marmotn.

Brit.

/ˈmɑːmət/, U.S.

/ˈmɑrmət/

Forms: 1600s– marmot, 1600s–1700s maramotto, 1700s marmotta, 1700s marmotto, 1700s marmout (irregular), 1700s– marmotte.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French marmotte, marmot.

Etymology: < French marmotte (12th cent. in Old French; also Middle French marmot (masculine), c1572; 15th cent. in texts from Namur), further etymology disputed (see below). In sense 2 < French marmotte, the name of a popular hairstyle for women (1800, perhaps so called because worn by exhibitors of marmots called in the 18th cent. by metonymy marmottes, or perhaps because of a supposed resemblance between prominent points in this hairstyle and the ears or incisors of the marmot), hence, headscarf knotted on the forehead or under the chin (1866), and similarly as the name of various forms of headdress in French regional use.Old French marmotte is perhaps (as explained in Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch s.v.) < a Gallo-Romance base *marm- to murmur, to mumble (ultimately imitative in origin; compare probable cognates marmoset and marmot s.v. marmoset n.; perhaps related to the Indo-European base of murmur v.; compare possible cognates in mar- listed s.v.) + -otte , variant of -ot -ot suffix, and so called probably on account of the sound made by the marmot when eating. Probably cognate with Old French marmotte is Italian marmotta (14th cent.), while Spanish marmota and Portuguese marmota are probably borrowings < French. If this etymology is correct, post-classical Latin mus montanus marmot (5th cent. in Polemius Silvius) probably represents a Latinization of a Gallo-Romance form, and Romansh (Obwalden) murmont probably results from a similar Latinization. Alternatively, the Gallo-Romance forms have elsewhere been explained as arising from post-classical Latin mus montanus , rather than from an independent base. Old High German murmunto , murmuntīn , only attested from Swiss sources, is probably < the Romansh form or a cognate; compare also Middle High German mürmendīn , German regional (Bavaria and Lucerne) Murmentel , Murmetli , and (after Tier animal: see deer n.) Middle High German murmeltir, murmurtier (14th cent.; German Murmeltier). The German word has derivatives in the Scandinavian languages and in Dutch.

a. Any of several burrowing colonial rodents of the genus Marmota, which are among the largest members of the squirrel family ( Sciuridae) and are found chiefly on high grassland in North America, Europe, and Asia. Also (now rare) with distinguishing word: any of several species of related genera, esp. Spermophilus and Cynomys (see pouched marmot n. at pouched adj. Compounds 2; prairie marmot n. at prairie n. Compounds 2), or more distantly related mammals resembling true marmots (see Lapland marmot n. at Lapland n. Compounds, Cape marmot at cape n.³ Compounds 1a).Marmots include the woodchuck (or groundhog), the bobac, the whistler (or siffleur), and the tarbagan. Alpine, hoary, whistling, yellow-bellied marmot, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Marmota > marmota marmota (marmot)

mouse of the mountain?1583

mountain-mouse1599

marmottane1601

Alpine mouse1607

marmot1607

mountain rat1659

Alpine marmot1771

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 522 Scaliger describeth them in this manner, a Marmot (saith he, for so he tearmeth an Alpine mouse in French) is a Beast about the bignesse of a Badger.

1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. §iii, in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) A marmot, or mountain Ratt.

1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) ii. 113 The Marmotto, or Mus Alpinus, a Creature as big or bigger than a Rabbet, which absconds all Winter.

1747 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds II. 104 The Monax, or Marmotte, of America.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Marmotte, Marmotta, the mountain rat, a creature very common in many parts of Europe.

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 495 Mice, maramottos, and wild~fowl are their favourite dishes.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 38 The Marmout [1776 Marmot] is..almost as big as an hare, but it is more corpulent than a cat, and has shorter legs.

1824 J. Richardson in W. E. Parry Jrnl. 2nd Voy. Discov. N.W. Passage 314 We know nothing..whether they are true marmots or spermophiles.

1849 Sketches Nat. Hist.: Mammalia IV. 20 The true marmots [have] no cheek-pouches.

1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xv. 259 The prairie dog or marmot.

1884 Standard Nat. Hist. V. 122 The marmots proper, wood chucks or ground-hogs are the largest and heaviest of the family [Sciuridae].

1937 W. J. Phillips & F. Niven Colour in Canad. Rockies iii. 32 Then again..came the warning of our arrival in the domain of marmots.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xx. 263 In Tibet the marmot has been the primary source of infection in several outbreaks [of plague].

1976 D. Blood Rocky Mountain Wildlife i. ii. 114 Ground squirrels and marmots in true hibernation respond very slowly to handling.

