makeshiftn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmeɪkʃɪft/, U.S.

/ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

Forms: see make v.¹ and shift n.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: to make (a) shift at shift n. 6.

Etymology: < to make (a) shift at shift n. 6 (compare make v.¹ 45).

A. n.

†1. A person who is given to making shifts; a schemer; a shifty person, a rogue. Obsolete.Occasionally as a humorous or suggestive surname.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun]

harlot?c1225

truantc1290

shreward1297

boyc1300

lidderon13..

cokinc1330

pautenerc1330

bribera1387

bricouna1400

losarda1400

rascal?a1400

custronc1400

knapea1450

sloven?a1475

limmerc1485

knavatec1506

smaik?1507

smy?1507

koken?a1513

swinger1513

Cock Lorel?1518

pedlar's French1530

varletc1540

losthope?c1550

makeshift1554

wild rogue1567

miligant1568

rogue1568

crack-halter1573

rascallion1582

schelm1584

scoundrel1589

scaba1592

bezonian1592

slave1592

rampallion1593

Scanderbeg1601

roly-poly1602

canter1608

cantler1611

gue1612

fraudsman1613

Cathayana1616

crack-hempa1616

foiterer1616

tilt1620

picaro1622

picaroon1629

sheepmanc1640

rapscallion1648

scaramouch1677

fripon1691

trickster1711

shake-bag1794

sinner1809

cad1838

badmash1843

scattermouch1892

jazzbo1914

society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > dishonesty > dishonest person

shondc725

makeshift1554

roundabout1605

fraudsman1613

trickster1711

bug1785

fly-by-night1796

twister1834

rigger1859

shyster1877

crook1879

heel1914

wide boy1937

1554 H. Hilarie Resurreccion of Masse sig. Aiij^v To Matthew makeshifte and suche others As depely loue bothe dyce and cardes.

1565 J. Hall Hist. Expost. in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. sig. Bbbiij Not long after came thither a makeshifte, with two men wayghting on hym,..bragging that he was a profounde phisicien.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 19^v At night if it shine, out trudgeth hew makeshift, with hooke & w^t line.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 7 The subtill make-shift, is preferred before the silent man.

1602 F. Herring Discov. Stratagems in tr. J. Oberndorf Anatomyes True Physition 23 The Colledge is now become the Common Inne of Make-shifts and Impostors.

1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one ii. sig. C3 [He] whome but last day, hee proclaymde Riotter, Penurious Make-shift, dispised Brothell Maister.

2. That with which one makes shift; a temporary substitute, esp. of an inferior kind, an expedient. Also in extended use, of a person.Quot. 1848 may belong to sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > a substitute > poor or temporary

Jack at a pinch1622

stopgap1691

apology1754

makeshift1822

warming-pan1846

ersatz1875

substitute1878

1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 245/1 The cottage (a sorry antediluvian make-shift of a building).

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. V. ix. v. iii. 408 Jurisprudential law is the miserable makeshift of inexperienced ages.

1848 N.Y. Mirror 5 June Already that city [sc. Philadelphia] is filled with wire-pullers,..and the whole brood of political make-shifts.

1849 W. Irving Oliver Goldsmith (rev. ed.) xii. 139 Goldsmith continued to consider literature a mere make-shift.

1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. i. 25 They hated patchwork and makeshifts.

1899 S. Baring-Gould Bk. of West I. xiii. 230 The Maypole is a makeshift for an actual tree.

1912 A. M. N. Lyons Clara xv. 162 Look at all the Gawdelpuses ya see on the trams—cow-spirited, cocoa-faced makeshifts.

1920 H. Crane Let. 22 Dec. (1965) 50 I..hope that I have not been relinquished as one of Akron's temporary ‘make~shifts’ or ‘reliefs’.

1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) ix. 162 Dr. Thiouville..completed his studies under the De Gaulle régime and the first few Middle-of-the-Road makeshifts.

1984 A. West H. G. Wells (1985) ii. 32 She told him that Quinbury wouldn't do, even as a temporary makeshift.

3. The action of making shift; improvisation; the state of being a temporary substitute, expediency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > making shift

rubbing shift1675

makeshift1870

1870 Daily News 27 Oct. 5/5 There is..so much clever makeshift to be accomplished that [etc.].

1943 D. Welch Maiden Voy. xviii. 146 They [sc. university buildings] had the air of poverty and makeshift which hangs round expensive private schools in England.

