mandreln.

Brit.

/ˈmandr(ᵻ)l/, U.S.

/ˈmændrəl/

Forms: 1500s manderelle, 1500s–1800s maundrel, 1500s– mandrel, 1500s– maundrell, 1600s–1800s maundril, 1600s–1800s maundrill, 1600s– mandril, 1600s– mandrill, 1700s manderil, 1700s mandrell, 1900s– mandaral (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin maundrellus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin maundrellus (from 1387 in British sources in sense 2), further etymology uncertain: perhaps ultimately < Old Occitan mandre kingpin (1389), tool used for drilling (1403), or a cognate of this word + post-classical Latin -ellus-ellus suffix. Old Occitan mandre is probably < post-classical Latin mamphur circular piece of wood of medium length with a strap wound round it used by workmen as a revolving tool (8th cent.), probably an early loan from an Oscan source, perhaps ultimately < the Indo-European base of Lithuanian mentė, menturis ladle, trowel, mixing-paddle, menturė winch, Sanskrit mantāḥ long implement with a flattened end used for stirring, and Old Icelandic mǫndull handle, especially of a handmill. Compare French mandrin, the name of various types of cylindrical tool used in manufacturing, or a lathe (1690) < Occitan mandrin iron rod, locksmith's stamp, lathe, cognate with mandre.The form of the Occitan word, if < post-classical Latin mamphur, is difficult to explain: analogy with an unattested Germanic cognate of Old Icelandic mǫndull has been suggested.

1. A miner's pick.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > miner's pick

pulypyk1360

twibillc1440

mandrel1516

hack?a1558

two-billc1619

tubber1671

fouldenhead1747

poll-pick1747

tubbal1847

moil1871

dresser1881

1516 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 80 Item xlvj manderelles ij.s. viij.d. A gryndstone & cruke xd. Item ij spayddys & a shulle vjd.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 306 But he..by the help of his Maundrill, by degrees so wrought away the earth over head..that [etc.].

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Miij Mandrel, a Tool made after the manner of a Hack, but more Strong and Square, having both ends Sharp, Square Points.

1771 J. W. Fletcher Checks in Wks. (1795) II. 126 An ignorant collier, as great a stranger to your metaphysics as you are to his mandrell.

1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 344 A set of Colliers called Holers..begin in the night..pecking out all the holeing-stuff with a light and sharp tool called a pick, hack, or maundrel.

1848 Eng. & Foreign Mining Gloss. (Derbyshire Terms) 39 Maundrill, a pick for various purposes, but generally used to undermine.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 154 Mandril,..Maundril, Derb. and S. Wales, a prying pick with two prongs.

1945 G. Jones Buttercup Field 16 Men had worked here, crawling about like bees in a hive. Why, look! there was the haft of a mandril.

1973 J. Ormond Definition of Waterfall 2 So he'd left the farm For dark under the fields six days a week With mandrel and shovel and different stalls.

1993 G. E. Evans Crooked Scythe (BNC) 180 The collier and his helper..worked a limited space of the coal-face with the old hand-tools: the mandril or pick, the shovel, [etc.].

2. A (more or less) cylindrical rod round which metal or other material is forged, cast, moulded, or otherwise shaped.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > process in bow- or arrow-making > instrument for arrow-making

mandrel1554

society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > other general shaping equipment

runner1769

mandrel1790

swage1812

rounder1846

crimper1855

rougher1867

1554 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories 1521–1603 (1977) 54 Goodes in the smythe [misprinted symthe]..2 axe mandrels 2 hamer mandrels and 2 ronde mandrels.

1587 in M. A. Havinden Househ. & Farm Inventories Oxfordshire (1965) 244 Twoe flatt maundrels an axe maundrell a fuller a clifte a setting punche a horshoe prichell and a stempe.

c1644 in C. S. Terry Army of Covenant (1917) I. 34 Mandrills on moulds for cartrages two... White iron cartrages sixe.

1737 in M. Bodfish Probate Inventories of Smethwick Residents 1647–1747 (1992) 83 2 plow Shares and a Maundrell.

