Margaretn.

Brit.

/ˈmɑːɡ(ə)rᵻt/, U.S.

/ˈmɑrɡrət/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s Margarete, late Middle English– Margaret, 1500s Margarette; 1800s– Marget (British regional). Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Margareta, Margarita.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Margareta, variant of Margarita, female forename (and name of a celebrated saint) < classical Latin margarīta pearl (see margarite n.¹). Compare also marguerite n.Post-classical Latin Margareta was current in the Old English period both as the saint's name and as the name of individuals. In Middle English Margarete (also Maregrete , Margret , Marharete , Mergrete ) as a forename is generally distinguished by the -et(e) ending from the word meaning ‘pearl’, ending in -ite ; the etymological connection was, however, recognized and played upon then and in later times (compare quots. 1447, a1649). The following quots. illustrate some variant spellings of the name:lOE St. Margaret (Corpus Cambr.) (1994) 156 Seo eadiga Margarete him þa geandswarede.a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 3 Þe vie of one meidan, was hoten maregrete.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iv. 37 Hou he Rauischede..Mergrete of hire Maydenhod.?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 205 Sussanne, katerine, margare [v.r. margarete], anneys.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 10 This sexefold propyrte Of the margaryte, wych deuly longe To Seynt Margarete be congruyte Of simylytude.a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 186 An Epitaph of one named Margaret. In shells, and gold, Pearles are not kept alone, A Margaret here lies beneath a stone. The name, which has been popular in English as a female forename since the mid 14th cent., has given rise to many shortened forms and pet forms. For applications of some of these see madge n.¹, mag n.⁴, mag n.², maggot n.², Meg n.¹, Peg n.², and peggy n.² Compare also maggot n.¹, margery n.¹ Application to the daisy (see sense 1) is after Old French margarite, apparently developed from the sense ‘pearl’, rather than from the formally identical Old French personal name (see margarite n.¹). When the word in this sense was borrowed into English it was associated with the personal name, the English equivalent of which was Margaret(e) , to which it was therefore assimilated, remaining distinct from margarit(e) ‘pearl’ in the Middle English period (compare later forms in -et(e) showing assimilation to the personal name s.v.). (The identity of this word for ‘daisy’ with the proper name led also to use of Daisy punningly as a pet form of Margaret , although later currency as a personal name owes much to the 19th-cent. vogue for flower names as personal names.) With sense 3a compare margate n. and etymological discussion at that entry.

1. A daisy; esp. the common daisy, Bellis perennis, and the ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare. More fully Margaret flower. Cf. herb Margaret n. at herb n. Compounds 2b, marguerite n. British regional in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > daisy

daisyc1000

bruisewortOE

primerolea1350

Margaretc1425

gowan1570

primrose1579

marguerite1605

bruise root1698

dog daisy1821

ewe-flower1825

marguerite1847

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 1206 (MED) Aurora..With þe swetnes of hir siluer schoures Bedewed had..Þe sote lillye and þe margarete For to vnclose her tender leuys white.

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. gg.i^v Bryngynge me a floure called the margarete.

c1518 R. Amadas in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. xxviii. 284 Item deliveryd oone peyre of gilte Pottys chafid with Portcullys and Margaret Flouers poiss. iiijcxxvij ounces.

1532 (a1475) Assembly of Ladies 57 in W. W. Skeat Chaucerian & Other Pieces (1897) 382 With margarettes growing in ordinaunce.

a1607 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball (MS notes) (Bibl. Mus. Brit. 442, h. 9) p. 126 (Britten & Holl.) Brave Margaret.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Ox-eye,..also an Herb otherwise call'd Great Margaret, good for Wounds and the King's Evil.

1888 F. A. Lees Flora W. Yorks. 285 Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. ‘Ox-eye’. Moon Daisy. Dog Daisy. ‘Margarets’.

a. A variety of dessert apple with a red-streaked skin. More fully Margaret apple.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples

Bretonc1390

stur1483

marigold apple1577

fritter1591

Margaret1597

critling1611

cat's-head1617

rosiar1620

rose apple1626

snouting1651

roundling1655

mayflower1664

red greening1664

seaming1664

sheep's snout1664

spicing apple1664

violet-apple1664

pomme d'api1676

rathe-ripe1677

rose1678

lady's finger1688

stone apple1736

sops-in-wine1764

stone pippin1769

Manx codlin1818

Rymer1820

Roxbury russet1826

souring1832

genet1833

tompot1836

Wagener1848

flesh and blood1853

pick-thong1871

virgin1886

Jon1931

Idared1942

1597 Table Valuation & Prices f. 7^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Margaret the pund thairof.., marmelaid the pund thairof.

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 70 in Sylva The Margaret-apple.

1726 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3) Margaret-Apple, is one of the best and most early, usually ripe about St. Margaret's Day in June.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Apple tree The next is the Margaret apple: this fruit is not so long as the codlin, and of a middle size.