1988 M. Atwood Cat's Eye (1989) viii. 42 I like this studio... There's the right amount of makeshift and dinginess for me.

B. adj. (chiefly attributive).

†1. Of persons: shifty, roguish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > sneakiness > sneaky person > [adjective]

sneaking1582

makeshift1592

glibbery1601

meeching1616

sneaky1834

society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [adjective] > dishonest

manOE

unjustc1400

bribing1530

unhonest1545

makeshift1592

sinistrous1600

horse-fair1606

under-honest1609

dishonest1611

one-eyed1833

shystering1860

cross1882

crook1911

bent1914

fly-by-night1914

crookish1927

shyster1943

shonky1970

1592 R. Greene (title) Groatsworth of Witte: bovght with a million of Repentance: Describing the Folly of Youth, the falshood of Make-shift Flatterers.

a. Of the nature of a makeshift; serving as a temporary substitute, esp. of an inferior kind; improvised; formed haphazardly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > inferior substitute

makeshift1683

makeshifty1858

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > poor or temporary

stopgapa1681

makeshift1683

makeshifty1858

quick-and-dirty1939

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 37 A make-shift slovenly contrivance.

1766 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances III. 44 I readily grant, that these make-shift Pleasures fall short..of mutual Delight.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. v. 68 After our make-shift dinner..I will treat you with a couple of bottles.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. iii. 44 With..everything make-shift about us,..what was the use of my being anything?

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage cxviii. 627 There were a lot of children about, and a good many babies, some in makeshift cradles, some tucked up in a rug.

1958 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples IV. x. ii. 27 A makeshift administration composed of his followers, his Whig allies, and a group of Tories struggled ineptly with the situation.

1978 H. Carpenter Inklings (1981) iii. i. 113 Temporary offices premises had been found..and things were very makeshift there.

1994 H. Holland Born in Soweto 4 Today's Sowetans who are lucky enough to live in houses rather than in makeshift shacks.

b. Characterized by makeshifts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [adjective] > makeshift

extemporal1626

extemporary1631

extempore1694

extemporaneous1725

impromptu1764

makeshift1824

makeshifty1858

spot-made1894

make-do1923

roll-your-own1942

Band-Aid1970

1824 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 482/2 Your honest aims at grandeur, your makeshift efforts of magnificence.

1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xvi. 198 How will Margaret bear our makeshift poverty after the thorough comfort and luxury in Harley Street.

1887 J. J. Hissey Holiday on Road 333 Patched and repaired in a happy makeshift way.

1910 E. M. Forster Howards End vi. 45 But it struck that shallow makeshift note that is so often heard in the modern dwelling-place. It had been too easily gained, and could be relinquished too easily.

1983 P. Ackroyd Last Test. Oscar Wilde 17 He understood the makeshift, painted pageant of the world.

Derivatives

ˈmakeshiftiness n. rare the state of being makeshifty.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > making shift > that with which one makes shift > condition of being or using

makeshiftiness1886

makeshiftness1892

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. viii. 267 Partly through laziness and make-shiftiness..I never opened the midmost blank wall, though it considerably fretted me.

ˈmakeshiftness n. rare the condition of being a makeshift.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > making shift > that with which one makes shift > condition of being or using

makeshiftiness1886

makeshiftness1892

1892 Black & White 12 Mar. 346/1 He hated..the make-shiftness of poverty.

ˈmakeshifty adj. rare of the nature of a makeshift, characterized by makeshift.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > inferior substitute

makeshift1683

makeshifty1858

the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > poor or temporary

stopgapa1681

makeshift1683

makeshifty1858

quick-and-dirty1939

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [adjective] > makeshift

extemporal1626

extemporary1631

extempore1694

extemporaneous1725

impromptu1764

makeshift1824

makeshifty1858

spot-made1894

make-do1923

roll-your-own1942

Band-Aid1970

1858 Lady Canning in A. J. C. Hare Story Two Noble Lives (1893) II. 422 The hospitals at Allahabad are rather make-shifty.

