mandragoran.

Brit.

/manˈdraɡ(ə)rə/, U.S.

/ˌmændrəˈɡɔrə/,

/mænˈdræɡərə/

Forms:

α. Old English– mandragora, Middle English mandragores, 1500s–1600s mandragoras.

β. Middle English mandrogoris (plural), 1500s mandragor, 1500s (Scottish) 1700s–1800s mandragore, 1500s–1600s mandrager.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mandragora.

Etymology: < classical Latin mandragora (2nd. cent. a.d. as accusative mandragoram , feminine; in Pliny and frequently in other early writers as mandragorās , masculine) < ancient Greek μανδραγόρας , perhaps < Persian mardum giyā lit. ‘man plant’. Compare Anglo-Norman mandragora (12th cent.), Old French, Middle French, French mandragore (late 13th cent.), and forms cited s.v. mandglorye n.

a. = mandrake n. 1 (archaic). Also (Botany, only in the form mandragora): any plant of the genus Mandragora; (in form Mandragora) this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species Plantarum (1753) I. 181.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > mandrake

earth appleOE

mandragoraOE

mandrakea1350

mandglorye1483

mandragon?a1549

lettucer1562

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > narcotic > plant-derived

earth appleOE

poppyOE

mandragoraOE

mandrakea1350

opiuma1398

mandglorye1483

mandragon?a1549

diacodium1564

dagga1670

diacodiate1684

black drop1801

Omnopon1909

Pantopon1909

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > mandrake > fruit of

earth appleOE

mandragora1495

mandrake apple1563

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Hatton) (O.E.D. transcript) (1984) cxxxii. 170 Ðeos wyrt þe man mandragoran nemneþ ys mycel & mære on gesihþe.

?a1200 ( tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Harl. 6258B) ci. 67 Þeos wyrt mandragora hys fremful.

a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 432 A gres, Ðe name is mandragores.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 235 Mandragora..hatte malum terre among latyns, and poetes clepeþ it antropomos for þe roote..is somdel y-schape as a man.

?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 182 Mandragora is an herbe men clepe mandrake.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. cxii. 675 Oyle of Mandragora apples.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xxx. B Ruben wente out..and founde Mandragoras in the felde.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xx. sig. K.ii Mandragor doth helpe a woman to concepcion.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxxxiv. 438 The greene and fresh leaues of Mandragoras.

1657 J. Davies tr. V. de Voiture Lett. i. cxxvii. 208 He is a Distiller of Poppy, and Mandragoras.

1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 627/1 The species [of Atropa] are five; of which the three following are the most remarkable... 3. The mandragora, or mandrake, which has been distinguished into the male and female.

1826 W. Ainslie Materia Indica I. 208 The anodyne and soporific qualities of the mandragore root.

1939 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Sept. 637/2 As for his legs, I could swear they were made of mandragora roots, bifurcated, black, wrinkled, full of knots and warts.

1978 J. M. Edmonds in V. H. Heywood Flowering Plants of World 229/1 The petals [sc. in the Solanaceae] are variously fused, making the corolla..round and flat.., bell-shaped (eg Nicandra, Withania, Mandragora) or tubular.

1988 B. Chatwin Utz 13 Rudolf's treasures—his mandragoras, his basilisk..had long ago vanished from Prague.

1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 29/2 These objects too—mandragoras and tulips, bearded women, horns of unicorns..—carried their own symbolic meanings.

b. A medicinal preparation made from the root of the mandrake, used as a hypnotic or sedative; (figurative) something that produces a soothing or narcotic effect. Now historical.In Shakespeare Anthony & Cleopatra i. v. 3 the First Folio has the reading mandragoru, whence perhaps mandragorn in Scott's Kenilworth (1821) I. xii. 311. Cf. however mandragon n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > narcotic

narcoticc1385

opiec1385

opiate?a1425

dormitary1547

mandragora1605

dormitive1619

nepenthe1728

opiatic1847

sleep-stuff1880

chemical1954

fentanyl1963

1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe v. sig. I2 I haue..drunke Lethe, and Mandragora to forget you.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 334 Not Poppy, nor Mandragora, Nor all the drousie sirrops of the world, Shall euer medicine thee to that sweete sleepe.

1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy iv. ii. sig. K2^v Come violent death, Serue for Mandragora, to make me sleepe.

