martyrdomn.

Brit.

/ˈmɑːtədəm/, U.S.

/ˈmɑrdərdəm/

Forms: see martyr n. and -dom suffix; also Middle English marrtirdom, Middle English merterdome, Middle English mertydam (transmission error), 1600s marterdume.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: martyr n., -dom suffix.

Etymology: < martyr n. + -dom suffix. Compare German Märtyrertum, Danish martyrdom (rare; the usual Danish words are martyrium and martyrdød).

a. Christian Church. The sufferings and death of a martyr (martyr n. 1a); the act of becoming or the condition of being a martyr.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > martyrdom > [noun]

martyrdomeOE

martyrshipa1661

martyry1677

witnessdom1877

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) viii. 53 On ða tiid wæs to herigeanne ðæt mon wilnode biscephades, ða ðe nan twio næs ðæt he ðurh ðone sceolde cuman to hefegum martyrdome.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. vii. 40 Ðær wæs cyrice geworht..his þrowunge & martyrdome wyrþe.

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 173 He sceal..his martyrdom for Cristes lufæ þrowæn on Antecristes daȝum.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 129 Maniȝe þusend..here clannesse ihelden and manieskennes martirdom ðar fore ðolede.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9830 He huld it al wreche of god vor sein tomas martirdom.

c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 274 The palme of martirdom for to receyue.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 31 The faith has tane..strenth throu the tribulaciouns and persecuciouns and marterdome of haly marteris.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. i. 68/2 The cause of whose martirdome was the reprehending of Idolatrie.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iii. sig. Ee3^v An huge hoste..With which he godly Oswald shall subdew, And crowne with martiredome his sacred head.

a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 58 We saw..another show, representing the martyrdom of all the Apostles.

1688 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 568 The Martyrdome day of K. Charles the First.

1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts i. xxx. 324 The Martyrdome of the Holy Innocents.

a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 44 In the choeur of the church is a good, old picture of the martyrdom of St Pierre by Brenet.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. ix. 374 He had spent his time in encouraging catholics to persevere to martyrdom for their faith.

1878 ‘G. Eliot’ in Macmillan's Mag. July 168 What is martyrdom But death-defying utterance of belief?

1903 J. H. Matthews Mass & Folklore 113 The names of those Romans who had suffered martyrdom prior to the..final settlement of the Canon.

1987 Sunday Times 4 Oct. 19/4 It was like an act of martyrdom. One monk came out and was on fire in the doorway.

1994 Lay Witness (U.S.) Oct. 3/1 A mother who exhorts each of her seven sons to endure martyrdom rather than abjure God and sacrifice to an idol.

b. In non-Christian contexts: the killing or sacrifice of a person in defence of a belief, cause, etc.; a person's death comparable in some manner to the death of a Christian martyr. rare before 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > [noun] > for ideological reason

martyrdom1488

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 1343 The lokmen than, thai bur Wallace but baid On-till a place his martyrdom to tak.

1648 J. Beaumont Psyche viii. ccxxxi. 133 Their [sc. the infants killed by Herod] whiter Names Being dyed deep in rubie Martyrdome.

1958 P. Gibbs Curtains of Yesterday 60 We shall never get rid of war until a great nation like ours adopts passive resistance, even at the cost of martyrdom.

1975 ELH 42 411 The Victorians responded in kind to Dickens' diminished orphans..responding to their martyrdoms with ‘no language but a cry’.

1993 San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chron. 10 Jan. d6/2 Ice Cube..compares his impending death to the martyrdom of JFK and Malcolm X.

c. In extended use: sufferings and penalties involved in maintaining a particular (usually moral or ethical) position or point of view. In later use frequently: exaggerated self-sacrifice.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > sacrifice for sake of higher claim > loss entailed by

martyrdom1703

1703 W. Burkitt Expos. Notes New Test. Matt. xiv. 11 It is as true a Martyrdom, to Suffer for Duty, as for Faith.

1816 Ld. Byron Monody Death Sheridan 67 Repose denies her requiem to his name, And Folly loves the martyrdom of Fame.

1825 Lancet 5 Mar. 273/1 There will..be many candidates for this novel species of critical martyrdom.

1847 A. Helps Friends in Council I. vii. 102 Social martyrdoms place no saints upon the calendar.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. xxxviii. 296 It is not martyrdom to pay bills that one has run into one's self.

