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单词 magnesia
释义

magnesian.

Brit. /maɡˈniːʒə/, /maɡˈniːzɪə/, /maɡˈniːʃə/, U.S. /mæɡˈniʒə/, /mæɡˈniʃə/
Forms: Middle English magnaca, Middle English magnacia, Middle English magnacian, Middle English magnanyzia, Middle English magnasia, Middle English magnasyes, Middle English magnesiays, Middle English magnetia, Middle English– magnesia.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin magnesia.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin magnesia (from 13th cent. in British sources), name of several amalgams and alchemical substances, usually non-ferrous (e.g. magnesia opalina , a red sulphide of antimony) < Hellenistic Greek or Byzantine Greek μαγνησία , name of several ores and metallic amalgams in alchemical writers from the 2nd cent. onwards < ancient Greek Μαγνῆτις λίθος ‘the Magnesian stone’, a name of lodestone (see magnes n.) and of a mineral, probably a kind of talc, described by Theophrastus as resembling silver.Sense 2 probably arose from the early confusion of certain manganese ores with lodestone; post-classical Latin magnesia is used in this sense by Albertus Magnus (a1250), as is Middle French, French magnesie in the mid 16th cent. Compare the statement of Pliny ( Nat. Hist. 36. 66) that lodestone (magnes lapis ) was used in making glass, and compare also manganese n. 1a, especially quots. 1677, 1672, and 1755. Post-classical Latin magnesia alba (see Compounds) probably arose from use contrastively with magnesia nigra black magnesia (see sense 2); N.E.D. suggests also s.v. the possibility of influence by earlier magnes carneus flesh-magnet, applied c1550 by J. Cardan ( De Subtilitate vii, Opera III. 475) to a white earth resembling osteocolla, because it was found to adhere strongly to the lips, and was therefore supposed to have the same attraction for flesh that the lodestone has for iron.
1.
a. Alchemy. A mineral considered by some alchemists to be one of the ingredients of the philosopher's stone. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > chemical digestion > philosophers' stone > ingredients of
magnesiac1395
titanosc1405
powder of projection1650
c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 1455 ‘Take the stoon..Titanos..Magnasia [v.rr. Magnesia, magnacian, magnanyzia, magnasyes, magnesiays] is the same.’..‘What is Magnasia [v.rr. magnacia, magnesia, magnaca]?’..‘It is a water that is maad..Of elementes foure.’
a1550 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) 1159 An other stone..ye must haue..a stone glittering with perspicuite. Being of A wonderful diaphanite her name is magnesia.
a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 43 (MED) Our stone is called the less worlde one & three, Magnesia also of sulphure and mercurie proporcionat by nature moste perfitlye.
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. xiii. 58 From this tree of Saturne springeth antimony, as the first branch of the stock which the phylosophers cal their magnesia.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. E2 Your Marchesite, your Tutie, your Magnesia . View more context for this quotation
b. figurative. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1650 T. Vaughan Magia Adamica 84 They call her their Catholic Magnesia, and the Sperme of the World, out of which all Naturall things are generated.
1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs Pref. b 2 b We catch at onely painted Butter-flyes, and speculate not the Magnesia or substantiality of Physicks, but rather its Umbrage; not the Body, but the Bark, and superficial out side.
c. [After Paracelsus' use] = amalgam n. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > mercury alloys or amalgam
argenture1576
magnesia1651
amalgam1665
philosophers' tree1692
philosophical tree1703
quick1852
native amalgam1875
1651 J. French Art Distillation vi. 185 Hang plates of gold over the fume of Argent vive, and they will become white, friable, and fluxil as wax. This is called the Magnesia of gold, as saith Paracelsus.
2. = manganese n. 1a. Also black magnesia. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > rutile and uranite groups A02 > manganese dioxide
brownstone1657
manganese1662
magnesia1677
soap of glass1815
pyrolusite1828
varvicite1829
polianite1849
manganese dioxide1866
pelagite1876
manganese oxide1882
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 79 Magnesia (in the Glass-houses, called Manganese).
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 103/2 The last ingredient [of Cristalline Glass] is Manganese, or Magnesia, so called from its Likeness in Colour, Weight and Substance to the Load-Stone.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Magnissa Many have supposed the Magnissa to be the same with magnesia, that is, manganese, but this is an error.
1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 427/1 Black Magnesia. See Manganese.
3. Any of several compounds of magnesium. (a) [Originally short for magnesia alba n. at Compounds.] Hydrated magnesium carbonate, a white powder used medicinally as an antacid and laxative and in various manufacturing processes. (b) Chemistry. Magnesium oxide, MgO, a refractory solid used esp. in ceramics and as an electrical insulator. (c) Medicine. Magnesium hydroxide, a white powder used as an antacid and laxative; esp. in Milk of Magnesia (see milk n.1 5e).calcined magnesia: see calcined adj. white magnesia: see white adj. and n. In the names of chemical compounds such as sulphate of magnesia (i.e. magnesium sulphate), the word is functionally equivalent to magnesium, its use in this context predating the purification of the element and presuming the use of magnesium oxide as a reagent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > mineral-based
Rochelle salt1593
white magnesia1650
magnesia1755
magnesia alba1756
Seidlitz water1784
Seidlitz powder1815
Rochelle powder1820
saline1875
liquid paraffin1884
Eno1889
parolein1892
liver salt1895
liquid petrolatum1905
Kruschen salts1925
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for indigestion > mineral-derived
magnesia1755
natron1803
Milk of Magnesia1880
Eno1889
bicarb1922
Maalox1951
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > magnesium > [noun] > compounds
magnesia1755
magnesium oxide1866
1755 J. Black Exper. Magnesia Alba (1893) 7 I have had no opportunity of seeing Hoffman's first magnesia.
1755 J. Black Exper. Magnesia Alba (1893) 8 Those who would prepare a magnesia from Epsom salt may use the following process.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 240 It exists in a state of combination, in lime-stone, common magnesia, alkalis, &c.
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 87 Epsom salts, or sulphat of magnesia.
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 206 Magnesia has long been a celebrated remedy for these [stomach] complaints.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto X lxxiii. 89 Those sodas and magnesias, Which form that bitter draught, the human species.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 80 The metal combines with the oxygen of the air to form oxide of magnesium or magnesia.
1937 Nature 20 Nov. 887/2 ‘Pyrotenax’ cable has a copper conductor, magnesia insulation, and copper sheath.
1963 A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding (ed. 5) i. 4 Temperature cones (Seger cones) are..made of a mixture of china clay, lime, quartz, iron oxide, magnesia, and boric acid.
1967 M. Chandler Ceramics in Mod. World v. 148 The refractoriness of all such compositions depends essentially on the high melting point of magnesia.
1982 B. MacLaverty Time to Dance (1985) 149 She moved to the kitchen and took her magnesia.