1834 Penny Cycl. II. 190/1 Early red Margaret [apple].

1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 16 Margaret... Flesh white, brisk, juicy, and vinous.

1993 J. Morgan & A. Richards Bk. Apples 233/2 Margaret,..ripening around St. Margaret's or St. Magdalen's Day, July 22nd.

†b. A variety of early-ripening dessert pear. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of

calewey1377

honey peara1400

pome-pear1440

pome-wardena1513

choke-pear1530

muscadel1555

worry pear1562

lording1573

bon-chrétienc1575

Burgundian pear1578

king pear1585

pound pear1585

poppering1597

wood of Jerusalem1597

muscadine1598

amiot1600

bergamot1600

butter pear1600

dew-pear1600

greening1600

mollart1600

roset1600

wax pear1600

bottle pear1601

gourd-pear1601

Venerian pear1601

musk pear1611

rose pear1611

pusill1615

Christian1629

nutmeg1629

rolling pear1629

surreine1629

sweater1629

amber pear1638

Venus-pear1648

horse-pear1657

Martin1658

russet1658

rousselet1660

diego1664

frith-pear1664

maudlin1664

Messire Jean1664

primate1664

sovereign1664

spindle-pear1664

stopple-pear1664

sugar-pear1664

virgin1664

Windsor pear1664

violet-pear1666

nonsuch1674

muscat1675

burnt-cat1676

squash pear1676

rose1678

Longueville1681

maiden-heart1685

ambrette1686

vermilion1691

admiral1693

sanguinole1693

satin1693

St. Germain pear1693

pounder pear1697

vine-pear1704

amadot1706

marchioness1706

marquise1706

Margaret1707

short-neck1707

musk1708

burree1719

marquis1728

union pear1728

Doyenne pear1731

Magdalene1731

beurré1736

colmar1736

Monsieur Jean1736

muscadella1736

swan's egg1736

chaumontel1755

St Michael's pear1796

Williams1807

Marie Louise1817

seckel1817

Bartlett1828

vergaloo1828

Passe Colmar1837

glou-morceau1859

London sugar1860

snow-pear1860

Comice1866

Kieffer pear1880

sand pear1880

sandy pear1884

snowy pear1884

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 543 The Margaret, the Maudlin, the Cluster Pear.

a. U.S. and Caribbean. More fully margaret-fish, margaret-grunt. The margate, Haemulon album.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Pomadysidae (grunts) > member of genus Haemulon

grunta1705

red-mouth1704

porgy1725

margate1735

Margareta1757

redthroat1840

flannel-mouth1882

redgullet1890

a1757 P. H. Bruce Memoirs (1782) xii. 424 The sea hereabouts abounds with fish unknown to us in Europe;..those for food are, the king-fish, jew-fish, hog-fish, pork-fish, mutton-fish, rock-fish, Margaret-fish, [etc.].

1892 Inst. Jamaica Bull. No. 1. 8/2 Genus, Haemulon... H. acutum, Poey. Bastard Margaret... H. gibbosum (Schn.) Jord. Margaret Grunt.

1902 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Amer. Food & Game Fishes 422 The name margate-fish appears to have been derived from Margate, a well-known seaport..in England... In the Bahamas and at Key West the name is now variously corrupted into margat, market, margaret, and margarite.

1935 L. S. Caine Game Fish of South i. 85 The margaretfish or margaret grunt is one of the largest members of the grunt family, and is found from Florida south to Brazil.

1961 F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk 323 Margaret grunt and bastard Margaret were names recorded by Cockrell [quot. 1892]; only the former appears to survive.

b. bastard margaret n. U.S. and Caribbean (now rare) a grunt found in tropical waters of the West Atlantic, Haemulon parra.Also called sailor's choice.

ΚΠ

1885 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 1884 7 158 Hæmulon acutum Poey. ‘Bastard Margaret.’ Hæmulon chromis Günther.

1903 J. A. Henshall Bass, Pike, Perch & Others 330 The Sailor's Choice (Hæmulon parra). This grunt is sometimes called bastard margaret by the Key West fisherman.

1983 J. S. Zaneveld Caribbean Fish Life 68 Haemulon parrai (Desmarest) E[nglish]: sailor's choice..; bastard margaret.

4. British regional. A magpie; cf. madge n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > pica pica (magpie)

haggistera1225

piea1225

piet?a1513

maggoty-pie1573

magpie1589

pianet1594

haggess1599

maw-pie1618

pie-maggot1628

mag1802

madge1823

maggie1825

maggot1848

Margaret1854

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 2 Margaret, Marget, a magpie.

