martyrizev.

Brit.

/ˈmɑːtərʌɪz/, U.S.

/ˈmɑrdəˌraɪz/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s martirize, 1500s marterize, 1500s– martyrize, 1600s martarize, 1600s marteryze, 1800s– martyrise; Scottish pre-1700 martarise, pre-1700 marterisse, 1800s– martyreese, 1800s– mertyreese.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French martiriser; Latin martyrizare.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French martiriser, martirizer, Old French, Middle French, French martyriser (12th cent., transitive; 16th cent. in senses ‘to torture’, ‘to subject to physical or mental torment’), or its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin martyrizare (6th cent. in both transitive and intransitive senses; from early 8th cent. in British sources) < martyr martyr n. + -izare -ize suffix. Compare Old Occitan martirizar (13th cent.), Italian martirizzare (early 14th cent.), Spanish martirizar (14th cent.), Portuguese martirizar (15th cent.).Now somewhat rare in non-literal senses.

a. transitive. = martyr v. 1. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > martyrdom > cause martyrdom [verb (transitive)]

martyrOE

amartyrc1300

martyrizec1429

martyrizate?a1475

bemartyra1661

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2848 Abel of wikked Kayme was slayne and martirizid.

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 57 xi þousand uirgines at coloyn wer martirized in his tyme but not be him.

1588 A. King tr. St. Peter Canisius Catech. in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 185 S. Dympna virgin dochter to the king of Irland marterissed be hir awin father vnder Leo the 3.

1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. C2^v To her my heart I nightly martyrize.

a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. x. 124 Thousands of Christians..were all martyrized so soon as they had finished the work.

a1834 W. Beckford Portuguese Jrnl. 5 Nov. (1954) 260 St. Vincent..was martyrised at the Cape which bears his name.

1849 W. M. Thackeray Let. 25 Dec. (1945) II. 616 You dear Suttees—you get ready and glorify in being martyrized.

1924 Polit. Sci. Q. 39 245 Fanaticism..even to the point of martyrizing those who do not accept your uneasy ‘faith’.

1945 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 39 260 There may be real danger of renewed leadership by the Nazi and Fascist leaders if alive or martyrized.

1982 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 43 630 Rabbi Akiba..martyrized by the Romans for his support of the Bar Kochba rebellion.

b. intransitive. To be, become, or act as a martyr. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > martyrdom > suffer martyrdom [verb (intransitive)]

martyrizec1524

to seal one's testimony with one's blood1722

c1524 William of Malvern Found. Abbey of Glocester in Robert of Gloucester Chron. (1724) 582 Arilde that blessed Virgin, Which martyrized at Kinton.

1838 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Monthly Repository Apr. 239/2 We must bleed and martyrize: no end or remission of our sufferings.

1897 M. Saunders House of Armour 357 He has been martyrizing ever since his mother died.

c. transitive. To portray or treat as a martyr.

ΚΠ

1906 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Feb. 1/3 The endeavour to martyrise the coolies breaks down in the face of facts.

1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iii. 50 Peter Pinguid was really our first casualty. Not the fanatic our more left-leaning friends..chose to martyrize.

1993 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 65 577 McClary glamorizes (or rather, martyrizes) her argument by creating a straw-man musicology of such..brain-dead hostility that her own..success within the discipline becomes inexplicable.

2. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To wound, mutilate, etc.; = martyr v. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)]

wemc900

slaya1000

alithOE

hamblea1050

belimbc1225

dismember1297

lamec1300

maimc1325

shearc1330

unablec1380

emblemishc1384

magglec1425

magc1450

demember1491

disablea1492

manglea1500

menyie?a1513

mayhem1533

mutilatec1570

martyr1592

stump1596

bemaim1605

cripplea1616

martyrize1615

deartuate1623

hamstring1641

becripple1660

limb1674

truncate1727

dislimb1855

1615 P. Gordon Penardo & Laissa i. x. sig. Ii Twelf hours within that fyre she's, martyrizd And twelf houres dround in blood with out all pitie.

1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 106 Martyrizing her with so many wounds, that her body was seene all over pierced through with stabbes.

1637 R. Monro Exped. Scots Regim. ii. 151 Now men are marteryzed and cut downe..by those furious and thund'ring Engines of great Cannon.