1993 J. Dickey To White Sea 16 Stillness is a big thing with rabbits and marmots.

†b. marmot of the Cape n. [after French marmotte du Cap (de Bonne-Espérance) (in Buffon Hist. nat.: Suppl. (1776) 177, 178); compare scientific Latin Marmota capensis (C. P. Thunberg Trav. in Europe, Africa & Asia (1795) I. 263).] the hyrax Procavia capensis. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > [noun] > order Hyracoidea or genus Procavia > procavia syriaca (daman)

cherogrila1425

cirogrillea1425

daman1738

marmot of the Cape1780

rock badger1780

das1786

dassie1814

dassy1846

klipdas1853

1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular IV. 348 The Marmot of the Cape of Good Hope... M. Pallas described it under the name of Cavia Capensis, and M. Vosmaer under that of the Bastard African Marmot.

1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular IV. 349 We shall adopt the name of the Marmot of the Cape.

1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 417/2 Kolbe appears to be the first modern author who has noticed the Hyrax of the Cape; and he mentions it as a Marmot, a name adopted by Vosmaer and Buffon.

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. ii. 122 The Daman of the Cape (Hyrax Capensis),..commonly called..Marmot of the Cape.

c. The fur or skin of a marmot. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [adjective] > made of specific fur or pelt

miniverc1400

ostrich skin1494

budgy1598

sealskinned1599

sealskin1769

leopard1772

marmot1865

leopard skin1895

monkeyc1896

nutria1920

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > other pelts or furs

fawa1200

ruskin1278

grisa1300

grover1310

letticea1399

cristy gray1404

pured?1435

watermail1489

cesil1492

callyvanc1524

wolverine1596

moleskin1652

flix1667

skunk1791

lion-skin1805

nutria1811

chinchilla1824

Alaska sable1869

fisher1879

monkeyc1896

marmot1911

tarbagan1928

1865 Visct. Milton & W. B. Cheadle N.-W. Passage by Land xiii. 241 They [sc. Shuswap Indians] were clothed merely in a shirt and marmot robe, their legs and feet being naked.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XI. 355/2 Marmot, dyed... Sold as mink or sable.

1988 D. Vernon Tiller's Girls 95 My friend had a leopard skin [coat] and I had a coney seal with a mink marmot collar.

2. In extended use: a style of headgear for women (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > other

toilet cap1660

rain cap1827

smoking-cap1841

bathing-cap1867

marmot1877

scrum cap1896

ski-cap1937

1877 E. Creer Lessons in Hairdressing Gloss. 93 Marmotte, Woman's head-dress formed of a handkerchief tied round the head.