1870 F. P. Verney Lettice Lisle xvii. 185 ‘Look at them margets!’..as three magpies flew by.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	margaret
释义	Margaretn. Brit. /ˈmɑːɡ(ə)rᵻt/, U.S. /ˈmɑrɡrət/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s Margarete, late Middle English– Margaret, 1500s Margarette; 1800s– Marget (British regional). Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Margareta, Margarita. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Margareta, variant of Margarita, female forename (and name of a celebrated saint) < classical Latin margarīta pearl (see margarite n.¹). Compare also marguerite n.Post-classical Latin Margareta was current in the Old English period both as the saint's name and as the name of individuals. In Middle English Margarete (also Maregrete , Margret , Marharete , Mergrete ) as a forename is generally distinguished by the -et(e) ending from the word meaning ‘pearl’, ending in -ite ; the etymological connection was, however, recognized and played upon then and in later times (compare quots. 1447, a1649). The following quots. illustrate some variant spellings of the name:lOE St. Margaret (Corpus Cambr.) (1994) 156 Seo eadiga Margarete him þa geandswarede.a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 3 Þe vie of one meidan, was hoten maregrete.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iv. 37 Hou he Rauischede..Mergrete of hire Maydenhod.?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 205 Sussanne, katerine, margare [v.r. margarete], anneys.1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 10 This sexefold propyrte Of the margaryte, wych deuly longe To Seynt Margarete be congruyte Of simylytude.a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 186 An Epitaph of one named Margaret. In shells, and gold, Pearles are not kept alone, A Margaret here lies beneath a stone. The name, which has been popular in English as a female forename since the mid 14th cent., has given rise to many shortened forms and pet forms. For applications of some of these see madge n.¹, mag n.⁴, mag n.², maggot n.², Meg n.¹, Peg n.², and peggy n.² Compare also maggot n.¹, margery n.¹ Application to the daisy (see sense 1) is after Old French margarite, apparently developed from the sense ‘pearl’, rather than from the formally identical Old French personal name (see margarite n.¹). When the word in this sense was borrowed into English it was associated with the personal name, the English equivalent of which was Margaret(e) , to which it was therefore assimilated, remaining distinct from margarit(e) ‘pearl’ in the Middle English period (compare later forms in -et(e) showing assimilation to the personal name s.v.). (The identity of this word for ‘daisy’ with the proper name led also to use of Daisy punningly as a pet form of Margaret , although later currency as a personal name owes much to the 19th-cent. vogue for flower names as personal names.) With sense 3a compare margate n. and etymological discussion at that entry. 1. A daisy; esp. the common daisy, Bellis perennis, and the ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare. More fully Margaret flower. Cf. herb Margaret n. at herb n. Compounds 2b, marguerite n. British regional in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > composite flowers > daisy daisyc1000 bruisewortOE primerolea1350 Margaretc1425 gowan1570 primrose1579 marguerite1605 bruise root1698 dog daisy1821 ewe-flower1825 marguerite1847 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 1206 (MED) Aurora..With þe swetnes of hir siluer schoures Bedewed had..Þe sote lillye and þe margarete For to vnclose her tender leuys white. ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. gg.i^v Bryngynge me a floure called the margarete. c1518 R. Amadas in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. xxviii. 284 Item deliveryd oone peyre of gilte Pottys chafid with Portcullys and Margaret Flouers poiss. iiijcxxvij ounces. 1532 (a1475) Assembly of Ladies 57 in W. W. Skeat Chaucerian & Other Pieces (1897) 382 With margarettes growing in ordinaunce. a1607 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball (MS notes) (Bibl. Mus. Brit. 442, h. 9) p. 126 (Britten & Holl.) Brave Margaret. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Ox-eye,..also an Herb otherwise call'd Great Margaret, good for Wounds and the King's Evil. 1888 F. A. Lees Flora W. Yorks. 285 Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L. ‘Ox-eye’. Moon Daisy. Dog Daisy. ‘Margarets’. 2. a. A variety of dessert apple with a red-streaked skin. More fully Margaret apple. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples Bretonc1390 stur1483 marigold apple1577 fritter1591 Margaret1597 critling1611 cat's-head1617 rosiar1620 rose apple1626 snouting1651 roundling1655 mayflower1664 red greening1664 seaming1664 sheep's snout1664 spicing apple1664 violet-apple1664 pomme d'api1676 rathe-ripe1677 rose1678 lady's finger1688 stone apple1736 sops-in-wine1764 stone pippin1769 Manx codlin1818 Rymer1820 Roxbury russet1826 souring1832 genet1833 tompot1836 Wagener1848 flesh and blood1853 pick-thong1871 virgin1886 Jon1931 Idared1942 1597 Table Valuation & Prices f. 7^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Margaret the pund thairof.., marmelaid the pund thairof. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 70 in Sylva The Margaret-apple. 1726 Dict. Rusticum (ed. 3) Margaret-Apple, is one of the best and most early, usually ripe about St. Margaret's Day in June. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Apple tree The next is the Margaret apple: this fruit is not so long as the codlin, and of a middle size. 1834 Penny Cycl. II. 190/1 Early red Margaret [apple]. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 16 Margaret... Flesh white, brisk, juicy, and vinous. 1993 J. Morgan & A. Richards Bk. Apples 233/2 Margaret,..ripening around St. Margaret's or St. Magdalen's Day, July 22nd. †b. A variety of early-ripening dessert pear. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of calewey1377 honey peara1400 pome-pear1440 pome-wardena1513 choke-pear1530 muscadel1555 worry pear1562 lording1573 bon-chrétienc1575 Burgundian pear1578 king pear1585 pound pear1585 poppering1597 wood of Jerusalem1597 muscadine1598 amiot1600 bergamot1600 butter pear1600 dew-pear1600 greening1600 mollart1600 roset1600 wax pear1600 bottle pear1601 gourd-pear1601 Venerian pear1601 musk pear1611 rose pear1611 pusill1615 Christian1629 nutmeg1629 rolling pear1629 surreine1629 sweater1629 amber pear1638 Venus-pear1648 horse-pear1657 Martin1658 russet1658 rousselet1660 diego1664 frith-pear1664 maudlin1664 Messire Jean1664 primate1664 sovereign1664 spindle-pear1664 stopple-pear1664 sugar-pear1664 virgin1664 Windsor pear1664 violet-pear1666 nonsuch1674 muscat1675 burnt-cat1676 squash pear1676 rose1678 Longueville1681 maiden-heart1685 ambrette1686 vermilion1691 admiral1693 sanguinole1693 satin1693 St. Germain pear1693 pounder pear1697 vine-pear1704 amadot1706 marchioness1706 marquise1706 Margaret1707 short-neck1707 musk1708 burree1719 marquis1728 union pear1728 Doyenne pear1731 Magdalene1731 beurré1736 colmar1736 Monsieur Jean1736 muscadella1736 swan's egg1736 chaumontel1755 St Michael's pear1796 Williams1807 Marie Louise1817 seckel1817 Bartlett1828 vergaloo1828 Passe Colmar1837 glou-morceau1859 London sugar1860 snow-pear1860 Comice1866 Kieffer pear1880 sand pear1880 sandy pear1884 snowy pear1884 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 543 The Margaret, the Maudlin, the Cluster Pear. 3. a. U.S. and Caribbean. More fully margaret-fish, margaret-grunt. The margate, Haemulon album. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > family Pomadysidae (grunts) > member of genus Haemulon grunta1705 red-mouth1704 porgy1725 margate1735 Margareta1757 redthroat1840 flannel-mouth1882 redgullet1890 a1757 P. H. Bruce Memoirs (1782) xii. 424 The sea hereabouts abounds with fish unknown to us in Europe;..those for food are, the king-fish, jew-fish, hog-fish, pork-fish, mutton-fish, rock-fish, Margaret-fish, [etc.]. 1892 Inst. Jamaica Bull. No. 1. 8/2 Genus, Haemulon... H. acutum, Poey. Bastard Margaret... H. gibbosum (Schn.) Jord. Margaret Grunt. 1902 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Amer. Food & Game Fishes 422 The name margate-fish appears to have been derived from Margate, a well-known seaport..in England... In the Bahamas and at Key West the name is now variously corrupted into margat, market, margaret, and margarite. 1935 L. S. Caine Game Fish of South i. 85 The margaretfish or margaret grunt is one of the largest members of the grunt family, and is found from Florida south to Brazil. 1961 F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk 323 Margaret grunt and bastard Margaret were names recorded by Cockrell [quot. 1892]; only the former appears to survive. b. bastard margaret n. U.S. and Caribbean (now rare) a grunt found in tropical waters of the West Atlantic, Haemulon parra.Also called sailor's choice. ΚΠ 1885 Proc. U.S. National Mus. 1884 7 158 Hæmulon acutum Poey. ‘Bastard Margaret.’ Hæmulon chromis Günther. 1903 J. A. Henshall Bass, Pike, Perch & Others 330 The Sailor's Choice (Hæmulon parra). This grunt is sometimes called bastard margaret by the Key West fisherman. 1983 J. S. Zaneveld Caribbean Fish Life 68 Haemulon parrai (Desmarest) E[nglish]: sailor's choice..; bastard margaret. 4. British regional. A magpie; cf. madge n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > pica pica (magpie) haggistera1225 piea1225 piet?a1513 maggoty-pie1573 magpie1589 pianet1594 haggess1599 maw-pie1618 pie-maggot1628 mag1802 madge1823 maggie1825 maggot1848 Margaret1854 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 2 Margaret, Marget, a magpie. 1870 F. P. Verney Lettice Lisle xvii. 185 ‘Look at them margets!’..as three magpies flew by. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1425
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