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Mameluken. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Arabic. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Arabic mamlūk, malaka; Latin mameluc; Middle French mameluch; Italian mammalucco. Etymology: < Arabic mamlūk owned, slave (especially white slave, mameluke), passive participle of malaka to possess (see malik n.). In some instances (e.g. quots. 1586, 1600, 1658 at sense 1) via borrowings in other European languages, as post-classical Latin mameluc (12th cent.), mamaluchus (1517 in a British source), Middle French mamelu, mameluch (12th cent. in Old French as mamelon, mamelos, memeloc; French mameluk, mamelouk (1831 in sense ‘fanatical partisan’)), Italian mammalucco (14th cent.; > German Mameluck (15th cent.)), Portuguese mameluco (1513), Spanish mameluco (1585).The form mameluke has been very much the most frequent since at least the late 18th cent. However, many 20th-cent. academic writers prefer the forms mamluk or mamlūk as more accurate transliterations of the Arabic. The Turkish pronunciation is /mɛmluːk/, hence the form memlook. In plural forms mamalucchy, mamaluchi, mamaluchy after Italian. Now historical. society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > member of warrior caste or race society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > dynasty > [noun] > specific Egyptian > member of specific Egyptian 1511 (Pynson) f. ix There was a grete Ambasset of the Soldans towardes Venyce, that hadde in his companye many Mamolukes. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in 279/2 Mammolukes and Genisaries about ye Turk and Sowdan, haue vsed to christen their children of purpose. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye I. 634 Not long since the Souldan of Cayre [was elected] out of the Mammeluckes. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus viii. 320 Certaine principall Mamalukes..euerie of whom was captaine of a thousand inferiour Mamaluks; and their office was to conduct the Soldans forces. 1615 G. Sandys i. 46 Selymus..conquered all Syria and Ægypt from the ruined Mamalucks. 1648 C. Walker ii. 145 [The Egyptians lived] under vassalage to their own Mamaluchi or Mercenaries. 1658 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. Paruta ii. i. 46 It was taken by the aid of the mamalucchy, by James son to the same King illegitimate. 1704 tr. P. Baldæus True Descr. Malabar & Coromandel in A. Churchill & J. Churchill III. 587/2 Most of the Mamaluques..were slain. 1796 Bp. R. Watson vi. 59 It [sc. Egypt] became subject..to the Mamalucs, and now is a province of the Turkish empire. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre (1799) III. 463 The twelve Beys of Egypt, chosen from among the Mamelucs. 1801 Duke of Wellington Memorandum in (1837) I. 314 To urge and encourage the natives of Upper Egypt (Mamelukes and Arabs) to commence operations against them. 1845 ‘E. Warburton’ vii. 57 The Mamelukes were young Georgian or Circassian slaves. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ lviii. 631 I shall not tell how that one solitary Mameluke jumped his horse a hundred feet down from the battlements of the citadel and escaped, because I do not think much of that—I could have done it myself. 1926 T. E. Lawrence (subscribers' ed.) xvii. 85 Conceivably both fort and causeway had been built by an Egyptian Mameluke. 1940 Nov. 152/1 There seems to be no connection between Fatimid art and the miniature painting of the Mamluks. 1968 5 Sept. 293/3 The Mamluk cavalry..went down at Imbabeh under the fire of the French infantry. 1989 Nov. 25/1 The Mameluke men were stripped, emptied into the Nile. society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > in Muslim countries a1529 J. Skelton (1843) II. 41 But this madde Amalecke, Lyke to a Mamelek, He regardeth lordes No more than potshordes. 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy ix. f. 106 The Mammelvcs [Fr. Mammelucs], being al Christians reneaged, and of seruile condition. 