maelstromn.

Brit.

/ˈmeɪlstrəm/,

/ˈmeɪlstrɒm/, U.S.

/ˈmeɪlˌstrɑm/,

/ˈmeɪlztrəm/

Forms:

α. 1500s maelstreame, 1600s male stream, 1600s mealstreame.

β. 1700s malestrom, 1700s– maelstrom, 1800s maelström, 1800s mahlstrom.

Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch maelstrom.

Etymology: < early modern Dutch †maelstrom (now maalstroom ) whirlpool < malen to grind, to whirl round (compare meal n.¹) + stroom stream n.The α. forms show assimilation of the second element to stream n. In form mahlstrom after German Mahlstrom. The use of maelstrom as a proper name (also in French) seems to come from Dutch maps, e.g. that in Mercator's Atlas (1595). There is little doubt that the word is native to Dutch (compare synonymous German regional (Low German) Maling ). It is true that it is found in all the modern Scandinavian languages as a common noun, but in them it is purely literary, and likely to have been adopted from Dutch. The earliest known instance of Danish malstrøm occurs (always written malestrøm ) in 1673 in Debes Færoa reserata, the author of which was a pastor in the Faeroes, but the word is not Faroese, the equivalent term in Faroese being íða (cognate with Norwegian (Nynorsk) ide , Old Icelandic iða : see eddy n.). Compare also Malestrand in the following isolated early example (and similarly in Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia following Jenkinson's description), which can only be an error, probably resulting from Jenkinson's confusion of maelstrom with the name Malestrand, now Marstrand, in southern Sweden:1589 A. Jenkinson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations ii. 334 There is between the said Rost Islands, and Lofoote, a whirle poole, called Malestrand, which..maketh such a terrible noise, that it shaketh the rings in the doores of the inhabitants houses of the said Islands, ten miles of.

1. A powerful whirlpool, originally (usually Maelstrom) one in the Arctic Ocean off the west coast of Norway, which was formerly supposed to suck in and destroy all vessels within a wide radius.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > whirlpool > [noun]

swallowa700

weelc897

suckc1220

swallowinga1387

swelthc1400

swirlc1425

gorce1480

vorage1490

whirlpool1530

gourd1538

gulf1538

poolc1540

hurlpool1552

whirlpit1564

sea-gulf1571

maelstrom1588

vorago1654

well1654

gurges1664

gurge1667

swelchiea1688

vortex1704

tourbillion1712

whirly-pool1727

wheel-pit1828

sea-puss1839

turn-hole1851

suck-hole1909

1588 A. Ashley tr. L. J. Wagenaer Mariners Mirror Pref. There are..places, where the waves and flouds, do..engulph them-selves with violence and swiftnesse... The principall..of all, is the Maelstreame,..which lieth on the backside of Norway.

1653 Descr. & Plat Sea-coasts Eng. 37 Under the islands of Fero goe very hard tides..: When you will saile from the one Island to the other, ther are two wels, or Mealstreames, one at the s. end of Suydro, and the other a league wihin Scalhead, at Quaelnes.

1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 271 The Male-stream-well..of Norway..draws water into it during the flood..with such an avarous indraught.

1682 N. Crouch Admirable Curiosities (1684) 229 Between the coast of Cathness and Orkney is a dreadful Frith or Gulf, in the North end of which, by reason of the meeting of 9 contrary Tides or Currents, is a Male Stream or great Whirlpool.

1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 62 A dangerous Current,..as dangerous and as unaccountable as the Norway Whirlpool or Maelstrom.

1755 A. Berthelson tr. E. Pontoppidan Nat. Hist. Norway i. 77 There is another kind of current..in the sea of Norway,..namely the Malestrom, or Moskoestrom [originally 1752 den vidtbkiendte Male-strøm eller Moske-strøm],..near the island Moskoe.

a1844 Poe (title) A descent into the Maelström.

1856 W. E. Aytoun Bothwell (1857) 56 And if a ship should chance to pass within the maelstrom's sweep.

1860 M. E. Braddon Trail Serpent i. i Every gutter in every one of these streets was a little Niagara, with a maelstrom at the corner.