1866 Q. Rev. July 224 The make-shifty and hap-hazard looseness with which some 800,000 black semi-barbarians were..admitted to the full civil rights of English citizens.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	makeshift
释义	makeshiftn.adj. Brit. /ˈmeɪkʃɪft/, U.S. /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/ Forms: see make v.¹ and shift n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: to make (a) shift at shift n. 6. Etymology: < to make (a) shift at shift n. 6 (compare make v.¹ 45). A. n. †1. A person who is given to making shifts; a schemer; a shifty person, a rogue. Obsolete.Occasionally as a humorous or suggestive surname. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] harlot?c1225 truantc1290 shreward1297 boyc1300 lidderon13.. cokinc1330 pautenerc1330 bribera1387 bricouna1400 losarda1400 rascal?a1400 custronc1400 knapea1450 sloven?a1475 limmerc1485 knavatec1506 smaik?1507 smy?1507 koken?a1513 swinger1513 Cock Lorel?1518 pedlar's French1530 varletc1540 losthope?c1550 makeshift1554 wild rogue1567 miligant1568 rogue1568 crack-halter1573 rascallion1582 schelm1584 scoundrel1589 scaba1592 bezonian1592 slave1592 rampallion1593 Scanderbeg1601 roly-poly1602 canter1608 cantler1611 gue1612 fraudsman1613 Cathayana1616 crack-hempa1616 foiterer1616 tilt1620 picaro1622 picaroon1629 sheepmanc1640 rapscallion1648 scaramouch1677 fripon1691 trickster1711 shake-bag1794 sinner1809 cad1838 badmash1843 scattermouch1892 jazzbo1914 society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [noun] > dishonesty > dishonest person shondc725 makeshift1554 roundabout1605 fraudsman1613 trickster1711 bug1785 fly-by-night1796 twister1834 rigger1859 shyster1877 crook1879 heel1914 wide boy1937 1554 H. Hilarie Resurreccion of Masse sig. Aiij^v To Matthew makeshifte and suche others As depely loue bothe dyce and cardes. 1565 J. Hall Hist. Expost. in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. sig. Bbbiij Not long after came thither a makeshifte, with two men wayghting on hym,..bragging that he was a profounde phisicien. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 19^v At night if it shine, out trudgeth hew makeshift, with hooke & w^t line. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres i. 7 The subtill make-shift, is preferred before the silent man. 1602 F. Herring Discov. Stratagems in tr. J. Oberndorf Anatomyes True Physition 23 The Colledge is now become the Common Inne of Make-shifts and Impostors. 1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one ii. sig. C3 [He] whome but last day, hee proclaymde Riotter, Penurious Make-shift, dispised Brothell Maister. 2. That with which one makes shift; a temporary substitute, esp. of an inferior kind, an expedient. Also in extended use, of a person.Quot. 1848 may belong to sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > a substitute > poor or temporary Jack at a pinch1622 stopgap1691 apology1754 makeshift1822 warming-pan1846 ersatz1875 substitute1878 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Sept. 245/1 The cottage (a sorry antediluvian make-shift of a building). 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. V. ix. v. iii. 408 Jurisprudential law is the miserable makeshift of inexperienced ages. 1848 N.Y. Mirror 5 June Already that city [sc. Philadelphia] is filled with wire-pullers,..and the whole brood of political make-shifts. 1849 W. Irving Oliver Goldsmith (rev. ed.) xii. 139 Goldsmith continued to consider literature a mere make-shift. 1867 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 I. i. 25 They hated patchwork and makeshifts. 1899 S. Baring-Gould Bk. of West I. xiii. 230 The Maypole is a makeshift for an actual tree. 1912 A. M. N. Lyons Clara xv. 162 Look at all the Gawdelpuses ya see on the trams—cow-spirited, cocoa-faced makeshifts. 1920 H. Crane Let. 22 Dec. (1965) 50 I..hope that I have not been relinquished as one of Akron's temporary ‘make~shifts’ or ‘reliefs’. 1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) ix. 162 Dr. Thiouville..completed his studies under the De Gaulle régime and the first few Middle-of-the-Road makeshifts. 1984 A. West H. G. Wells (1985) ii. 32 She told him that Quinbury wouldn't do, even as a temporary makeshift. 3. The action of making shift; improvisation; the state of being a temporary substitute, expediency. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > making shift rubbing shift1675 makeshift1870 1870 Daily News 27 Oct. 5/5 There is..so much clever makeshift to be accomplished that [etc.]. 1943 D. Welch Maiden Voy. xviii. 146 They [sc. university buildings] had the air of poverty and makeshift which hangs round expensive private schools in England. 