masculineadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈmaskjᵿlɪn/, U.S.

/ˈmæskjələn/

Forms: Middle English masclyn, Middle English masclyne, Middle English–1500s masculyn, Middle English–1600s masculin, Middle English–1600s masculyne, Middle English– masculine, 1600s masculen, 1600s maskuline.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French masculin; Latin masculīnus.

Etymology: < Middle French, French masculin (13th cent. in Old French; 1550 as a grammatical term, as adjective and noun) and its etymon classical Latin masculīnus male, of masculine grammatical gender < masculus (see male adj.) + -īnus -ine suffix¹.With sense A. 2 compare French rime masculine (1690, although compare quot. a1586 at sense A. 2), vers masculin (1690). Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in senses A. 1 and B. 1; sometimes in apparently indeclinable form masculinum) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 18 De Generibvs... Æfter gecynde syndon twa cyn on namum, mascvlinvm and femininvm, þæt is, werlic and wiflic.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 29 Þa oðre naman þissere geendunge..maciað mascvlinvm on us and femininvm on a and nevtrvm on um.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 281 Duo twegen gebyriað to mascvlinvm and to nevtrvm, duae twa to femininvm.In Ælfric's usage in plural use as noun (in sense ‘masculine noun’) perhaps even taking on the character of a partially assimilated borrowing (with Old English dative plural case ending):OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 26 Ða naman cumað of ðam masculinum, þe nabbað nanne neutrum: haec anima þeos sawul, his animabus ðisum sawlum.., for ðam gesceade, þæt hi næron gelice þam masculinum, þe hi of cumað.

A. adj.

I. In language.

1. Grammar. Designating the gender to which the majority of words denoting male people and animals belong. Of a word: belonging to this gender. Of a suffix, inflection, etc.: used with, or in forming, words of this gender.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [adjective] > masculine

masculinec1390

masc.1598

c1390 (?c1350) St. Theodora 110 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 36 (MED) Hire name þat was femynyn Of gendre, heo turned in to masculyn, Theodora hire name was..But Theodorus..seide heo.

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 33 How many gendres be in a noun? Seuene, videlicet masculin, femynyn, neutre [etc.].

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 24 A substantive of the masculyne gender.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. ix. 128 Hee can shew it, to bee the Masculine Gender, because in wordes of three terminations, the first is the Masculine, the second the Feminine, the third is the Neuter.

1755 Philos. Trans. 1754 (Royal Soc.) 48 702 The Syriac..Zenobia..consequently must be looked upon as a masculine proper name.

1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 24 To substantives belong gender, number, and case... Gender is the distinction of sex. There are three genders, the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter.

1875 Expositor 171 Sun and sea and streams had, in the infancy of the world, masculine and feminine names.

1911 J. R. Swanton Indian Tribes Lower Mississippi (Bureau Amer. Ethnol.) 19 The method of distinguishing masculine and feminine pronominal forms is also decidedly unlike, Taënsa employing a suffix while Tunica uses entirely distinct forms.

1980 Amer. Speech 55 90 ‘Le crabmeat cocktail’ is well-formed in that cocktail has been borrowed into French as a masculine noun.

2. Prosody. Of a rhyme: occurring between lines ending in a stressed syllable; esp. in masculine rhyme. Cf. male adj. 4, feminine rhyme n. at feminine adj. and n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhyme > [noun] > masculine rhyme

masculine rhymea1586

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. L2^v Euen the very ryme it selfe, the Italian cannot put in the last silable, by the French named the Masculine ryme.

1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles ii. i. 176 In any Rime Masculine, Feminine, Or Sdruciolla [printed Sdrnciolla].

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Rhyme Masculine Rhymes are those of all other Words [than such as end with an e mute].

1844 C. Beck & C. C. Felton tr. E. Munk Metres Greeks & Romans 27 The former close, because it terminates in a thesis, and is on that account, less forcible, is called feminine, the latter, masculine.

1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1871) 201 The verses of the first [stanza] have all of them masculine rhymes.

1891 J. C. Parsons Eng. Versif. 44 Rhyme between final syllables is called single or masculine rhyme.

1987 Shakespeare Q. 38 314 In combination with the stressed syllable preceding it, that final unstressed syllable forms a kind of rhyme that, employing terminology used in Shakespeare's era, we continue to call feminine rhyme... The ‘addition’ of that syllable converts what is masculine rhyme in the typical ‘Shakespearean’ sonnet into feminine rhyme in this one.

II. General uses relating to physical gender.

a. Of sex: male. Of a person or animal: belonging to the male sex; male.Now largely superseded by male.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > sex and gender > male > [adjective]

malea1382

masclea1425

masculinec1425

mankind1479

menskins1534

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 3795 Vn-to þe men þe childe..is sent Ȝif þat it be of kynde masculyn, And ȝif it..be femynyn With þe wommen abide..it shal.

1474 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 142 (MED) To Thomas my son, and to his heyres of the masculine gender of his body lawfully begoten.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) iv. vii. 91 Yf a woman that is with a chylde masculyn [a1398 BL Add. knaue childe] be sodenly callyd, she meuyth first the ryght fote.

1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xlv Yf the ryght breste slake or flagge, the masculyne or male byrth is in parel: yf the left, the female byrth.

1604 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 432 The lord shall haue his best oxe or cowe and all his masculen horses.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 17 Pat. Male varlot you rogue whats that. The. Why his masculine whore.

1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle ii. D Could any Masculine flatterer on earth So far bewitch thee, to forget thy selfe, As now to leaue me?

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 55 The Masculine, or male Goat.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2348/1 God Almighty, as we hope and pray, will grant You an Heir Masculine of your Body.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. vi. 118 The masculine sex was too noble to be employed in those acts of personal servitude, which, in all early periods of society, were uniformly imposed on the female.

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. ii. 21 The masculine inhabitants of the village..gathered round the spot, and appeared inclined to negotiate for a partner.

1938 Manch. Guardian Weekly 21 Oct. Suppl. p. i/3 There was little hope that..a..news flash would break in..but her voice all at once receded. ‘Flash!’ a masculine announcer put in.

1961 M. F. A. Montagu Genetic Mechanisms in Human Dis. xii. 113 Completely masculinised genetic females are almost common, forming something like 1 in 40 of the masculine population.

1991 L. Faderman Odd Girls & Twilight Lovers i. 21 A masculine colleague of mine looked around the office in a rather critical state of mind.