1913 J. Muir Story of my Boyhood i. 17 Such pools, miniature maelstroms, were called ‘sookin-in-goats’ and were well known to most of us.

1966 M. Frayn Russian Interpreter (1978) xxxvii. 180 They seemed like vessels driven round in a maelstrom, spinning and swirling and colliding.

1980 K. Crossley-Holland Norse Myths (1982) xvii. 97 Two whales, hissing and sighing and churning the water into a maelstrom.

2. Any state of turbulence or confusion; a swirling mass of small objects.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun]

winOE

disturbance1297

perturbingc1395

motiona1398

stirrage1513

turmoil1526

disquietness1535

buskling1546

jumbling1562

agitation1569

working1575

tumult1580

commotion1592

emotion1594

turbulence1598

bransle1603

pother1603

tumultuousnessa1617

unevennessa1637

unquietudea1639

disquietal1642

tumbling1660

disquietude1709

rouse1764

maelstrom1834

peacelessness1852

stir-up1900

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > whirlpool > [noun] > specific

Charybdis1597

maelstrom1834

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iv. 12/1 Some single billow in that vast world-Mahlstrom of Humour.

1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. iv. 69 An accumulated mass, in one wild maelstrom of affrighted men, struggling in frantic eddies.

1883 Harper's Mag. July 956/1 In the wild and glittering maelstrom of luxury and extravagance.

1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 15/1 Off they go to ‘accept positions’ or find ‘careers’ for themselves, chasing opportunity around the corners in that maelstrom up there.

1949 E. Sitwell Canticle of Rose 223 Not envying the old loves and the old sins, The maelstrom of the blood.

1968 B. England Figures in Landscape 46 They were caught without warning in a rushing maelstrom of dust and swirling air and a great beating of sound.

1977 P. L. Fermor Time of Gifts (1979) iii. 95 The clouds broke, and the east wind, once again blurring all in a maelstrom of flakes, had practically brought me to a standstill.

