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单词 malachite
释义

malachiten.adj.

Brit. /ˈmaləkʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈmæləˌkaɪt/
Forms:

α. Middle English melochites, Middle English molochites, 1600s–1700s malachites, 1700s molochites.

β. late Middle English melochyte, 1500s molochite, 1500s–1600s melochite, 1600s– malachite, 1700s malachquite.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French melochite; Latin molochītis.
Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman melochite (12th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin molochītis (in post-classical Latin usually molochites , also melochites ) a dense subtranslucent or opaque Arabian stone the colour of the mallow < (according to Pliny) an ancient Greek or Hellenistic Greek compound of μολόχη , variant of μαλάχη mallow (compare malva n.) + -ῖτις -ite suffix1.Pliny's explanation may be a folk etymology (derivation from a toponym, Assyrian Meluhha , of uncertain whereabouts, has been proposed in its stead); nor is it clear that he refers to the stone now called malachite , since he does not mention the highly distinctive banded appearance of this mineral, and the colour most strongly associated with the mallow is purple (see mauve n. and adj.), not green. With the form molochite, compare Middle French molochite (in phrase pierre molochite, 1562). The modern English form, like French malachite (1685), is after ancient Greek μαλάχη.
A. n.
1. A monoclinic basic copper carbonate, Cu2CO3(OH)2, of a deep green colour, usually occurring as banded botryoidal crusts of aggregated fibres, and used ornamentally and as an ore of copper; (also) a specimen or piece of this mineral.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > carbonates > [noun] > malachite
malachitea1398
chrysocoll1590
chrysocolla1600
mountain green1728
green mineral1844
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > [noun] > malachite
malachitea1398
chrysocoll1590
chrysocolla1600
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 202v Melochites is a grene stoon liche to smaragdus..it hath þe name of þe colour of malues.
c1475 Court of Sapience (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) 1037 The stone Memphyte and eke the Melochyte.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 15v The Melochite is a greene Gem, much like to the Smaragde.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xi. 123 b In this place are also found the Sardonique stones, Molochite, and those which are called Iris.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Malachite (malachites), a stone of a dark green colour.
1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 45 Remarkable stones,..as crystal, dragons-blood, malachites, asteria's.
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. i. iv. 45 Colossal vases of malachite presented by Emperors.
1880 ‘Ouida’ Moths II. 92 She sent a malachite cabinet and some grand jade vases.
1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. xv. 812 Two well-defined basic copper carbonates, malachite..and azurite..are known in nature.
1990 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 60 (caption) Chateau Escalier d'Or, set on malachite with a contained geode of amethyst.
2. Ceramics. An object coloured to resemble malachite; (the colour of) the glaze or paste used to create such an object.
ΚΠ
1865 L. Jewitt Wedgwoods xxii. 390 In the ‘malachite’ the beautiful green and darker wavings of the stone are well imitated.
1911 J. F. Blacker 19th Cent. Eng. Cer. Art vi. 135 In what was called ‘malachite’ wonderful veinings and markings in shades of green formed a close imitation of that semi-precious stone.
1974 G. Savage & H. Newman Illustr. Dict. Ceramics 185 Malachite, A dark green colour resembling that of malachite...Parian porcelain was sometimes thus coloured.
B. adj.
(attributive). Resembling malachite in colour or pattern.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > [adjective] > dark green
steel-greena1560
bottle-green1785
corbeau1810
forest-green1810
rifle green1829
spinach-green1845
pine green1892
army green1897
malachite1900
seaweed-green1937
1900 ‘F. Anstey’ Brass Bottle i. 3 Against a background of lapis lazuli and malachite sea.
1991 Do it Yourself (BNC) Sept. 13 A ‘malachite’ finish created by combing a piece of card..across a still wet coat of..varnish.

Compounds

malachite green n. (a) a deep green colour like that of malachite; (b) any of various green dyes, esp. one of the triphenylmethane series prepared from benzaldehyde and N,N-dimethylaniline.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > green colouring matter > [noun] > pigment or dye > dyes and dyestuffs
greening worta1200
greening weeda1399
spinach-green1845
emeraldine1864
methyl green1873
malachite green1875
viridine1875
1875 Proc. Zool. Soc. 356 Emu-eggs..are of a fine malachite green colour.
1880 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 445 The well-known methyl green..is now..replaced by the malachite green, discovered by Oscar Doebner.
1954 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) XI. 692/1 Classical examples of the synthesis are the manufacture of Malachite Green from benzaldehyde and dimethylaniline and of Brilliant Green.
1991 Jrnl. Design Hist. 4 236/2 She recommended a dining suite stained ‘malachite green’.
1992 Pract. Fishkeeping July 112/1 The ‘proactive’ fishkeeper will medicate with malachite green and formalin..to bring down populations of protozoan parasites.
malachite kingfisher n. a small kingfisher, Alcedo cristata, with a turquoise crest, bright blue back, and red bill, found in sub-Saharan Africa.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Coraciiformes (kingfisher, etc.) > [noun] > family Alcedinidae > unspecified and miscellaneous types
kingfisher1611
tody1773
robin1826
kinghunter1837
robin redbreast1847
malachite kingfisher1903
1875 Ibis 5 68 Malachite-crested Kingfisher. This charming little Kingfisher is found invariably frequenting the small streams and ditches close to Durban.]
1903 A. C. Stark Birds S. Afr. III. 82 The Malachite Kingfisher is found throughout the greater part of Africa south of the Sahara.
1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. xxxiv. 300 The beautifully coloured malachite kingfisher (Corythornis cristata)..likes to sit on an over~hanging branch, whence he scrutinizes the water beneath.
1971 Country Life 28 Oct. 1127/2 Tiny malachite kingfishers, brilliant red and blue, sped among the tall rushes.
malachite sunbird n. either of two bright green long-tailed sunbirds of eastern Africa, Nectarinia famosa and N. johnstoni.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > [noun] > family Nectariniidae (sun-bird) > types of
spider-catcher1840
honeysucker1906
malachite sunbird1906
1906 Daily Chron. 10 Feb. 7/7 A great rarity is a Malachite sun bird, a most wonderfully-formed bird with a bill as long as its body and as fine as a piece of wire.
1966 E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo xii. 197 The male malachite sunbirds would be flashing their astonishing green and gold.
1989 Independent 4 Nov. 51/3 Next morning the rare scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird is with us, flitting from one lobelia to another.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.a1398
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