manufacturen.
/ˌmanjᵿˈfaktʃə/, U.S. /ˌmæn(j)əˈfæk(t)ʃər/ I. Production of goods; an article produced by hand, in a factory, etc.† 4. The action or process of working with the hands; a manual occupation, a handicraft. Obsolete.
1. † a. An article made by hand; a person's handiwork. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > product of work > [noun] > done by hand
handworkOE
craftworkc1425
manufacture1567
handiworka1680
handicraft1891
craft1911
handcraft1920
1567 N. Sanders Treat. Images viii. 72 Yet the image is rather a manufacture, to wit, a thing wrought vpon a creature by the artificers hand, then a seueral creature of it self.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xxxix. 78 Liberty may be rather said to be a Divine Manifacture, then any humane work.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Baucis & Philemon in Fables 156 Heav'ns Pow'r is Infinite: Earth, Air, and Sea, The Manufacture Mass, the making Pow'r obey.
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 254 O Jove!.. Unpiteous of the race thy will began,..thy manufacture, man.
b. An article, material, or commodity produced by physical labour, machinery, etc. †Formerly also as a mass noun.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > manufactured article or product
workOE
making1340
manufacture1587
preparation1590
manufactory1653
manufact1664
manufacturage1665
fabric1753
end-product1939
run-off1952
1587 T. Wilkes in H. Brugmans Correspondentie van R. Dudley (1931) 436 That the bringing of marchandizes from the enemy, termed manufactures, was greatly preiudyciall to that province.
1601 J. Wheeler Treat. Commerce 52 [She] banished out of the low Countries all Manufacture, or handie-worke, as Bayes, &c. made in Englande, Clothe, and Kersye onely excepted.
1611 J. Donne in T. Coryate Crudities sig. d3v If they stoope lower yet, and vent our wares Home-manufactures, to thicke popular faires.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 127 Common-wealths..have..encreased their Power..by selling the Manifactures.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 229 The inhabitants..brought with them a great deal of manufacture, which was lying on the hands of the clothiers and others.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 108 Colchester Bays, a coarse Rug-like Manufacture.
1766 G. G. Beekman Let. 2 May in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 497 Numbers of Person in this and the other Citys are now Clothed Chiefly in our own manufactures.
1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. II. xlvi. 132 The manufacture, of the process of which the following is the outline, is sea-salt.
1890 Spectator 26 Apr. The commercial proposals were at once rejected as giving them dear manufactures.
1901 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 15 248 The manufactural attribute of specific form, according to a human design, which it is the aim of manufactures to impart.
1990 William & Mary Q. 47 568 Small merchants, tradesmen, and farmers proposed the Land Bank or Manufactory Scheme..secured by real estate and redeemable in enumerated local manufactures or commodities.
2. † a. An act or process of making something as if by hand. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > making by hand
manufacture1605
manuduction1772
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. G4v It is not sette downe, that God sayd, Let there be Heauen and Earth,..but actually, that God made Heauen and earth: the one carrying the stile of a Manufacture, and the other of a..decree. View more context for this quotation
b. The action or process of making or producing articles, material, or a commodity (in modern use, usually on a large scale) by physical labour, machinery, etc. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun]
makinglOE
workinga1382
forge1390
fashion1463
facture1574
workmanship1578
fabrication1602
manufaction1602
opificec1616
manufacture1622
makec1631
manufactorya1641
manufact1647
manufacturage1665
manufacturing1669
production1767
mfg.1854
artificing1866
process work1881
machine-production1898
metal-bending1964
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 215 This Law pointed at a true Principle; That where forraine materials are but Superfluities, forraine Manufactures should bee prohibited. For that will either banish the Superfluitie, or gain the Manufacture.
1662 G. Torriano 2nd Alphabet Proverbial Phrases ii. 217/1 at Todeschi To be as the Suisses, viz. who have their wits in their hands, applying much to Manifacture.
1679 J. Dryden in T. Shadwell True Widow Prol. sig. A3v Vice, (the Manufacture of the Nation) O're-stocks the Town so much, and thrives so well, That Fopps and Knaves grow Druggs, and will not sell.
c1735 in B. Willson Great Company (1899) 238 Lastly on the list featured the Mittain beaver, which were utilized in the manufacture of mittens.
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. iv. iv. 418 The custom of using sand in the manufacture of brick.
1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 1 The most perfect manufacture is that which dispenses entirely with manual labour.
