mafian.

Brit.

/ˈmafɪə/,

/ˈmɑːfɪə/, U.S.

/ˈmɑfiə/

Forms: 1800s– maffia, 1800s– mafia.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian mafia, maffia.

Etymology: < Italian mafia (1865; also †maffia), probably back-formation < mafiuso , Italian regional (Sicily) mafiusu (see mafioso n.). Compare French maffia (1866), mafia (1874). N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (mafī·a) /maˈfiːa/; stress on the first syllable (as in Italian) is recorded in Webster from 1911 (the earliest ed. in which the word appears) and in many dictionaries of British English from at least 1930.

a. Usually as the Mafia. An organized secret society of criminals, thought to have originated in Sicily but now operating internationally, esp. in the United States.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > other secret societies

camorra1865

the Mafia1866

Unione Siciliana1906

Black Hand1912

leopard society1915

Broederbond1935

Union Corse1963

'ndrangheta1978

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > criminal gang > specific

camorra1865

the Mafia1866

Unione Siciliana1906

Cosa Nostra1963

Union Corse1963

Yamaguchi-gumi1964

posse1986

amalaita2016

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > hostility to law in Sicily

the Mafia1902

1866 Times 11 Oct. 8/4 Indeed, the Maffia, a secret society is said to include among its members many persons of an elevated class.

1875 Times 9 June 5/4 The malevolent influence and oppression of the Mafia and the Mafiosi.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 163/1 [article New Orleans] He had been active in proceedings against certain Italians accused of crime, and it was popularly believed that his death was the work of a maffia, or sworn secret society.

1924 A. Christie Poirot Investigates iii. 92 Suddenly they learn that one of these secret societies, the Mafia, or the Camorra..is on their track.

1967 Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) 29 Their Mafia-conscious compatriots south of the border.

1989 Blitz Feb. 47 It is possible that Europe may soon have to deal with a new crime syndicate that is more organised, more secret and more brutal than the Mafia.

b. A secret society or organized crime syndicate resembling the Mafia but operating or originating in a country other than Italy. Usually with modifying adjective indicating the country of origin.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun]

club1682

secret society1829

mafia1891

1891 Chicago Tribune 9 Dec. 9/6 (heading) Chinese mafias in California. An organization of assassins that the law is powerless to suppress.

1903 World-Herald (Omaha, Nebraska) 18 May 4/2 The Russian Government is excusing itself for these brutalities by claiming they were instigated by some secret society—some Russian Mafia—and not by the agents of the Government itself.

1969 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 16 Mar. 10 A new and frightening power is suddenly emerging in the Sydney underworld. It is called by those who know about it ‘The Malts’. Police fear it is taking the form of a Maltese ‘Mafia’.

1997 Bizarre Mar. 68/1 The Yakuzas, Japan's tattooed Mafia, are so dedicated to their secret society that they'll willingly have a finger chopped off as a sign of obedience.

2. Any group regarded as exerting a secret and often sinister influence.

ΚΠ

1948 Oxf. Junior Encycl. I. 135/2 Through a secret society called the Mafia, they [sc. the Czechs and Slovaks] gave help to the Allies against the Austrians and Germans.

1958 N. Johnson Let. 20 Aug. (1981) 173 While he and his Mafia were here, having lunch in the executive dining room was a little like Russian roulette.

1967 Listener 20 Apr. 529/2 He [sc. J. F. Kennedy] was constantly personalizing the office he held, filling the White House with his ‘Irish mafia’,..extending the influence of the Kennedy court to cover the whole range of American cultural and intellectual activity.

1970 New Yorker 3 Jan. 44 The composers' Mafia, with its dedication to atonality and the production of new noises, holds no terrors for him.

1984 Austral. Financial Rev. 9 Nov. 49/1 Anders breezed into the Sydney and Melbourne food mafia (‘and of course it's a mafia, why bother denying it?’).

1999 N.Y. Times 26 May f1 [He] has also introduced Mr. Brasset to other members of what Mr. Jamais called ‘the French mafia connection’.

Derivatives

ˈMafiaˌism n. the doctrines or practices of the Mafia.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > other secret societies > principles of other secret societies

Ribandism1820

Ribbonism1820

omertà1864

Mafiaism1927

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > criminal gang > practices of

gangsterism1920

Mafiaism1927

1927 Daily Tel. 22 Nov. 7 Thuggism meant an end to human life; Mafiaism poisoned every department of it.

ˈMafiaˌist n. = mafioso n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > other secret societies > member of