Compounds

magnesia alba n. [ < post-classical Latin magnesia alba (M. B. Valentini Relatio de Magnesia Alba (1707), or earlier) < magnesia magnesia n. + classical Latin alba, feminine of albus white: see further the etymological note above] = sense 3(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > mineral-based
Rochelle salt1593
white magnesia1650
magnesia1755
magnesia alba1756
Seidlitz water1784
Seidlitz powder1815
Rochelle powder1820
saline1875
liquid paraffin1884
Eno1889
parolein1892
liver salt1895
liquid petrolatum1905
Kruschen salts1925
1756 J. Black in Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) II. 157 (title) Experiments upon magnesia alba, quicklime, and some other alcaline substances.
1756 J. Black in Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) II. 157 Hoffmann, in one of his observations, gives the history of a powder called magnesia alba, which had been long used..as a mild and tasteless purgative.
1764 S. Glass tr. G. M. Lancisi in Ess. Magnesia Alba 6 Many useful medicines..have..been prepared from Nitre; but none more elegant or useful than that which has appeared in our time under the name of Magnesia Alba.
1850 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 3) 213 Hydrodolomite..has the composition of the magnesia alba of the shops.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxii. 593 When sodium carbonate is added to a magnesium salt solution, the precipitate formed is a basic carbonate, of composition somewhat variable, according to conditions. It is used commercially, under the name of ‘magnesia alba’, as a cosmetic, tooth powder, silver polish, and for making the covering for steam pipes and boilers.
1946 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VII. 447/1 The commercial preparation known as magnesia alba is a hydrated basic carbonate of slightly varying composition.
2004 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 37 390 The surgeon David MacBride built on Black's magnesia alba experiments.
magnesia cement n. a cement made of hydrated magnesium oxychloride, used mainly for floors; also called Sorel('s) cement.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun]
limec725
mortara1300
cementc1300
simmona1450
magnetine1890
magnesia cement1909
1869 Chem. News 28 May 263/2 I have been trying the magnesian cement—an oxychloride of magnesium—discovered by M. Sorel, of Paris.]
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Sorel's magnesia cement.
1971 Materials & Technol. II. 107 Magnesium oxychloride cement, also known as magnesia cement and Sorel cement, is not a product which is commercially available in the prepared form.
1998 Mining Rev. (Nexis) Dec. 109 The total world magnesia market was of the order of 8 Mt in 1997... 1.7 Mt (21%) was consumed as a chemically reactive magnesia..in a wide range of applications including agriculture.., construction (magnesia cements and fireproof boards [etc.]).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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