malmn.

Brit.

/mɑːm/, U.S.

/mɑm/

Forms: Old English mealm (in compounds and in a late copy), late Middle English 1800s malme, 1500s maund (perhaps transmission error), 1600s maln, 1600s mame, 1600s mawme, 1600s–1700s maum, 1600s–1700s maume, 1700s mallan, 1700s– malm, 1800s maam (English regional), 1800s marme (English regional).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic málmr sand (in the place name Málm-haugar ‘sand-mounds’ (Old Swedish Malmöughe , now Malmö ) in Sweden; compare also the Shetland place name Maamy Soond ‘sandy sound’ in Fetlar), gold (because found in grains in alluvial deposits: compare the phrase Rínar rauð-málmr ‘the red metal of the Rhine’), metal, ore (compare Old Swedish malmber , Swedish malm , Danish malm ore), Gothic malma sand; also Middle High German malmen to crush (German zermalmen with prefix zer- ). Compare Dutch malen to grind, whirl ( > maelstrom n.) and verbs in the other main Germanic languages except Old English and Old Frisian from the same Indo-European base; from Indo-European ablaut variants compare meal n.¹ (and with -m extension also Middle Dutch melm dust, dry sand, Old Saxon melm , Old High German melm dust), and mould n.¹ (with -m extension also Middle Dutch molm, mollem (Dutch molm) mould, German Mulm dust).Apart from a single probable instance at sense 2, Old English mealm (probably originally with basic meaning ‘sandy, friable stone’) is attested only in the compound malmstone n., the adjective mealmiht sandy, chalky (compare later malmy adj.), and (unless independently < early Scandinavian) in the place names Malmeton , Lincolnshire (a1066; now Manton ), and Malmerby , North Yorkshire (1086; now Melmerby ). The word is noted in field names (both as a simplex and as an element in compounds) from southern counties from the 15th cent. onwards (the earliest being Le Malme , Berkshire, 1439) in J. Field Eng. Field Names (1972) 132. Quot. 1936 at sense 3 gives a popular etymology; compare frequent occurrence of malm n. and marl n.¹ in close proximity in quots. below. With the form maum and the pronunciation /mɔːm/ attested in regional use, compare maum adj. and discussion at that entry.

1. (a) A soft friable rock containing a high proportion of chalky material; spec. a greyish-white calcareous sandstone of the Upper Greensand of Surrey and Sussex in England (also called firestone). (b) A light loamy soil formed by the decomposition of malm rock.Recorded earliest in malmstone n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > chalk > malm

malmeOE

malm rock1833

malmstone1889

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > organic soil > loam > malm

malmeOE

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. xiii. 113 Hit biþ eac geornlic þæt mon heardlice gnide þone hnescestan mealmstan æfter þæm þæt he þence þone soelestan hwetstan on to geræceanne.

1477 Rolls of Parl. VI. 189/2 The Vaynes called the Malme or Marle and Chalke, liyng comenly in the grounde.

1579–80 T. North tr. Alexander in Plutarch Lives (1595) 737 The earth spued out continually a kind of maund or chalkie clay somewhat lyquid.

1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue v. 229 In part of Hamshire they haue another kind of earth,..the slub of the riuer of Auon, which they call Mawme.

1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 15 You shall lay or bestow 200 Cartload of the best slimy or fattest Marle or Mame on each or every Acre of Land.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire iv. 69 I found a soft stone there-about called Maume, of a whitish colour.

a1697 J. Aubrey Nat. Hist. Wilts. (1847) ii. viii. 107 The soile of the downes I take generally to be a white earth or mawme.

1697 View Penal Laws 239 It shall likewise be tryed and severed from Stones, Maln, Marle, and Chalk.

1719 Philos. Trans. 1717–19 (Royal Soc.) 30 969 These Clives vary much in Hardness, in some places being little harder than Malm or Loom.

1744 Philos. Trans. 1742–3 (Royal Soc.) 42 634 This Bed of Malm lies in a Valley, at the Foot of a long Ridge of Chalky Downs.

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Mij Mallan, this is of divers Colours,..and always Soft.

1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 3 The gardens..consist of a warm, forward, crumbling mould, called black malm.

1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 3 A range of fair enclosures, consisting of what is called a white malm.

1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 16 Aug. 416 The lanes were very deep; the wet malme just about the colour of rye-meal mixed up with water.