†b. Designating the male gametes of a plant or animal; = male adj. 1e. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > [adjective] > characterized by parts or form > characterized by sex of flowers

malea1398

masculinea1550

androgynous1739

polygamous1757

monoecious1761

polygamious1761

monoicous1822

monoclinous1828

monoecian1828

trigamous1842

hermaphrodite1854

triœcious1860

monoecious1861

synœcious1863

synoicous1863

autoicous1875

andro-diœcious1877

andromonœcious1877

gynodioecious1877

gynomonoecious1877

monoicous1877

autoecious1896

monoclinian1900

a1550 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 90 Then is the Marriage perfect..; And ye maie trewly know..How the seminall seed Masculine, Hath wrought and won the Victory, Upon the menstrualls worthily.

1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 187 In Both [the shell and membranes of eggs], the Parts of the Embryo are designed and drawn out, before the Eg [sic] has been at all affected by the Masculine-Seed.

1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 1284 A Microscope..might have..confirmed it, if those Animalcula are to be found in it, which are in the Masculine Sperm of Fish, and other living Creatures.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 80 The Flowers serve to cherish..the masculine or prolifick Seed contained in the chives or apices of the stamina.

1699 T. Leeuvenhoek in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 303 We know that the small Animals in the Masculine Seed of the Frog, have no Similitude at all, with them that come out of the Eggs of the Frog, and..they have no Similitude at all with these, we find in the Masculine Seed of a Man.

a. Designating an object deemed to be of the male sex on the basis of some quality, such as strength or activity, esp. as contrasted with a corresponding object deemed female.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being better or superior > [adjective]

bettereOE

selerOE

betc1175

greaterc1325

unmeeta1393

masculinec1425

above one's matchc1500

superior?c1550

uppera1586

precedent1598

supereminent1599

empyreal1641

prerogative1646

paramount1654

subalternating1671

racy1675

ranking1847

plus1860

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > planet > masculine

masculine1601

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [adjective] > type of sign

obedienta1393

tortuousc1400

ruminant1633

mute1658

masculine1696

mutable1928

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 4493 (MED) Þe whiche signe and constellacioun Is to Mercurie hous and mansioun, And is of kynde mene & masculyn.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V6 The one [sc. the triangle] imperfect, mortall, fœminine, Th'other [sc. the circle] immortall, perfect, masculine.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 44 Wee haue been taught, that this Planet [sc. the Sun] is Masculine, frying and sucking vp the humidity of all things.

1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 82 The Adamant is Masculine unto his beloved the Iron and Steele, and these are Feminine.

1650 J. Poole Country Astrol. 13 When they [sc. the Planets] be in signes and degrees..masculine, they be feminine.

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Materials i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Yy4 The other fæminine or black [Mandrake]..beares Apples like the masculine, but lesser and lutrously pallescent.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Masculine Planets or Signs, are those which excel in active Qualities, that is, Heat and Coldness.

1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 285 Fortunately all the masculine planets are diurnal.

1938 Amer. Home Oct. 102/4 The Doric with its suave, fluted columns..being generally regarded as masculine, and the Ionic feminine, due to graceful curves in column and voluted capitals.

1973 T. Pynchon Gravity's Rainbow iv. 753 Some Sephiroth are active or masculine, others passive or feminine.

†b. Designating a small, early-ripening variety of apricot. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [adjective] > of types of stone-fruit

Persic1599

masculine1629

plummy1724

freestone1828

cling1845

ber1860

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole iii. xiv. 579 The Mascoline Apricocke hath a finer greene leafe.

1718 J. Laurence Fruit-garden Kal. 78 The latter end of this Month [sc. June] the Masculine Aprecot is ripe.

1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 41 Red Masculine [Apricot].

a. Of a personal attribute, an action, etc.: having a character befitting or regarded as appropriate to the male sex; vigorous, powerful. Of a man: manly, virile.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [adjective] > having manly virtues

virile1490

masculinec1550

masculous1619

c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 1064 Full corpolent he was..With masculine heart and sperit leonine.

1629 H. Burton (title) Babel no Bethel... In answer to..two masculine Champions for the Synagogue of Rome.

1639 N. N. tr. J. Du Bosc Compl. Woman i. 35 Masculine spirits very easily resist this tyrannie.

1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §89. 473/1 He proved a stout and masculine Prince.

a1704 T. Brown Ess. Eng. Satyr in Wks. (1707) I. i. 37 His Heat was Masculine, and always pointed against Vice.

1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. vii. 49 The forcible and masculine images with which the ancients strengthened their compositions.

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. iv. 36 I grew more gentle, and he more masculine.

1847 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 10 46 Whenever females are employed in masculine occupations.., female crime will prevail over that of males.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 133 I find..the whole writing of the time charged with a masculine force and freedom.

1937 W. Lewis Revenge for Love v. ii. 235 Percy tossed up a thick laugh over his head with masculine superiority.

1990 D. Peterson Dress Gray vii. 188 West Point men, in spite of their often infuriating egos, are the most masculine and virile men I have ever encountered.

†b. Of a material thing or physical quality: powerful in action, strong. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] > endowed with virtue or efficacy > having strong properties

masculine1605

potent1715

1605 B. Jonson Sejanus v. sig. K2^v Bid Our priest prepare vs Honie, Milke, and Poppie, His masculine Odours, and night vestments.

a1631 J. Donne Elegies viii, in Poet. Wks. (1929) 82 Then like the Chymicks masculine equall fire.

1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. iii. 66 [Herbes] of a more maskuline vertue than any of the same species in England.

1664 J. Beale in J. Evelyn Pomona in Sylva 29 Let the Cider be..Masculine and in full body, yet..well tasted of the Apple.

1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 66 Let this pulveriz'd Earth..be expos'd for a Summer and a Winter to the vicissitudes and changes of the seasons..you will find it will have obtain'd such a generous and masculine pregnancy,..as [etc.].

1708 Philos. Trans. 1706–07 (Royal Soc.) 25 2463 Its [sc. the water's] Taste is masculine and austere; the Smell ferruginous and strong.

1728 M. Earbery tr. T. Burnet Of State of Dead II. ix. 45 The true Fertility that brings Corn to a masculine Perfection, is in Countries far from the Equinox.

1745 Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 517 Of the red Horse-pear..he observes, ‘That it has a pleasant masculine Vigour..and hath a peculiar Quality to overcome all Blasts’.

c. Of a woman's qualities, attributes, or actions: characteristic of or befitting a man. Of a woman: possessing or exhibiting such qualities or behaviour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > woman > [adjective] > man-like woman

mannisha1425

manlyc1511

mankind1566

Amazonical1582

Amazonian1595

virago1598

manlike1605

masculine1611

viraginian1642

viraginous1667

Amazonic1782

strong-minded1843

andromorphous1865

1611 B. Jonson Catiline ii. sig. D2 Fvl. Forth with your learned Ladie: She has a wit, too? Gal. A very masculine one.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 1 The masculine women of the Low Countries vse to make voyages for trafficke.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 174 The Queen..acquitted Her self more then Woman in Her masculine resolutions.