1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. v. 204 The conditions to be fulfilled by a continent, for the successful manufacture of rivers, are [etc.].
1887 W. Gladstone in Daily News 10 Jan. 6/1 The most interesting of all manufactures, in my judgment, is the manufacture, apart from the production, of books.
1892 S. R. Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 8 The tin which they needed for the manufacture of bronze.
1912 H. H. Juta Reminisc. Western Circuit 148 I firmly believe that the evil and pernicious system of ‘by-woonerschap’ is more responsible for the manufacture of the poor white than anything else.
1937 Public Opinion Q. Oct. 19 The public distrust of monopoly..has necessitated the manufacture of a counter ideology.
1972 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 37 408 The manufacture of deviance: the case of the Soviet purge, 1936–38.
1992 D. Robins Tarnished Vision x. 103 The Yardies..had secured themselves a number of bases for the sale and manufacture of drugs in the area.
c. A particular branch or form of productive industry. Often with prefixed noun, as linen manufacture, woollen manufacture, worsted manufacture.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > [noun]
industry?1566
manufacture1638
manufact1647
manufactory1832
1638 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 263 The stuffes made or mixed by them with wooll being a great manufacture of this kingdom.
1643 Ordinance Lords & Commons in H. Parker Of Free Trade (1648) The better maintenance of the Trade of Clothing, and the Woollen Manufacture of the Kingdom.
1670 Sir S. Crowe in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 15 If that manifacture [of hangings] had beene under my charge.
1683 J. Poyntz (title) The Present Prospect of the famous and fertile Island of Tobago. With a Description of the Situation, Growth, Fertility and Manufacture of the said Island.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. viii. 276 By means of trade and manufactures, a greater quantity of subsistence can be annually imported. View more context for this quotation
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 490 The late [Portuguese] minister of state,..found it impracticable to raise a glass manufacture into consequence.
1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 33 The capitalist has merely to state..the nature of his manufacture,..when he will be furnished with..estimates.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 555/2 The connection between employers and employed, buyers and sellers, in the woollen and worsted manufactures.
1882 L. P. Brockett Our Country's Wealth & Influence 162/1 Mr Slater, the father of American cotton manufactures.
1900 Westm. Gaz. 17 July 6/3 The neighbourhood..from being the cradle of the Portland Cement industry, has now become the chief seat of the manufacture.
1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) i. 42 Cymogene is compressed and liquefied, and can be used for ice manufacture.
1987 Holiday Which? Sept. 177/2 You can follow the process of woollen manufacture from beginning to end.
d. of home (also foreign, English, etc.) manufacture: manufactured in the place, manner, period, etc., specified.
ΚΠ
1669 S. Sturmy Summary of Penalties & Forfeitures in Mariners Mag. 1 Goods of the growth, production, and manufacture of Asia.
1756 R. Rolt New Dict. Trade (at cited word) It is now prohibited to fine-draw pieces of foreign manufacture upon those made in Great Britain.
1782 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur Lett. from Amer. Farmer viii. 202 First days are the only seasons when it is lawful for both sexes to exhibit some garments of English manufacture.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iii. v. 169 A single article, either of domestic or foreign growth or manufacture.
1844 tr. M. T. Asmar Mem. Babylonian Princess II. 168 Beschir sat on a handsome chair..of English manufacture.
1894 W. C. Russell in Idler Sept. 130 A small brass cannon of very antique pattern and manufacture.
1902 R. N. Bain tr. Tales from Gorky ix. 263 The chums were going along the high-road smoking makharka cigars of their own manufacture.
1930 D. Parker Laments for Living 62 The ash-receivers, of Japanese manufacture, were in the form of grotesque heads.
1978 A. Melville-Ross Blindfold iv. 26 A single ‘Sarin’ or ‘Tabun’ shell of British manufacture found its way to Egypt.
3. A manufacturing establishment or business; a factory. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > factory > [noun]
mill1403
work1581
factory1618
manufacture1623
manuary1625
manufactory1641
fabric1656
hong1726
plant1789
machinery1799
usine1858
oficina1889
officina1906
1623 Privy Council Reg. 30 May (Publ. Rec. Office PC2/31) 375 Many seuerall Manufactures, whein [sic] multitudes of people are sett on worke.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xi. 35 Having seen..the Custom-house, the River, the Army, the Manufactures, stores of Powder, and other particulars..she was lodged in a fair house.