1914 S. Lewis Our Mr. Wrenn xiii. 166 He dictated so busily..that he forgot the girl's air of high-class martyrdom.

1961 R. Park Good Looking Women (1962) xii. 228 She..went on scrubbing a saucepan, with an infuriating expression of martyrdom.

1970 N. Bawden Birds on Trees ii. 30 It's just self-imposed martyrdom—she thinks it virtuous to be unhappy!

1989 M. Beattie Beyond Codependency ii. vii. 66 A return to martyrdom..is another warning sign. This would include resuming the belief that we can't enjoy life or have fun today, this week, or this month; life is something to be ‘gotten through’ [etc.].

d. A representation of the death of a martyr, esp. in painting. Also: an account of the death of a martyr.

ΚΠ

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 149 On the altar of this chapel is the martyrdom of St. Sebastian, in oil colours, by Domenichino.

1793 (title) Description of a correct representation of the guillotine..called, the martyrdom of Louis XVI..with which print this is given.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xii. 317 The collection was richest in the Saints and Martyrdoms of Domenichino, Velasquez, and Murillo.

1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art II. 159 The ‘Martyrdom of St. Laurence’ by Baccio Bandinelli the sculptor, is arranged as a scenic bas-relief.

1937 A. Thirkell Summer Half ii. 60 An Arundel print of the Martyrdom of St Ursula.

1973 A. E. A. Reymond (title) Four martyrdoms from the Pierpont Morgan Coptic codices.

1984 Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. 102 133 (heading) The martyrdom wall-painting at St. Leonard's Church, Stowell.

1985 Apollo 140 304 (heading) The martyrdom of St. Andrew: a newly discovered terracotta relief by Giacomo Serpetta.

†2. Slaughter. Chiefly in to make martyrdom. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun]

sleightc893

wal-slaught?a900

qualeeOE

deathOE

swordc1000

morthOE

slaughta1225

destroyingc1300

drepingc1300

martyrdomc1325

murderc1325

mortc1330

sleighterc1330

slaughter1338

iron and firea1387

murraina1387

manslaughtera1400

martyre?a1400

quella1425

occision?a1430

decease1513

destruction1526

slaughting1535

butchery?1536

butchering1572

massacrea1578

slaughterdom1592

slaughtering1597

carnage1600

massacring1600

slaughtery1604

internecion1610

decimationa1613

destroy1616

trucidation1623

stragea1632

sword-wrack1646

interemption1656

carnifice1657

panolethry1668

butcher work1808

bloodbath1814

populicide1824

man-slaughtering1851

battue1864

mass murder1917

genocide1944

overkill1957

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (intransitive)]

slayc893

to make martyrdomc1325

spill1390

to make martyre?a1400

overkill1946

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1817 He wolde..þe christen-men alle sle..Suþþe god was ibore, þer nas uor cristendom In so lute stounde ido so gret martirdom.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. i.viij/2 I shold make grete marterdom on these Paynyms.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 289 He sic martirdome thair maid, That he the furde all stoppit had.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 163 (MED) He be-gan to do so grete martirdom of peple, and so grete occision.

a1618 J. Sylvester Tobacco Battered 692 By This, th' Iberian Argonauts May be suppos'd..T' have kill'd more Men then by their Martyrdom, Or Massacre.

1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. iv. x. f. 177^v When first I saw her louely countenance..Which set my soule on fire, enflamde each part Making a martyrdome of my poore hart.

1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 73 Beate us alive, till we an oile become. Can there to Birdes be a worse martyrdome?

1777 E. Thompson & W. C. Price (title) The works of Flavius Josephus containing..the history of the martyrdom of the Maccabees, and the wars of the Jews.

