mangoneln.

Brit.

/ˈmaŋɡənɛl/, U.S.

/ˈmæŋɡəˌnɛl/

Forms:

α. Middle English mangenel, Middle English mangenele, Middle English mangnel, Middle English mangonale, Middle English mangonele, Middle English mangonelle, Middle English mangonnelle, Middle English mangunel, Middle English mangurnele, Middle English mangynel, Middle English maungenele, Middle English mongenel, Middle English– mangonel, 1600s manchonel, 1600s mangonell, 1800s manganel, 1800s manganell.

β. Middle English machenelle, Middle English maggenell, Middle English magnale, Middle English magnel, Middle English magnelle, Middle English magonneaul, Middle English maygnelle, 1500s–1600s magonel, 1500s–1600s magonell.

γ. Middle English mangloun, Middle English mangole.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mangonel.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mangonel, mangunel, magnel, Old French, Middle French mangonel (12th cent.; later mangoneau (13th cent.), French mangonneau (1611)) mangonel, catapult < post-classical Latin manganellus mangonel, apparatus (attested in many variant spellings; from 12th cent. in British and continental sources) < manganum mangonel (from 9th cent., with many variants, as mangona , mango , manga ; earlier (4th cent.) in sense ‘apparatus’; < ancient Greek μάγγανον means for charming or bewitching others, hunting net, in Hellenistic Greek also ballista (in phrase μάγγανον πολεμικόν ), block of a pulley) + -ellus -el suffix². Compare Old Occitan manganel (late 12th cent.), Italian manganella (13th cent.); also Middle Dutch mangeneel.The further etymology of the ancient Greek word is uncertain, as is the priority of its senses. It has been referred to an Indo-European base meaning ‘to deceive’ (compare Sogdian mang, Ossetic mäng, Persian mang deceit, trickery, and Early Irish meng trickery), but this etymology presents phonological, morphological, and semantic difficulties.

Now historical.

A military engine formerly used for throwing stones and other missiles (esp. incendiaries) against an enemy's position, and consisting of a lever arm held and released under tension in a wooden frame. Cf. trebuchet n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista

ballistaeOE

ginc1325

mangonelc1325

springalc1330

ballistc1384

scorpionc1384

tormentc1384

trebuchet1388

fowler1420

dondainec1430

onagera1460

perrier1481

trabuch?1482

bricole1489

coillard1489

mouton1489

sambuca1489

martinet1523

racket1535

sling1535

brake1552

catapult1577

sweep1598

sling-dart1600

petrary1610

espringal1614

scorpion-bowa1629

swafe1688

sackbut1756

mangona1773

matafunda1773

lombard1838

1194 in Pipe-rolls Cumberland, Westmorland, & Durham (1847) 173 Pro Maisremo ad Petrarium et Mangunell', vj s.]

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8124 Me ne miȝte noȝt ise bote arwen & flon & stones out of liþeren & of magnels [v.rr. magnales, mangeneles, mangurneles, maggenells] al so.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 2430 Our king Vterpendragon Him asailed..wiþ mangunels casteinge.

a1350 ( in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 131 (MED) Þe kyng of alemaigne..wende þat þe sayles were mangonel.

a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 1202 Alisaundre heom asailed fast And wiþ mangnelis to heom cast.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 6279 Withoute strok it mot be take Of trepeget or mangonel.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxv. 154 The deffence aienst the said engyns were gode mangonnelles & grete bombardes.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 111 (MED) And if þou shall assayll castels, vse Instrumentz castyng stones, as Mangoles or Perrerers.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 41 The trepegett and magonell beinge all one.

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 238 Our nation had the practise..of Mangonels..wherewith they vsed to cast mil-stones.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc viii. 158 O'er the bayle..The assailants pass'd with all their mangonels.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xiii. 228 You may win the wall in spite both of bow and mangonel.

1869 C. M. Yonge Cameos xciii, in Monthly Packet Mar. 239 He had only yielded it because his duchess was frightened by the mangonels of the besiegers.

1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xv The Norman hath a mangonel or a trabuch upon the forecastle.

1958 T. H. White Once & Future King iii. xxv. 442 They had been years of perrières and mangonels trundling along the rutty highways from one siege to another, to hurl destruction over castle walls.

