malleolusn.

Brit.

/məˈliːələs/, U.S.

/məˈliələs/

Inflections: Plural malleoli.

Forms:

α. 1600s– malleolus.

β. 1700s malleol.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin malleolus.

Etymology: < classical Latin malleolus small hammer, mallet shoot, fire-dart < malleus hammer (see malleus n.) + -olus -olus suffix. Sense 3 is probably via post-classical Latin malleolus, recorded in this sense in a British glossary of a1510, and recommended by A. Vesalius in De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543) 140, as the proper equivalent to ancient Greek σϕυρόν ankle ( < σϕῦρα hammer); the classical Latin word was tālus talus n.² Compare French malléole (1546 in sense 3).Classical Latin malleolus is used in sense 1 from Sisenna onwards (early 1st cent. b.c.). The name may refer to the shape or to the destructive powers of the weapon: compare mallet n.¹ 4. In sense 4 malleolus is used by Cicero, Columella, and Pliny: compare mallet-shoot n. at mallet n.¹ Compounds 2.

†1. Archaeology. A kind of incendiary missile or fire-dart. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > fire-arrow

fire arrowa1540

mallet1541

fire shaft1628

malleolus1753

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 238 The Malleoli in fyring buildings, which could be extinguished with nothing but dust.

1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 382 Malleoli were certain Darts fashioned in the same manner: [etc.].

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Malleoli, were certain Devices made of combustible Matter.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Malleoli, among the Romans, bundles of any combustible matter besmeared with pitch, and used by the Roman soldiers either for giving light in the night-time, or for setting fire to some of the enemies works.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 480/2 Malleoli, in the ancient art of war, were bundles of combustible materials, set on fire to give light in the night, or to annoy the enemy;..shot out of a bow, or fixed to a javelin, and thus thrown into the enemies engines.

2. Anatomy. = malleus n. 1. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > malleus and parts

mallet1578

hammer1615

malleolus1615

malleus1646

manubrium1855

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 592 The first is called..Malleolus the Mallet or the Hammer. The second Incus the Anuill or the Stithy. The third Stapes the Stirrop.

1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 125 The Ossicles, viz. the Malleolus..Incus..Stapes..are of a proportional bigness.

1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. I. at Ear In this cavity are four small bones, of which the first is the malleolus, or hammer, so called because of its shape.

1943 J. Fischer & L. E. Wolfson Inner Ear xv. 393 Otoscopic examination revealed..injections of the vessels behind the handle of the malleolus.

3. Anatomy. Either of the two bony protuberances on either side of the ankle, one of which (in full medial malleolus, internal malleolus, or inner malleolus) is a process of the tibia, and the other (in full lateral malleolus, external malleolus, or outer malleolus) a process of the fibula.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of leg > [noun] > bones of lower leg > other

ankle bonea1398

malleolus1684

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 185 Malleolus, or Malleus, is twofold, external,..Or internal,..these make the Ancle.

1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. cxv. 370 The external Malleol remained very large.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 742 It is also very bad..behind the malleoli, especially the internal malleolus.

1893 A. S. Eccles Sciatica 9 Between the inner malleolus and the heel.

1909 D. J. Cunningham Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 3) 237 The inferior extremity of the fibula, or lateral malleolus is of pyramidal form.

1909 D. J. Cunningham Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 3) 233 Medially there is a down-projecting process, called the medial malleolus.

1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) xxvii. 336 (caption) The distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the tip of the medial malleolus is measured on each side.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 277/2 The callus extended down the shafts of the tibiae to the malleoli.

1987 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 Apr. 931/1 The greater vulnerability of the skin over the malleoli.

1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) viii. 596 The site affected is usually around the medial malleolus.

†4. Horticulture (chiefly historical). (a) A vine cutting consisting of a young shoot attached to a short segment of the previous year's growth; (b) a young plant formed by layering (with a short attached segment of the parent branch). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1686 J. Ray Historia Plantarum I. sig. a3^v/1 Malleolus, definiente Columella..novellus est palmes innatus prioris anni flagello.]

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Malleolus,..a Sprout growing out of a Branch, which grew out it self but the Year before.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 661/1 When the piece or knot of old wood is cut at both ends, near the young shoot, the cutting will resemble a little mallet; from whence Columella gives the title of malleolus to the vine-cuttings.