1790 Brit. Patent 1735 (1856) 2 I cast the lead in lengths,..this is put upon a polished rod or round maundrell of iron or any other metal, such maundrells being made of different lengths and diameters.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 17 The hole may be finished..by hammering it at a low heat upon a smooth mandrel or pin.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 364 When the pipe is cast, and the metal is set, this mandrel is drawn out of the mould, and another of smaller diameter is substituted.

1859 Regulations for Musketry Instr. Army 49 Roll the stiff paper tightly about 2½ times round the ‘mandrel’.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 50 Their early barrels appear to have been made from one broad band of metal rolled over a mandril.

1915 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 750/2 The huge ingot [of steel] is bored, then a mandrill is inserted, and round this the tube is forged by hydraulic pressure.

1931 C. E. Munroe & J. E. Tiffany Physical Testing Explosives 48 The wrapper is made into a cup by rolling one of the pieces of paper on a mandrel 25 cm in diameter.

1968 R. N. Parkins Mech. Treatm. Metals iv. 263 In the Pilger mill, the tube is deformed over a mandrel between rolls that work the tube during only part of each revolution.

1995 New Scientist 26 Aug. 19/1 If a mandrel is driven through the hole to stretch it slightly, the surrounding metal becomes compressed and this is known to inhibit cracks.

3. A shaft or spindle to which work is secured while being turned in a lathe, or to which a revolving tool is secured, as in a circular saw, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > part holding work

mandrel1664

chock1665

pike1680

centre plate1717

carrier1733

chuck1806

screw chuck1827

grip-knob1833

faceplate1837

surface chuck1842

jaw-chuck1874

turning-carrier1877

screw worm chuck1881

steady1885

roller steady1911

1664 R. Hooke Let. 21 Oct. in R. Boyle Wks. (1744) V. 538/2 If these [sc. object-glasses] be made with a mandrel only, without any tool..which must certainly be the most accurate way imaginable for making spherical glasses, [etc.].

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 58 To give to the Axis or to the Mandril..that little Inclination.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xi. 198 There is another sort of Mandrels called Hollow Mandrels.

1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Manderil, a kind of wooden pulley, that is part of a turner's leath, of which there are several kinds, as flat, hollow, pin and skrew manderils.

1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 25 I turned it..upon my great lathe in the air (that is, upon the end of the mandrel).

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 452 The manderil is moved by a band wheel.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 12 If the mandrel of a lathe were made of the best steel, sufficiently hard to wear well in the collar, it would be snapped by a sudden check.

1879 R. S. Ball in Cassell's Techn. Educator vii. 62 By means of the band the pulley G, on what is called the ‘mandril’ of the lathe, is made to turn rapidly.

1889 P. N. Hasluck Model Engineer's Handybk. 58 The mandrel-cone centre point.

1921 K. S. Woods Rural Industries round Oxf. ii. i. 113 One of the two lathes in his workshop has been in use for over a hundred years. The ‘mandrill’, to which the wood for the bowls is fixed, is made to revolve by means of a treadle and a flexible pole, fixed at one end.

1967 O. Almeida Metalworking viii. 131 The Mandrel..is made of cast iron and has..a square hole at the flat end in which small stakes can be held.

1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. vi. 214 It is used in conjunction with a special mandrel, or arbor, on which the [grind]stone is mounted at one end, the other going directly into the drill chuck.

1991 Model Railways Mar. 125/1 The whole assembly then being soldered together and the final wheel profile cut with the wheel on a mandrel in the lathe.

4. The spindle on a phonograph or a graphophone, rotated by hand or motor, around which a cylindrical record is made to revolve for the purpose of recording or reproducing sound.

ΚΠ

1892 W. Gillett Phonograph iii. 36 We now proceed to the shaft and coned mandrel for carrying the wax cylinder.

1967 V. K. Chew Talking Machines 1877–1914 iii. 11 The principle of the graphophone was substantially the same as that of the phonograph but the sound impressions were incised on the wax-coated surface of a cardboard cylinder which was slipped onto a rotable mandrel.