1833 E. Burton Lect. Eccl. Hist. II. xxviii. 414 The martyrdom of the Theban legion..may be said to have taken place about the year 286, when Herculeus was on his march into Gaul.

3. Torment, agony; extreme or severe pain or suffering, esp. when protracted or prolonged.Often used hyperbolically in 18th-cent. and later quots.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun]

tintreghc893

threat971

piningOE

murderOE

anguish?c1225

woea1250

pinec1275

tormentc1290

languorc1300

heartbreakc1330

surcarkingc1330

martyrement1340

threst1340

agonyc1384

martyrdomc1384

tormentryc1386

martyre?a1400

tormentisec1405

rack?a1425

anguishing1433

angorc1450

anguishnessa1475

torture?c1550

heartsickness1556

butchery1582

heartache1587

anguishment1592

living hell1596

discruciation1597

heart-aching1607

throeing1615

rigour1632

crucifixion1648

lancination1649

bosom-hell1674

heart-rending1707

brain-racking1708

tormentation1789

bosom-throe1827

angoisse1910

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment

piningOE

anguishc1225

pinsing?c1225

tormentc1290

afflictiona1382

martyrdomc1384

tormentryc1386

labourc1390

martyryc1390

throea1393

martyre?a1400

cruelty14..

rack?a1425

hacheec1430

prong1440

agonya1450

ragea1450

pang1482

sowing1487

cruciation1496

afflict?1529

torture?c1550

pincha1566

anguishment1592

discruciament1593

excruciation1618

fellness1642

afflictedness1646

pungency1649

perialgia1848

perialgy1857

racking1896

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) IV. 2 Tim. 464 Prol. Also he wrytith to Tymothe of the exortacioun of martirdom.

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1460 Who koude ryme in englyssh proprely His martirdom.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 117 Yf we were suche as I trowed, we sholde not suffre the martyrdome that we endure.

?1555 M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller Treat. Death ii. i. 177 Chryste, hangynge in greate Martyrdome vpon the crosse.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iv. 64 Were the happinesse of the next world as closely apprehended as the felicities of this, it were a martyrdome to live.

1690 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1911) 9 360 It was cleere; & evident to all those, y^t knew y^e state of her soule. That this was a supernaturall exercise of God in her, & a Marterdume of Love.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 113 Here all his suff'ring brotherhood retire, And 'scape the martyrdom of jakes and fire.

1799 C. T. Smith What is She? ii. i. 13 I beg..you won't expose us by your vulgarity... 'Tis a martyrdom to a person of sentiment to hear you.

1811 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. v. 139 Only think what martyrdom I underwent in entertaining..this prim damsel from one o'clock to seven.

1838 T. Carlyle Coll. Lett. (1985) X. 116 Dinner..is martyrdom to me; which I never submit to.

1874 A. Trollope Lady Anna II. xxxvi. 151 The martyrdom through which she had passed in Bedford Square had changed..her feelings in regard to her cousin.

1935 D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night vi. 126 The Dean hovered about the Chancellor..in a martyrdom of nervous apprehension.

4. The north-west transept of Canterbury Cathedral.So called because it is the place where Thomas à Becket (St Thomas of Canterbury) was murdered (1170).

ΚΠ

c1531 T. Benolte Visit. Kent (1923) I. 3 The lorde ffynyeckes..lyes buryede at the marter dome of Saynt Thomas in the said churche.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 228 Here lies interred in the Martyrdome an Archbishop.

1726 J. Dart Hist. Canterbury Cathedral 60 In the North-Cross or Martyrdom, where are the Tombs of the Archbishops.

1855 A. P. Stanley Hist. Memorials Canterbury II. 65 The transept in which the knights found themselves is the same as that which..is still known by its ancient name of ‘The Martyrdom’.

