malefactorn.

Brit.

/ˈmalᵻfaktə/, U.S.

/ˈˌmæləˈˌfæktər/

Forms: late Middle English malefactowr, late Middle English malfacteur, late Middle English–1600s malefactour, 1500s malifactor, 1500s malifactour, 1500s mallefactore, 1500s– malefactor; Scottish pre-1700 malefactour, pre-1700 malefactovr, pre-1700 malifactour, pre-1700 mallefactor, pre-1700 malyfactour, pre-1700 1700s– malefactor. Cf. malfetour n.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin malefactor.

Etymology: < classical Latin malefactor wrongdoer (in Plautus; common in post-classical Latin in Vulgate and in Christian writers; frequently in British sources from the 12th cent.) < malefact- , past participial stem of malefacere (see malefact n.) + -or -or suffix. Compare Old French malfaitor (1155), Middle French, French malfaiteur (c1393), and malfetour n.In form malfacteur (see quot. ?1473 at sense 1) after such Middle French forms as malfaicteur (14th-16th cent.), and perhaps showing independent borrowing < French. With use in sense 2 with a possessive adjective compare similar use in post-classical Latin and in French. In the 18th cent. recorded with stress on the third syllable.

1. A person guilty of a heinous offence against the law; a felon, a criminal. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > criminality > criminal person > [noun]

felon1297

wandelard1338

malefactora1438

malfetoura1450

stigmatic1597

stigmatist1607

criminal1610

mug1865

crook1879

heavy man1926

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker

waryOE

wandelard1338

breakerc1384

malefactora1438

law-breakerc1440

misgovernora1449

malfetoura1450

wrongdoer1501

contravener1567

criminal1610

contravenary1614

mug1865

crook1879

outlaw1880

punter1891

kink1914

heavy man1926

crim1927

antisocial1945

villain1960

banduluc1977

a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 190 (MED) Sche saw hem..drewyn hym forth a-forn hem as it had ben þe most malefactowr in al þe worlde.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 7^v He dyde iustyce on malfacteurs [Fr. malfaicteurs].

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 56 Anon thei entred the forest, and sone the malefactours mette hem.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Luke xxiii. 32 And there were led also other two malefactours with him, to be executed.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvi. 17 The great place..wher the malefactors [Fr. malfaicteurs] are punished.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. v. 53 I do not like but yet, it does alay The good precedence, fie vpon but yet, But [printed Bur] yet is as a Iaylor to bring foorth Some monstrous Malefactor .

1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) iv. 88 Leade them forth..as..malefactours to execution.

1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 110 If their barking-Dog, disturb her ease..Th'unmanner'd Malefactor, is Arraign'd.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 53 A Malefactor who has the Halter about his Neck.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 27 For the most atrocious crimes..the malefactor is broken upon the wheel.

1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. 21 He may reprieve a condemned malefactor till the next meeting of the general assembly.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xiii. §113. 378 By a malefactor, we now understand a convicted criminal, which is far from being the acceptation of evil-doer.

1916 Literary Digest 19 Aug. 424/3 The malefactor is sent away to the ‘big house’.

1988 Independent 19 Oct. 20/1 The man who says, to someone whom he supposes to be a malefactor, ‘Get out or I will beat you to death’..is a criminal himself.

2. An evildoer; a person who behaves badly or wickedly towards another (esp. opposed to benefactor).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil person > [noun]

fiendc1220

shrewc1250

quedea1275

felon1340

malfeasorc1380

evil-doer1398

forfeiter1413

pucka1450

malefactor?c1450

wicked-doerc1450

improbe1484

wicked1484

Gomorrheana1529

dunghill1542

felonian1594

naughta1639

black sheep1640

pimp1649

hellicat1816

malfeasant1867

a bad sortc1869

bad seed1954

bloody1960

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > evil-doer

scatheOE

misdoera1325

malfeasorc1380

evil-doer1398

forfeiter1413

wrongerc1449

malefactor?c1450

wicked-doerc1450

wrongdoerc1450

felonian1594

hellcat1603

commissioner1651

misactor1659

malfeasant1867

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 137 (MED) Whoso takithe vengeaunce upon his malefactoures, he lesithe the merite of humble sufferaunce.

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton G vj Hit is better that the malefactour juge hym selfe than that another shold juge hym.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 176 Alle malefactours [Harl. his trespassours & Aduersarijs] shull folow his chare, and her handes shall be bounde be-hynde hem.

1538 H. Latimer Let. 25 June in Serm. & Remains (1845) (modernized text) II. 398 Here is much beaming and bolstering, and malefactors do not lack their supporters.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. i. 50 Benefactors? Well: What Benefactors are they? Are they not Malefactors ?

1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 45 God..doth sometimes punish Malefactors, without observing the formes of justice.

1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. v. 76 in Church-hist. Brit. King Edward the fourth a malefactour to this Colledge.

1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. xi. 178 Goodman Warmhouse..rode much at his ease by the chariot of his malefactor.

1860 R. W. Emerson Considerations in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 218 Mankind divides itself into two classes,—benefactors and malefactors.

1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel vi. 296 That later king, who..was called from his deeds, Kakergetes, ‘malefactor’.

1908 Nation (N.Y.) 16 Apr. 344/3 Hereafter the word [grafter] cannot be lightly used as a synonym for any malefactor at the head of a corporation.