1704 D. Defoe in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1897) App. iv. 88 All my prospects were built on a manufacture I had erected in Essex.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Manufacture,..Also a Workhouse, or Place where such Works are carry'd on.
a1722 J. Lauder Hist. Notices Sc. Affairs (1848) I. 166 The sugar-baking at Leith is declared a manufactor already.
1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) I. 370 The malversations that prevail in the manufactures, magazines, docks and arsenals at Batavia.
1796 Duke of Rutland Jrnl. 18 July in Tour N. Parts Great Brit. (1813) 9 From hence we proceeded to a great cotton-manufacture belonging to Messrs. Columbine; but found we were too late, as the men had all left work for dinner.
1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 87 To establish in London a laboratory, or manufacture of artificial mineral waters.
1880 Cornhill Mag. Dec. 673 The growth of manufactures..had been unpopulating the country to swell the towns.
1903 H. James Ambassadors ii. iv. 44 The concern's a manufacture—and a manufacture that, if it's only properly looked after, may well be on the way to become a monopoly.
1909 Bulletin (Sydney) 22 Apr. 13/4 Until you have manufactures, and more people in the towns, cockying here won't make any Jimmy Tysons.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > manual work
handcraftOE
craftworkOE
handworkOE
manual labour?1406
handworking?a1425
manoeuvre1479
hand labour1517
handiwork1525
handicrafta1535
manuary1581
mechanic1605
manufacture1625
arm labour1677
mechanics1726
hag1797
hag-work1841
1625 C. Burges New Discouery Personal Tithes 7 Such as liue vpon Trade, or other Bargaining, or Manu-facture.
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 45 The other prophaner sort, the men of warre and manifactures, have [etc.].
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 52 Doth it become you..to..take up the Manufacture of cutting your Subjects throats?
1660 Boston Rec. (1877) II. 156 No person shall..occupy any manufacture or science, till hee hath compleated 21 years of age.
1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 63 A private Anatomy Room is to one not accustomed to this kind of Manufacture, very irksome.
II. Extended uses.
5. Production of a work of art, book, play, etc., regarded in terms of craft rather than creativity; (depreciative) unimaginative, uninspired, or commercially-motivated writing, artistry, etc. Also: a book, etc., produced in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > lack of art
manufacture1688
barbarity1860
1688 T. Brown Reasons Mr. Bays 23 The manufacture of Poetry, (pray observe me Gentlemen, I call it a manufacture, because to my self it is more the trouble of the fingers than the labour of the brain).
1800 M. Edgeworth Castle Rackrent Pref. p. v Those who are used to literary manufacture know how much is often sacrificed to the rounding of a period or the pointing an antithesis.
1829 T. Carlyle German Playwrights in Crit. & Misc. Ess. (1840) II. 92 Herein lies the difference between creation and manufacture.
1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 135 The tale and the legend were gay Manufactures well wrought for the day.
1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §88 Ignorance discontented, and dexterous,..imitating what it cannot enjoy, produces the most loathsome forms of manufacture.
1875 Ladies' Repository Jan. 25/1 Trollope sneeringly remarks that..her glorification..of ‘the late cavalry captain’ was merely..a part of her stock in trade for the manufacture of poetry.
1910 G. B. Shaw Brieux 13 The manufacture of well made plays is not an art: it is an industry.
6. Deliberate fabrication of falsehoods or propaganda, esp. on a large scale.
ΚΠ
1788 B. Franklin On Abuse of Press in Writings (1987) 1150 Those Papers are the Manufacture of foreign Enemies among you, who write with a view of disgracing your Country.
1865 T. W. Knox Camp-fire & Cotton-field 91 During the late Rebellion, the brains of the Southern States were wonderfully fertile in the manufacture of falsehood.
1939 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 44 925 The manufacture of propaganda—much of it deliberately misleading—has already become a major industry nearly everywhere in the world.
1970 F. L. Klement Limits of Dissent 242 The manufacture of lies was a common political practice.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
manufacturev.