1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 481 Marme, a white marl containing an admixture of clay.

1881 C. Whitehead Hops 21 A peculiar fertile clay, known locally as ‘malm’.

1886 Philos. Trans. 1885 (Royal Soc.) 176 413 The beds..have been described under the local names of malm, firestone [etc.].

1911 Encycl. Brit. XI. 534/1 The Selbornian includes..the glauconitic sands of the Upper Greensand, and their local equivalent, the ‘malm’, ‘malm rock’ or ‘firestone’.

†2. Land with malmy soil; (perhaps) a malm pit. Obsolete.Quot. a1400 is a late copy of a grant of land at Steeple Ashton, Wiltshire, made in 964. In this quot. perhaps a field name (malm occurs in field names from the 15th cent. onwards).

ΚΠ

a1400 ( Bounds (Sawyer 727) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 365 Of than stan on bereburne, of than burne on bis [i.e. the River Biss], of bis on mealm, than on alleburne, thanen on fromesetinga hagen.

3. [Short for malm brick n. at Compounds 2.] A fine-quality brick originally made from malm, marl, or similar chalky clay.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > types of

white brick1468

red brick1587

clinker1659

clinkerc1660

stock-brick1683

Windsor brick1702

grey stock1726

stockc1738

red stock1748

firebrick1749

Welsh lump1798

malm1811

cutting-brick1815

pecking1819

blue brick1823

malm brick1824

Windsor1841

cutter1842

grizzle1843

shuff1843

picking1850

Woolpit brick1887

Hollander1897

Staffordshire1898

Stafford brick1908

misfire1923

klompie1926

1811 J. Parkinson in Trans. Geol. Soc. 1 337 The washed malms, those bricks which are formed of the yellow clay which has been exposed to repeated washings.

1850 E. Dobson Rudimentary Treat. Manuf. Bricks & Tiles ii. v. 38 Malms..are the best building bricks.

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1152 Malms are made of a finer clay.

1895 Oracle Encycl. I. 500/1 ‘Marls’ or ‘Malms’ is the name given to the best bricks.

1936 Archit. Rev. 79 211/1 The yellow, cream and grey bricks which come from the [London] Estuary to-day are known..as ‘malms’—a corruption of ‘marl’.

4. Geology. In form Malm. [After German Malm (A. Oppel Die Juraformation Englands, Frankreichs u. Südwestlichen Deutschlands (1858) 816).] A stratigraphic series and epoch corresponding to the Upper Jurassic (originally only with reference to Germany, now to continental Europe in general); frequently attributive.

ΚΠ

1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 357/1 Upper or White Jura (Malm).

1925 J. Park Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 2) xxx. 351 The subdivisions of the Jurassic recognised in North-West and Southern Germany are—3. Upper or White Jura (= Malm)... The Malm or White Jura receives its name from the prevailing colour of the rocks, which consist mainly of limestones and marls.

1955 G. G. Woodford tr. M. Gignoux Stratigr. Geol. vii. 314 [They] distinguished three successive groups of rocks, to which they gave the names Black Jura, Brown Jura, and White Jura... These three groups correspond approximately to what we now call the Lower Jurassic of Lias, the Middle Jurassic or Dogger and the Upper Jurassic or Malm.

1977 McGraw Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VII. 370/1 The Jurassic System... Either Lias, Dogger, and Malm or Black, Brown and White Jurassic are the terms used in some countries... Their boundaries coincide largely with those of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Jurassic.

1993 Geologia Croatica 27 181 (title) Upper Jurassic (Malm) shallow-water carbonates in the western Gorski Kotar area; facies and depositional environments (western Croatia).

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective (in sense 3).

malm cutter n.

ΚΠ

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. ii. 503 There is also a red cutting brick, whose texture is similar to the malm cutter, which must not be confounded with the red stock.

malm paviour n.

ΚΠ

1843 Mechanics' Mag. 39 192 The difference between malm paviors and stocks was fifteen or twenty shillings per thousand.

malm stock n.

ΚΠ

1819 P. Nicholson Archit. Dict. II. App. 863/2 [Quoted specification of 1807] The chimney shafts, to be of second malm stocks.

