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单词 matross
释义

matrossn.

Brit. /məˈtrɒs/, U.S. /məˈtrɔs/, /məˈtrɑs/
Forms: 1600s matrozes (plural), 1600s montross, 1600s– matross, 1700s mattrass, 1700s montrass, 1700s–1800s mattross.
Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch matroos.
Etymology: < Dutch matroos sailor of the lowest rank (1584; > German Matrose , Danish matros , Swedish matros ) < French matelots , plural of matelot sailor (see matelot n.).The plural form matrozes in quot. 1639 may reflect the Dutch plural matrozen.
Military. Now historical.
An artillery soldier next in rank below a gunner. In the U.S. artillery: a private.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > artilleryman > assistants
match-man1612
fireworker1617
matross1639
bombardier1688
gun-lascar1798
sponger1828
horse-holder1837
cartridge-filler1871
society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > one armed with or using firearm > artilleryman > assistants
match-man1612
fireworker1617
matross1639
bombardier1688
gun-lascar1798
horse-holder1837
cartridge-filler1871
1639 in F. Grose Mil. Antiq. (1786) I. 373 Captain of the pioneers, Quarter master, Four conductors of the matrozes, Forty matrozes.
1646 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Fourth Pt. (1701) I. 252 To execute Martial Law..upon all Gunners Matrosses and Soldiers there in pay.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 38 There being in pay..of English and Portuguez, 700. reckoning the Montrosses and Gunners.
1734 London Jrnl. 28 Dec. 3/2 The House is now guarded by some Montrasses, belonging to the Magazine near that Place.
1745 Gentleman's Mag. May 249/2 Artillery:..Wounded—1 Conductor, 2 serjeants..13 Matrosses.
1787 Kent. Trav. Compan. 24 A laboratory, where the mattrosses are employed in the composition of fireworks and cartridges.
1793 Stat. Mass. 22 June [in force until 1810] Each company of Artillery shall consist of one Captain, two Lieutenants,..six Gunners, six Bombardiers,..and thirty two privates or Matrosses.
1815 Chron. App. in Ann. Reg. 212 Total of killed and wounded..11 mattrosses.
1876–7 J. Grant Hist. India I. vii. 40/1 The battery was guarded..by only fifty sepoys and a few European matrosses.
1936 Amer. Hist. Rev. 41 257 According to the returns of the forces at Wills Creek on June 8, the whole army comprised..1736 regulars..62 gunners, matrosses, and artificers of the Royal Regiment of Artillery; and 30 sailors.
1992 A. W. Eckert Sorrow in our Heart 909 A small number of British took part in the Ft. Recovery attack, including Simon Girty as well as a captain and six matrosses (gunner's mates).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1639
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