maleicadj.

Brit.

/məˈliːɪk/, U.S.

/məˈliɪk/,

/məˈleɪɪk/

Forms: 1800s malaeic, 1800s– maleic.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French maléique.

Etymology: < French maléique (T. J. Pelouze 1834, in Ann. de chim. et de physique 56 74, after A. M. Ampère's suggestion of maléalique ), altered form of malique (see malic adj.), as indicating that this acid was related to malic acid.

Chemistry.

1. maleic acid n. a crystalline unsaturated dibasic acid, cis-HOOC·CH:CH·COOH (cis-butenedioic acid), which is isomeric with fumaric acid and is a product of the dry distillation of malic acid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [noun] > acids-named > containing hydrogen or hydracids

hydracid1823

maleic acid1838

hydro-acid1845

hydrogen acid1866

fluoresceic acid1889

maleinic acid1889

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies ii. 55 Maleic acid crystallizes in oblique four-sided prisms.

1844 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 444 The volatile acid produced simultaneously with the fumaric acid is called maleic acid.

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. v. 335 Hydrated malæic acid when maintained in a state of fusion at 300°, is converted into a crystalline mass of fumaric acid.

1926 Trans. Faraday Soc. 21 453 In the photochemical isomeric change of maleic and fumaric acid, the quantum efficiency was found to be much smaller than unity.

1981 P. Sykes Guidebk. to Mechanism in Org. Chem. (ed. 5) iii. 63 cis-Butenedioic (maleic) acid..is a much stronger acid than trans-butenedioic (fumaric) acid.

1997 Dentistry Today Sept. 82/1 Many acids have been suggested for dentin conditioning, including phosphoric acid.., polyacrylic acid, and maleic acid.

a. maleic anhydride n. the anhydride, C₄H₂O₃, of maleic acid, used in synthesis to form addition compounds with substances containing conjugated carbon–carbon double bonds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [noun] > compounds > types > conjugated compound

maleic anhydride1857

conjugate1916

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. v. 335 If distilled by a temperature suddenly elevated to 460°, malæic anhydride is formed.

1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 74 i. 177 Maleinoid chlorobromosuccinic acid is prepared by saturating with chlorine a solution of bromine in chloroform, adding maleic anhydride, again passing chlorine into the liquid, which is then exposed to bright sunlight.

1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xix. 389 A purely aliphatic compound, maleic anhydride, an intermediate for alkyd resins..is obtained from benzene by passing its vapour, mixed with air, over a vanadium pentoxide catalyst at 450°.

1972 Materials & Technol. IV. xiii. 465 The peculiar structure of maleic anhydride, in which a CC double bond is in conjugation with a CO double bond, makes it the most important and widely used dienoph[i]lic component in the Diels–Alder reaction with 1,3-dienes to produce non-aromatic six-membered ring compounds.

1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game v. 62 Masamune and company wove the basket by..Diels-Alder and electrocyclic reactions between cyclooctatetraene and maleic anhydride.

b. maleic value n. a measure of the number of conjugated double bonds in a substance (e.g. an oil), obtained by reaction with maleic anhydride. Also maleic anhydride value.

ΚΠ

1936 Ellis & Jones in Analyst 61 814 The calculation of the ‘maleic anhydride value’ (M.A.V.) or, more shortly, ‘maleic value’ is given... At the moment the term ‘maleic value’ is suggested for this figure in preference to ‘diene value’.

1950 K. A. Williams Oils, Fats & Fatty Foods (ed. 3) iii. 116 The maleic anhydride value is given by the expression: 12·692 × ml. of alkali used ÷ weight of sample taken in grams.

c. maleic hydrazide n. the hydrazide of maleic acid, a cyclic crystalline compound, C₄H₄N₂O₂, used as a plant growth retardant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > aldehydes or alkanals > [noun] > aldehyde or ketone derivatives > hydrazides > named

luminol1934

maleic hydrazide1949

1949 Science 10 June 588/2 Maleic hydrazide has been found to have a pronounced, but temporary, inhibiting effect on plant growth.

1964 Jrnl. Ecol. 52 448 One should add that maleic hydrazide is not generally considered to be a carbamate.

1975 Jrnl. Ecol. 63 1004 The use of chemicals such as maleic hydrazide for the growth control of vegetation is not mentioned.

1988 J. A. R. Lockhart & A. J. L. Wiseman Introd. Crop Husbandry (ed. 6) iv. 145/1 Maleic hydrazide sprayed on the ripening crop will prevent sprouting in store.