1718 F. Hutchinson Hist. Ess. conc. Witchcraft xiii. 167 Thousands martyrizing their own Bodies, by tearing the Flesh.

1884 D. Grant Lays & Legends of North 46 ‘Tibbie, here am I!’ cried Tammie, ‘Martyreesed, as ye may see.’

1992 Callaloo 15 167 Bodies lacerated, flayed, martyrized [Fr. martyrisé], dismembered.

3. transitive. To inflict pain or suffering upon; to torment; = martyr v. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)]

quelmeOE

eatc1000

martyrOE

fretc1175

woundc1175

to-fret?c1225

gnawc1230

to-traya1250

torment1297

renda1333

anguish1340

grindc1350

wringc1374

debreakc1384

ofpinec1390

rivea1400

urn1488

reboil1528

whip1530

cruciate1532

pinch1548

spur-galla1555

agonize1570

rack1576

cut1582

excruciate1590

scorchc1595

discruciate1596

butcher1597

split1597

torture1598

lacerate1600

harrow1603

hell1614

to eat upa1616

arrow1628

martyrize1652

percruciate1656

tear1666

crucify1702

flay1782

wrench1798

kill1800

to cut up1843

1652 tr. Choice Novels & Amarous Tales i. 11 His own thoughts became his executioners, alwayes martyrizing him with the memory of his so much regretted felicity.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. i. 2 Many loathsom things present themselves..to the sight..; and to behold them, is to martyrize ones self.

1797 W. Tooke Life Catherine II (1798) III. xiii. 347 (note) He martyrized them [sc. Jews] by stripping them naked in the depth of the winter, and pouring cold water on their heads.

1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) IV. 150 I must still martyrize the curiosity of Caroline.

1885 19th Cent. June 963 How thought can crucify and martyrise any one.

1918 W. Lewis Tarr iv. xii. 197 Sex surged up and martyrized him, but he held it down rather than satisfy himself.

1935 E. Bowen House in Paris ii. xii. 240 He looked at me and said: ‘Go!’... I saw that my presence martyrised him.

a. transitive (reflexive). figurative. To endure suffering, hardship, etc., voluntarily; to sacrifice oneself. Occasionally also: to sacrifice oneself so as to turn into something.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > unselfishness > put aside one's own interests [verb (reflexive)]

martyrize1836

self-sacrifice1885

waive1894

1836 C. G. F. Gore Mrs. Armytage II. vi. 92 All Frenchmen..martyrize themselves with the pretension of being fox-hunters.

1852 C. Shirley Let. 10 Apr. (1949) 129 Did I not martyrize myself into a human mule, by descending to the bottom of a dreadful pit?

1887 M. E. Braddon Like & Unlike II. xiv. 242 She is martyrising herself—and for what?

1896 A. Morrison Child of Jago 86 She proceeded to martyrise herself by a show of ‘setting to rights’ in the room.

1924 K. Burke Let. 21 Feb. in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 160 One cannot martyrize himself to an evil which can be remedied so easily.

b. transitive. To cause to suffer hardship on behalf of a cause.

ΚΠ

1844 W. M. Thackeray Box of Novels in Wks. (Biogr. ed.) XIII. 402 The Irish press is at present martyrising the most successful member of its body.

1879 L. Wingfield My Lords of Strogue III. i. 12 It would be impolitic to martyrise them too openly.

1907 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 15 150 There is no disposition to persecute or to martyrize unionism.

Derivatives

ˈmartyrized adj. martyred; chiefly figurative and in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [adjective]

disfiguratec1381

disfiguredc1381

disguised1393

defeata1398

defecta1398

deformed?c1450

deflowered1509

disflowered1606

deflourished?1614

misfigured1624

martyrized1635

defaced1776

defeatured1800

disfeatured1871

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > [adjective] > from imaginary injustice or pain

martyrized1843

martyred1897

1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 84 An exquisite (though martirized) beauty.

1843 W. M. Thackeray Mr. & Mrs. Berry ii She only gave a martyrised look, and left the room.

1909 Daily Chron. 6 July 4/4 Lady Portsea..with a martyrised expression and an ominous frown, opens her..parasol.

1967 J. Seabrook Unprivileged 39 The women were traditionally martyrised and self-effacing.

ˈmartyrizing n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > martyrdom > [noun] > causing

martyringeOE

martyrization?a1475

martyrizing1636

1636 R. Basset tr. G. A. de Paoli Lives Rom. Emperors 141 The martyrizing and bannishing of the Christians.

1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb i Hats is a perfect mertyreesin' to the heid.

