magistraten.

Brit.

/ˈmadʒᵻstreɪt/,

/ˈmadʒᵻstrət/, U.S.

/ˈmædʒəˌstreɪt/

Forms: Middle English–1500s magestrate, Middle English–1500s maiestrat, Middle English–1500s maiestrate, Middle English–1600s magestrat, Middle English–1600s magistrat, Middle English– magistrate, 1500s majestrate; Scottish pre-1700 magestratt, pre-1700 magistratt, pre-1700 maiestrate, pre-1700 maisterat, pre-1700 maistrat, pre-1700 majeistrat, pre-1700 majeistrate, pre-1700 majestrat, pre-1700 majestrate, pre-1700 1700s– magistrate, 1800s magistreet.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin magistrātus.

Etymology: < classical Latin magistrātus, originally a magisterial rank or office, a magistracy (in post-classical Latin also magisterial dignity or power), hence a person holding such an office < magistr- , magister master n.¹ + -ātus -ate suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French magistrat in senses corresponding to 2 (c1354), 1a (1538), and, although with different precise denotation, 1b (1549).

a. A civil officer charged with the administration of the law, a member of the executive government.chief, first magistrate: see the first element.In this general sense the magistrate may be the sovereign or any subordinate officer with executive power within the state. However the term came increasingly to be applied to local justices, at first in the English boroughs and later in the countryside as well, and some of the examples below may more properly be assigned to sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun]

justicea1225

magistratec1384

Justice of the Peace1423

justiciary1548

justicer1550

justiciar?1550

law-keeper1644

law-officer (of the Crown)1781

worshipful1807

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun]

magistratec1384

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiii. 13 The magestratis [v.rr. maiestratis, maystres; L. magistratibus] of the peple clepid to gidere, Pilat seide to hem.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 255 The peple of Rome, not suffrenge..the sedicion of þe magistrates, ordeynede x. men to write þe lawes.

1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Diii^v Woulde god the maiestrates woulde se men set a worke.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 101 A discreet Magistrate ought not to..alter his manners in respect of his dignitie.

1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 53 The commons peace the Magistrats preserue.

1602 S. Patrick tr. I. Gentillet Disc. Wel Governing 26 The Paynim Lawyer may serve for a goodly example to condemne many Magistrate Lawyers of our time.

1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 160 Custome is the principal Magistrate of mans life.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther i. 27 Suppose the Magistrate revenge her cause, 'Tis onely for transgressing humane laws.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. liv. 175 The king was too eminent a magistrate to be trusted with discretionary power.

1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 372 The Coroner himself is an elected Magistrate.

1958 L. Durrell Mountolive ii. 43 Today, with British rule, the Copt is debarred from holding the position of Governor or even of Mamur—the administrative magistrate of a province.

b. Law. A civil officer exercising local judicial power; a justice of the peace, †a judge (obsolete); a person presiding over a magistrate's court (see Compounds), or having similar powers of summary jurisdiction; a salaried official carrying out such duties (frequently with distinguishing word, as police, resident, stipendiary magistrate: see the first element). In plural also: the provost and councillors of a Scottish burgh, as forming a court for police jurisdiction and the granting of licences.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate

Justice of the Peace1423

justice1509

conservator of the peacea1513

Warden of the Peace1543

Guardian of the Peace1581

mittimus1630

magistrate1727

J.P.1732

beak1799

county commissioner1809

bubble and squeak1935

1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. (rev. ed.) ii. sig. Aiiij The magistrate pronounced that the purse found was not the plaintifes.

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Officiaris non faciendis vel amovendo, Is a Writ directed to the Magistrates of a Corporation, willing them not to make such a Man an Officer.

a1688 in G. Dallas Syst. Stiles (1697) 12 The said M. R... and the remanent Magistrats of the said Burgh..The said R. M. Bailie of the said Burgh, and the Provost and remanent Bailies of the same.

1727 in Quincy Hist. Harvard (1840) I. 567 The signification of magistrate in England, and even now in New England, extends to every one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace; but in the time when the act above~said was made [1642],..the known signification extended only to those who were Assistants to the Governor in Council.