1983 J. A. Michener Poland ii. 26 The heavy machines of war which Genghis had learned to use so effectively in the siege and subjugation of cities: the mangonels, the movable towers, the flame-throwers and [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mangonel
释义	mangoneln. Brit. /ˈmaŋɡənɛl/, U.S. /ˈmæŋɡəˌnɛl/ Forms: α. Middle English mangenel, Middle English mangenele, Middle English mangnel, Middle English mangonale, Middle English mangonele, Middle English mangonelle, Middle English mangonnelle, Middle English mangunel, Middle English mangurnele, Middle English mangynel, Middle English maungenele, Middle English mongenel, Middle English– mangonel, 1600s manchonel, 1600s mangonell, 1800s manganel, 1800s manganell. β. Middle English machenelle, Middle English maggenell, Middle English magnale, Middle English magnel, Middle English magnelle, Middle English magonneaul, Middle English maygnelle, 1500s–1600s magonel, 1500s–1600s magonell. γ. Middle English mangloun, Middle English mangole. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mangonel. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mangonel, mangunel, magnel, Old French, Middle French mangonel (12th cent.; later mangoneau (13th cent.), French mangonneau (1611)) mangonel, catapult < post-classical Latin manganellus mangonel, apparatus (attested in many variant spellings; from 12th cent. in British and continental sources) < manganum mangonel (from 9th cent., with many variants, as mangona , mango , manga ; earlier (4th cent.) in sense ‘apparatus’; < ancient Greek μάγγανον means for charming or bewitching others, hunting net, in Hellenistic Greek also ballista (in phrase μάγγανον πολεμικόν ), block of a pulley) + -ellus -el suffix². Compare Old Occitan manganel (late 12th cent.), Italian manganella (13th cent.); also Middle Dutch mangeneel.The further etymology of the ancient Greek word is uncertain, as is the priority of its senses. It has been referred to an Indo-European base meaning ‘to deceive’ (compare Sogdian mang, Ossetic mäng, Persian mang deceit, trickery, and Early Irish meng trickery), but this etymology presents phonological, morphological, and semantic difficulties. Now historical. A military engine formerly used for throwing stones and other missiles (esp. incendiaries) against an enemy's position, and consisting of a lever arm held and released under tension in a wooden frame. Cf. trebuchet n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista ballistaeOE ginc1325 mangonelc1325 springalc1330 ballistc1384 scorpionc1384 tormentc1384 trebuchet1388 fowler1420 dondainec1430 onagera1460 perrier1481 trabuch?1482 bricole1489 coillard1489 mouton1489 sambuca1489 martinet1523 racket1535 sling1535 brake1552 catapult1577 sweep1598 sling-dart1600 petrary1610 espringal1614 scorpion-bowa1629 swafe1688 sackbut1756 mangona1773 matafunda1773 lombard1838 1194 in Pipe-rolls Cumberland, Westmorland, & Durham (1847) 173 Pro Maisremo ad Petrarium et Mangunell', vj s.] c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8124 Me ne miȝte noȝt ise bote arwen & flon & stones out of liþeren & of magnels [v.rr. magnales, mangeneles, mangurneles, maggenells] al so. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 2430 Our king Vterpendragon Him asailed..wiþ mangunels casteinge. a1350 ( in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 131 (MED) Þe kyng of alemaigne..wende þat þe sayles were mangonel. a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 1202 Alisaundre heom asailed fast And wiþ mangnelis to heom cast. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 6279 Withoute strok it mot be take Of trepeget or mangonel. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxv. 154 The deffence aienst the said engyns were gode mangonnelles & grete bombardes. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 111 (MED) And if þou shall assayll castels, vse Instrumentz castyng stones, as Mangoles or Perrerers. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 41 The trepegett and magonell beinge all one. 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 238 Our nation had the practise..of Mangonels..wherewith they vsed to cast mil-stones. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc viii. 158 O'er the bayle..The assailants pass'd with all their mangonels. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xiii. 228 You may win the wall in spite both of bow and mangonel. 1869 C. M. Yonge Cameos xciii, in Monthly Packet Mar. 239 He had only yielded it because his duchess was frightened by the mangonels of the besiegers. 1890 A. Conan Doyle White Company xv The Norman hath a mangonel or a trabuch upon the forecastle. 1958 T. H. White Once & Future King iii. xxv. 442 They had been years of perrières and mangonels trundling along the rutty highways from one siege to another, to hurl destruction over castle walls. 1983 J. A. Michener Poland ii. 26 The heavy machines of war which Genghis had learned to use so effectively in the siege and subjugation of cities: the mangonels, the movable towers, the flame-throwers and [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1325
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