780 das1786 dassie1814 dassy1846 klipdas1853 1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular IV. 348 The Marmot of the Cape of Good Hope... M. Pallas described it under the name of Cavia Capensis, and M. Vosmaer under that of the Bastard African Marmot. 1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular IV. 349 We shall adopt the name of the Marmot of the Cape. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 417/2 Kolbe appears to be the first modern author who has noticed the Hyrax of the Cape; and he mentions it as a Marmot, a name adopted by Vosmaer and Buffon. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. ii. 122 The Daman of the Cape (Hyrax Capensis),..commonly called..Marmot of the Cape. c. The fur or skin of a marmot. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [adjective] > made of specific fur or pelt miniverc1400 ostrich skin1494 budgy1598 sealskinned1599 sealskin1769 leopard1772 marmot1865 leopard skin1895 monkeyc1896 nutria1920 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > other pelts or furs fawa1200 ruskin1278 grisa1300 grover1310 letticea1399 cristy gray1404 pured?1435 watermail1489 cesil1492 callyvanc1524 wolverine1596 moleskin1652 flix1667 skunk1791 lion-skin1805 nutria1811 chinchilla1824 Alaska sable1869 fisher1879 monkeyc1896 marmot1911 tarbagan1928 1865 Visct. Milton & W. B. Cheadle N.-W. Passage by Land xiii. 241 They [sc. Shuswap Indians] were clothed merely in a shirt and marmot robe, their legs and feet being naked. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XI. 355/2 Marmot, dyed... Sold as mink or sable. 1988 D. Vernon Tiller's Girls 95 My friend had a leopard skin [coat] and I had a coney seal with a mink marmot collar. 2. In extended use: a style of headgear for women (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > other toilet cap1660 rain cap1827 smoking-cap1841 bathing-cap1867 marmot1877 scrum cap1896 ski-cap1937 1877 E. Creer Lessons in Hairdressing Gloss. 93 Marmotte, Woman's head-dress formed of a handkerchief tied round the head. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 22 July 3/3 The newest bathing cap is ‘the marmotte’..fastening in a knot on the forehead. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 31 July 3/2 The silk caps are a little more varied in shape; one sees the tammie and the marmot. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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