1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. ii. 13 The worthy Magistrate submitted to hear his Defence.

1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxiii. 237 This fellow would make two of the gauger, and leave enough over to fashion a magistrate's clerk.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out xix. 303 I'm certain that if people like ourselves were to take things in hand instead of leaving it to policemen and magistrates, we could put a stop to—prostitution..in six months.

1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Apr. 244/4 She is a magistrate herself, and a social worker, apparently gifted with a lawyer's appreciation of the one function and a caseworker's knowledge of the other.

1985 R. C. A. White Admin. of Justice ii. 13 There are two types of magistrates: lay magistrates, or justices of the peace (JPs), and stipendiary magistrates.

†2. The office or dignity of magistrate; magistracy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun] > position of

magistrate?a1425

magistery1566

magistrateship1574

magistracy1577

magistrature1672

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. iv. 25 That thow woldest beren the magistrat with Decorat.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 241/2 Magistrate dignyte, magistrat.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 105 Quhen euerie commoune weil, that evir flurished..is conteinet in certane ordours, lawis, and magistrates [L. magistratibus].

3. Scottish slang. In full Glasgow magistrate. A herring.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > herring

herringa700

white herring1469

meat herring1668

mattie1721

trash1749

Glasgow magistrate1833

crown fulls1854

full1854

fat herring1863

matjes herring1939

1833 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 2 Nov. 314/2 My neighbour, thinking it absurd to mince such a matter as a Glasgow Magistrate, handed up a whole one to the chairman.

1890 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang II. 38/1 Magistrate (Scotch slang), a herring.

1895 J. Nicholson Kilwuddie (ed. 4) 119 Ham's unco dear, sae, if ye like, we's hae a ‘magistrate’.

1950 Scots Mag. Dec. 171 Herring were cured there by Walter Gibson, a merchant of Glasgow and Provost of that city in 1688, and it is perhaps because of Provost Gibson that salt herring acquired their nickname of ‘Glasgow Magistrates’.

Compounds

magistrate judge n. U.S. Law a subordinate judicial officer of a district court; spec. (since 1990 as an official title) one who assists a district judge in preparing cases for trial, but who may adjudicate certain civil and criminal trials when both litigant parties agree.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > deputy

assistant1611

magistrate judge1849

1849 T. C. Haliburton Old Judge 309 Judge Beler..He warn't like our supreme judges, regular halter-broke and trained, but a sort of magistrate judge, and in his own country (New York State) belonged to a king of sheep-skin court, as folks nicknamed them.

1992 Judicature Dec. 215/1 Because magistrate judges cannot conduct trials and sentence offenders in felony cases, an increase in felony prosecutions should make litigants more inclined to consent to civil trials before magistrate judges as district judges' time becomes increasingly absorbed by felony cases.

magistrates' court n. a court of two or more magistrates, or a single stipendiary magistrate, in which criminal prosecutions are initiated, and which may sit as a court of summary jurisdiction.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of justices of peace

sessions of the peacec1405

justice court1490

petty sessions1562

magistrates' court1867

1867 T. W. Saunders Pract. in Magistr. Courts (ed. 3) i. 1 The various kinds of magistrates' courts—petty and special sessions—quarter sessions—clerk to the justices.

1952 Act 1 Eliz. II c. 55 §38 Where a person is taken into custody for an offence without a warrant and is retained in custody, he shall be brought before a magistrates' court as soon as practicable.

1965 New Statesman 10 Dec. 920/2 The police courts, reborn as magistrates' courts in 1952, are still police courts not only to those who never frequent them but also to the old lags who frequent them most.