1998 Food Additives & Contaminants 15 (title) The carry-through of residues of maleic hydrazide from treated potatoes, following manufacture into potato crisps.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	maleic
释义	maleicadj. Brit. /məˈliːɪk/, U.S. /məˈliɪk/, /məˈleɪɪk/ Forms: 1800s malaeic, 1800s– maleic. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French maléique. Etymology: < French maléique (T. J. Pelouze 1834, in Ann. de chim. et de physique 56 74, after A. M. Ampère's suggestion of maléalique ), altered form of malique (see malic adj.), as indicating that this acid was related to malic acid. Chemistry. 1. maleic acid n. a crystalline unsaturated dibasic acid, cis-HOOC·CH:CH·COOH (cis-butenedioic acid), which is isomeric with fumaric acid and is a product of the dry distillation of malic acid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [noun] > acids-named > containing hydrogen or hydracids hydracid1823 maleic acid1838 hydro-acid1845 hydrogen acid1866 fluoresceic acid1889 maleinic acid1889 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies ii. 55 Maleic acid crystallizes in oblique four-sided prisms. 1844 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 444 The volatile acid produced simultaneously with the fumaric acid is called maleic acid. 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. v. 335 Hydrated malæic acid when maintained in a state of fusion at 300°, is converted into a crystalline mass of fumaric acid. 1926 Trans. Faraday Soc. 21 453 In the photochemical isomeric change of maleic and fumaric acid, the quantum efficiency was found to be much smaller than unity. 1981 P. Sykes Guidebk. to Mechanism in Org. Chem. (ed. 5) iii. 63 cis-Butenedioic (maleic) acid..is a much stronger acid than trans-butenedioic (fumaric) acid. 1997 Dentistry Today Sept. 82/1 Many acids have been suggested for dentin conditioning, including phosphoric acid.., polyacrylic acid, and maleic acid. 2. a. maleic anhydride n. the anhydride, C₄H₂O₃, of maleic acid, used in synthesis to form addition compounds with substances containing conjugated carbon–carbon double bonds. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [noun] > compounds > types > conjugated compound maleic anhydride1857 conjugate1916 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. v. 335 If distilled by a temperature suddenly elevated to 460°, malæic anhydride is formed. 1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 74 i. 177 Maleinoid chlorobromosuccinic acid is prepared by saturating with chlorine a solution of bromine in chloroform, adding maleic anhydride, again passing chlorine into the liquid, which is then exposed to bright sunlight. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xix. 389 A purely aliphatic compound, maleic anhydride, an intermediate for alkyd resins..is obtained from benzene by passing its vapour, mixed with air, over a vanadium pentoxide catalyst at 450°. 1972 Materials & Technol. IV. xiii. 465 The peculiar structure of maleic anhydride, in which a CC double bond is in conjugation with a CO double bond, makes it the most important and widely used dienoph[i]lic component in the Diels–Alder reaction with 1,3-dienes to produce non-aromatic six-membered ring compounds. 1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game v. 62 Masamune and company wove the basket by..Diels-Alder and electrocyclic reactions between cyclooctatetraene and maleic anhydride. b. maleic value n. a measure of the number of conjugated double bonds in a substance (e.g. an oil), obtained by reaction with maleic anhydride. Also maleic anhydride value. ΚΠ 1936 Ellis & Jones in Analyst 61 814 The calculation of the ‘maleic anhydride value’ (M.A.V.) or, more shortly, ‘maleic value’ is given... At the moment the term ‘maleic value’ is suggested for this figure in preference to ‘diene value’. 1950 K. A. Williams Oils, Fats & Fatty Foods (ed. 3) iii. 116 The maleic anhydride value is given by the expression: 12·692 × ml. of alkali used ÷ weight of sample taken in grams. c. maleic hydrazide n. the hydrazide of maleic acid, a cyclic crystalline compound, C₄H₄N₂O₂, used as a plant growth retardant. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > aldehydes or alkanals > [noun] > aldehyde or ketone derivatives > hydrazides > named luminol1934 maleic hydrazide1949 1949 Science 10 June 588/2 Maleic hydrazide has been found to have a pronounced, but temporary, inhibiting effect on plant growth. 1964 Jrnl. Ecol. 52 448 One should add that maleic hydrazide is not generally considered to be a carbamate. 1975 Jrnl. Ecol. 63 1004 The use of chemicals such as maleic hydrazide for the growth control of vegetation is not mentioned. 1988 J. A. R. Lockhart & A. J. L. Wiseman Introd. Crop Husbandry (ed. 6) iv. 145/1 Maleic hydrazide sprayed on the ripening crop will prevent sprouting in store. 1998 Food Additives & Contaminants 15 (title) The carry-through of residues of maleic hydrazide from treated potatoes, following manufacture into potato crisps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1838
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