1900 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. I. xvi. 436 Henry quotes the deeds of the murderer Jehu as warrant for his own martyrising of a bishop.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	martyrize
释义	martyrizev. Brit. /ˈmɑːtərʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈmɑrdəˌraɪz/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s martirize, 1500s marterize, 1500s– martyrize, 1600s martarize, 1600s marteryze, 1800s– martyrise; Scottish pre-1700 martarise, pre-1700 marterisse, 1800s– martyreese, 1800s– mertyreese. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French martiriser; Latin martyrizare. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French martiriser, martirizer, Old French, Middle French, French martyriser (12th cent., transitive; 16th cent. in senses ‘to torture’, ‘to subject to physical or mental torment’), or its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin martyrizare (6th cent. in both transitive and intransitive senses; from early 8th cent. in British sources) < martyr martyr n. + -izare -ize suffix. Compare Old Occitan martirizar (13th cent.), Italian martirizzare (early 14th cent.), Spanish martirizar (14th cent.), Portuguese martirizar (15th cent.).Now somewhat rare in non-literal senses. 1. a. transitive. = martyr v. 1. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > martyrdom > cause martyrdom [verb (transitive)] martyrOE amartyrc1300 martyrizec1429 martyrizate?a1475 bemartyra1661 c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2848 Abel of wikked Kayme was slayne and martirizid. c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 57 xi þousand uirgines at coloyn wer martirized in his tyme but not be him. 1588 A. King tr. St. Peter Canisius Catech. in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 185 S. Dympna virgin dochter to the king of Irland marterissed be hir awin father vnder Leo the 3. 1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. C2^v To her my heart I nightly martyrize. a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. x. 124 Thousands of Christians..were all martyrized so soon as they had finished the work. a1834 W. Beckford Portuguese Jrnl. 5 Nov. (1954) 260 St. Vincent..was martyrised at the Cape which bears his name. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Let. 25 Dec. (1945) II. 616 You dear Suttees—you get ready and glorify in being martyrized. 1924 Polit. Sci. Q. 39 245 Fanaticism..even to the point of martyrizing those who do not accept your uneasy ‘faith’. 1945 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 39 260 There may be real danger of renewed leadership by the Nazi and Fascist leaders if alive or martyrized. 1982 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 43 630 Rabbi Akiba..martyrized by the Romans for his support of the Bar Kochba rebellion. b. intransitive. To be, become, or act as a martyr. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > martyrdom > suffer martyrdom [verb (intransitive)] martyrizec1524 to seal one's testimony with one's blood1722 c1524 William of Malvern Found. Abbey of Glocester in Robert of Gloucester Chron. (1724) 582 Arilde that blessed Virgin, Which martyrized at Kinton. 1838 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Monthly Repository Apr. 239/2 We must bleed and martyrize: no end or remission of our sufferings. 1897 M. Saunders House of Armour 357 He has been martyrizing ever since his mother died. c. transitive. To portray or treat as a martyr. ΚΠ 1906 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Feb. 1/3 The endeavour to martyrise the coolies breaks down in the face of facts. 1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iii. 50 Peter Pinguid was really our first casualty. Not the fanatic our more left-leaning friends..chose to martyrize. 1993 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 65 577 McClary glamorizes (or rather, martyrizes) her argument by creating a straw-man musicology of such..brain-dead hostility that her own..success within the discipline becomes inexplicable. 2. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To wound, mutilate, etc.; = martyr v. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > maiming or mutilation > maim or mutilate [verb (transitive)] wemc900 slaya1000 alithOE hamblea1050 belimbc1225 dismember1297 lamec1300 maimc1325 shearc1330 unablec1380 emblemishc1384 magglec1425 magc1450 demember1491 disablea1492 manglea1500 menyie?a1513 mayhem1533 mutilatec1570 martyr1592 stump1596 bemaim1605 cripplea1616 martyrize1615 deartuate1623 hamstring1641 becripple1660 limb1674 truncate1727 dislimb1855 1615 P. Gordon Penardo & Laissa i. x. sig. Ii Twelf hours within that fyre she's, martyrizd And twelf houres dround in blood with out all pitie. 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 106 Martyrizing her with so many wounds, that her body was seene all over pierced through with stabbes. 