1727 A. Pope Artimesia 139 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. Her Voice theatrically loud, And masculine her Stride.

1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women I. iii. 104 A masculine woman must be naturally an unamiable creature.

1780 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 106 Mrs. Dobson, though coarse, low bred, forward, self-sufficient & flaunting, seems to have a strong & masculine Understanding.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 279 She was a woman of masculine spirit.

1895 R. Fry Let. 15 Aug. (1972) I. 164 Miss Harrison..is very fine. She has a very masculine mind.

1988 D. Grumbach in W. Cather My Ántonia p. x Her university classmates would remember Willa Cather who was masculine, brash, and unconventionally dressed.

6. Of or relating to the male sex; associated with or peculiar to men; consisting of men.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > sex and gender > male > [adjective] > relating to

male1598

masculinea1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 248 If nothing lets to make vs happie both, But this my masculine vsurp'd attyre: [etc.] .

1616 H. Gosnold in Lismore Papers (1887) 2nd Ser. II. 20 We ioyne in our thankfull commendaccons to ye all, congratulating of your masculin increase.

a1618 W. Raleigh Prerogatiue Parl. (1628) 10 Hee was soone after slaine in Ireland, and his whole Masculine race, ten yeres extinguished.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 53 The People of the same Place..erected a Masculine Church (Women being interdicted the Entrance thereof).

1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 175 Whether at the toilette of the fair He laugh'd and trifled..Or, if in masculine debate he shar'd.

1790 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) III. 360 The genuine masculine descent of the Princes of Brunswick must be explored beyond the Alps.

1801 C. Smith Lett. Solitary Wanderer II. 317 She assumed masculine attire.

1880 H. C. Coote Eng. Gild Knights 17 That peculiar fashion of devolution which the Normans had introduced—masculine primogeniture.

1935 I. Compton-Burnett House & its Head vii. 100 Things that are no more than simply masculine, said in a company of men, might take on quite a different complexion in mixed hearing.

1992 A. Bell tr. M. Toussaint-Samat Hist. Food i. 26 When honey-hunting became beekeeping it was still a masculine occupation.

B. n.

1. Grammar. The masculine gender; a word, form, etc., of the masculine gender.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [noun] > masculine > word or form

masculinec1450

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [noun] > masculine

masculine1872

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 33 How knoweste the masculyn? For he is declynyd by hic, the femynyn by hec, [etc.].

1509 Longe Paruula (de Worde) sig. Aij The masculyn is better than the femy. or neu. & the fe. better than the neu.

1512 T. Linacre Progymnasmata Gram. Vulgaria sig. Aiv^v Possessyues..haue theyre masculynes, and neutres declyned after the secunde declynation of nownes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 67 As consile, miracle be masculynes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 70 All adjectives whose masculyn gendre endith in e, have their masculynes and femynines all one.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 114 The plurall of the Masculine is Zebaim, and of the feminine Zebaoth.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. ix. 128 In wordes of three terminations, the first is the Masculine, the second the Feminine, the third is the Neuter.

1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love sig. D2^v Our genders properly are but two: the Masculine, which we call genus portans, and the Feminine, which is genus recipiens.

1715 L. Theobald in tr. Aristophanes Clouds ii. i. 30 (note) I have made bold to shorten this Dialogue concerning Masculines and Feminines, because..our Language is not furnish'd with Equivalent Terms to make its Sense intelligible.

1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross xxiv. 170 The masculine for ‘flirt’ is cock flirt, if there be such a wretch.

1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence 83 There are three ways of distinguishing the masculine and feminine in English.

1927 Speculum 2 258 The neuters tend to become masculine... Very infrequently masculines become neuter.

1975 K. Katzner Langs. of World ii. 113 The genders [in Russian] number three,..with a different declensional pattern for each (though the neuter is similar to the masculine).

1987 Speculum 62 954 These masculines all gloss the standard medieval Latin word for one who commits suicide.

2. With the: that which is masculine; men collectively. Usually in expressed or implied antithesis with (the) feminine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > sex and gender > male > [noun] > quality or condition

masculinec1451

masculinity1571

masculineness1662

maleness1663

mascularity1817

c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 87 (MED) Now is þe tyme come þat þe welbeloued masculyne with þe welbeloued feminine schuld go oute in-to þe feld of þis world.

1541 Schole House of Women sig. Bii^v And all that euer, they may ymagyne Is to enlure, the masculyne.

1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 16 They stept back in wonder to see that beautie, which yet in the masculine they came neere to.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 87 Nature makes the Masculine perfect.

1726 C. Johnson Female Fortune-teller ii. 32 Why that's my Business; the Masculine with the Feminine, Sir, I desire to know—... I wou'd only know whether the Woman I shall marry will be Black or Brown.

1805 W. Godwin Fleetwood I. vi. 130 Her passion seemed particularly to prompt her to the bold, the intrepid and the masculine. An impudent and Amazonian stare.., a slap on the back, [etc.].

1837 L. Hunt Blue-stocking Revels iii, in Poet. Wks. (1849) 130 I hereby ordain, that in future the word Be confined to the masculine, vain, and absurd, And that all real women..Take their name from the queen of the sylvan retreats.

1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. xx. 196 Thou knowest that the masculine is worthier than the feminine, and my son is a male and our memory will be preserved by him, not by thy daughter.

1904 J. London Sea-wolf xv. 142 Wolf Larsen was the man-type, the masculine, and almost a god in his perfectness.

1990 J. Moat Firewater & Miraculous Mandarin 72 The masculine needs to know the feminine and her embodied knowledge... If an aspect of the feminine (being) is unconscious embodied knowledge, an aspect of the masculine (achieving) is conscious discernment.

1993 Insight on News 20 Sept. 19/3 An understanding of phallos protos and patrix (Jungian ways of referring to the masculine) and the feminine matrix, will be co-equal in the new age.