1988 Music & Musicians Internat. Feb. 17/3 The speed of revolve of the cylinder mandrel, servo-controlled, is continuously variable from 200 rpm. down to stationary.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mandrel
释义	mandreln. Brit. /ˈmandr(ᵻ)l/, U.S. /ˈmændrəl/ Forms: 1500s manderelle, 1500s–1800s maundrel, 1500s– mandrel, 1500s– maundrell, 1600s–1800s maundril, 1600s–1800s maundrill, 1600s– mandril, 1600s– mandrill, 1700s manderil, 1700s mandrell, 1900s– mandaral (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin maundrellus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin maundrellus (from 1387 in British sources in sense 2), further etymology uncertain: perhaps ultimately < Old Occitan mandre kingpin (1389), tool used for drilling (1403), or a cognate of this word + post-classical Latin -ellus-ellus suffix. Old Occitan mandre is probably < post-classical Latin mamphur circular piece of wood of medium length with a strap wound round it used by workmen as a revolving tool (8th cent.), probably an early loan from an Oscan source, perhaps ultimately < the Indo-European base of Lithuanian mentė, menturis ladle, trowel, mixing-paddle, menturė winch, Sanskrit mantāḥ long implement with a flattened end used for stirring, and Old Icelandic mǫndull handle, especially of a handmill. Compare French mandrin, the name of various types of cylindrical tool used in manufacturing, or a lathe (1690) < Occitan mandrin iron rod, locksmith's stamp, lathe, cognate with mandre.The form of the Occitan word, if < post-classical Latin mamphur, is difficult to explain: analogy with an unattested Germanic cognate of Old Icelandic mǫndull has been suggested. 1. A miner's pick. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > miner's pick pulypyk1360 twibillc1440 mandrel1516 hack?a1558 two-billc1619 tubber1671 fouldenhead1747 poll-pick1747 tubbal1847 moil1871 dresser1881 1516 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 80 Item xlvj manderelles ij.s. viij.d. A gryndstone & cruke xd. Item ij spayddys & a shulle vjd. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 306 But he..by the help of his Maundrill, by degrees so wrought away the earth over head..that [etc.]. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Miij Mandrel, a Tool made after the manner of a Hack, but more Strong and Square, having both ends Sharp, Square Points. 1771 J. W. Fletcher Checks in Wks. (1795) II. 126 An ignorant collier, as great a stranger to your metaphysics as you are to his mandrell. 1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 344 A set of Colliers called Holers..begin in the night..pecking out all the holeing-stuff with a light and sharp tool called a pick, hack, or maundrel. 1848 Eng. & Foreign Mining Gloss. (Derbyshire Terms) 39 Maundrill, a pick for various purposes, but generally used to undermine. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 154 Mandril,..Maundril, Derb. and S. Wales, a prying pick with two prongs. 1945 G. Jones Buttercup Field 16 Men had worked here, crawling about like bees in a hive. Why, look! there was the haft of a mandril. 1973 J. Ormond Definition of Waterfall 2 So he'd left the farm For dark under the fields six days a week With mandrel and shovel and different stalls. 1993 G. E. Evans Crooked Scythe (BNC) 180 The collier and his helper..worked a limited space of the coal-face with the old hand-tools: the mandril or pick, the shovel, [etc.]. 2. A (more or less) cylindrical rod round which metal or other material is forged, cast, moulded, or otherwise shaped. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > process in bow- or arrow-making > instrument for arrow-making mandrel1554 society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > other general shaping equipment runner1769 mandrel1790 swage1812 rounder1846 crimper1855 rougher1867 1554 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories 1521–1603 (1977) 54 Goodes in the smythe [misprinted symthe]..2 axe mandrels 2 hamer mandrels and 2 ronde mandrels. 1587 in M. A. Havinden Househ. & Farm Inventories Oxfordshire (1965) 244 Twoe flatt maundrels an axe maundrell a fuller a clifte a setting punche a horshoe prichell and a stempe. c1644 in C. S. Terry Army of Covenant (1917) I. 34 Mandrills on moulds for cartrages two... White iron cartrages sixe. 1737 in M. Bodfish Probate Inventories of Smethwick Residents 1647–1747 (1992) 83 2 plow Shares and a Maundrell. 1790 Brit. Patent 1735 (1856) 2 I cast the lead in lengths,..this is put upon a polished rod or round maundrell of iron or any other metal, such maundrells being made of different lengths and diameters. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 17 The hole may be finished..by hammering it at a low heat upon a smooth mandrel or pin. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 364 When the pipe is cast, and the metal is set, this mandrel is drawn out of the mould, and another of smaller diameter is substituted. 