1637 R. Monro Exped. Scots Regim. ii. 151 Now men are marteryzed and cut downe..by those furious and thund'ring Engines of great Cannon. 1718 F. Hutchinson Hist. Ess. conc. Witchcraft xiii. 167 Thousands martyrizing their own Bodies, by tearing the Flesh. 1884 D. Grant Lays & Legends of North 46 ‘Tibbie, here am I!’ cried Tammie, ‘Martyreesed, as ye may see.’ 1992 Callaloo 15 167 Bodies lacerated, flayed, martyrized [Fr. martyrisé], dismembered. 3. transitive. To inflict pain or suffering upon; to torment; = martyr v. 2a. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)] quelmeOE eatc1000 martyrOE fretc1175 woundc1175 to-fret?c1225 gnawc1230 to-traya1250 torment1297 renda1333 anguish1340 grindc1350 wringc1374 debreakc1384 ofpinec1390 rivea1400 urn1488 reboil1528 whip1530 cruciate1532 pinch1548 spur-galla1555 agonize1570 rack1576 cut1582 excruciate1590 scorchc1595 discruciate1596 butcher1597 split1597 torture1598 lacerate1600 harrow1603 hell1614 to eat upa1616 arrow1628 martyrize1652 percruciate1656 tear1666 crucify1702 flay1782 wrench1798 kill1800 to cut up1843 1652 tr. Choice Novels & Amarous Tales i. 11 His own thoughts became his executioners, alwayes martyrizing him with the memory of his so much regretted felicity. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. i. 2 Many loathsom things present themselves..to the sight..; and to behold them, is to martyrize ones self. 1797 W. Tooke Life Catherine II (1798) III. xiii. 347 (note) He martyrized them [sc. Jews] by stripping them naked in the depth of the winter, and pouring cold water on their heads. 1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) IV. 150 I must still martyrize the curiosity of Caroline. 1885 19th Cent. June 963 How thought can crucify and martyrise any one. 1918 W. Lewis Tarr iv. xii. 197 Sex surged up and martyrized him, but he held it down rather than satisfy himself. 1935 E. Bowen House in Paris ii. xii. 240 He looked at me and said: ‘Go!’... I saw that my presence martyrised him. 4. a. transitive (reflexive). figurative. To endure suffering, hardship, etc., voluntarily; to sacrifice oneself. Occasionally also: to sacrifice oneself so as to turn into something. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > unselfishness > put aside one's own interests [verb (reflexive)] martyrize1836 self-sacrifice1885 waive1894 1836 C. G. F. Gore Mrs. Armytage II. vi. 92 All Frenchmen..martyrize themselves with the pretension of being fox-hunters. 1852 C. Shirley Let. 10 Apr. (1949) 129 Did I not martyrize myself into a human mule, by descending to the bottom of a dreadful pit? 1887 M. E. Braddon Like & Unlike II. xiv. 242 She is martyrising herself—and for what? 1896 A. Morrison Child of Jago 86 She proceeded to martyrise herself by a show of ‘setting to rights’ in the room. 1924 K. Burke Let. 21 Feb. in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 160 One cannot martyrize himself to an evil which can be remedied so easily. b. transitive. To cause to suffer hardship on behalf of a cause. ΚΠ 1844 W. M. Thackeray Box of Novels in Wks. (Biogr. ed.) XIII. 402 The Irish press is at present martyrising the most successful member of its body. 1879 L. Wingfield My Lords of Strogue III. i. 12 It would be impolitic to martyrise them too openly. 1907 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 15 150 There is no disposition to persecute or to martyrize unionism. Derivatives ˈmartyrized adj. martyred; chiefly figurative and in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [adjective] disfiguratec1381 disfiguredc1381 disguised1393 defeata1398 defecta1398 deformed?c1450 deflowered1509 disflowered1606 deflourished?1614 misfigured1624 martyrized1635 defaced1776 defeatured1800 disfeatured1871 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > [adjective] > from imaginary injustice or pain martyrized1843 martyred1897 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 84 An exquisite (though martirized) beauty. 1843 W. M. Thackeray Mr. & Mrs. Berry ii She only gave a martyrised look, and left the room. 1909 Daily Chron. 6 July 4/4 Lady Portsea..with a martyrised expression and an ominous frown, opens her..parasol. 1967 J. Seabrook Unprivileged 39 The women were traditionally martyrised and self-effacing. ˈmartyrizing n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > martyrdom > [noun] > causing martyringeOE martyrization?a1475 martyrizing1636 1636 R. Basset tr. G. A. de Paoli Lives Rom. Emperors 141 The martyrizing and bannishing of the Christians. 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb i Hats is a perfect mertyreesin' to the heid. 1900 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. I. xvi. 436 Henry quotes the deeds of the murderer Jehu as warrant for his own martyrising of a bishop. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1429
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