a. A person of the male sex, a man. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun]

churla800

werec900

rinkeOE

wapmanc950

heOE

wyeOE

gomeOE

ledeOE

seggeOE

shalkOE

manOE

carmanlOE

mother bairnc1225

hemea1250

mother sona1250

hind1297

buck1303

mister mana1325

piecec1325

groomc1330

man of mouldc1330

hathela1350

sire1362

malea1382

fellowa1393

guestc1394

sergeant?a1400

tailarda1400

tulka1400

harlotc1405

mother's sona1470

frekea1475

her1488

masculinea1500

gentlemana1513

horse?a1513

mutton?a1513

merchant1549

child1551

dick1553

sorrya1555

knavea1556

dandiprat1556

cove1567

rat1571

manling1573

bird1575

stone-horse1580

loona1586

shaver1592

slave1592

copemate1593

tit1594

dog1597

hima1599

prick1598

dingle-dangle1605

jade1608

dildoa1616

Roger1631

Johnny1648

boy1651

cod1653

cully1676

son of a bitch1697

cull1698

feller1699

chap1704

buff1708

son of a gun1708

buffer1749

codger1750

Mr1753

he-man1758

fella1778

gilla1790

gloak1795

joker1811

gory1819

covey1821

chappie1822

Charley1825

hombre1832

brother-man1839

rooster1840

blokie1841

hoss1843

Joe1846

guy1847

plug1848

chal1851

rye1851

omee1859

bloke1861

guffin1862

gadgie1865

mug1865

kerel1873

stiff1882

snoozer1884

geezer1885

josser1886

dude1895

gazabo1896

jasper1896

prairie dog1897

sport1897

crow-eater1899

papa1903

gink1906

stud1909

scout1912

head1913

beezer1914

jeff1917

pisser1918

bimbo1919

bozo1920

gee1921

mush1936

rye mush1936

basher1942

okie1943

mugger1945

cat1946

ou1949

tess1952

oke1970

bra1974

muzhik1993

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 16 (MED) Here þe circumcision..was done..vnto þe masculynes the eiȝte day fro his birthe.

1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie sig. D1 ^v The bearde in the masculyne groweth after fourteen yeares.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 265 If he had abused himselfe with a masculine..he was forced..to kill himselfe.

1739 G. Ogle Gualtherus & Griselda 107 You, the Masculine, to Labour bred.

1818 T. H. Bayly Dandies of Present 10 Ye belles! whose sweet society refines The native roughness of us masculines.

1886 E. L. Bynner Agnes Surriage xxvii. 306 I shall be ill at ease among such an array of masculines.

1890 F. W. Robinson Very Strange Family 63 She flounced out of the room and left the masculines to themselves.

1972 A. Ginsberg in J. Kerouac Visions of Cody p. xii The great betrayal of that manly America was made by the pseudo-heroic pseudo-responsible masculines of Army and Industry.

†b. In extended use: a masculine sign of the zodiac; a masculine planet. Cf. sense A. 4a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [noun] > Zodiac > sign of zodiac > other types

birth sign1566

masculine1650

1650 J. Poole Country Astrol. 13 Unfortunate also are the Planets... When they be in signes and degrees feminine, [if] they are masculines... Feminines are Venus and the Moon, Mercury and Androdgine, the other are masculines.

1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie i. 7 Of these Signs,..the masculines are fiery and aiery; the Feminines earthy and watery.

Compounds

C1.

masculine-looking adj.

ΚΠ

1850 String of Pearls 660 ‘A nice parlour to the right, sir,’ said a rather masculine-looking specimen of the fair sex in the bar.

1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 207 A..masculine-looking woman.

1972 A. Tyler Clock Winder ix. 204 The masculine-looking tangle of stray coins and matchbooks and tobacco flecks in the dashboard tray.

† masculine-spirited adj. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1683 T. Tryon Way to Health xi. 283 Neither are any [women] so..Masculine-Spirited.

C2.

masculine cadence n. Music †(a) a perfect or authentic cadence (obsolete rare); (b) a cadence in which the final chord occurs on a strong beat (cf. feminine cadence n. at feminine adj. and n. Compounds 1).

ΚΠ

1854 A. N. Johnson Pract. Instr. Harmony xlv. 158 The Germans call..the perfect cadence a ‘masculine cadence’.

1922 S. Grew Art of Player-piano vii. 44 The masculine cadence is..a rising rhythm.

1994 Leonardo Music Jrnl. 4 28 In order to facilitate a closing cadence, Brahms shifts the scansion of the phrase from the feminine..to a complete masculine cadence.

masculine caesura n. Prosody a pause which immediately follows a stressed syllable; cf. feminine caesura at feminine adj. and n. Compounds 1.

ΚΠ

1822 E. Everett tr. P. Buttmann Greek Gram. 283 The first species is called the masculine or male Cæsura.

1919 H. E. Burton in Virgil First Six Bks. Aeneid p. xix The masculine caesura is much more common than the feminine.

2001 D. Keppel-Jones Strict Metrical Trad. App. 236 Let us summarize the four most common arrangements, specifying the number of ‘robust’ variations.., since a masculine caesura caters especially to them.

† masculine-feminine n. Obsolete a woman of masculine appearance or behaviour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > woman > [noun] > man-like woman

viragoa1387

master womana1535

viragin1558

hermaphrodite1594

masculine-feminine1620

viragon1641

Amazon1758

she-man1848

gynander1888

masculinist1928

masculist1930

1620 (title) Hic Mulier: or, the man-woman: being a medicine to cure the coltish disease of the staggers in the masculine-feminines of our times.

1808 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 11 86 That masculine feminine, the late Princess Dashkoff.

† masculine frankincense n. [after classical Latin masculum tus, masculum thus] Obsolete = male incense n. at male adj. and n.¹ Compounds 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense

rechelseOE

storc1000

incensec1290

censea1382

guma1382

olibanuma1398

thus1398

frankincensea1400

frank14..

thurec1425

mascle thure?1440

olibanc1440

smoke1530

perfume1542

masculine frankincense1555

tacamahac1577

cayolac1588

masculine gum1604

candle1628

pastille1630

Spanish coal1631

incense-frank1633

thymiama1697

censery1823

punk1844

joss-stick1845

god-stick1874

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vii. f. 79 A greate barell of woodde full of moste excellente masculine frankensence.

† masculine gum n. Obsolete = masculine frankincense n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense

rechelseOE

storc1000

incensec1290

censea1382

guma1382

olibanuma1398

thus1398

frankincensea1400

frank14..

thurec1425

mascle thure?1440

olibanc1440

smoke1530

perfume1542

masculine frankincense1555

tacamahac1577

cayolac1588

masculine gum1604

candle1628

pastille1630

Spanish coal1631

incense-frank1633

thymiama1697

censery1823

punk1844

joss-stick1845

god-stick1874

1604 B. Jonson His Pt. Royall Entertainem. 616 Heere no wight, To sacrifice, saue my deuotion comes, That brings insteed of those thy Masculine gummes. My Citties heart.

† masculine hour n. Astrology Obsolete an hour ruled by a masculine planet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as > hour ruled by masculine planet

masculine hour1624

1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) i. ii. iv. vii. 148 Conradus the Emperour would not touch his new Bride, till an Astrologer had told him a masculine houre.

masculine protest n. [after German männlicher Protest (A. Adler Über den Nervèosen Charakter (1912) ii. 100)] Psychology (in Adlerian psychology) a desire for a position of superiority or domination over others in order to compensate for feelings of inferiority: see also protest n. 4d.