1848 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) 182 The branch laid down was termed propago by the older botanists, and the layer was called malleolus, which literally signifies a hammer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	malleolus
释义	malleolusn. Brit. /məˈliːələs/, U.S. /məˈliələs/ Inflections: Plural malleoli. Forms: α. 1600s– malleolus. β. 1700s malleol. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin malleolus. Etymology: < classical Latin malleolus small hammer, mallet shoot, fire-dart < malleus hammer (see malleus n.) + -olus -olus suffix. Sense 3 is probably via post-classical Latin malleolus, recorded in this sense in a British glossary of a1510, and recommended by A. Vesalius in De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543) 140, as the proper equivalent to ancient Greek σϕυρόν ankle ( < σϕῦρα hammer); the classical Latin word was tālus talus n.² Compare French malléole (1546 in sense 3).Classical Latin malleolus is used in sense 1 from Sisenna onwards (early 1st cent. b.c.). The name may refer to the shape or to the destructive powers of the weapon: compare mallet n.¹ 4. In sense 4 malleolus is used by Cicero, Columella, and Pliny: compare mallet-shoot n. at mallet n.¹ Compounds 2. †1. Archaeology. A kind of incendiary missile or fire-dart. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > fire-arrow fire arrowa1540 mallet1541 fire shaft1628 malleolus1753 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 238 The Malleoli in fyring buildings, which could be extinguished with nothing but dust. 1676 A. Sammes Britannia Antiqua Illustrata 382 Malleoli were certain Darts fashioned in the same manner: [etc.]. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Malleoli, were certain Devices made of combustible Matter. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Malleoli, among the Romans, bundles of any combustible matter besmeared with pitch, and used by the Roman soldiers either for giving light in the night-time, or for setting fire to some of the enemies works. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 480/2 Malleoli, in the ancient art of war, were bundles of combustible materials, set on fire to give light in the night, or to annoy the enemy;..shot out of a bow, or fixed to a javelin, and thus thrown into the enemies engines. 2. Anatomy. = malleus n. 1. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > malleus and parts mallet1578 hammer1615 malleolus1615 malleus1646 manubrium1855 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 592 The first is called..Malleolus the Mallet or the Hammer. The second Incus the Anuill or the Stithy. The third Stapes the Stirrop. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 125 The Ossicles, viz. the Malleolus..Incus..Stapes..are of a proportional bigness. 1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. I. at Ear In this cavity are four small bones, of which the first is the malleolus, or hammer, so called because of its shape. 1943 J. Fischer & L. E. Wolfson Inner Ear xv. 393 Otoscopic examination revealed..injections of the vessels behind the handle of the malleolus. 3. Anatomy. Either of the two bony protuberances on either side of the ankle, one of which (in full medial malleolus, internal malleolus, or inner malleolus) is a process of the tibia, and the other (in full lateral malleolus, external malleolus, or outer malleolus) a process of the fibula. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of leg > [noun] > bones of lower leg > other ankle bonea1398 malleolus1684 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 185 Malleolus, or Malleus, is twofold, external,..Or internal,..these make the Ancle. 1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. cxv. 370 The external Malleol remained very large. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 742 It is also very bad..behind the malleoli, especially the internal malleolus. 1893 A. S. Eccles Sciatica 9 Between the inner malleolus and the heel. 1909 D. J. Cunningham Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 3) 237 The inferior extremity of the fibula, or lateral malleolus is of pyramidal form. 1909 D. J. Cunningham Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 3) 233 Medially there is a down-projecting process, called the medial malleolus. 1949 H. Bailey Demonstr. Physical Signs Clin. Surg. (ed. 11) xxvii. 336 (caption) The distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the tip of the medial malleolus is measured on each side. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 97 277/2 The callus extended down the shafts of the tibiae to the malleoli. 1987 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 Apr. 931/1 The greater vulnerability of the skin over the malleoli. 1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) viii. 596 The site affected is usually around the medial malleolus. †4. Horticulture (chiefly historical). (a) A vine cutting consisting of a young shoot attached to a short segment of the previous year's growth; (b) a young plant formed by layering (with a short attached segment of the parent branch). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1686 J. Ray Historia Plantarum I. sig. a3^v/1 Malleolus, definiente Columella..novellus est palmes innatus prioris anni flagello.] 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Malleolus,..a Sprout growing out of a Branch, which grew out it self but the Year before. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 661/1 When the piece or knot of old wood is cut at both ends, near the young shoot, the cutting will resemble a little mallet; from whence Columella gives the title of malleolus to the vine-cuttings. 1848 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 4) 182 The branch laid down was termed propago by the older botanists, and the layer was called malleolus, which literally signifies a hammer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1614
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