| 释义 |
attachmentn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French attachement ; attach v., -ment suffix. Etymology: Partly (in most senses of branch I.) < Anglo-Norman attachement, atachement, attachiament detention, arrest (of a person) (c1285 or earlier), impounding (of goods or property) (c1285 or earlier), right of impounding (end of the 13th cent. or earlier; 1231 in Old French as atachement in sense ‘sentiment which binds two people to each other’; < attacher , atacher attach v. + -ment -ment suffix), and partly < attach v. + -ment suffix. Compare tachment n.Compare Middle French, French attachement (1573). Compare also post-classical Latin attachiamentum binding of a person to appear in court (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), seizure of goods (13th cent. in a British source), writ of attachment (from 14th cent. in British sources). In writ of attachment n. at sense 2a after Anglo-Norman bref d'attachement (late 13th cent. or earlier). With sense 3 compare post-classical Latin attachiamentum de foresta , attachiamentum in foresta , attachiamentum foreste (13th cent. in British sources). In β. forms after post-classical Latin attachiamentum (see above; compare Anglo-Norman attachiament (a1311 or earlier)). I. Apprehension, seizure (senses corresponding to attach v. I.). 1. Law. An act or the action of seizing and taking a person or thing at the order of a court of law. Also occasionally: the state of having been seized in this way. society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [noun] a1325 (2011) xli. 106 Therfore ne be ileued þat te atachemens [Fr. attachementz] ne ben uersliche isiwede. 1430 in (2007) 1430/2 [A mar of fee] sal schaw nane uthir power in his attachiamentis na in his summondis. 1447–8 in S. A. Moore (1871) 77 Have had used and enjoyed..attachiamentis arestis. 1521 T. Wolsey in H. Ellis (1824) I. 178 The attachement of the late Duke of Bukingham. c1600 in (1754) 301 Attachiament is ane lauchful kind of band, quhairby the defendar is compellit aganis his will to compeir in judgment,..be the partie complenand upon him. 1692 E. Settle 24 The Attacher himself was now under Attachment, and moved not off, till a Reckoning of 6 l. an Angel, and some odd Pence, was discharged. 1720 T. Shadwell iv I'll follow and apprehend him, and his attachment will secure me. 1796 W. Ridgeway I. 220 The Court of King's Bench in England has..asserted the power of attachment for misdemenaours by officers of justice. 1827 H. Hallam I. v. 289 The house had the same power of attachment for contempt. 1875 K. E. Digby vi. 246 To enforce the decrees of the Chancellor by attachment, that is, by arrest and imprisonment for contempt of court. 1909 J. B. Simmons II. 1533/1 A warrant for the attachment of a person for contempt for disobeying an order of court, or of a court commissioner. 1973 R. Berger (1974) viii. 260 At common law lesser judges could be punished by attachment for contempt. 2012 T. B. Courtney (ed. 3) vi. 329 In the case of an order of attachment, an alleged contemnor is brought before the court to answer his contempt. society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure of goods a1450 Forest Laws in W. A. Baillie-Grohman & F. Baillie-Grohman (1904) 241 (MED) Shepe comenyng with in the forest..after thred attachement thei be forfetable to oure lord the kyng. 1603 tr. J. Hotman sig. K7v It is lawfull, by reason of any debt or obligation to enter into the Ambassadors house, and to make an attachment or sale of his Mooueables and Horses. 1672 iv. 12 In all Attachments of Goods and Chattles, Lands, or Heriditaments,..legal notice shall be given to the party concerned. 1798 J. Wentworth VIII. Index p. xxvi The officer of an inferior court who withdrew when the inquisition ought to be taken after attachment of goods for the debt. 1842 N. Whittock et al. 220 In cases of insolvency, the Factor ought immediately to lay ‘attachments’ and advise his employers of it. 1875 H. J. S. Maine ix. 276 It seems probable that Distress was gradually lost in and absorbed by Attachment and Distringas. 1944 C. G. Haines ii. iv. 125 A moratorium act..giving a creditor three years' time to settle his accounts with his creditors and providing for an exemption from arrest or attachment of property during this time. 1995 C. R. B. Dunlop (ed. 2) iv. 77 The early common law had a variety of devices to force the recalcitrant defendant to appear. These varied from the relatively mild attachment of goods..to the more savage remedies of capias ad respondendum (the arrest of the defendant's person) and outlawry. 1834 Rep. Commissioners Admin. Poor Laws 202 in (H.C. 44) XXVII. 1 The expenses..shall be recovered by an attachment of any wages to which the debtor may become entitled. 1870 c.30 §1 No order for the attachment of wages of any servant, labourer, or workman shall be made by the judge of any Court of record or inferior Court. 1912 A. B. Paine III. cxci. 1007 One creditor..had pursued with threatened attachment of earnings and belongings. 1962 P. M. Bromley (ed. 2) xi. 216 If an order or warrant committing the husband to prison is made or issued after an attachment of earnings order has been made, [etc.]. 1984 T. C. Schelling vii. 168 People who cannot post collateral have no ready way to assure their own motivation to repay—attachment of wages has also been liberally made illegal. 2007 T. Green (new ed.) i. 4 After most of his children were believed to have graduated from college..any attachment to his salary could not be enforced. 2. Law. society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs ordering arrest 1431 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1431 §21. m. 7 A writt of attachement is passed by the saide auctorite, ayenst the saide William. 