1974 H. Waddams Canterbury Cathedral 9 The Chapel leading out of the Martyrdom is reserved for private prayer.

1995 C. Wilson in P. Collinson et al. Hist. Canterbury Cathedral x. 488 Warham's tomb in the Martyrdom is the largest of the Cathedral's medieval monuments.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	martyrdom
释义	martyrdomn. Brit. /ˈmɑːtədəm/, U.S. /ˈmɑrdərdəm/ Forms: see martyr n. and -dom suffix; also Middle English marrtirdom, Middle English merterdome, Middle English mertydam (transmission error), 1600s marterdume. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: martyr n., -dom suffix. Etymology: < martyr n. + -dom suffix. Compare German Märtyrertum, Danish martyrdom (rare; the usual Danish words are martyrium and martyrdød). 1. a. Christian Church. The sufferings and death of a martyr (martyr n. 1a); the act of becoming or the condition of being a martyr. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > martyrdom > [noun] martyrdomeOE martyrshipa1661 martyry1677 witnessdom1877 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) viii. 53 On ða tiid wæs to herigeanne ðæt mon wilnode biscephades, ða ðe nan twio næs ðæt he ðurh ðone sceolde cuman to hefegum martyrdome. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. vii. 40 Ðær wæs cyrice geworht..his þrowunge & martyrdome wyrþe. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 173 He sceal..his martyrdom for Cristes lufæ þrowæn on Antecristes daȝum. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 129 Maniȝe þusend..here clannesse ihelden and manieskennes martirdom ðar fore ðolede. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9830 He huld it al wreche of god vor sein tomas martirdom. c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 274 The palme of martirdom for to receyue. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 31 The faith has tane..strenth throu the tribulaciouns and persecuciouns and marterdome of haly marteris. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. i. 68/2 The cause of whose martirdome was the reprehending of Idolatrie. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. iii. sig. Ee3^v An huge hoste..With which he godly Oswald shall subdew, And crowne with martiredome his sacred head. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 58 We saw..another show, representing the martyrdom of all the Apostles. 1688 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 568 The Martyrdome day of K. Charles the First. 1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts i. xxx. 324 The Martyrdome of the Holy Innocents. a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 44 In the choeur of the church is a good, old picture of the martyrdom of St Pierre by Brenet. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. ix. 374 He had spent his time in encouraging catholics to persevere to martyrdom for their faith. 1878 ‘G. Eliot’ in Macmillan's Mag. July 168 What is martyrdom But death-defying utterance of belief? 1903 J. H. Matthews Mass & Folklore 113 The names of those Romans who had suffered martyrdom prior to the..final settlement of the Canon. 1987 Sunday Times 4 Oct. 19/4 It was like an act of martyrdom. One monk came out and was on fire in the doorway. 1994 Lay Witness (U.S.) Oct. 3/1 A mother who exhorts each of her seven sons to endure martyrdom rather than abjure God and sacrifice to an idol. b. In non-Christian contexts: the killing or sacrifice of a person in defence of a belief, cause, etc.; a person's death comparable in some manner to the death of a Christian martyr. rare before 20th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > [noun] > for ideological reason martyrdom1488 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 1343 The lokmen than, thai bur Wallace but baid On-till a place his martyrdom to tak. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche viii. ccxxxi. 133 Their [sc. the infants killed by Herod] whiter Names Being dyed deep in rubie Martyrdome. 1958 P. Gibbs Curtains of Yesterday 60 We shall never get rid of war until a great nation like ours adopts passive resistance, even at the cost of martyrdom. 1975 ELH 42 411 The Victorians responded in kind to Dickens' diminished orphans..responding to their martyrdoms with ‘no language but a cry’. 1993 San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chron. 