1986 R. K. Narayan Talkative Man 82 Nataraj..met me at the magistrates' court verandah.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	magistrate
释义	magistraten. Brit. /ˈmadʒᵻstreɪt/, /ˈmadʒᵻstrət/, U.S. /ˈmædʒəˌstreɪt/ Forms: Middle English–1500s magestrate, Middle English–1500s maiestrat, Middle English–1500s maiestrate, Middle English–1600s magestrat, Middle English–1600s magistrat, Middle English– magistrate, 1500s majestrate; Scottish pre-1700 magestratt, pre-1700 magistratt, pre-1700 maiestrate, pre-1700 maisterat, pre-1700 maistrat, pre-1700 majeistrat, pre-1700 majeistrate, pre-1700 majestrat, pre-1700 majestrate, pre-1700 1700s– magistrate, 1800s magistreet. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin magistrātus. Etymology: < classical Latin magistrātus, originally a magisterial rank or office, a magistracy (in post-classical Latin also magisterial dignity or power), hence a person holding such an office < magistr- , magister master n.¹ + -ātus -ate suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French magistrat in senses corresponding to 2 (c1354), 1a (1538), and, although with different precise denotation, 1b (1549). 1. a. A civil officer charged with the administration of the law, a member of the executive government.chief, first magistrate: see the first element.In this general sense the magistrate may be the sovereign or any subordinate officer with executive power within the state. However the term came increasingly to be applied to local justices, at first in the English boroughs and later in the countryside as well, and some of the examples below may more properly be assigned to sense 1b. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] justicea1225 magistratec1384 Justice of the Peace1423 justiciary1548 justicer1550 justiciar?1550 law-keeper1644 law-officer (of the Crown)1781 worshipful1807 society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun] magistratec1384 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiii. 13 The magestratis [v.rr. maiestratis, maystres; L. magistratibus] of the peple clepid to gidere, Pilat seide to hem. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 255 The peple of Rome, not suffrenge..the sedicion of þe magistrates, ordeynede x. men to write þe lawes. 1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Diii^v Woulde god the maiestrates woulde se men set a worke. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 101 A discreet Magistrate ought not to..alter his manners in respect of his dignitie. 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 53 The commons peace the Magistrats preserue. 1602 S. Patrick tr. I. Gentillet Disc. Wel Governing 26 The Paynim Lawyer may serve for a goodly example to condemne many Magistrate Lawyers of our time. 1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 160 Custome is the principal Magistrate of mans life. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther i. 27 Suppose the Magistrate revenge her cause, 'Tis onely for transgressing humane laws. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. liv. 175 The king was too eminent a magistrate to be trusted with discretionary power. 1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 372 The Coroner himself is an elected Magistrate. 1958 L. Durrell Mountolive ii. 43 Today, with British rule, the Copt is debarred from holding the position of Governor or even of Mamur—the administrative magistrate of a province. b. Law. A civil officer exercising local judicial power; a justice of the peace, †a judge (obsolete); a person presiding over a magistrate's court (see Compounds), or having similar powers of summary jurisdiction; a salaried official carrying out such duties (frequently with distinguishing word, as police, resident, stipendiary magistrate: see the first element). In plural also: the provost and councillors of a Scottish burgh, as forming a court for police jurisdiction and the granting of licences. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > [noun] > Justice of the peace or district magistrate Justice of the Peace1423 justice1509 conservator of the peacea1513 Warden of the Peace1543 Guardian of the Peace1581 mittimus1630 magistrate1727 J.P.1732 beak1799 county commissioner1809 bubble and squeak1935 1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. (rev. ed.) ii. sig. Aiiij The magistrate pronounced that the purse found was not the plaintifes. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Officiaris non faciendis vel amovendo, Is a Writ directed to the Magistrates of a Corporation, willing them not to make such a Man an Officer. a1688 in G. Dallas Syst. Stiles (1697) 12 The said M. R... and the remanent Magistrats of the said Burgh..The said R. M. Bailie of the said Burgh, and the Provost and remanent Bailies of the same. 1727 in Quincy Hist. Harvard (1840) I. 567 The signification of magistrate in England, and even now in New England, extends to every one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace; but in the time when the act above~said was made [1642],..the known signification extended only to those who were Assistants to the Governor in Council. 1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. ii. 13 The worthy Magistrate submitted to hear his Defence. 