1738 Common Sense II. 4 The Drug call'd Mandragore.

1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd II. v. xi. 218 Earnest employment is the best mandragora for an aching heart.

1832 T. Carlyle Corn-Law Rhymes in Misc. (1857) III. 161 Her Ariel Melodies, and mystic mandragora Moans.

1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1855) II. ii. 19 He dosed himself with poppy, and mandragora, and blue pill.

1876 F. W. Farrar In Days of Youth vi. 56 The river of oblivion of sin repented of, the true mandragora for every guilty and sleepless soul.

1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 70 Although others used a drug called mandragora to keep the patient drowsy and apathetic during surgery.

1970 P. O'Brian Master & Commander (new ed.) viii. 254 I shall oblige him to take a black draught this evening..and some comfortable mandragora.

1990 M. Weatherall In Search of Cure (BNC) 256 The traditional sedatives, laudanum, mandragora, bromide, [etc.]..all had disadvantages and were gradually replaced.

†c. = mandrake wine n. at mandrake n. Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > medicinal wine

viper-wine1631

mandrake winea1640

wine whey1769

mandragora1844

tonic wine1899

Sanatogen1924

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > medicinal potion or draught > [noun] > medicated wine > specific

opopanax wine?1550

mandrake winea1640

white wine whey1718

sack-whey1736

oporice1753

ipecacuanha wine1761

wine whey1769

antimonial wine1771

balm-winea1811

mandragora1844

lizard wine1894

1844 E. B. Barrett Dead Pan in Poems II. 263 Have the Pygmies made you drunken, Bathing in mandragora Your divine pale lips that shiver Like the lotus in the river?

†2. Chinese mandragora n. ginseng (the plant). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > ginseng

ginseng1677

Chinese mandragora1728

sang1843

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Chinese Mandragora is the Plant Ginseng.

Derivatives

† mandragorite n. Obsolete rare a person who habitually takes mandragora as a narcotic.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Mandragora Mandragorite.