10 Jan. d6/2 Ice Cube..compares his impending death to the martyrdom of JFK and Malcolm X. c. In extended use: sufferings and penalties involved in maintaining a particular (usually moral or ethical) position or point of view. In later use frequently: exaggerated self-sacrifice. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > sacrifice for sake of higher claim > loss entailed by martyrdom1703 1703 W. Burkitt Expos. Notes New Test. Matt. xiv. 11 It is as true a Martyrdom, to Suffer for Duty, as for Faith. 1816 Ld. Byron Monody Death Sheridan 67 Repose denies her requiem to his name, And Folly loves the martyrdom of Fame. 1825 Lancet 5 Mar. 273/1 There will..be many candidates for this novel species of critical martyrdom. 1847 A. Helps Friends in Council I. vii. 102 Social martyrdoms place no saints upon the calendar. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. xxxviii. 296 It is not martyrdom to pay bills that one has run into one's self. 1914 S. Lewis Our Mr. Wrenn xiii. 166 He dictated so busily..that he forgot the girl's air of high-class martyrdom. 1961 R. Park Good Looking Women (1962) xii. 228 She..went on scrubbing a saucepan, with an infuriating expression of martyrdom. 1970 N. Bawden Birds on Trees ii. 30 It's just self-imposed martyrdom—she thinks it virtuous to be unhappy! 1989 M. Beattie Beyond Codependency ii. vii. 66 A return to martyrdom..is another warning sign. This would include resuming the belief that we can't enjoy life or have fun today, this week, or this month; life is something to be ‘gotten through’ [etc.]. d. A representation of the death of a martyr, esp. in painting. Also: an account of the death of a martyr. ΚΠ 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 149 On the altar of this chapel is the martyrdom of St. Sebastian, in oil colours, by Domenichino. 1793 (title) Description of a correct representation of the guillotine..called, the martyrdom of Louis XVI..with which print this is given. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xii. 317 The collection was richest in the Saints and Martyrdoms of Domenichino, Velasquez, and Murillo. 1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art II. 159 The ‘Martyrdom of St. Laurence’ by Baccio Bandinelli the sculptor, is arranged as a scenic bas-relief. 1937 A. Thirkell Summer Half ii. 60 An Arundel print of the Martyrdom of St Ursula. 1973 A. E. A. Reymond (title) Four martyrdoms from the Pierpont Morgan Coptic codices. 1984 Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. 102 133 (heading) The martyrdom wall-painting at St. Leonard's Church, Stowell. 1985 Apollo 140 304 (heading) The martyrdom of St. Andrew: a newly discovered terracotta relief by Giacomo Serpetta. †2. Slaughter. Chiefly in to make martyrdom. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun] sleightc893 wal-slaught?a900 qualeeOE deathOE swordc1000 morthOE slaughta1225 destroyingc1300 drepingc1300 martyrdomc1325 murderc1325 mortc1330 sleighterc1330 slaughter1338 iron and firea1387 murraina1387 manslaughtera1400 martyre?a1400 quella1425 occision?a1430 decease1513 destruction1526 slaughting1535 butchery?1536 butchering1572 massacrea1578 slaughterdom1592 slaughtering1597 carnage1600 massacring1600 slaughtery1604 internecion1610 decimationa1613 destroy1616 trucidation1623 stragea1632 sword-wrack1646 interemption1656 carnifice1657 panolethry1668 butcher work1808 bloodbath1814 populicide1824 man-slaughtering1851 battue1864 mass murder1917 genocide1944 overkill1957 the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (intransitive)] slayc893 to make martyrdomc1325 spill1390 to make martyre?a1400 overkill1946 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1817 He wolde..þe christen-men alle sle..Suþþe god was ibore, þer nas uor cristendom In so lute stounde ido so gret martirdom. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. i.viij/2 I shold make grete marterdom on these Paynyms. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vi. 289 He sic martirdome thair maid, That he the furde all stoppit had. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 163 (MED) He be-gan to do so grete martirdom of peple, and so grete occision. a1618 J. Sylvester Tobacco Battered 692 By This, th' Iberian Argonauts May be suppos'd..T' have kill'd more Men then by their Martyrdom, Or Massacre. 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. iv. x. f. 177^v When first I saw her louely countenance..Which set my soule on fire, enflamde each part Making a martyrdome of my poore hart. 1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 73 Beate us alive, till we an oile become. Can there to Birdes be a worse martyrdome? 