1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxiii. 237 This fellow would make two of the gauger, and leave enough over to fashion a magistrate's clerk. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out xix. 303 I'm certain that if people like ourselves were to take things in hand instead of leaving it to policemen and magistrates, we could put a stop to—prostitution..in six months. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Apr. 244/4 She is a magistrate herself, and a social worker, apparently gifted with a lawyer's appreciation of the one function and a caseworker's knowledge of the other. 1985 R. C. A. White Admin. of Justice ii. 13 There are two types of magistrates: lay magistrates, or justices of the peace (JPs), and stipendiary magistrates. †2. The office or dignity of magistrate; magistracy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > [noun] > position of magistrate?a1425 magistery1566 magistrateship1574 magistracy1577 magistrature1672 ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. iv. 25 That thow woldest beren the magistrat with Decorat. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 241/2 Magistrate dignyte, magistrat. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 105 Quhen euerie commoune weil, that evir flurished..is conteinet in certane ordours, lawis, and magistrates [L. magistratibus]. 3. Scottish slang. In full Glasgow magistrate. A herring. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > herring herringa700 white herring1469 meat herring1668 mattie1721 trash1749 Glasgow magistrate1833 crown fulls1854 full1854 fat herring1863 matjes herring1939 1833 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 2 Nov. 314/2 My neighbour, thinking it absurd to mince such a matter as a Glasgow Magistrate, handed up a whole one to the chairman. 1890 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang II. 38/1 Magistrate (Scotch slang), a herring. 1895 J. Nicholson Kilwuddie (ed. 4) 119 Ham's unco dear, sae, if ye like, we's hae a ‘magistrate’. 1950 Scots Mag. Dec. 171 Herring were cured there by Walter Gibson, a merchant of Glasgow and Provost of that city in 1688, and it is perhaps because of Provost Gibson that salt herring acquired their nickname of ‘Glasgow Magistrates’. Compounds magistrate judge n. U.S. Law a subordinate judicial officer of a district court; spec. (since 1990 as an official title) one who assists a district judge in preparing cases for trial, but who may adjudicate certain civil and criminal trials when both litigant parties agree. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [noun] > deputy assistant1611 magistrate judge1849 1849 T. C. Haliburton Old Judge 309 Judge Beler..He warn't like our supreme judges, regular halter-broke and trained, but a sort of magistrate judge, and in his own country (New York State) belonged to a king of sheep-skin court, as folks nicknamed them. 1992 Judicature Dec. 215/1 Because magistrate judges cannot conduct trials and sentence offenders in felony cases, an increase in felony prosecutions should make litigants more inclined to consent to civil trials before magistrate judges as district judges' time becomes increasingly absorbed by felony cases. magistrates' court n. a court of two or more magistrates, or a single stipendiary magistrate, in which criminal prosecutions are initiated, and which may sit as a court of summary jurisdiction. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court of justices of peace sessions of the peacec1405 justice court1490 petty sessions1562 magistrates' court1867 1867 T. W. Saunders Pract. in Magistr. Courts (ed. 3) i. 1 The various kinds of magistrates' courts—petty and special sessions—quarter sessions—clerk to the justices. 1952 Act 1 Eliz. II c. 55 §38 Where a person is taken into custody for an offence without a warrant and is retained in custody, he shall be brought before a magistrates' court as soon as practicable. 1965 New Statesman 10 Dec. 920/2 The police courts, reborn as magistrates' courts in 1952, are still police courts not only to those who never frequent them but also to the old lags who frequent them most. 1986 R. K. Narayan Talkative Man 82 Nataraj..met me at the magistrates' court verandah. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † magistratev. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin magistrāt-, magistrāre. Etymology: < classical Latin magistrāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of magistrāre to rule, govern, to hold a magistracy < magistr- , magister master n.¹ Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. intransitive. To domineer, or behave like a master. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (intransitive)] holec1175 thringc1175 domineer1591 tyrannizea1593 ingrate1600 oppress1611 magistrate1623 tyranny1650 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Magistrate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1384v.1623
随便看	do the —— act do the —— thing do the —— thing by do the … wrong do things by halves do things for do things on the big figure do things to do time do to do to death do to know do to naught do to nought do to reason do to ware do to wit do truth do unright do unto do unto stress do up do very well, thank you do villainy or a villainy do violence to

magistraten.

Compounds

† magistratev.