1824 Mechanic's Mag. No. 33. 77 Bricks..which are used for facing buildings, called malm stock Bricks.

1858 Skyring's Builders' Prices (ed. 48) 65 Picked stock facings..Seconds malm ditto.

C2.

malm brick n. = sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > types of

white brick1468

red brick1587

clinker1659

clinkerc1660

stock-brick1683

Windsor brick1702

grey stock1726

stockc1738

red stock1748

firebrick1749

Welsh lump1798

malm1811

cutting-brick1815

pecking1819

blue brick1823

malm brick1824

Windsor1841

cutter1842

grizzle1843

shuff1843

picking1850

Woolpit brick1887

Hollander1897

Staffordshire1898

Stafford brick1908

misfire1923

klompie1926

1824 Mechanic's Mag. No. 33. 78 The earth and other ingredients, with which the soil for malm Bricks are composed.

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Sept. 11/1 Here you may see a ‘grizzle’ and a ‘malm-brick’.

1992 S. Holloway Courage High! viii. 71/2 His buildings were typically Victorian, solid malm bricks (made from a mixture of clay and chalk) relieved by red bands and Minton tiles.

malm rock n. = sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > chalk > malm

malmeOE

malm rock1833

malmstone1889

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > greensand

greensand1700

fox-mould1808

carstone1815

malm rock1833

potash greensand1869

1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 292 The upper green-sand (‘firestone’, or ‘malm rock’, as it is sometimes called) is almost absent.

1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) xviii. 349 ‘Malm rock’, a soft silicious substance, containing a large percentage of soluble silica.