1987 C. Thubron Behind Wall i. 7 In Russia, once the surface grimness has been penetrated, you find yourself in a human maelstrom.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	maelstrom
释义	maelstromn. Brit. /ˈmeɪlstrəm/, /ˈmeɪlstrɒm/, U.S. /ˈmeɪlˌstrɑm/, /ˈmeɪlztrəm/ Forms: α. 1500s maelstreame, 1600s male stream, 1600s mealstreame. β. 1700s malestrom, 1700s– maelstrom, 1800s maelström, 1800s mahlstrom. Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch maelstrom. Etymology: < early modern Dutch †maelstrom (now maalstroom ) whirlpool < malen to grind, to whirl round (compare meal n.¹) + stroom stream n.The α. forms show assimilation of the second element to stream n. In form mahlstrom after German Mahlstrom. The use of maelstrom as a proper name (also in French) seems to come from Dutch maps, e.g. that in Mercator's Atlas (1595). There is little doubt that the word is native to Dutch (compare synonymous German regional (Low German) Maling ). It is true that it is found in all the modern Scandinavian languages as a common noun, but in them it is purely literary, and likely to have been adopted from Dutch. The earliest known instance of Danish malstrøm occurs (always written malestrøm ) in 1673 in Debes Færoa reserata, the author of which was a pastor in the Faeroes, but the word is not Faroese, the equivalent term in Faroese being íða (cognate with Norwegian (Nynorsk) ide , Old Icelandic iða : see eddy n.). Compare also Malestrand in the following isolated early example (and similarly in Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia following Jenkinson's description), which can only be an error, probably resulting from Jenkinson's confusion of maelstrom with the name Malestrand, now Marstrand, in southern Sweden:1589 A. Jenkinson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations ii. 334 There is between the said Rost Islands, and Lofoote, a whirle poole, called Malestrand, which..maketh such a terrible noise, that it shaketh the rings in the doores of the inhabitants houses of the said Islands, ten miles of. 1. A powerful whirlpool, originally (usually Maelstrom) one in the Arctic Ocean off the west coast of Norway, which was formerly supposed to suck in and destroy all vessels within a wide radius. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > whirlpool > [noun] swallowa700 weelc897 suckc1220 swallowinga1387 swelthc1400 swirlc1425 gorce1480 vorage1490 whirlpool1530 gourd1538 gulf1538 poolc1540 hurlpool1552 whirlpit1564 sea-gulf1571 maelstrom1588 vorago1654 well1654 gurges1664 gurge1667 swelchiea1688 vortex1704 tourbillion1712 whirly-pool1727 wheel-pit1828 sea-puss1839 turn-hole1851 suck-hole1909 1588 A. Ashley tr. L. J. Wagenaer Mariners Mirror Pref. There are..places, where the waves and flouds, do..engulph them-selves with violence and swiftnesse... The principall..of all, is the Maelstreame,..which lieth on the backside of Norway. 1653 Descr. & Plat Sea-coasts Eng. 37 Under the islands of Fero goe very hard tides..: When you will saile from the one Island to the other, ther are two wels, or Mealstreames, one at the s. end of Suydro, and the other a league wihin Scalhead, at Quaelnes. 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 271 The Male-stream-well..of Norway..draws water into it during the flood..with such an avarous indraught. 1682 N. Crouch Admirable Curiosities (1684) 229 Between the coast of Cathness and Orkney is a dreadful Frith or Gulf, in the North end of which, by reason of the meeting of 9 contrary Tides or Currents, is a Male Stream or great Whirlpool. 1701 C. Wooley Two Years Jrnl. N.-Y. 62 A dangerous Current,..as dangerous and as unaccountable as the Norway Whirlpool or Maelstrom. 1755 A. Berthelson tr. E. Pontoppidan Nat. Hist. Norway i. 77 There is another kind of current..in the sea of Norway,..namely the Malestrom, or Moskoestrom [originally 1752 den vidtbkiendte Male-strøm eller Moske-strøm],..near the island Moskoe. a1844 Poe (title) A descent into the Maelström. 1856 W. E. Aytoun Bothwell (1857) 56 And if a ship should chance to pass within the maelstrom's sweep. 1860 M. E. Braddon Trail Serpent i. i Every gutter in every one of these streets was a little Niagara, with a maelstrom at the corner. 1913 J. Muir Story of my Boyhood i. 17 Such pools, miniature maelstroms, were called ‘sookin-in-goats’ and were well known to most of us. 1966 M. Frayn Russian Interpreter (1978) xxxvii. 180 They seemed like vessels driven round in a maelstrom, spinning and swirling and colliding. 1980 K. Crossley-Holland Norse Myths (1982) xvii. 97 Two whales, hissing and sighing and churning the water into a maelstrom. 2. Any state of turbulence or confusion; a swirling mass of small objects. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] winOE disturbance1297 perturbingc1395 motiona1398 stirrage1513 turmoil1526 disquietness1535 buskling1546 jumbling1562 agitation1569 working1575 tumult1580 commotion1592 emotion1594 turbulence1598 bransle1603 pother1603 tumultuousnessa1617 unevennessa1637 unquietudea1639 disquietal1642 tumbling1660 disquietude1709 rouse1764 maelstrom1834 peacelessness1852 stir-up1900 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > whirlpool > [noun] > specific Charybdis1597 maelstrom1834 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iv. 12/1 Some single billow in that vast world-Mahlstrom of Humour. 1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. iv. 69 An accumulated mass, in one wild maelstrom of affrighted men, struggling in frantic eddies. 1883 Harper's Mag. July 956/1 In the wild and glittering maelstrom of luxury and extravagance. 1921 Amer. Woman Jan. 15/1 Off they go to ‘accept positions’ or find ‘careers’ for themselves, chasing opportunity around the corners in that maelstrom up there. 1949 E. Sitwell Canticle of Rose 223 Not envying the old loves and the old sins, The maelstrom of the blood. 1968 B. England Figures in Landscape 46 They were caught without warning in a rushing maelstrom of dust and swirling air and a great beating of sound. 1977 P. L. Fermor Time of Gifts (1979) iii. 95 The clouds broke, and the east wind, once again blurring all in a maelstrom of flakes, had practically brought me to a standstill. 1987 C. Thubron Behind Wall i. 7 In Russia, once the surface grimness has been penetrated, you find yourself in a human maelstrom. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1588
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