1600 R. Hakluyt tr. F. Cieça de Corvalho in (new ed.) III. 718 I shall presently banish all the Mamalukes and white men which dwell in any of those Indian townes. 1836 E. W. Lane I. v. 163 Few of the Egyptians have memloo′ks, or male white slaves. 1844 tr. M. T. Asmar II. 179 His Mamelukes, both white and black. 1884 J. Payne tr. I. 236 Now the Persian had a mameluke, as he were the full moon. society > armed hostility > warrior > lifeguard or bodyguard > [noun] > specific 1531 W. Tyndale sig. D.v Many..are be come the popes mamelukes. 1679 ‘T. Ticklefoot’ 9 When they were listed amongst the Pope's Mamalukes. 1680 R. Bolron 7 That Oath which Blessed Ignatius Loyola imposed upon his Spiritual Mamaluks. 1833 S. T. Coleridge 18 Apr. So long as the Bishop of Rome remains Pope, and has an army of Mamelukes all over the world, we shall do very little. 1902 Dec. 788 The Assumptionists are mere mamelukes of the Vatican. Compounds1773 18 The Mamaluck system. 1856 E. A. Freeman (1870) iv. 158 The Mameluke Sultans. 1988 M. Pearce (1989) xii. 206 In the early morning sunshine the mameluke domes took on the colour of pearl and rose. C2. 1799 J. Austen 8 Jan. (1995) 33 I am to wear a Mamalouc cap instead... It is all the fashion now, worn at the Opera, & by Lady Mildmays at Hackwood Balls. 1923 C. Hill (ed. 3) 76 The battle of the Nile had set the fashion in ladies' dress. In the fashion-plates we find Mamalouc cloaks and Mamalouc robes. b. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > arm > types of 1829 i. 35 Several dresses of colored satin have long sleeves of white crepe Aerophane, a la Mameluke.] 1853 G. A. Sala in 29 Oct. 194/2 Leg of mutton, bishop, Mameluke sleeves. 1898 M. Loyd tr. O. Uzanne iii. 55 Towards the close of the [First] Empire, when..mameluke sleeves, and hair dressed à l'enfant, struck a feudal and gothic note. 1933 H. Norris VI. i. 35 Turbans became fashionable in France as a result of Napoleon's Egyptian campaign (1798). A ‘turban à la Mameluk’ had an inverted flower-pot or fez of gold tissue surrounded by a full puffing of white satin.] 1960 C. W. Cunnington et al. 131/1 Mameluke turban.., a turban of white satin, the front rolled upwards like a hat-brim over a domed crown; trimmed with a large ostrich feather. C3. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > bit 1826 F. B. Head 177 I..took the iron mameluke-bit out of his mouth. 1832 M. Scott in Dec. 923/2 Their pace was..a compound..of a trot and a canter, the latter broken down, and frittered away through the instrumentality of a ferocious Mameluke bit. 1957 E. Kühnel & L. Bellinger 6 The botanical origin of the ‘lancet’ leaves, surrounding the central figures in many Mamluk carpets, is not clear. 1983 (Exhib. Catal., Hayward Gallery, London) 40 (caption) Mamluk carpet Egypt, Cairo, first half or middle 16th century. 1989 XVII. 79/1 Egyptian carpets used to be called Damascus carpets but are now termed Mamlūk, after the Muslim dynasty (1250–1517) that subsidized their manufacture, or Cairene rugs after Cairo, the city in which they were made. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > blade of sword > point 1809 Visct. Valentia III. 307 They [sc. sabres] were all Persian, but some had been lengthened in Egypt at both ends, so as to give the Mameluke point, which cuts both ways. 1930 A. U. Dilley ii. 25 With the rugs of the Mamluks (1252–1517), the dynasty overthrown by the Turks, we are just now becoming acquainted, thanks to Dr. Sarre.] 1960 C. G. Ellis tr. K. Erdmann 29 The typical radially set cypresses of the old Mamluk rugs serve as ornamentation. Derivatives 1900 Mar. 455 The reduction of an entire nation to intellectual serfdom and moral Mamelukedom. 1824 W. S. Landor I. xiii. 186 Our spiritual Mamelukery is as ambitious of power and riches as if it had children to inherit them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.1511 |
