marijuanan.

Brit.

/ˌmarᵻˈ(h)wɑːnə/, U.S.

/ˌmɛrəˈ(h)wɑnə/

Forms: 1800s mariguan, 1800s mariguana, 1900s– mara huiwane, 1900s– marajuana, 1900s– mariahuana, 1900s– mariguana, 1900s– marihuana, 1900s– marijuana, 1900s– merrywanna (humorous).

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish mariguana.

Etymology: < Mexican Spanish mariguana, marihuana, of uncertain origin.It has been suggested that the Spanish word is < Nahuatl mallihuan prisoner. Forms in -j- appear to be an English innovation (attested later also in French): occasional recent examples in Spanish probably show English influence. Influence of a folk etymology from the Spanish personal name María-Juana or its familiar form Mari-Juana has frequently been suggested; if so this would appear to have occurred within English.

1. The cannabis plant Cannabis sativa subsp. indica; = cannabis n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding drug or narcotic > [noun] > cannabis or marijuana plant

cannabis1687

Congo tobacco1851

marijuana1874

Indian hay1936

smoking weed1957

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > hemp plant

hempa1000

gallow-grass1562

Indian hemp1598

cannabis1687

Pantagruelion1708

abaca1751

Congo tobacco1851

marijuana1874

smoking weed1957

1874 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States I. vi. 633 The bride's parents then send round to the houses of their friends a bunch of mariguana, a narcotic herb, which signifies that all are to meet together at the bride's father's on the next night.

1907 A. B. Lyons Plant Names (ed. 2) 511 at Cannabis a. Add Syn[onym] Marihuana (Mex.).

1934 R. E. Carradini Narcotics & Youth Today 1 In this classification [of narcotic drugs] should be included..Cannabis Indica, popularly known as Indian hemp or hashish, and the native plant, mariahuana.

1934 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 July 212 On appeal to the Supreme Court of Utah, Navaro contended that the term ‘mariguana’, as used in the statute, signified a plant, not a drug.

1959 Encounter Oct. 56/2 The land where the marihuana grows.

1973 Daily Tel. 4 July 4 Nepal is to ban the growing of marijuana and poppies and the production of cannabis and opium.

1991 Hawaii June 79/3 Pakalolo growers..cultivate marijuana patches in upcountry Maui.

a. (A preparation of) the plant, used as an intoxicating and hallucinogenic drug; esp. a crude preparation of the dried leaves, flowering tops, and stem of the plant in a form for smoking.The currency of the word increased greatly in the United States in the 1930s in the context of the debate over the use of the drug, the term being preferred as a more exotic alternative to the familiar words hemp and cannabis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > marijuana or cannabis

bhang1598

hashish1598

cannabis1765

ganja1800

Indian hemp1803

sabzi1804

cannabin1843

deiamba1851

charas1860

liamba1861

hemp1870

cannabis resin1871

marijuana1874

kef1878

locoweed1898

weed1917

Mary Ann1925

mootah1926

muggle1926

Mary Jane1928

Mary Warner1933

Mary and Johnny1935

Indian hay1936

mu1936

mezz1937

moocah1937

grass1938

jive1938

pot1938

mary1940

reefer1944

rope1944

smoke1946

hash1948

pod1952

gear1954

green1957

smoking weed1957

boo1959

Acapulco1965

doobie1967

Mary J1967

cheeba1971

Maui Wowie1971

4201974

Maui1977

pakalolo1977

spliff1977

draw1979

kush1979

resin1980

bud1982

swag1986

puff1989

chronic1992

schwag1993

hydro1995

1874 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States I. vi. 633 The meeting is inaugurated by smoking; then they chew mariguana, during which time all preliminaries of the marriage are settled.

1894 Scribner's Mag. May 596/2 [The] ‘toloachi’, [and] the ‘mariguan’,..are used by discarded women for the purpose of wreaking a terrible revenge upon recreant lovers.

1918 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 Dec. 2094/1 The symptoms mentioned..as being produced by smoking Mara Huiwane or marajuana are similar to those produced by the mescal plant.

1923 W. Smith Little Tigress 102 The cockroach is unable to stagger around any more because he has no more marijuana to smoke. Marijuana is a form of drug that brings false heart to the user.

1927 Amer. Speech 3 37 The tobacco of the Turkish coffee-houses has been replaced in Mexico by marihuana, the native variety of hashish.

1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat xiv. 246 His eyes were as wide and pained as the eyes of one who smokes marihuana.