ΚΠ

1917 B. Glueck & J. E. Lind tr. A. Adler Neurotic Constit. iii. 100 The dynamics of the neurosis can therefore be regarded (and is often so understood by the neurotic because of its irradiation upon his psyche) as if the patient wished to change from a woman to a man. This effect yields in its most highly colored form the picture of that which I have called the ‘masculine protest’.

1937 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 2 738 The demand that woman be allowed to become the aggressor in mate selection is sometimes merely a reflection of the ‘masculine protest’ which Alfred Adler has described so fully.

1972 H. Papanek in A. M. Freedman & H. I. Kaplan Interpreting Personality iii. 127 The term ‘masculine protest’ refers to the attitude of a boy or girl who is raised in a patriarchal culture, in which the real man is respected and admired and the feminine role connotes submissiveness and immaturity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	masculine
释义	masculineadj.n. Brit. /ˈmaskjᵿlɪn/, U.S. /ˈmæskjələn/ Forms: Middle English masclyn, Middle English masclyne, Middle English–1500s masculyn, Middle English–1600s masculin, Middle English–1600s masculyne, Middle English– masculine, 1600s masculen, 1600s maskuline. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French masculin; Latin masculīnus. Etymology: < Middle French, French masculin (13th cent. in Old French; 1550 as a grammatical term, as adjective and noun) and its etymon classical Latin masculīnus male, of masculine grammatical gender < masculus (see male adj.) + -īnus -ine suffix¹.With sense A. 2 compare French rime masculine (1690, although compare quot. a1586 at sense A. 2), vers masculin (1690). Compare the following early use of the Latin word (in senses A. 1 and B. 1; sometimes in apparently indeclinable form masculinum) in an English context:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 18 De Generibvs... Æfter gecynde syndon twa cyn on namum, mascvlinvm and femininvm, þæt is, werlic and wiflic.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 29 Þa oðre naman þissere geendunge..maciað mascvlinvm on us and femininvm on a and nevtrvm on um.OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 281 Duo twegen gebyriað to mascvlinvm and to nevtrvm, duae twa to femininvm.In Ælfric's usage in plural use as noun (in sense ‘masculine noun’) perhaps even taking on the character of a partially assimilated borrowing (with Old English dative plural case ending):OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 26 Ða naman cumað of ðam masculinum, þe nabbað nanne neutrum: haec anima þeos sawul, his animabus ðisum sawlum.., for ðam gesceade, þæt hi næron gelice þam masculinum, þe hi of cumað. A. adj. I. In language. 1. Grammar. Designating the gender to which the majority of words denoting male people and animals belong. Of a word: belonging to this gender. Of a suffix, inflection, etc.: used with, or in forming, words of this gender. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [adjective] > masculine masculinec1390 masc.1598 c1390 (?c1350) St. Theodora 110 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 36 (MED) Hire name þat was femynyn Of gendre, heo turned in to masculyn, Theodora hire name was..But Theodorus..seide heo. c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 33 How many gendres be in a noun? Seuene, videlicet masculin, femynyn, neutre [etc.]. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 24 A substantive of the masculyne gender. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. ix. 128 Hee can shew it, to bee the Masculine Gender, because in wordes of three terminations, the first is the Masculine, the second the Feminine, the third is the Neuter. 1755 Philos. Trans. 1754 (Royal Soc.) 48 702 The Syriac..Zenobia..consequently must be looked upon as a masculine proper name. 1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 24 To substantives belong gender, number, and case... Gender is the distinction of sex. There are three genders, the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter. 1875 Expositor 171 Sun and sea and streams had, in the infancy of the world, masculine and feminine names. 1911 J. R. Swanton Indian Tribes Lower Mississippi (Bureau Amer. Ethnol.) 19 The method of distinguishing masculine and feminine pronominal forms is also decidedly unlike, Taënsa employing a suffix while Tunica uses entirely distinct forms. 1980 Amer. Speech 55 90 ‘Le crabmeat cocktail’ is well-formed in that cocktail has been borrowed into French as a masculine noun. 2. Prosody. Of a rhyme: occurring between lines ending in a stressed syllable; esp. in masculine rhyme. Cf. male adj. 4, feminine rhyme n. at feminine adj. and n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhyme > [noun] > masculine rhyme masculine rhymea1586 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. L2^v Euen the very ryme it selfe, the Italian cannot put in the last silable, by the French named the Masculine ryme. 1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles ii. i. 176 In any Rime Masculine, Feminine, Or Sdruciolla [printed Sdrnciolla]. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Rhyme Masculine Rhymes are those of all other Words [than such as end with an e mute]. 1844 C. Beck & C. C. Felton tr. E. Munk Metres Greeks & Romans 27 The former close, because it terminates in a thesis, and is on that account, less forcible, is called feminine, the latter, masculine. 1870 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1871) 201 The verses of the first [stanza] have all of them masculine rhymes. 1891 J. C. Parsons Eng. Versif. 44 Rhyme between final syllables is called single or masculine rhyme. 1987 Shakespeare Q. 38 314 In combination with the stressed syllable preceding it, that final unstressed syllable forms a kind of rhyme that, employing terminology used in Shakespeare's era, we continue to call feminine rhyme... The ‘addition’ of that syllable converts what is masculine rhyme in the typical ‘Shakespearean’ sonnet into feminine rhyme in this one. II. General uses relating to physical gender. 3. a. Of sex: male. Of a person or animal: belonging to the male sex; male.Now largely superseded by male. ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > male > [adjective] malea1382 masclea1425 masculinec1425 mankind1479 menskins1534 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 3795 Vn-to þe men þe childe..is sent Ȝif þat it be of kynde masculyn, And ȝif it..be femynyn With þe wommen abide..it shal. 1474 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 142 (MED) To Thomas my son, and to his heyres of the masculine gender of his body lawfully begoten. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) iv. vii. 91 Yf a woman that is with a chylde masculyn [a1398 BL Add. knaue childe] be sodenly callyd, she meuyth first the ryght fote. 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xlv Yf the ryght breste slake or flagge, the masculyne or male byrth is in parel: yf the left, the female byrth. 1604 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 432 The lord shall haue his best oxe or cowe and all his masculen horses. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 17 Pat. Male varlot you rogue whats that. The. Why his masculine whore. View more context for this quotation 1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle ii. D Could any Masculine flatterer on earth So far bewitch thee, to forget thy selfe, As now to leaue me? 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 55 The Masculine, or male Goat. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2348/1 God Almighty, as we hope and pray, will grant You an Heir Masculine of your Body. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. vi. 118 The masculine sex was too noble to be employed in those acts of personal servitude, which, in all early periods of society, were uniformly imposed on the female. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. ii. 21 The masculine inhabitants of the village..gathered round the spot, and appeared inclined to negotiate for a partner. 1938 Manch. Guardian Weekly 21 Oct. Suppl. p. i/3 There was little hope that..a..news flash would break in..but her voice all at once receded. ‘Flash!’ a masculine announcer put in. 1961 M. F. A. Montagu Genetic Mechanisms in Human Dis. xii. 113 Completely masculinised genetic females are almost common, forming something like 1 in 40 of the masculine population. 1991 L. Faderman Odd Girls & Twilight Lovers i. 21 A masculine colleague of mine looked around the office in a rather critical state of mind. †b. Designating the male gametes of a plant or animal; = male adj. 1e. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > [adjective] > characterized by parts or form > characterized by sex of flowers malea1398 masculinea1550 androgynous1739 polygamous1757 monoecious1761 polygamious1761 monoicous1822 monoclinous1828 monoecian1828 trigamous1842 hermaphrodite1854 triœcious1860 monoecious1861 synœcious1863 synoicous1863 autoicous1875 andro-diœcious1877 andromonœcious1877 gynodioecious1877 gynomonoecious1877 monoicous1877 autoecious1896 monoclinian1900 a1550 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 90 Then is the Marriage perfect..; And ye maie trewly know..How the seminall seed Masculine, Hath wrought and won the Victory, Upon the menstrualls worthily. 1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 187 In Both [the shell and membranes of eggs], the Parts of the Embryo are designed and drawn out, before the Eg [sic] has been at all affected by the Masculine-Seed. 1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 1284 A Microscope..might have..confirmed it, if those Animalcula are to be found in it, which are in the Masculine Sperm of Fish, and other living Creatures. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 80 The Flowers serve to cherish..the masculine or prolifick Seed contained in the chives or apices of the stamina. 1699 T. Leeuvenhoek in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 303 We know that the small Animals in the Masculine Seed of the Frog, have no Similitude at all, with them that come out of the Eggs of the Frog, and..they have no Similitude at all with these, we find in the Masculine Seed of a Man. 4. a. Designating an object deemed to be of the male sex on the basis of some quality, such as strength or activity, esp. as contrasted with a corresponding object deemed female. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being better or superior > [adjective] bettereOE selerOE betc1175 greaterc1325 unmeeta1393 masculinec1425 above one's matchc1500 superior?c1550 uppera1586 precedent1598 supereminent1599 empyreal1641 prerogative1646 paramount1654 subalternating1671 racy1675 ranking1847 plus1860 the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [adjective] > planet > masculine masculine1601 the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [adjective] > type of sign obedienta1393 tortuousc1400 ruminant1633 mute1658 masculine1696 mutable1928 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 4493 (MED) Þe whiche signe and constellacioun Is to Mercurie hous and mansioun, And is of kynde mene & masculyn. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ix. sig. V6 The one [sc. the triangle] imperfect, mortall, fœminine, Th'other [sc. the circle] immortall, perfect, masculine. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 44 Wee haue been taught, that this Planet [sc. the Sun] is Masculine, frying and sucking vp the humidity of all things. 1613 M. Ridley Short Treat. Magneticall Bodies 82 The Adamant is Masculine unto his beloved the Iron and Steele, and these are Feminine. 1650 J. Poole Country Astrol. 13 When they [sc. the Planets] be in signes and degrees..masculine, they be feminine. 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Materials i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Yy4 The other fæminine or black [Mandrake]..beares Apples like the masculine, but lesser and lutrously pallescent. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Masculine Planets or Signs, are those which excel in active Qualities, that is, Heat and Coldness. 1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 285 Fortunately all the masculine planets are diurnal. 1938 Amer. Home Oct. 102/4 The Doric with its suave, fluted columns..being generally regarded as masculine, and the Ionic feminine, due to graceful curves in column and voluted capitals. 1973 T. Pynchon Gravity's Rainbow iv. 753 Some Sephiroth are active or masculine, others passive or feminine. †b. Designating a small, early-ripening variety of apricot. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [adjective] > of types of stone-fruit Persic1599 masculine1629 plummy1724 freestone1828 cling1845 ber1860 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole iii. xiv. 579 The Mascoline Apricocke hath a finer greene leafe. 1718 J. Laurence Fruit-garden Kal. 78 The latter end of this Month [sc. June] the Masculine Aprecot is ripe. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 41 Red Masculine [Apricot]. 5. a. Of a personal attribute, an action, etc.: having a character befitting or regarded as appropriate to the male sex; vigorous, powerful. Of a man: manly, virile. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [adjective] > having manly virtues virile1490 masculinec1550 masculous1619 c1550 Clariodus (1830) iv. 1064 Full corpolent he was..With masculine heart and sperit leonine. 1629 H. Burton (title) Babel no Bethel... In answer to..two masculine Champions for the Synagogue of Rome. 1639 N. N. tr. J. Du Bosc Compl. Woman i. 35 Masculine spirits very easily resist this tyrannie. 1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. ii. §89. 473/1 He proved a stout and masculine Prince. a1704 T. Brown Ess. Eng. Satyr in Wks. (1707) I. i. 37 His Heat was Masculine, and always pointed against Vice. 1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. vii. 49 The forcible and masculine images with which the ancients strengthened their compositions. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. iv. 36 I grew more gentle, and he more masculine. 1847 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 10 46 Whenever females are employed in masculine occupations.., female crime will prevail over that of males. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 133 I find..the whole writing of the time charged with a masculine force and freedom. 1937 W. Lewis Revenge for Love v. ii. 235 Percy tossed up a thick laugh over his head with masculine superiority. 1990 D. Peterson Dress Gray vii. 188 West Point men, in spite of their often infuriating egos, are the most masculine and virile men I have ever encountered. †b. Of a material thing or physical quality: powerful in action, strong. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] > endowed with virtue or efficacy > having strong properties masculine1605 potent1715 1605 B. Jonson Sejanus v. sig. K2^v Bid Our priest prepare vs Honie, Milke, and Poppie, His masculine Odours, and night vestments. View more context for this quotation a1631 J. Donne Elegies viii, in Poet. Wks. (1929) 82 Then like the Chymicks masculine equall fire. 1637 T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. iii. 66 [Herbes] of a more maskuline vertue than any of the same species in England. 