autonomousadj.

1673 R. Baxter Christian Directory i. iii. 92 To teach us to take heed of Autonomous, Supercilious, domineering, formal Hypocrites, and false teachers.

1777 tr. C.-L. de S. de Montesquieu Let. in Compl. Wks. IV. 25 You rank Carthage after the second Punic war, as among the autonomous cities subject to the Roman empire.

1804 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1803 2 244 If the [Irish] nation was to become autonomous.

1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. ii. i. 200 The autonomous Greek colonial cities in Syria and Asia Minor.

1895 Eclectic Mag. Oct. 566 A Turkophil Bulgaria might come..to mean a great autonomous..Balkan Kingdom.

1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. 244 Utah had become a practically autonomous Single-Tax State.

1957 H. Carter in First Person Rural (1963) ix. 77 Those ministers of sects which are not autonomous, who have synods..or other bodies of authority and control over them.

1984 E. Bourgoin Foreign Langs. & your Career (ed. 3) ii. 16 Autonomous local organizations dedicated to the development of mutual understanding between the United States and the host country.

2003 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 7 June 12 We want a wonderful building as the focus for a better, more autonomous Scotland.

1811 Monthly Mag. June 424 Ecclesiastics of a compromising spirit, are more numerous..than ecclesiastics..[who] think for themselves... Where an autonomous mind exists, it is mostly attended with a spirit of proselytism.

1864 tr. Madame d'Héricourt Woman's Philos. Woman i. 30 Men shun marriage..because they do not wish a real, that is, an autonomous wife at their side.

1926 W. Lewis Art of being Ruled xi. vi. 347 As to the position of the workman in society, collectivism would not make the workman independent or autonomous.

1953 R. A. Heinlein Starman Jones vi. 70 The chief engineer was under the first officer, too, but he was nearly an autonomous satrap.

1988 Update 15 Oct. 736/3 Patients are not able to be autonomous because of his or her illness.

2000 A. Moreton-Robinson Talkin' up to White Woman (2006) iii. 84 [She] argues for the recognition of ‘traditional’ Indigenous women's role and status as autonomous and independent.

1856 Lives of Illustrious 5 225/1 The force of the pure motive of duty must be referred wholly to the agent himself; the will is self-governing..autonomous (to use Kant's own term).

1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. 736 The absolutely good Will must be autonomous—i.e., without any kind of motive or interest.

a1871 G. Grote Fragm. Ethical Subj. (1876) ii. 47 The will is..in a certain sense autonomous, not heteronomous.

1948 T. Kantonen Resurgence of Gospel ii. 61 Kant..found his key-principle in an autonomous moral will, and reduced God to the role of rewarding human virtue.

1997 W. P. Pomerleau Twelve Great Philosophers 315/1 He [sc. Hegel's Jesus] advocates autonomous self-governance as required by human dignity, rather than the authority of ‘ecclesiastical statutes’.

1881 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon at Autonomy Anatomy and physiology are autonomous, since the phenomena presented by animals and plants are not at present referable to chemical, physical, or other laws.

1920 J. A. Thomson Syst. Animate Nature I. i. 36 The materialistic proposal to make physiology a branch of physics, and psychology a branch of physiology, has not been substantiated. Biology and Psychology remain autonomous.

1949 Amer. Speech 24 223/1 Intonation..should be studied as an autonomous discipline and not just as a branch of linguistics.

1997 S. Hauerwas in C. Gunton Cambr. Compan. Christian Doctr. ii. 29 Now it was assumed that ‘ethics’ is an autonomous discipline that is no longer dependent on religious conviction.

2003 R. Harris in H. G. Davis & T. J. Taylor Rethinking Linguistics ii. 60 Setting up linguistics as a autonomous discipline in the nineteenth century required—and presupposed—an autonomous subject matter.

1967 College Eng. 29 (front matter) (advt.) The facts of the relevant domain support systematic and not autonomous phonemics.

1968 P. M. Postal Aspects Phonol. Theory p. x I shall refer..to this dominant conception of phonological structure as ‘autonomous phonology’ or ‘autonomous phonemics’.

1985 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 51 378 In autonomous phonology, there is no unique phonemic solution for the syllabic nasals.

2003 A. J. Bronstein in R. R. K. Hartmann Lexicography II. iv. xxvi. 74 The ‘classical’ phonetic approaches developed by the structural linguists of the 1930s and 1940s, later known as ‘taxonomic’ or ‘autonomous phonemics’.

1884 Melbourne Rev. Jan. 39 Manhood and womanhood are not rivals, but helps: not autonomous, but co-related: not whole and complete each in itself, but complements the one to the other.