/ˌmanjᵿˈfaktʃə/, U.S. /ˌmæn(j)əˈfæk(t)ʃər/ 1.
a. transitive. To make (a product, goods, etc.) from, of, or out of raw material; to produce (goods) by physical labour, machinery, etc., now esp. on a large scale. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > manufacture or produce [verb (transitive)]
i-wurchec888
makeeOE
workOE
dighta1175
outworka1325
forge1382
tiffa1400
fabricate1598
elaborate1611
produce1612
manufacture1648
to work off1653
output1858
productionize1939
1648 H. Parker Of Free Trade 21 All other English Merchants..may buy, and vend again all sorts of English Wares that are fully manufactured.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Manufacture, to make by art and labour.
1794 Columbian Gazetteer 6 Feb. 3/3 (advt.) Shall we object to this tune, merely because it is of foreign growth? Certain no. Scarcely a tune that is played is manufactured in America.
1825 J. R. McCulloch Princ. Polit. Econ. i. 35 The facilities given to the exportation of goods manufactured at home.
1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 65 373/1 The manufacturers..manufactured paupers. Where the land produced one pauper, manufacturers created half-a-dozen.
1866 13th Ann. Fair Calif. State Agric. Soc.: Premium List 17/1 For the first 25 bags of sugar of 100 pounds each, manufactured from sorghum..$125 00. For the first 25 bags of sugar of 100 pounds each, manufactured from sugar cane..125 00.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 25 We cannot manufacture any goods unless we have some matter to work upon.
1901 B. T. Washington Up from Slavery x. 152 Last season our students manufactured twelve hundred thousand of first-class bricks, of a quality suitable to be sold in any market.
1904 N. M. Mustain Pop. Amusem. in & out of Doors 342/2 If nothing else is procurable, they can be manufactured out of a couple of sheets of stiff white paper, rolled up tightly into a tapering form.
1922 ‘R. Crompton’ More William (1924) xii. 198 He often whiled away the dullest hours..by..throwing paper pellets at her (manufactured previously for the purpose).
1942 E. Langley Pea Pickers i. 4 He carried on a thriving business of dried tea leaves from which he manufactured reconditioned tea.
1970 Let. 8 July in Decisions Comptroller Gen. U.S. 50 (U.S. General Accounting Office) 241 Offerors will be requested to submit separate prices on blades manufactured of carbon steel and blades manufactured of stainless steel.
1987 C. Thubron Behind Wall iii. 68 China, alone in the world, still manufactures steam engines—blackly gleaming heavyweights.
b. transitive. In extended use (chiefly depreciative): to produce (literary work) in a mechanical or formulaic way, with little or no creativity, imagination, or originality.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > be the author of or write (a work) [verb (transitive)] > compose by mere industry
manufacture1771
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. l. 192 He seems to manufacture his verses for the sole use of the hero.
1809 Ld. Byron Eng. Bards & Sc. Reviewers 4 (note) The poem was manufactured for Messrs. Constable, Murray, and Miller, worshipful Booksellers, in consideration of the receipt of a sum of money; and truly, considering the inspiration, it is a very creditable production.
1856 Ladies' Repository Mar. 170/2 Let us again manufacture some verse..and try if it satisfies the idea of poetry.
1876 G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay I. iii. 134 He was fond of setting himself to manufacture conceits resembling those on the heroes of the Trojan War.
1904 Encycl. Americana VI. at Dumas, Alexandre It was not till he had secured a front rank in literature by his own exertions that he descended to the unworthy plan of employing assistants to manufacture novels to order.
1957 Américas (Eng. ed.) Sept. 36/3 Actually I am a novelist,…but I don't ‘manufacture’ novels. I have them within me, and I write them, simply, unhurriedly, without any idea that they will be published or read.
c. transitive. Of a person, organism, organ, etc.: to produce (a substance, energy, etc.) through a biological process.
ΚΠ
1851 S. A. Cartwright in Debow's Rev. Aug. 194 Looking at a negro asleep, breathing the mephitic air called carbonic acid gas, manufactured in his own lungs.
1876 J. S. Bristowe Treat. Theory & Pract. Med. ii. vi. 854 The liver, besides manufacturing bile, is also an organ for [etc.].
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 464 Poisons manufactured within the system can act in a similar manner.
1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet (1978) i. 12 Unique characteristic of plants is their capacity to manufacture energy from light.
1994 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 55 190 Galen had given prominence to the liver as the organ which continually manufactures blood.
2. † b. intransitive. Of a raw material: to permit of being manufactured. Obsolete. rare.
a. transitive. To make up or bring (raw material, ingredients, etc.) into a form suitable for use; to work up as or convert into a specified product. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > fashion, shape, or form > work up
edify1382
builda1425
to erect into1670
manufacture1683
1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 81 Milk likewise altered and Manufactur'd (if I may call it so) by the good House-Wives Art and Industry, yields many other sorts of good Food.