1900 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Mandragorite,..One who habitually intoxicates himself with a narcotic obtained from mandrake.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mandragora
释义	mandragoran. Brit. /manˈdraɡ(ə)rə/, U.S. /ˌmændrəˈɡɔrə/, /mænˈdræɡərə/ Forms: α. Old English– mandragora, Middle English mandragores, 1500s–1600s mandragoras. β. Middle English mandrogoris (plural), 1500s mandragor, 1500s (Scottish) 1700s–1800s mandragore, 1500s–1600s mandrager. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mandragora. Etymology: < classical Latin mandragora (2nd. cent. a.d. as accusative mandragoram , feminine; in Pliny and frequently in other early writers as mandragorās , masculine) < ancient Greek μανδραγόρας , perhaps < Persian mardum giyā lit. ‘man plant’. Compare Anglo-Norman mandragora (12th cent.), Old French, Middle French, French mandragore (late 13th cent.), and forms cited s.v. mandglorye n. 1. a. = mandrake n. 1 (archaic). Also (Botany, only in the form mandragora): any plant of the genus Mandragora; (in form Mandragora) this genus.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species Plantarum (1753) I. 181. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > mandrake earth appleOE mandragoraOE mandrakea1350 mandglorye1483 mandragon?a1549 lettucer1562 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > narcotic > plant-derived earth appleOE poppyOE mandragoraOE mandrakea1350 opiuma1398 mandglorye1483 mandragon?a1549 diacodium1564 dagga1670 diacodiate1684 black drop1801 Omnopon1909 Pantopon1909 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > mandrake > fruit of earth appleOE mandragora1495 mandrake apple1563 OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Hatton) (O.E.D. transcript) (1984) cxxxii. 170 Ðeos wyrt þe man mandragoran nemneþ ys mycel & mære on gesihþe. ?a1200 ( tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Harl. 6258B) ci. 67 Þeos wyrt mandragora hys fremful. a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 432 A gres, Ðe name is mandragores. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 235 Mandragora..hatte malum terre among latyns, and poetes clepeþ it antropomos for þe roote..is somdel y-schape as a man. ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh.) (1950) 182 Mandragora is an herbe men clepe mandrake. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. cxii. 675 Oyle of Mandragora apples. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Gen. xxx. B Ruben wente out..and founde Mandragoras in the felde. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xx. sig. K.ii Mandragor doth helpe a woman to concepcion. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lxxxiv. 438 The greene and fresh leaues of Mandragoras. 1657 J. Davies tr. V. de Voiture Lett. i. cxxvii. 208 He is a Distiller of Poppy, and Mandragoras. 1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 627/1 The species [of Atropa] are five; of which the three following are the most remarkable... 3. The mandragora, or mandrake, which has been distinguished into the male and female. 1826 W. Ainslie Materia Indica I. 208 The anodyne and soporific qualities of the mandragore root. 1939 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Sept. 637/2 As for his legs, I could swear they were made of mandragora roots, bifurcated, black, wrinkled, full of knots and warts. 1978 J. M. Edmonds in V. H. Heywood Flowering Plants of World 229/1 The petals [sc. in the Solanaceae] are variously fused, making the corolla..round and flat.., bell-shaped (eg Nicandra, Withania, Mandragora) or tubular. 1988 B. Chatwin Utz 13 Rudolf's treasures—his mandragoras, his basilisk..had long ago vanished from Prague. 1992 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 30 Jan. 29/2 These objects too—mandragoras and tulips, bearded women, horns of unicorns..—carried their own symbolic meanings. b. A medicinal preparation made from the root of the mandrake, used as a hypnotic or sedative; (figurative) something that produces a soothing or narcotic effect. Now historical.In Shakespeare Anthony & Cleopatra i. v. 3 the First Folio has the reading mandragoru, whence perhaps mandragorn in Scott's Kenilworth (1821) I. xii. 311. Cf. however mandragon n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > narcotic narcoticc1385 opiec1385 opiate?a1425 dormitary1547 mandragora1605 dormitive1619 nepenthe1728 opiatic1847 sleep-stuff1880 chemical1954 fentanyl1963 1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe v. sig. I2 I haue..drunke Lethe, and Mandragora to forget you. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 334 Not Poppy, nor Mandragora, Nor all the drousie sirrops of the world, Shall euer medicine thee to that sweete sleepe. View more context for this quotation 1623 J. Webster Dutchesse of Malfy iv. ii. sig. K2^v Come violent death, Serue for Mandragora, to make me sleepe. 1738 Common Sense II. 4 The Drug call'd Mandragore. 1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd II. v. xi. 218 Earnest employment is the best mandragora for an aching heart. 1832 T. Carlyle Corn-Law Rhymes in Misc. (1857) III. 161 Her Ariel Melodies, and mystic mandragora Moans. 1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1855) II. ii. 19 He dosed himself with poppy, and mandragora, and blue pill. 1876 F. W. Farrar In Days of Youth vi. 56 The river of oblivion of sin repented of, the true mandragora for every guilty and sleepless soul. 1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 70 Although others used a drug called mandragora to keep the patient drowsy and apathetic during surgery. 1970 P. O'Brian Master & Commander (new ed.) viii. 254 I shall oblige him to take a black draught this evening..and some comfortable mandragora. 1990 M. Weatherall In Search of Cure (BNC) 256 The traditional sedatives, laudanum, mandragora, bromide, [etc.]..all had disadvantages and were gradually replaced. †c. = mandrake wine n. at mandrake n. Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > types of wine > [noun] > medicinal wine viper-wine1631 mandrake winea1640 wine whey1769 mandragora1844 tonic wine1899 Sanatogen1924 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > medicinal potion or draught > [noun] > medicated wine > specific opopanax wine?1550 mandrake winea1640 white wine whey1718 sack-whey1736 oporice1753 ipecacuanha wine1761 wine whey1769 antimonial wine1771 balm-winea1811 mandragora1844 lizard wine1894 1844 E. B. Barrett Dead Pan in Poems II. 263 Have the Pygmies made you drunken, Bathing in mandragora Your divine pale lips that shiver Like the lotus in the river? †2. Chinese mandragora n. ginseng (the plant). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > ginseng ginseng1677 Chinese mandragora1728 sang1843 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Chinese Mandragora is the Plant Ginseng. Derivatives † mandragorite n. Obsolete rare a person who habitually takes mandragora as a narcotic.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. at Mandragora Mandragorite. 1900 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Mandragorite,..One who habitually intoxicates himself with a narcotic obtained from mandrake. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.OE
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