1859 Regulations for Musketry Instr. Army 49 Roll the stiff paper tightly about 2½ times round the ‘mandrel’. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 50 Their early barrels appear to have been made from one broad band of metal rolled over a mandril. 1915 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 750/2 The huge ingot [of steel] is bored, then a mandrill is inserted, and round this the tube is forged by hydraulic pressure. 1931 C. E. Munroe & J. E. Tiffany Physical Testing Explosives 48 The wrapper is made into a cup by rolling one of the pieces of paper on a mandrel 25 cm in diameter. 1968 R. N. Parkins Mech. Treatm. Metals iv. 263 In the Pilger mill, the tube is deformed over a mandrel between rolls that work the tube during only part of each revolution. 1995 New Scientist 26 Aug. 19/1 If a mandrel is driven through the hole to stretch it slightly, the surrounding metal becomes compressed and this is known to inhibit cracks. 3. A shaft or spindle to which work is secured while being turned in a lathe, or to which a revolving tool is secured, as in a circular saw, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > part holding work mandrel1664 chock1665 pike1680 centre plate1717 carrier1733 chuck1806 screw chuck1827 grip-knob1833 faceplate1837 surface chuck1842 jaw-chuck1874 turning-carrier1877 screw worm chuck1881 steady1885 roller steady1911 1664 R. Hooke Let. 21 Oct. in R. Boyle Wks. (1744) V. 538/2 If these [sc. object-glasses] be made with a mandrel only, without any tool..which must certainly be the most accurate way imaginable for making spherical glasses, [etc.]. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 58 To give to the Axis or to the Mandril..that little Inclination. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xi. 198 There is another sort of Mandrels called Hollow Mandrels. 1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Manderil, a kind of wooden pulley, that is part of a turner's leath, of which there are several kinds, as flat, hollow, pin and skrew manderils. 1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 25 I turned it..upon my great lathe in the air (that is, upon the end of the mandrel). 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 452 The manderil is moved by a band wheel. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 12 If the mandrel of a lathe were made of the best steel, sufficiently hard to wear well in the collar, it would be snapped by a sudden check. 1879 R. S. Ball in Cassell's Techn. Educator vii. 62 By means of the band the pulley G, on what is called the ‘mandril’ of the lathe, is made to turn rapidly. 1889 P. N. Hasluck Model Engineer's Handybk. 58 The mandrel-cone centre point. 1921 K. S. Woods Rural Industries round Oxf. ii. i. 113 One of the two lathes in his workshop has been in use for over a hundred years. The ‘mandrill’, to which the wood for the bowls is fixed, is made to revolve by means of a treadle and a flexible pole, fixed at one end. 1967 O. Almeida Metalworking viii. 131 The Mandrel..is made of cast iron and has..a square hole at the flat end in which small stakes can be held. 1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. vi. 214 It is used in conjunction with a special mandrel, or arbor, on which the [grind]stone is mounted at one end, the other going directly into the drill chuck. 1991 Model Railways Mar. 125/1 The whole assembly then being soldered together and the final wheel profile cut with the wheel on a mandrel in the lathe. 4. The spindle on a phonograph or a graphophone, rotated by hand or motor, around which a cylindrical record is made to revolve for the purpose of recording or reproducing sound. ΚΠ 1892 W. Gillett Phonograph iii. 36 We now proceed to the shaft and coned mandrel for carrying the wax cylinder. 1967 V. K. Chew Talking Machines 1877–1914 iii. 11 The principle of the graphophone was substantially the same as that of the phonograph but the sound impressions were incised on the wax-coated surface of a cardboard cylinder which was slipped onto a rotable mandrel. 1988 Music & Musicians Internat. Feb. 17/3 The speed of revolve of the cylinder mandrel, servo-controlled, is continuously variable from 200 rpm. down to stationary. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † mandrelv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mandrel n. Etymology: < mandrel n. Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. transitive. To forge or shape using a mandrel; esp. to drive a mandrel into (a metal tube) in order to increase the inside diameter. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > tool for enlarging holes ream1825 rime1831 rimer1847 mandrel1890 reamer1912 1890 in Cent. Dict. Mandrel,..To operate upon with mandrels, as a bronze gun. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1516v.1890
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mandreln.

† mandrelv.