1664 J. Beale in J. Evelyn Pomona in Sylva 29 Let the Cider be..Masculine and in full body, yet..well tasted of the Apple. 1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 66 Let this pulveriz'd Earth..be expos'd for a Summer and a Winter to the vicissitudes and changes of the seasons..you will find it will have obtain'd such a generous and masculine pregnancy,..as [etc.]. 1708 Philos. Trans. 1706–07 (Royal Soc.) 25 2463 Its [sc. the water's] Taste is masculine and austere; the Smell ferruginous and strong. 1728 M. Earbery tr. T. Burnet Of State of Dead II. ix. 45 The true Fertility that brings Corn to a masculine Perfection, is in Countries far from the Equinox. 1745 Philos. Trans. 1744–5 (Royal Soc.) 43 517 Of the red Horse-pear..he observes, ‘That it has a pleasant masculine Vigour..and hath a peculiar Quality to overcome all Blasts’. c. Of a woman's qualities, attributes, or actions: characteristic of or befitting a man. Of a woman: possessing or exhibiting such qualities or behaviour. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > woman > [adjective] > man-like woman mannisha1425 manlyc1511 mankind1566 Amazonical1582 Amazonian1595 virago1598 manlike1605 masculine1611 viraginian1642 viraginous1667 Amazonic1782 strong-minded1843 andromorphous1865 1611 B. Jonson Catiline ii. sig. D2 Fvl. Forth with your learned Ladie: She has a wit, too? Gal. A very masculine one. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 1 The masculine women of the Low Countries vse to make voyages for trafficke. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 174 The Queen..acquitted Her self more then Woman in Her masculine resolutions. 1727 A. Pope Artimesia 139 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. Her Voice theatrically loud, And masculine her Stride. 1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women I. iii. 104 A masculine woman must be naturally an unamiable creature. 1780 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 106 Mrs. Dobson, though coarse, low bred, forward, self-sufficient & flaunting, seems to have a strong & masculine Understanding. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 279 She was a woman of masculine spirit. 1895 R. Fry Let. 15 Aug. (1972) I. 164 Miss Harrison..is very fine. She has a very masculine mind. 1988 D. Grumbach in W. Cather My Ántonia p. x Her university classmates would remember Willa Cather who was masculine, brash, and unconventionally dressed. 6. Of or relating to the male sex; associated with or peculiar to men; consisting of men. ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > male > [adjective] > relating to male1598 masculinea1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 248 If nothing lets to make vs happie both, But this my masculine vsurp'd attyre: [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1616 H. Gosnold in Lismore Papers (1887) 2nd Ser. II. 20 We ioyne in our thankfull commendaccons to ye all, congratulating of your masculin increase. a1618 W. Raleigh Prerogatiue Parl. (1628) 10 Hee was soone after slaine in Ireland, and his whole Masculine race, ten yeres extinguished. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 53 The People of the same Place..erected a Masculine Church (Women being interdicted the Entrance thereof). 1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 175 Whether at the toilette of the fair He laugh'd and trifled..Or, if in masculine debate he shar'd. 1790 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) III. 360 The genuine masculine descent of the Princes of Brunswick must be explored beyond the Alps. 1801 C. Smith Lett. Solitary Wanderer II. 317 She assumed masculine attire. 1880 H. C. Coote Eng. Gild Knights 17 That peculiar fashion of devolution which the Normans had introduced—masculine primogeniture. 1935 I. Compton-Burnett House & its Head vii. 100 Things that are no more than simply masculine, said in a company of men, might take on quite a different complexion in mixed hearing. 1992 A. Bell tr. M. Toussaint-Samat Hist. Food i. 26 When honey-hunting became beekeeping it was still a masculine occupation. B. n. 1. Grammar. The masculine gender; a word, form, etc., of the masculine gender. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [noun] > masculine > word or form masculinec1450 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > gender > [noun] > masculine masculine1872 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 33 How knoweste the masculyn? For he is declynyd by hic, the femynyn by hec, [etc.]. 1509 Longe Paruula (de Worde) sig. Aij The masculyn is better than the femy. or neu. & the fe. better than the neu. 1512 T. Linacre Progymnasmata Gram. Vulgaria sig. Aiv^v Possessyues..haue theyre masculynes, and neutres declyned after the secunde declynation of nownes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 67 As consile, miracle be masculynes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 70 All adjectives whose masculyn gendre endith in e, have their masculynes and femynines all one. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 114 The plurall of the Masculine is Zebaim, and of the feminine Zebaoth. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. ix. 128 In wordes of three terminations, the first is the Masculine, the second the Feminine, the third is the Neuter. 1641 J. Johnson Acad. Love sig. D2^v Our genders properly are but two: the Masculine, which we call genus portans, and the Feminine, which is genus recipiens. 1715 L. Theobald in tr. Aristophanes Clouds ii. i. 30 (note) I have made bold to shorten this Dialogue concerning Masculines and Feminines, because..our Language is not furnish'd with Equivalent Terms to make its Sense intelligible. 1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross xxiv. 170 The masculine for ‘flirt’ is cock flirt, if there be such a wretch. 1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence 83 There are three ways of distinguishing the masculine and feminine in English. 1927 Speculum 2 258 The neuters tend to become masculine... Very infrequently masculines become neuter. 1975 K. Katzner Langs. of World ii. 113 The genders [in Russian] number three,..with a different declensional pattern for each (though the neuter is similar to the masculine). 1987 Speculum 62 954 These masculines all gloss the standard medieval Latin word for one who commits suicide. 2. With the: that which is masculine; men collectively. Usually in expressed or implied antithesis with (the) feminine. ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > male > [noun] > quality or condition masculinec1451 masculinity1571 masculineness1662 maleness1663 mascularity1817 c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 87 (MED) Now is þe tyme come þat þe welbeloued masculyne with þe welbeloued feminine schuld go oute in-to þe feld of þis world. 1541 Schole House of Women sig. Bii^v And all that euer, they may ymagyne Is to enlure, the masculyne. 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 16 They stept back in wonder to see that beautie, which yet in the masculine they came neere to. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 87 Nature makes the Masculine perfect. 1726 C. Johnson Female Fortune-teller ii. 32 Why that's my Business; the Masculine with the Feminine, Sir, I desire to know—... I wou'd only know whether the Woman I shall marry will be Black or Brown. 1805 W. Godwin Fleetwood I. vi. 130 Her passion seemed particularly to prompt her to the bold, the intrepid and the masculine. An impudent and Amazonian stare.., a slap on the back, [etc.]. 1837 L. Hunt Blue-stocking Revels iii, in Poet. Wks. (1849) 130 I hereby ordain, that in future the word Be confined to the masculine, vain, and absurd, And that all real women..Take their name from the queen of the sylvan retreats. 