1777 E. Thompson & W. C. Price (title) The works of Flavius Josephus containing..the history of the martyrdom of the Maccabees, and the wars of the Jews. 1833 E. Burton Lect. Eccl. Hist. II. xxviii. 414 The martyrdom of the Theban legion..may be said to have taken place about the year 286, when Herculeus was on his march into Gaul. 3. Torment, agony; extreme or severe pain or suffering, esp. when protracted or prolonged.Often used hyperbolically in 18th-cent. and later quots. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun] tintreghc893 threat971 piningOE murderOE anguish?c1225 woea1250 pinec1275 tormentc1290 languorc1300 heartbreakc1330 surcarkingc1330 martyrement1340 threst1340 agonyc1384 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 martyre?a1400 tormentisec1405 rack?a1425 anguishing1433 angorc1450 anguishnessa1475 torture?c1550 heartsickness1556 butchery1582 heartache1587 anguishment1592 living hell1596 discruciation1597 heart-aching1607 throeing1615 rigour1632 crucifixion1648 lancination1649 bosom-hell1674 heart-rending1707 brain-racking1708 tormentation1789 bosom-throe1827 angoisse1910 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment piningOE anguishc1225 pinsing?c1225 tormentc1290 afflictiona1382 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 labourc1390 martyryc1390 throea1393 martyre?a1400 cruelty14.. rack?a1425 hacheec1430 prong1440 agonya1450 ragea1450 pang1482 sowing1487 cruciation1496 afflict?1529 torture?c1550 pincha1566 anguishment1592 discruciament1593 excruciation1618 fellness1642 afflictedness1646 pungency1649 perialgia1848 perialgy1857 racking1896 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) IV. 2 Tim. 464 Prol. Also he wrytith to Tymothe of the exortacioun of martirdom. c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1460 Who koude ryme in englyssh proprely His martirdom. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iv. 117 Yf we were suche as I trowed, we sholde not suffre the martyrdome that we endure. ?1555 M. Coverdale tr. O. Werdmueller Treat. Death ii. i. 177 Chryste, hangynge in greate Martyrdome vpon the crosse. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iv. 64 Were the happinesse of the next world as closely apprehended as the felicities of this, it were a martyrdome to live. 1690 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1911) 9 360 It was cleere; & evident to all those, y^t knew y^e state of her soule. That this was a supernaturall exercise of God in her, & a Marterdume of Love. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 113 Here all his suff'ring brotherhood retire, And 'scape the martyrdom of jakes and fire. 1799 C. T. Smith What is She? ii. i. 13 I beg..you won't expose us by your vulgarity... 'Tis a martyrdom to a person of sentiment to hear you. 1811 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. v. 139 Only think what martyrdom I underwent in entertaining..this prim damsel from one o'clock to seven. 1838 T. Carlyle Coll. Lett. (1985) X. 116 Dinner..is martyrdom to me; which I never submit to. 1874 A. Trollope Lady Anna II. xxxvi. 151 The martyrdom through which she had passed in Bedford Square had changed..her feelings in regard to her cousin. 1935 D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night vi. 126 The Dean hovered about the Chancellor..in a martyrdom of nervous apprehension. 4. The north-west transept of Canterbury Cathedral.So called because it is the place where Thomas à Becket (St Thomas of Canterbury) was murdered (1170). ΚΠ c1531 T. Benolte Visit. Kent (1923) I. 3 The lorde ffynyeckes..lyes buryede at the marter dome of Saynt Thomas in the said churche. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 228 Here lies interred in the Martyrdome an Archbishop. 1726 J. Dart Hist. Canterbury Cathedral 60 In the North-Cross or Martyrdom, where are the Tombs of the Archbishops. 1855 A. P. Stanley Hist. Memorials Canterbury II. 65 The transept in which the knights found themselves is the same as that which..is still known by its ancient name of ‘The Martyrdom’. 1974 H. Waddams Canterbury Cathedral 9 The Chapel leading out of the Martyrdom is reserved for private prayer. 1995 C. Wilson in P. Collinson et al. Hist. Canterbury Cathedral x. 488 Warham's tomb in the Martyrdom is the largest of the Cathedral's medieval monuments. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.eOE
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