1931 W. Johnson Jrnls. Gilbert White p. xv The houses as we gather from White's book, were built of malmrock,—a sandy limestone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	malm
释义	malmn. Brit. /mɑːm/, U.S. /mɑm/ Forms: Old English mealm (in compounds and in a late copy), late Middle English 1800s malme, 1500s maund (perhaps transmission error), 1600s maln, 1600s mame, 1600s mawme, 1600s–1700s maum, 1600s–1700s maume, 1700s mallan, 1700s– malm, 1800s maam (English regional), 1800s marme (English regional). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Icelandic málmr sand (in the place name Málm-haugar ‘sand-mounds’ (Old Swedish Malmöughe , now Malmö ) in Sweden; compare also the Shetland place name Maamy Soond ‘sandy sound’ in Fetlar), gold (because found in grains in alluvial deposits: compare the phrase Rínar rauð-málmr ‘the red metal of the Rhine’), metal, ore (compare Old Swedish malmber , Swedish malm , Danish malm ore), Gothic malma sand; also Middle High German malmen to crush (German zermalmen with prefix zer- ). Compare Dutch malen to grind, whirl ( > maelstrom n.) and verbs in the other main Germanic languages except Old English and Old Frisian from the same Indo-European base; from Indo-European ablaut variants compare meal n.¹ (and with -m extension also Middle Dutch melm dust, dry sand, Old Saxon melm , Old High German melm dust), and mould n.¹ (with -m extension also Middle Dutch molm, mollem (Dutch molm) mould, German Mulm dust).Apart from a single probable instance at sense 2, Old English mealm (probably originally with basic meaning ‘sandy, friable stone’) is attested only in the compound malmstone n., the adjective mealmiht sandy, chalky (compare later malmy adj.), and (unless independently < early Scandinavian) in the place names Malmeton , Lincolnshire (a1066; now Manton ), and Malmerby , North Yorkshire (1086; now Melmerby ). The word is noted in field names (both as a simplex and as an element in compounds) from southern counties from the 15th cent. onwards (the earliest being Le Malme , Berkshire, 1439) in J. Field Eng. Field Names (1972) 132. Quot. 1936 at sense 3 gives a popular etymology; compare frequent occurrence of malm n. and marl n.¹ in close proximity in quots. below. With the form maum and the pronunciation /mɔːm/ attested in regional use, compare maum adj. and discussion at that entry. 1. (a) A soft friable rock containing a high proportion of chalky material; spec. a greyish-white calcareous sandstone of the Upper Greensand of Surrey and Sussex in England (also called firestone). (b) A light loamy soil formed by the decomposition of malm rock.Recorded earliest in malmstone n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > chalk > malm malmeOE malm rock1833 malmstone1889 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > organic soil > loam > malm malmeOE eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. xiii. 113 Hit biþ eac geornlic þæt mon heardlice gnide þone hnescestan mealmstan æfter þæm þæt he þence þone soelestan hwetstan on to geræceanne. 1477 Rolls of Parl. VI. 189/2 The Vaynes called the Malme or Marle and Chalke, liyng comenly in the grounde. 1579–80 T. North tr. Alexander in Plutarch Lives (1595) 737 The earth spued out continually a kind of maund or chalkie clay somewhat lyquid. 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue v. 229 In part of Hamshire they haue another kind of earth,..the slub of the riuer of Auon, which they call Mawme. 1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 15 You shall lay or bestow 200 Cartload of the best slimy or fattest Marle or Mame on each or every Acre of Land. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire iv. 69 I found a soft stone there-about called Maume, of a whitish colour. a1697 J. Aubrey Nat. Hist. Wilts. (1847) ii. viii. 107 The soile of the downes I take generally to be a white earth or mawme. 1697 View Penal Laws 239 It shall likewise be tryed and severed from Stones, Maln, Marle, and Chalk. 1719 Philos. Trans. 1717–19 (Royal Soc.) 30 969 These Clives vary much in Hardness, in some places being little harder than Malm or Loom. 1744 Philos. Trans. 1742–3 (Royal Soc.) 42 634 This Bed of Malm lies in a Valley, at the Foot of a long Ridge of Chalky Downs. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Mij Mallan, this is of divers Colours,..and always Soft. 1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 3 The gardens..consist of a warm, forward, crumbling mould, called black malm. 1789 G. White Nat. Hist. Selborne 3 A range of fair enclosures, consisting of what is called a white malm. 1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 16 Aug. 416 The lanes were very deep; the wet malme just about the colour of rye-meal mixed up with water. 1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 481 Marme, a white marl containing an admixture of clay. 1881 C. Whitehead Hops 21 A peculiar fertile clay, known locally as ‘malm’. 1886 Philos. Trans. 1885 (Royal Soc.) 176 413 The beds..have been described under the local names of malm, firestone [etc.]. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XI. 534/1 The Selbornian includes..the glauconitic sands of the Upper Greensand, and their local equivalent, the ‘malm’, ‘malm rock’ or ‘firestone’. †2. Land with malmy soil; (perhaps) a malm pit. Obsolete.Quot. a1400 is a late copy of a grant of land at Steeple Ashton, Wiltshire, made in 964. In this quot. perhaps a field name (malm occurs in field names from the 15th cent. onwards). ΚΠ a1400 ( Bounds (Sawyer 727) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 365 Of than stan on bereburne, of than burne on bis [i.e. the River Biss], of bis on mealm, than on alleburne, thanen on fromesetinga hagen. 3. [Short for malm brick n. at Compounds 2.] A fine-quality brick originally made from malm, marl, or similar chalky clay. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > types of white brick1468 red brick1587 clinker1659 clinkerc1660 stock-brick1683 Windsor brick1702 grey stock1726 stockc1738 red stock1748 firebrick1749 Welsh lump1798 malm1811 cutting-brick1815 pecking1819 blue brick1823 malm brick1824 Windsor1841 cutter1842 grizzle1843 shuff1843 picking1850 Woolpit brick1887 Hollander1897 Staffordshire1898 Stafford brick1908 misfire1923 klompie1926 1811 J. Parkinson in Trans. Geol. Soc. 1 337 The washed malms, those bricks which are formed of the yellow clay which has been exposed to repeated washings. 