1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. xx. 196 Thou knowest that the masculine is worthier than the feminine, and my son is a male and our memory will be preserved by him, not by thy daughter. 1904 J. London Sea-wolf xv. 142 Wolf Larsen was the man-type, the masculine, and almost a god in his perfectness. 1990 J. Moat Firewater & Miraculous Mandarin 72 The masculine needs to know the feminine and her embodied knowledge... If an aspect of the feminine (being) is unconscious embodied knowledge, an aspect of the masculine (achieving) is conscious discernment. 1993 Insight on News 20 Sept. 19/3 An understanding of phallos protos and patrix (Jungian ways of referring to the masculine) and the feminine matrix, will be co-equal in the new age. 3. a. A person of the male sex, a man. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 16 (MED) Here þe circumcision..was done..vnto þe masculynes the eiȝte day fro his birthe. 1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie sig. D1 ^v The bearde in the masculyne groweth after fourteen yeares. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 265 If he had abused himselfe with a masculine..he was forced..to kill himselfe. 1739 G. Ogle Gualtherus & Griselda 107 You, the Masculine, to Labour bred. 1818 T. H. Bayly Dandies of Present 10 Ye belles! whose sweet society refines The native roughness of us masculines. 1886 E. L. Bynner Agnes Surriage xxvii. 306 I shall be ill at ease among such an array of masculines. 1890 F. W. Robinson Very Strange Family 63 She flounced out of the room and left the masculines to themselves. 1972 A. Ginsberg in J. Kerouac Visions of Cody p. xii The great betrayal of that manly America was made by the pseudo-heroic pseudo-responsible masculines of Army and Industry. †b. In extended use: a masculine sign of the zodiac; a masculine planet. Cf. sense A. 4a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [noun] > Zodiac > sign of zodiac > other types birth sign1566 masculine1650 1650 J. Poole Country Astrol. 13 Unfortunate also are the Planets... When they be in signes and degrees feminine, [if] they are masculines... Feminines are Venus and the Moon, Mercury and Androdgine, the other are masculines. 1653 R. Saunders Physiognomie i. 7 Of these Signs,..the masculines are fiery and aiery; the Feminines earthy and watery. Compounds C1. masculine-looking adj. ΚΠ 1850 String of Pearls 660 ‘A nice parlour to the right, sir,’ said a rather masculine-looking specimen of the fair sex in the bar. 1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 207 A..masculine-looking woman. 1972 A. Tyler Clock Winder ix. 204 The masculine-looking tangle of stray coins and matchbooks and tobacco flecks in the dashboard tray. † masculine-spirited adj. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1683 T. Tryon Way to Health xi. 283 Neither are any [women] so..Masculine-Spirited. C2. masculine cadence n. Music †(a) a perfect or authentic cadence (obsolete rare); (b) a cadence in which the final chord occurs on a strong beat (cf. feminine cadence n. at feminine adj. and n. Compounds 1). ΚΠ 1854 A. N. Johnson Pract. Instr. Harmony xlv. 158 The Germans call..the perfect cadence a ‘masculine cadence’. 1922 S. Grew Art of Player-piano vii. 44 The masculine cadence is..a rising rhythm. 1994 Leonardo Music Jrnl. 4 28 In order to facilitate a closing cadence, Brahms shifts the scansion of the phrase from the feminine..to a complete masculine cadence. masculine caesura n. Prosody a pause which immediately follows a stressed syllable; cf. feminine caesura at feminine adj. and n. Compounds 1. ΚΠ 1822 E. Everett tr. P. Buttmann Greek Gram. 283 The first species is called the masculine or male Cæsura. 1919 H. E. Burton in Virgil First Six Bks. Aeneid p. xix The masculine caesura is much more common than the feminine. 2001 D. Keppel-Jones Strict Metrical Trad. App. 236 Let us summarize the four most common arrangements, specifying the number of ‘robust’ variations.., since a masculine caesura caters especially to them. † masculine-feminine n. Obsolete a woman of masculine appearance or behaviour. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > woman > [noun] > man-like woman viragoa1387 master womana1535 viragin1558 hermaphrodite1594 masculine-feminine1620 viragon1641 Amazon1758 she-man1848 gynander1888 masculinist1928 masculist1930 1620 (title) Hic Mulier: or, the man-woman: being a medicine to cure the coltish disease of the staggers in the masculine-feminines of our times. 1808 Spirit of Public Jrnls. 11 86 That masculine feminine, the late Princess Dashkoff. † masculine frankincense n. [after classical Latin masculum tus, masculum thus] Obsolete = male incense n. at male adj. and n.¹ Compounds 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense rechelseOE storc1000 incensec1290 censea1382 guma1382 olibanuma1398 thus1398 frankincensea1400 frank14.. thurec1425 mascle thure?1440 olibanc1440 smoke1530 perfume1542 masculine frankincense1555 tacamahac1577 cayolac1588 masculine gum1604 candle1628 pastille1630 Spanish coal1631 incense-frank1633 thymiama1697 censery1823 punk1844 joss-stick1845 god-stick1874 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vii. f. 79 A greate barell of woodde full of moste excellente masculine frankensence. † masculine gum n. Obsolete = masculine frankincense n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense rechelseOE storc1000 incensec1290 censea1382 guma1382 olibanuma1398 thus1398 frankincensea1400 frank14.. thurec1425 mascle thure?1440 olibanc1440 smoke1530 perfume1542 masculine frankincense1555 tacamahac1577 cayolac1588 masculine gum1604 candle1628 pastille1630 Spanish coal1631 incense-frank1633 thymiama1697 censery1823 punk1844 joss-stick1845 god-stick1874 1604 B. Jonson His Pt. Royall Entertainem. 616 Heere no wight, To sacrifice, saue my deuotion comes, That brings insteed of those thy Masculine gummes. My Citties heart. † masculine hour n. Astrology Obsolete an hour ruled by a masculine planet. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > as influence on mankind > [noun] > influence > planet as > hour ruled by masculine planet masculine hour1624 1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) i. ii. iv. vii. 148 Conradus the Emperour would not touch his new Bride, till an Astrologer had told him a masculine houre. masculine protest n. [after German männlicher Protest (A. Adler Über den Nervèosen Charakter (1912) ii. 100)] Psychology (in Adlerian psychology) a desire for a position of superiority or domination over others in order to compensate for feelings of inferiority: see also protest n. 4d. ΚΠ 1917 B. Glueck & J. E. Lind tr. A. Adler Neurotic Constit. iii. 100 The dynamics of the neurosis can therefore be regarded (and is often so understood by the neurotic because of its irradiation upon his psyche) as if the patient wished to change from a woman to a man. This effect yields in its most highly colored form the picture of that which I have called the ‘masculine protest’. 1937 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 2 738 The demand that woman be allowed to become the aggressor in mate selection is sometimes merely a reflection of the ‘masculine protest’ which Alfred Adler has described so fully. 1972 H. Papanek in A. M. Freedman & H. I. Kaplan Interpreting Personality iii. 127 The term ‘masculine protest’ refers to the attitude of a boy or girl who is raised in a patriarchal culture, in which the real man is respected and admired and the feminine role connotes submissiveness and immaturity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1390
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