1683 Britanniæ Speculum 13 Very fine Wooll..but being manufactured into Cloth and Stuffs, is dispersed all over the World.
1716 J. Arbuthnot To Mayor & Aldermen City of London: Humble Petition 2 Totally prohibit the Confining and Manufacturing the Sun-Beams for any of the useful Purposes of Life.
1761 E. Gibbon Jrnl. 4 Aug. in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 107 It may afford such a fund of materials as I desire, which have not yet been properly manufactured.
1798 T. Jones Memoirs (1951) 138 This Tablebeer, with the addition of Brandy, Rum or Geneva, he was manufactoring into Flip.
1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. iv. 178 The method of manufacturing the milk just described, that is, of churning the whole into butter.
1883 Times 2 Apr. 4 A factory in which the ‘leaf’..is manufactured into tea.
1902 Ardrossan Herald 31 Jan. 2/3 The multure is a quantity of grain..sometimes manufactured as flour, meal, sheeling.
1903 Philos. Rev. 12 620 In man..that raw material, that sensible and single picture of that individual..tree may, by the mysterious process of intuition that we call abstraction, be converted, manufactured, into the intellectual universal representation of the tree in itself.
1935 L. Melville Errol 65 Hundreds of tons of potatoes were manufactured into farina at this mill.
1991 Amer. Q. 43 686 Travel destinations such as Sea World or Disneyland..where nature or history is manipulated and manufactured into entertainment rather than preserved.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > manufacture [verb (intransitive)]
manufacture1763
1763 Museum Rusticum (1764) 1 12 The flax thus managed dresses and manufactures much better.
3. transitive. To invent (a fiction); to deliberately fabricate (a story, statement, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > fabrication of statement or story > invent, concoct [verb (transitive)]
forgec1386
contrivec1400
commentc1450
dissimule1483
devisea1535
invent1535
fable1553
coin1561
to make upc1650
manufacture1700
to tell the tale1717
fabricate1779
concoct1792
fob1805
mythologize1851
fabulate1856
phoney1940
1700 R. Blackmore Song of Moses in Paraphr. Job 243 The Fools, the Gods they serve, themselves create, All upstart Deitys of modern Date. Gods the productions of fantastic Fear, Not Gods above, but manufactur'd here.
1762 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) IV. 110 The speech is evidently manufactured by the historian.
1777 A. Hamilton Let. 29 July in Papers (1961) I. 294 Prisoners..know very well how to manufacture stories calculated to serve the purposes of the side they belong to.
1839 T. Carlyle French Revol. (ed. 2) III. v. vi. 300 The largest, most inspiring piece of blague manufactured, for some centuries.
1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter ii. 125 Irish bulls..manufactured for the..anecdote-books betray their artificial origin.
1902 B. L. Gildersleeve in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 23 449 The ancients manufactured a hostility between Homer and Hesiod, Pindar and Bakchylides, Aischylos and Sophocles.
1988 ‘R. Deacon’ Spyclopaedia 51 Boss..made attempts to manufacture evidence against..Western politicians.
4. transitive. To manage or contrive to make (a gesture, etc.); to perform (an act) or bring about (a situation, an occurrence, etc.) by artifice or contrivance.
ΚΠ
1915 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Island xv. 151 ‘Why, Anne, you don't seem a bit pleased!’ she exclaimed. Anne instantly manufactured a smile and put it on.
1940 E. Hemingway For whom Bell Tolls xviii. 230 You couldn't wait for the real Peasant Leader to arrive and he might have too many peasant characteristics when he did. So you had to manufacture one.
1976 Evening Post (Nottingham) 17 Dec. 31/6 Billy Ashcroft and Bobby Shinton, a £20,000 buy from Cambridge, form a dangerous partnership and with the experienced Arfon Griffiths capable of manufacturing openings, it is a test of character for Peter Morris's side.
1988 Golf Monthly June 135/1 Best of all was the 8-iron she manufactured from the back edge of a fairway bunker at the 323 yards 16th.
1996 A. Ghosh Calcutta Chromosome (1997) vii. 37 Various people within the organization put their heads together and manufactured a small research project that would allow him to spend some time in Calcutta.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.1567v.1648