1944 R. A. Moore Textbk. Pathol. lix. 657 After long-continued use of marihuana there is mental deterioration.

1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) ii. 19 On one occasion, even, marijuana had been smoked on the steps of the gymnasium.

1968 Times 19 Dec. 4/6 Basic findings are that..subjects who have not smoked marihuana before do not have strong subjective experiences, even after strong doses.

1979 A. Ginsberg Coll. Poems (1984) 721 Marijuana rots your brain like it says in the papers, insists on the telly?

1983 ‘J. le Carré’ Little Drummer Girl iii. 67 They would lounge together in sullen council, smoking marihuana and drinking retsina at thirty drachmas a half-litre.

1996 Nature 14 Nov. 95/1 Voters in California and Arizona last week passed laws approving the medical use of marijuana.

2007 R. Room in D. Nutt et al. Drugs & Future xi. 347/1 Health damage is..less from eating marijuana than from smoking it.

b. figurative. Anything with an intoxicating, calmative, or addictive effect.The implication of addiction, apparent in quot. 1965, is in spite of the fact that marijuana use is not generally characterized by physical dependence.

ΚΠ

1948 Sat. Rev. 19 June 24/3 One of the most cogent reasons for the success of the comics, is namely, that they are the marijuana of parents as well as of their offspring.

1965 New Statesman 10 Dec. 916/2 The politician who gave the Beatles the MBE..knows that if he suddenly cut off about 20 million young addicts from their supply of aural marijuana the withdrawal effects could produce unpleasant political side-effects.

Compounds

General attributive.

C1.

marijuana addict n.

ΚΠ

1929 A. J. Barr Let Tomorrow Come i. xvi. 109 He is a marijuana addict, and stands sometimes throughout the exercise hours smoking dreams into the air about his head.

2008 J. Erlbaum Have you found Her vi. 115 We signed in at a table bearing stacks of literature about addiction, 12-step recovery, and codependence. Are you a marijuana addict? asked one leaflet.

marijuana cigarette n.

ΚΠ

1922 San Francisco Chron. 31 Dec. (1923 section) 2/1 For a real ‘hop’ party you have to have both of these drugs [sc. cocaine and morphine] and also some ‘marijuana’ cigarettes.

1933 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Oct. 1398/1 The first person to be convicted in Hillsborough County [in Florida] of selling marajuana cigarets..was sentenced..to a year in the county jail.

1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iii. 64 Leonard the drummer..produced a fistful of marijuana cigarettes.

1988 M. Chabon Myst. Pittsburgh xiii. 134 He held in his fingers a marijuana cigarette.

marijuana habit n.

ΚΠ

1933 Washington Post 24 Aug. 2/1 They contracted the marijuana habit..while serving in the Army in the Canal Zone.

1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie x. 107 I told them you were sick and that you needed a shot of morphine, and they said, ‘Oh, we thought it was just a question of a marijuana habit.’

2006 K. McMurray If you really loved Me viii. 86 She explained away her marijuana habit by saying that she ‘likes the way she feels when she uses it’ and didn't consider it abuse.

marijuana smoker n.

ΚΠ

1933 Washington Post 24 Aug. 2/1 Sixty-two per cent of the marijuana smokers studied by the board were found to be constitutional psychopaths.

1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) xi. 202 Narcotics addicts and marihuana smokers are infiltrating the cafés.

1991 N.Y. Times 14 Sept. 11/6 A marijuana smoker finds himself drawn into psychedelic and video-game visions inside his television set.

marijuana weed n.

ΚΠ

1930 Chicago Tribune 24 May 1/6 A police squad failed to find the girl in the flat, but they discovered an opium pipe and a quantity of marijuana weed.

1958 Times 3 Dec. 6/6 Unauthorised clubs..were a great moral danger to young people. The marihuana weed was smoked.

2004 O. Gray Demeaned but Empowered vi. 167 They gambled, smoked the widely available marijuana weed and engaged in petty sales of the drug.

C2.

marijuana smoking n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1926 N.Y. Times 21 Nov. ii. 3/1 (headline) Marijuana smoking is reported safe. Hemp leaves, classed in some states with drugs, tested.

1935 Amer. Mercury Aug. 426/1 Such practices as adultery, marihuana smoking, gambling,..and rowdyism seldom worry the investigator.