1897 Westm. Gaz. 22 July 3/3 The newest bathing cap is ‘the marmotte’..fastening in a knot on the forehead.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 31 July 3/2 The silk caps are a little more varied in shape; one sees the tammie and the marmot.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	marmot
释义	marmotn. Brit. /ˈmɑːmət/, U.S. /ˈmɑrmət/ Forms: 1600s– marmot, 1600s–1700s maramotto, 1700s marmotta, 1700s marmotto, 1700s marmout (irregular), 1700s– marmotte. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French marmotte, marmot. Etymology: < French marmotte (12th cent. in Old French; also Middle French marmot (masculine), c1572; 15th cent. in texts from Namur), further etymology disputed (see below). In sense 2 < French marmotte, the name of a popular hairstyle for women (1800, perhaps so called because worn by exhibitors of marmots called in the 18th cent. by metonymy marmottes, or perhaps because of a supposed resemblance between prominent points in this hairstyle and the ears or incisors of the marmot), hence, headscarf knotted on the forehead or under the chin (1866), and similarly as the name of various forms of headdress in French regional use.Old French marmotte is perhaps (as explained in Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch s.v.) < a Gallo-Romance base marm- to murmur, to mumble (ultimately imitative in origin; compare probable cognates marmoset* and marmot s.v. marmoset n.; perhaps related to the Indo-European base of murmur v.; compare possible cognates in mar- listed s.v.) + -otte , variant of -ot -ot suffix, and so called probably on account of the sound made by the marmot when eating. Probably cognate with Old French marmotte is Italian marmotta (14th cent.), while Spanish marmota and Portuguese marmota are probably borrowings < French. If this etymology is correct, post-classical Latin mus montanus marmot (5th cent. in Polemius Silvius) probably represents a Latinization of a Gallo-Romance form, and Romansh (Obwalden) murmont probably results from a similar Latinization. Alternatively, the Gallo-Romance forms have elsewhere been explained as arising from post-classical Latin mus montanus , rather than from an independent base. Old High German murmunto , murmuntīn , only attested from Swiss sources, is probably < the Romansh form or a cognate; compare also Middle High German mürmendīn , German regional (Bavaria and Lucerne) Murmentel , Murmetli , and (after Tier animal: see deer n.) Middle High German murmeltir, murmurtier (14th cent.; German Murmeltier). The German word has derivatives in the Scandinavian languages and in Dutch. 1. a. Any of several burrowing colonial rodents of the genus Marmota, which are among the largest members of the squirrel family ( Sciuridae) and are found chiefly on high grassland in North America, Europe, and Asia. Also (now rare) with distinguishing word: any of several species of related genera, esp. Spermophilus and Cynomys (see pouched marmot n. at pouched adj. Compounds 2; prairie marmot n. at prairie n. Compounds 2), or more distantly related mammals resembling true marmots (see Lapland marmot n. at Lapland n. Compounds, Cape marmot at cape n.³ Compounds 1a).Marmots include the woodchuck (or groundhog), the bobac, the whistler (or siffleur), and the tarbagan. Alpine, hoary, whistling, yellow-bellied marmot, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Marmota > marmota marmota (marmot) mouse of the mountain?1583 mountain-mouse1599 marmottane1601 Alpine mouse1607 marmot1607 mountain rat1659 Alpine marmot1771 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 522 Scaliger describeth them in this manner, a Marmot (saith he, for so he tearmeth an Alpine mouse in French) is a Beast about the bignesse of a Badger. 1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. §iii, in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) A marmot, or mountain Ratt. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) ii. 113 The Marmotto, or Mus Alpinus, a Creature as big or bigger than a Rabbet, which absconds all Winter. 1747 G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds II. 104 The Monax, or Marmotte, of America. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Marmotte, Marmotta, the mountain rat, a creature very common in many parts of Europe. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 495 Mice, maramottos, and wild~fowl are their favourite dishes. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 38 The Marmout [1776 Marmot] is..almost as big as an hare, but it is more corpulent than a cat, and has shorter legs. 1824 J. Richardson in W. E. Parry Jrnl. 2nd Voy. Discov. N.W. Passage 314 We know nothing..whether they are true marmots or spermophiles. 1849 Sketches Nat. Hist.: Mammalia IV. 20 The true marmots [have] no cheek-pouches. 1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xv. 259 The prairie dog or marmot. 1884 Standard Nat. Hist. V. 122 The marmots proper, wood chucks or ground-hogs are the largest and heaviest of the family [Sciuridae]. 1937 W. J. Phillips & F. Niven Colour in Canad. Rockies iii. 32 Then again..came the warning of our arrival in the domain of marmots. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xx. 263 In Tibet the marmot has been the primary source of infection in several outbreaks [of plague]. 1976 D. Blood Rocky Mountain Wildlife i. ii. 114 Ground squirrels and marmots in true hibernation respond very slowly to handling. 1993 J. Dickey To White Sea 16 Stillness is a big thing with rabbits and marmots. †b. marmot of the Cape n. [after French marmotte du Cap (de Bonne-Espérance) (in Buffon Hist. nat.: Suppl. (1776) 177, 178); compare scientific Latin Marmota capensis (C. P. Thunberg Trav. in Europe, Africa & Asia (1795) I. 263).] the hyrax Procavia capensis. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > [noun] > order Hyracoidea or genus Procavia > procavia syriaca (daman) cherogrila1425 cirogrillea1425 daman1738 marmot of the Cape1780 rock badger1780 das1786 dassie1814 dassy1846 klipdas1853 1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular IV. 348 The Marmot of the Cape of Good Hope... M. Pallas described it under the name of Cavia Capensis, and M. Vosmaer under that of the Bastard African Marmot. 1780 W. Smellie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular IV. 349 We shall adopt the name of the Marmot of the Cape. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 417/2 Kolbe appears to be the first modern author who has noticed the Hyrax of the Cape; and he mentions it as a Marmot, a name adopted by Vosmaer and Buffon. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. ii. 122 The Daman of the Cape (Hyrax Capensis),..commonly called..Marmot of the Cape. c. The fur or skin of a marmot. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [adjective] > made of specific fur or pelt miniverc1400 ostrich skin1494 budgy1598 sealskinned1599 sealskin1769 leopard1772 marmot1865 leopard skin1895 monkeyc1896 nutria1920 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > other pelts or furs fawa1200 ruskin1278 grisa1300 grover1310 letticea1399 cristy gray1404 pured?1435 watermail1489 cesil1492 callyvanc1524 wolverine1596 moleskin1652 flix1667 skunk1791 lion-skin1805 nutria1811 chinchilla1824 Alaska sable1869 fisher1879 monkeyc1896 marmot1911 tarbagan1928 1865 Visct. Milton & W. B. Cheadle N.-W. Passage by Land xiii. 241 They [sc. Shuswap Indians] were clothed merely in a shirt and marmot robe, their legs and feet being naked. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XI. 355/2 Marmot, dyed... Sold as mink or sable. 1988 D. Vernon Tiller's Girls 95 My friend had a leopard skin [coat] and I had a coney seal with a mink marmot collar. 2. In extended use: a style of headgear for women (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > other toilet cap1660 rain cap1827 smoking-cap1841 bathing-cap1867 marmot1877 scrum cap1896 ski-cap1937 1877 E. Creer Lessons in Hairdressing Gloss. 93 Marmotte, Woman's head-dress formed of a handkerchief tied round the head. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 22 July 3/3 The newest bathing cap is ‘the marmotte’..fastening in a knot on the forehead. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 31 July 3/2 The silk caps are a little more varied in shape; one sees the tammie and the marmot. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1607
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