1988 M. Atwood Cat's Eye (1989) viii. 42 I like this studio... There's the right amount of makeshift and dinginess for me. B. adj. (chiefly attributive). †1. Of persons: shifty, roguish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > sneakiness > sneaky person > [adjective] sneaking1582 makeshift1592 glibbery1601 meeching1616 sneaky1834 society > morality > moral evil > lack of principle or integrity > [adjective] > dishonest manOE unjustc1400 bribing1530 unhonest1545 makeshift1592 sinistrous1600 horse-fair1606 under-honest1609 dishonest1611 one-eyed1833 shystering1860 cross1882 crook1911 bent1914 fly-by-night1914 crookish1927 shyster1943 shonky1970 1592 R. Greene (title) Groatsworth of Witte: bovght with a million of Repentance: Describing the Folly of Youth, the falshood of Make-shift Flatterers. 2. a. Of the nature of a makeshift; serving as a temporary substitute, esp. of an inferior kind; improvised; formed haphazardly. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > inferior substitute makeshift1683 makeshifty1858 the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > poor or temporary stopgapa1681 makeshift1683 makeshifty1858 quick-and-dirty1939 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 37 A make-shift slovenly contrivance. 1766 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances III. 44 I readily grant, that these make-shift Pleasures fall short..of mutual Delight. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. v. 68 After our make-shift dinner..I will treat you with a couple of bottles. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. iii. 44 With..everything make-shift about us,..what was the use of my being anything? 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage cxviii. 627 There were a lot of children about, and a good many babies, some in makeshift cradles, some tucked up in a rug. 1958 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples IV. x. ii. 27 A makeshift administration composed of his followers, his Whig allies, and a group of Tories struggled ineptly with the situation. 1978 H. Carpenter Inklings (1981) iii. i. 113 Temporary offices premises had been found..and things were very makeshift there. 1994 H. Holland Born in Soweto 4 Today's Sowetans who are lucky enough to live in houses rather than in makeshift shacks. b. Characterized by makeshifts. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [adjective] > makeshift extemporal1626 extemporary1631 extempore1694 extemporaneous1725 impromptu1764 makeshift1824 makeshifty1858 spot-made1894 make-do1923 roll-your-own1942 Band-Aid1970 1824 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 482/2 Your honest aims at grandeur, your makeshift efforts of magnificence. 1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xvi. 198 How will Margaret bear our makeshift poverty after the thorough comfort and luxury in Harley Street. 1887 J. J. Hissey Holiday on Road 333 Patched and repaired in a happy makeshift way. 1910 E. M. Forster Howards End vi. 45 But it struck that shallow makeshift note that is so often heard in the modern dwelling-place. It had been too easily gained, and could be relinquished too easily. 1983 P. Ackroyd Last Test. Oscar Wilde 17 He understood the makeshift, painted pageant of the world. Derivatives ˈmakeshiftiness n. rare the state of being makeshifty. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > making shift > that with which one makes shift > condition of being or using makeshiftiness1886 makeshiftness1892 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. viii. 267 Partly through laziness and make-shiftiness..I never opened the midmost blank wall, though it considerably fretted me. ˈmakeshiftness n. rare the condition of being a makeshift. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [noun] > making shift > that with which one makes shift > condition of being or using makeshiftiness1886 makeshiftness1892 1892 Black & White 12 Mar. 346/1 He hated..the make-shiftness of poverty. ˈmakeshifty adj. rare of the nature of a makeshift, characterized by makeshift. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > [adjective] > inferior substitute makeshift1683 makeshifty1858 the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > poor or temporary stopgapa1681 makeshift1683 makeshifty1858 quick-and-dirty1939 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > recourse > [adjective] > makeshift extemporal1626 extemporary1631 extempore1694 extemporaneous1725 impromptu1764 makeshift1824 makeshifty1858 spot-made1894 make-do1923 roll-your-own1942 Band-Aid1970 1858 Lady Canning in A. J. C. Hare Story Two Noble Lives (1893) II. 422 The hospitals at Allahabad are rather make-shifty. 1866 Q. Rev. July 224 The make-shifty and hap-hazard looseness with which some 800,000 black semi-barbarians were..admitted to the full civil rights of English citizens. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1554
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