1850 E. Dobson Rudimentary Treat. Manuf. Bricks & Tiles ii. v. 38 Malms..are the best building bricks. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1152 Malms are made of a finer clay. 1895 Oracle Encycl. I. 500/1 ‘Marls’ or ‘Malms’ is the name given to the best bricks. 1936 Archit. Rev. 79 211/1 The yellow, cream and grey bricks which come from the [London] Estuary to-day are known..as ‘malms’—a corruption of ‘marl’. 4. Geology. In form Malm. [After German Malm (A. Oppel Die Juraformation Englands, Frankreichs u. Südwestlichen Deutschlands (1858) 816).] A stratigraphic series and epoch corresponding to the Upper Jurassic (originally only with reference to Germany, now to continental Europe in general); frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 357/1 Upper or White Jura (Malm). 1925 J. Park Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 2) xxx. 351 The subdivisions of the Jurassic recognised in North-West and Southern Germany are—3. Upper or White Jura (= Malm)... The Malm or White Jura receives its name from the prevailing colour of the rocks, which consist mainly of limestones and marls. 1955 G. G. Woodford tr. M. Gignoux Stratigr. Geol. vii. 314 [They] distinguished three successive groups of rocks, to which they gave the names Black Jura, Brown Jura, and White Jura... These three groups correspond approximately to what we now call the Lower Jurassic of Lias, the Middle Jurassic or Dogger and the Upper Jurassic or Malm. 1977 McGraw Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VII. 370/1 The Jurassic System... Either Lias, Dogger, and Malm or Black, Brown and White Jurassic are the terms used in some countries... Their boundaries coincide largely with those of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Jurassic. 1993 Geologia Croatica 27 181 (title) Upper Jurassic (Malm) shallow-water carbonates in the western Gorski Kotar area; facies and depositional environments (western Croatia). Compounds C1. General attributive and objective (in sense 3). malm cutter n. ΚΠ 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. ii. 503 There is also a red cutting brick, whose texture is similar to the malm cutter, which must not be confounded with the red stock. malm paviour n. ΚΠ 1843 Mechanics' Mag. 39 192 The difference between malm paviors and stocks was fifteen or twenty shillings per thousand. malm stock n. ΚΠ 1819 P. Nicholson Archit. Dict. II. App. 863/2 [Quoted specification of 1807] The chimney shafts, to be of second malm stocks. 1824 Mechanic's Mag. No. 33. 77 Bricks..which are used for facing buildings, called malm stock Bricks. 1858 Skyring's Builders' Prices (ed. 48) 65 Picked stock facings..Seconds malm ditto. C2. malm brick n. = sense 3. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > types of white brick1468 red brick1587 clinker1659 clinkerc1660 stock-brick1683 Windsor brick1702 grey stock1726 stockc1738 red stock1748 firebrick1749 Welsh lump1798 malm1811 cutting-brick1815 pecking1819 blue brick1823 malm brick1824 Windsor1841 cutter1842 grizzle1843 shuff1843 picking1850 Woolpit brick1887 Hollander1897 Staffordshire1898 Stafford brick1908 misfire1923 klompie1926 1824 Mechanic's Mag. No. 33. 78 The earth and other ingredients, with which the soil for malm Bricks are composed. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Sept. 11/1 Here you may see a ‘grizzle’ and a ‘malm-brick’. 1992 S. Holloway Courage High! viii. 71/2 His buildings were typically Victorian, solid malm bricks (made from a mixture of clay and chalk) relieved by red bands and Minton tiles. malm rock n. = sense 3. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > chalk > malm malmeOE malm rock1833 malmstone1889 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > greensand greensand1700 fox-mould1808 carstone1815 malm rock1833 potash greensand1869 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 292 The upper green-sand (‘firestone’, or ‘malm rock’, as it is sometimes called) is almost absent. 1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) xviii. 349 ‘Malm rock’, a soft silicious substance, containing a large percentage of soluble silica. 1931 W. Johnson Jrnls. Gilbert White p. xv The houses as we gather from White's book, were built of malmrock,—a sandy limestone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). malmv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: malm n. Etymology: < malm n. Compare earlier malmed adj. N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (mām) /mɑːm/. rare. transitive. To convert (clay) into artificial malm for brickmaking; to cover (brick-earth) with artificial malm. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > brick and tile making > make bricks and tiles [verb (transitive)] > specific processes strike1683 shinlog1703 deliver1809 hack1813 underburn1841 malm1850 off-bear1856 skintle1876 kelly1884 1850 E. Dobson Rudimentary Treat. Manuf. Bricks & Tiles ii. v. 3 The brick-earth..may be malmed, i.e. covered with artificial malm. 1927–9 H. Wheeler Waverley Children's Dict. IV. 2652/2 The materials [sc. clay and chalk] are malmed in a mill during the autumn. Derivatives malming n. ΚΠ 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 280/1 The most common mode of preparing the clay, in the London district, is that of malming... An artificial malm is made by mixing chalk and clay, previously reduced to pulp, and allowing the mixture to consolidate by evaporation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.eOEv.1850
随便看	green-tailed shad green-throated green-thumbed green-tinged green-tinted green-topped green-turfed green-twined green-veined green-veined butterfly green-veined orchid green-veined white green-veined white butterfly green-waved green-winged green-winged orchid green-winged orchis green-winged teal green-woman green-yellow greenable greenacre greenage greenandgold greenback

malmn.

Compounds

malmv.

Derivatives