1903 H. Manacorda & J. Muirhead tr. G. Villa Contemp. Psychol. v. 200 Feeling, in their opinion, is an autonomous mental function quite independent of cognition and of will.

1968 R. C. Gagné in V. F. Valentine & F. G. Vallee Eskimo of Canad. Arctic 32 The Eskimo language..must be studied as an independent and autonomous system.

1995 K. Bilby in P. Manuel et al. Caribbean Currents vii. 143 Reggae, now recognized as an autonomous marketing ‘category’ (whereas other Caribbean popular styles, such as soca, zouk, or merengue, are still generally relegated to the ‘international’ or ‘world music’ bins).

1915 J. M. Baldwin Genetic Theory Reality xv. 283 The æsthetic object is not relative. It admits no ‘other’; it is all-engrossing in its essential interest and self-sustaining in its objective compass... The æsthetic object is in this respect absolute; it means to be an unrelated and autonomous whole.

1949 Poetry (Chicago) Feb. 299 Tate holds that the poem is autonomous, and that the only relevance the subject-ideas have is to each other within the formal meaning of the work itself.

1991 Jrnl. Royal Mus. Assoc. 116 ii. 304 Much of the thrust of modernist analysis in music reinforces the view that artworks are autonomous and in control of their own meanings: standing outside the work, we are duty-bound to decode it on its own terms.

2003 Burlington Mag. Dec. 881/2 The exhibition constantly urges us to consider the possibility that terracottas were made and appreciated as autonomous works.

1957 N. Chomsky Syntactic Structures 17 I think that we are forced to conclude that grammar is autonomous and independent of meaning, and that probabilistic models give no particular insight into some of the basic problems of syntactic structure.

1972 Found. Lang. 8 255 If no syntactic argument can be constructed in support of a particular rule formulated for semantic reasons, the balance will swing in favour of Autonomous Syntax.

1983 E. Bates et al. in K. E. Nelson Children's Lang. IV. iii. 95 Such a dissociation between lexical and syntactic processes is compatible with a linguistic theory..in which there is an autonomous syntactic component that operates independent of meaning.

2010 O. Fischer in K. Stathi et al. Grammaticalization ii. 186 Some generative linguists believe that the innate, autonomous grammar arose via an earlier proto-grammar, which did develop out of discourse to begin with.

1950 L. L. Rauch in S. Lefschetz Contributions Theory of Nonlinear Oscillations 41 When f(t) = 0 we have an autonomous system whose only stable solution must be an unique stable singular point near the origin if the closed-loop control system is to be successful.

1966 A. Halanay Differential Equations iv. 491 The problem of singular perturbations in autonomous systems with time lag can be treated in the same way.

1983 T. Beth in G. Longo Secure Digital Communications 90 A linear feedback shift register is an autonomous finite state machine with an invertible transition function.

1991 Sci. Amer. Aug. 66/1 The mathematically idealized versions of biological systems I shall discuss are called autonomous random Boolean NK networks... They are autonomous because none of the inputs comes from outside the system.

2004 T. J. Velte & A. T. Velte Cisco (ed. 3) xiv. 567 The world's network operators need a single standard to integrate the millions of autonomous systems operating in the world.

1955 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 17 Jan. 1/2 So far our houses have been tied to water and sewer mains. In the drawing board and idea stage is an ‘autonomous house’.

1974 Science 19 Apr. 278/1 The concept of an autonomous house has considerable appeal, especially for those who live in rural areas.

1996 Independent 2 Apr. ii. 4/2 Architects Brenda and Robert Vale designed and built a four bedroom ‘autonomous house’ in Southwell, Nottinghamshire.

2009 J. Yudelson Green Building Trends iii. 34 The EPC..rates nonresidential buildings on a scale of 0 to 1,000 for their primary energy demand, where 0 is a totally autonomous building, off the grid in every respect.

1981 Proc. 4th Brit. Robot Assoc. 97 For handling those problems, the future generation of APAS systems will need a certain form of autonomous intelligence.]

1984 CIRP Ann. Manfacturing. Technol. 291/2 To produce an autonomous adaptable unit comprising both sensing and activation, which is interposed between the wrist and the gripper of the manipulator.

1991 Discover Mar. 49/2 For that money we could get two of these things to the moon... They don't even need a ground crew, because they're totally autonomous.

2008 Sci. Amer. Dec. 14/1 Autonomous underwater vehicles will glide outward from these moorings along preprogrammed paths, capturing details about the physics, chemistry and biology of broad areas.