1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 151/2 A Tiou malefactor cut the tail off a planter's mare.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	malefactor
释义	malefactorn. Brit. /ˈmalᵻfaktə/, U.S. /ˈˌmæləˈˌfæktər/ Forms: late Middle English malefactowr, late Middle English malfacteur, late Middle English–1600s malefactour, 1500s malifactor, 1500s malifactour, 1500s mallefactore, 1500s– malefactor; Scottish pre-1700 malefactour, pre-1700 malefactovr, pre-1700 malifactour, pre-1700 mallefactor, pre-1700 malyfactour, pre-1700 1700s– malefactor. Cf. malfetour n. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin malefactor. Etymology: < classical Latin malefactor wrongdoer (in Plautus; common in post-classical Latin in Vulgate and in Christian writers; frequently in British sources from the 12th cent.) < malefact- , past participial stem of malefacere (see malefact n.) + -or -or suffix. Compare Old French malfaitor (1155), Middle French, French malfaiteur (c1393), and malfetour n.In form malfacteur (see quot. ?1473 at sense 1) after such Middle French forms as malfaicteur (14th-16th cent.), and perhaps showing independent borrowing < French. With use in sense 2 with a possessive adjective compare similar use in post-classical Latin and in French. In the 18th cent. recorded with stress on the third syllable. 1. A person guilty of a heinous offence against the law; a felon, a criminal. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > criminality > criminal person > [noun] felon1297 wandelard1338 malefactora1438 malfetoura1450 stigmatic1597 stigmatist1607 criminal1610 mug1865 crook1879 heavy man1926 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker waryOE wandelard1338 breakerc1384 malefactora1438 law-breakerc1440 misgovernora1449 malfetoura1450 wrongdoer1501 contravener1567 criminal1610 contravenary1614 mug1865 crook1879 outlaw1880 punter1891 kink1914 heavy man1926 crim1927 antisocial1945 villain1960 banduluc1977 a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 190 (MED) Sche saw hem..drewyn hym forth a-forn hem as it had ben þe most malefactowr in al þe worlde. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 7^v He dyde iustyce on malfacteurs [Fr. malfaicteurs]. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 56 Anon thei entred the forest, and sone the malefactours mette hem. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Luke xxiii. 32 And there were led also other two malefactours with him, to be executed. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvi. 17 The great place..wher the malefactors [Fr. malfaicteurs] are punished. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. v. 53 I do not like but yet, it does alay The good precedence, fie vpon but yet, But [printed Bur] yet is as a Iaylor to bring foorth Some monstrous Malefactor . View more context for this quotation 1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) iv. 88 Leade them forth..as..malefactours to execution. 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 110 If their barking-Dog, disturb her ease..Th'unmanner'd Malefactor, is Arraign'd. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 53 A Malefactor who has the Halter about his Neck. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 27 For the most atrocious crimes..the malefactor is broken upon the wheel. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. 21 He may reprieve a condemned malefactor till the next meeting of the general assembly. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xiii. §113. 378 By a malefactor, we now understand a convicted criminal, which is far from being the acceptation of evil-doer. 1916 Literary Digest 19 Aug. 424/3 The malefactor is sent away to the ‘big house’. 1988 Independent 19 Oct. 20/1 The man who says, to someone whom he supposes to be a malefactor, ‘Get out or I will beat you to death’..is a criminal himself. 2. An evildoer; a person who behaves badly or wickedly towards another (esp. opposed to benefactor). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil person > [noun] fiendc1220 shrewc1250 quedea1275 felon1340 malfeasorc1380 evil-doer1398 forfeiter1413 pucka1450 malefactor?c1450 wicked-doerc1450 improbe1484 wicked1484 Gomorrheana1529 dunghill1542 felonian1594 naughta1639 black sheep1640 pimp1649 hellicat1816 malfeasant1867 a bad sortc1869 bad seed1954 bloody1960 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > evil-doer scatheOE misdoera1325 malfeasorc1380 evil-doer1398 forfeiter1413 wrongerc1449 malefactor?c1450 wicked-doerc1450 wrongdoerc1450 felonian1594 hellcat1603 commissioner1651 misactor1659 malfeasant1867 ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 137 (MED) Whoso takithe vengeaunce upon his malefactoures, he lesithe the merite of humble sufferaunce. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton G vj Hit is better that the malefactour juge hym selfe than that another shold juge hym. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 176 Alle malefactours [Harl. his trespassours & Aduersarijs] shull folow his chare, and her handes shall be bounde be-hynde hem. 1538 H. Latimer Let. 25 June in Serm. & Remains (1845) (modernized text) II. 398 Here is much beaming and bolstering, and malefactors do not lack their supporters. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. i. 50 Benefactors? Well: What Benefactors are they? Are they not Malefactors ? View more context for this quotation 1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 45 God..doth sometimes punish Malefactors, without observing the formes of justice. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. v. 76 in Church-hist. Brit. King Edward the fourth a malefactour to this Colledge. 1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. xi. 178 Goodman Warmhouse..rode much at his ease by the chariot of his malefactor. 1860 R. W. Emerson Considerations in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 218 Mankind divides itself into two classes,—benefactors and malefactors. 1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel vi. 296 That later king, who..was called from his deeds, Kakergetes, ‘malefactor’. 1908 Nation (N.Y.) 16 Apr. 344/3 Hereafter the word [grafter] cannot be lightly used as a synonym for any malefactor at the head of a corporation. 1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 151/2 A Tiou malefactor cut the tail off a planter's mare. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1438
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