1957 P. Frank Seven Days to Never iii. 102 She married..a marijuana-smoking drugstore cowboy.

1990 Time 23 Apr. 22/1 Mattox..accused Riderds..of being a marijuana-smoking cokehead.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	marijuana
释义	marijuanan. Brit. /ˌmarᵻˈ(h)wɑːnə/, U.S. /ˌmɛrəˈ(h)wɑnə/ Forms: 1800s mariguan, 1800s mariguana, 1900s– mara huiwane, 1900s– marajuana, 1900s– mariahuana, 1900s– mariguana, 1900s– marihuana, 1900s– marijuana, 1900s– merrywanna (humorous). Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish mariguana. Etymology: < Mexican Spanish mariguana, marihuana, of uncertain origin.It has been suggested that the Spanish word is < Nahuatl mallihuan prisoner. Forms in -j- appear to be an English innovation (attested later also in French): occasional recent examples in Spanish probably show English influence. Influence of a folk etymology from the Spanish personal name María-Juana or its familiar form Mari-Juana has frequently been suggested; if so this would appear to have occurred within English. 1. The cannabis plant Cannabis sativa subsp. indica; = cannabis n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding drug or narcotic > [noun] > cannabis or marijuana plant cannabis1687 Congo tobacco1851 marijuana1874 Indian hay1936 smoking weed1957 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > yielding fibre, thatching, or basket material > [noun] > hemp plant hempa1000 gallow-grass1562 Indian hemp1598 cannabis1687 Pantagruelion1708 abaca1751 Congo tobacco1851 marijuana1874 smoking weed1957 1874 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States I. vi. 633 The bride's parents then send round to the houses of their friends a bunch of mariguana, a narcotic herb, which signifies that all are to meet together at the bride's father's on the next night. 1907 A. B. Lyons Plant Names (ed. 2) 511 at Cannabis a. Add Syn[onym] Marihuana (Mex.). 1934 R. E. Carradini Narcotics & Youth Today 1 In this classification [of narcotic drugs] should be included..Cannabis Indica, popularly known as Indian hemp or hashish, and the native plant, mariahuana. 1934 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 July 212 On appeal to the Supreme Court of Utah, Navaro contended that the term ‘mariguana’, as used in the statute, signified a plant, not a drug. 1959 Encounter Oct. 56/2 The land where the marihuana grows. 1973 Daily Tel. 4 July 4 Nepal is to ban the growing of marijuana and poppies and the production of cannabis and opium. 1991 Hawaii June 79/3 Pakalolo growers..cultivate marijuana patches in upcountry Maui. 2. a. (A preparation of) the plant, used as an intoxicating and hallucinogenic drug; esp. a crude preparation of the dried leaves, flowering tops, and stem of the plant in a form for smoking.The currency of the word increased greatly in the United States in the 1930s in the context of the debate over the use of the drug, the term being preferred as a more exotic alternative to the familiar words hemp and cannabis. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > marijuana or cannabis bhang1598 hashish1598 cannabis1765 ganja1800 Indian hemp1803 sabzi1804 cannabin1843 deiamba1851 charas1860 liamba1861 hemp1870 cannabis resin1871 marijuana1874 kef1878 locoweed1898 weed1917 Mary Ann1925 mootah1926 muggle1926 Mary Jane1928 Mary Warner1933 Mary and Johnny1935 Indian hay1936 mu1936 mezz1937 moocah1937 grass1938 jive1938 pot1938 mary1940 reefer1944 rope1944 smoke1946 hash1948 pod1952 gear1954 green1957 smoking weed1957 boo1959 Acapulco1965 doobie1967 Mary J1967 cheeba1971 Maui Wowie1971 4201974 Maui1977 pakalolo1977 spliff1977 draw1979 kush1979 resin1980 bud1982 swag1986 puff1989 chronic1992 schwag1993 hydro1995 1874 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States I. vi. 633 The meeting is inaugurated by smoking; then they chew mariguana, during which time all preliminaries of the marriage are settled. 1894 Scribner's Mag. May 596/2 [The] ‘toloachi’, [and] the ‘mariguan’,..are used by discarded women for the purpose of wreaking a terrible revenge upon recreant lovers. 1918 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 Dec. 2094/1 The symptoms mentioned..as being produced by smoking Mara Huiwane or marajuana are similar to those produced by the mescal plant. 1923 W. Smith Little Tigress 102 The cockroach is unable to stagger around any more because he has no more marijuana to smoke. Marijuana is a form of drug that brings false heart to the user. 1927 Amer. Speech 3 37 The tobacco of the Turkish coffee-houses has been replaced in Mexico by marihuana, the native variety of hashish. 1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat xiv. 246 His eyes were as wide and pained as the eyes of one who smokes marihuana. 