Ribbonman1813

Ribandman1817

ribandist1824

apostle1829

Molly Maguire1844

Molly Maguireite1853

Camorrist1863

mafioso1875

Black Hander1905

Molly1917

leopard-man1929

Mafiaist1948

mafiosa1965

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > gangster > specific

liberal1638

liberty boy1733

gang leader1775

Camorrist1863

mafioso1875

gangster1900

amalaita1908

dada1917

paesanoa1930

skolly1934

Mafiaist1948

oyabun1948

yakuza1964

mafiosa1965

goombah1968

rascal1978

yardie1986

new jack1988

lynch man2004

1948 E. L. Irey Tax Dodgers (1949) vii. 145 His gunmen shot the Mafiaists out of the top rung of the underworld.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mafia
释义	mafian. Brit. /ˈmafɪə/, /ˈmɑːfɪə/, U.S. /ˈmɑfiə/ Forms: 1800s– maffia, 1800s– mafia. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Italian mafia, maffia. Etymology: < Italian mafia (1865; also †maffia), probably back-formation < mafiuso , Italian regional (Sicily) mafiusu (see mafioso n.). Compare French maffia (1866), mafia (1874). N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (mafī·a) /maˈfiːa/; stress on the first syllable (as in Italian) is recorded in Webster from 1911 (the earliest ed. in which the word appears) and in many dictionaries of British English from at least 1930. 1. a. Usually as the Mafia. An organized secret society of criminals, thought to have originated in Sicily but now operating internationally, esp. in the United States. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > other secret societies camorra1865 the Mafia1866 Unione Siciliana1906 Black Hand1912 leopard society1915 Broederbond1935 Union Corse1963 'ndrangheta1978 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > criminal gang > specific camorra1865 the Mafia1866 Unione Siciliana1906 Cosa Nostra1963 Union Corse1963 Yamaguchi-gumi1964 posse1986 amalaita2016 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > hostility to law in Sicily the Mafia1902 1866 Times 11 Oct. 8/4 Indeed, the Maffia, a secret society is said to include among its members many persons of an elevated class. 1875 Times 9 June 5/4 The malevolent influence and oppression of the Mafia and the Mafiosi. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 163/1 [article New Orleans] He had been active in proceedings against certain Italians accused of crime, and it was popularly believed that his death was the work of a maffia, or sworn secret society. 1924 A. Christie Poirot Investigates iii. 92 Suddenly they learn that one of these secret societies, the Mafia, or the Camorra..is on their track. 1967 Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) 29 Their Mafia-conscious compatriots south of the border. 1989 Blitz Feb. 47 It is possible that Europe may soon have to deal with a new crime syndicate that is more organised, more secret and more brutal than the Mafia. b. A secret society or organized crime syndicate resembling the Mafia but operating or originating in a country other than Italy. Usually with modifying adjective indicating the country of origin. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] club1682 secret society1829 mafia1891 1891 Chicago Tribune 9 Dec. 9/6 (heading) Chinese mafias in California. An organization of assassins that the law is powerless to suppress. 1903 World-Herald (Omaha, Nebraska) 18 May 4/2 The Russian Government is excusing itself for these brutalities by claiming they were instigated by some secret society—some Russian Mafia—and not by the agents of the Government itself. 1969 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 16 Mar. 10 A new and frightening power is suddenly emerging in the Sydney underworld. It is called by those who know about it ‘The Malts’. Police fear it is taking the form of a Maltese ‘Mafia’. 1997 Bizarre Mar. 68/1 The Yakuzas, Japan's tattooed Mafia, are so dedicated to their secret society that they'll willingly have a finger chopped off as a sign of obedience. 2. Any group regarded as exerting a secret and often sinister influence. ΚΠ 1948 Oxf. Junior Encycl. I. 135/2 Through a secret society called the Mafia, they [sc. the Czechs and Slovaks] gave help to the Allies against the Austrians and Germans. 1958 N. Johnson Let. 20 Aug. (1981) 173 While he and his Mafia were here, having lunch in the executive dining room was a little like Russian roulette. 1967 Listener 20 Apr. 529/2 He [sc. J. F. Kennedy] was constantly personalizing the office he held, filling the White House with his ‘Irish mafia’,..extending the influence of the Kennedy court to cover the whole range of American cultural and intellectual activity. 1970 New Yorker 3 Jan. 44 The composers' Mafia, with its dedication to atonality and the production of new noises, holds no terrors for him. 1984 Austral. Financial Rev. 9 Nov. 49/1 Anders breezed into the Sydney and Melbourne food mafia (‘and of course it's a mafia, why bother denying it?’). 1999 N.Y. Times 26 May f1 [He] has also introduced Mr. Brasset to other members of what Mr. Jamais called ‘the French mafia connection’. Derivatives ˈMafiaˌism n. the doctrines or practices of the Mafia. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > other secret societies > principles of other secret societies Ribandism1820 Ribbonism1820 omertà1864 Mafiaism1927 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > criminal gang > practices of gangsterism1920 Mafiaism1927 1927 Daily Tel. 22 Nov. 7 Thuggism meant an end to human life; Mafiaism poisoned every department of it. ˈMafiaˌist n. = mafioso n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > other secret societies > member of Ribbonman1813 Ribandman1817 ribandist1824 apostle1829 Molly Maguire1844 Molly Maguireite1853 Camorrist1863 mafioso1875 Black Hander1905 Molly1917 leopard-man1929 Mafiaist1948 mafiosa1965 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > gangster > specific liberal1638 liberty boy1733 gang leader1775 Camorrist1863 mafioso1875 gangster1900 amalaita1908 dada1917 paesanoa1930 skolly1934 Mafiaist1948 oyabun1948 yakuza1964 mafiosa1965 goombah1968 rascal1978 yardie1986 new jack1988 lynch man2004 1948 E. L. Irey Tax Dodgers (1949) vii. 145 His gunmen shot the Mafiaists out of the top rung of the underworld. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1866
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