1944 R. A. Moore Textbk. Pathol. lix. 657 After long-continued use of marihuana there is mental deterioration. 1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) ii. 19 On one occasion, even, marijuana had been smoked on the steps of the gymnasium. 1968 Times 19 Dec. 4/6 Basic findings are that..subjects who have not smoked marihuana before do not have strong subjective experiences, even after strong doses. 1979 A. Ginsberg Coll. Poems (1984) 721 Marijuana rots your brain like it says in the papers, insists on the telly? 1983 ‘J. le Carré’ Little Drummer Girl iii. 67 They would lounge together in sullen council, smoking marihuana and drinking retsina at thirty drachmas a half-litre. 1996 Nature 14 Nov. 95/1 Voters in California and Arizona last week passed laws approving the medical use of marijuana. 2007 R. Room in D. Nutt et al. Drugs & Future xi. 347/1 Health damage is..less from eating marijuana than from smoking it. b. figurative. Anything with an intoxicating, calmative, or addictive effect.The implication of addiction, apparent in quot. 1965, is in spite of the fact that marijuana use is not generally characterized by physical dependence. ΚΠ 1948 Sat. Rev. 19 June 24/3 One of the most cogent reasons for the success of the comics, is namely, that they are the marijuana of parents as well as of their offspring. 1965 New Statesman 10 Dec. 916/2 The politician who gave the Beatles the MBE..knows that if he suddenly cut off about 20 million young addicts from their supply of aural marijuana the withdrawal effects could produce unpleasant political side-effects. Compounds General attributive. C1. marijuana addict n. ΚΠ 1929 A. J. Barr Let Tomorrow Come i. xvi. 109 He is a marijuana addict, and stands sometimes throughout the exercise hours smoking dreams into the air about his head. 2008 J. Erlbaum Have you found Her vi. 115 We signed in at a table bearing stacks of literature about addiction, 12-step recovery, and codependence. Are you a marijuana addict? asked one leaflet. marijuana cigarette n. ΚΠ 1922 San Francisco Chron. 31 Dec. (1923 section) 2/1 For a real ‘hop’ party you have to have both of these drugs [sc. cocaine and morphine] and also some ‘marijuana’ cigarettes. 1933 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Oct. 1398/1 The first person to be convicted in Hillsborough County [in Florida] of selling marajuana cigarets..was sentenced..to a year in the county jail. 1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iii. 64 Leonard the drummer..produced a fistful of marijuana cigarettes. 1988 M. Chabon Myst. Pittsburgh xiii. 134 He held in his fingers a marijuana cigarette. marijuana habit n. ΚΠ 1933 Washington Post 24 Aug. 2/1 They contracted the marijuana habit..while serving in the Army in the Canal Zone. 1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie x. 107 I told them you were sick and that you needed a shot of morphine, and they said, ‘Oh, we thought it was just a question of a marijuana habit.’ 2006 K. McMurray If you really loved Me viii. 86 She explained away her marijuana habit by saying that she ‘likes the way she feels when she uses it’ and didn't consider it abuse. marijuana smoker n. ΚΠ 1933 Washington Post 24 Aug. 2/1 Sixty-two per cent of the marijuana smokers studied by the board were found to be constitutional psychopaths. 1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) xi. 202 Narcotics addicts and marihuana smokers are infiltrating the cafés. 1991 N.Y. Times 14 Sept. 11/6 A marijuana smoker finds himself drawn into psychedelic and video-game visions inside his television set. marijuana weed n. ΚΠ 1930 Chicago Tribune 24 May 1/6 A police squad failed to find the girl in the flat, but they discovered an opium pipe and a quantity of marijuana weed. 1958 Times 3 Dec. 6/6 Unauthorised clubs..were a great moral danger to young people. The marihuana weed was smoked. 2004 O. Gray Demeaned but Empowered vi. 167 They gambled, smoked the widely available marijuana weed and engaged in petty sales of the drug. C2. marijuana smoking n. and adj. ΚΠ 1926 N.Y. Times 21 Nov. ii. 3/1 (headline) Marijuana smoking is reported safe. Hemp leaves, classed in some states with drugs, tested. 1935 Amer. Mercury Aug. 426/1 Such practices as adultery, marihuana smoking, gambling,..and rowdyism seldom worry the investigator. 1957 P. Frank Seven Days to Never iii. 102 She married..a marijuana-smoking drugstore cowboy. 1990 Time 23 Apr. 22/1 Mattox..accused Riderds..of being a marijuana-smoking cokehead. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1874
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