1527 (new ed.) f. cli Yf the shyryf retorn nichill at the somons he shall haue a wryt of attachement and a graund distress. 1593 R. Cosin (rev. ed.) i. xii. 86 Touching the writ of Attachement thereupon. 1653 48 The course of Arresting, by any other Writ of Attachment then is by this Act appointed. 1689 W. Gutheridge (single sheet) James Crosman..procured a Writ of Attachment against the said William Gutheridge. 1737 T. Hayter 34 If the defendant..was imprisoned; I apprehend it must have been by a Writ of Attachment, for not appearing or answering. 1768 W. Blackstone III. xix. 280 The next process is by writ of attachment or pone. 1829 Apr. 505/1 Mr. Irwin moved for a writ of attachment to issue against Pandurang Ramchunder for his contempt. 1870 39 Probate & Matrimonial 40/2 He made the order for a writ of sequestration to issue without any previous writ of attachment. 1915 G. B. Davis (ed. 3) xv. 249 A witness may, by the issue of a writ of attachment, be compelled to appear in court. 1985 C. Portis vii. 80 The deputy was reading, not a writ of attachment, but an FBI sitrep, or situation report. 2009 B. H. Mann (new ed.) i. 18 Litigation..typically began aggressively, even punitively, with the creditor suing out a writ of attachment for the debtor's arrest and imprisonment. society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs ordering arrest ?1448 J. Gresham in (2004) II. 39 Þe attachementes may not be wretyn but by þe recordes of þe reconysance. 1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 128/2 in (new ed.) II If anie one of the parlement house be serued, sued, arrested, or attached by anie writ, attachment, or minister of the Kings bench. 1631 in (1853) I. 89 Euery Assistant shall haue power to graunt warrants, summons, & attatchments. 1650 15 The said Six-clarkes..have tyed and compelled the Clarkes to enter al the Attachments, Proclamations..&c. in the house booke. 1670 T. Blount at Attache An Attachment sometimes issues out of a Court Baron. 1714 W. Scroggs (ed. 3) 172 An Attachment or Distringas to attach his Goods. 1784 J. L. De Lolme i. xi. 109 If he does not appear, an attachment is issued against him. 1828 4 58 If a second writ of attachment is sued out between the same parties,..during the pendency of a former attachment, [etc.]. 1883 Marquis of Salisbury 17 July The captain was brought up under an attachment, and, refusing to relieve the men, was committed. 1947 2934 He must be taken before a magistrate..to give recognizance for his appearance before the court which issued the attachment. 1991 J. D. Nash in W. S. Powell IV. 356/2 When Dobbs's executors..failed to pay their father's bequest to the youthful widow, Nash brought suit. An attachment was issued. society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > [noun] > proceeding in forest laws society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > taking property into judicial power ?1592 J. Manwood 90 In the said court of Attachments the officers there do nothing but receiue the Attachments of the Foresters. 1655 J. Howell xvi. 39 A Forest hath her Court of attachments,..where matters are as pleadable,..as at Westminster-Hall. 1700 J. Tyrrell II. 819 The Verderers and Foresters shall meet to view the Attachments of the Forest, as well of Vert, as Venison. 1768 W. Blackstone III. 71 The court of attachments, or wood-mote..is to be held before the verderors of the forest..and is instituted to enquire into all offenders against vert and venison. 1790 Feb. 81 (note) A chace hath no Court of Attachments, Swainmote, or Justice Seat, like a forest. 1809 T. E. Tomlins (at cited word) The lower court is called the attachment, the middle one the swainmote. 1883 J. F. Stephen I. iv. 137 At the Court of Attachments all such attachments were presented and enrolled under the direction of the verderers. 1914 W. T. Waugh tr. C. Petit-Dutaillis II. 165 It was within his [sc. the all-powerful forester's] power to make a family's lot intolerable, and..to summon its members time after time before the court of attachment. 2008 D. C. Beaver iii. 87 If in the preceding sixty years a place had held no justice seat, swanimote, or court of attachment, [etc.]. the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] 1609 W. Shakespeare iv. ii. 5 To bed to bed: sleepe kill those pritty eyes, And giue as soft attachment to thy sences, As infants empty of all thought. View more context for this quotation the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > bout or attack of 1625 T. Jackson iii. xviii. 143 He giues his second sonne for dead, vpon his first attachment by sicknesse. 1660 O. Sedgwick 27 When the Lord shall..lay an Attachment of sickness on his body. II. Fastening, connection, affixation (senses corresponding to attach v. II.). 6. 1606 A. Maxey sig. A.iii In the 15. ver. there followes an attachment. If I charge will not serue, then take vs the foxes, that destroy the vines, must follow. 1723 J. Douglas (new ed.) xii. 65 You may easily discover with your Fingers..if it's a small or large attachment. a1797 H. Walpole (1847) III. vi. 157 The whole body of Whigs were cantoned out in attachments to the Dukes of Newcastle and Bedford. 1862 Mar. 290/1 The patent self-folding, tucking and plaiting attachment for all the various sewing-machines. c1904 Suppl. Pivot polisher, an attachment to a watch-maker's lathe for grinding and polishing conical pivots. 1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. (ed. 2) ii. vi. 204 Most of the popular power drills have many attachments or accessories available for them. 2006 S. Kramer tr. J. Barnert in H. Messmann iv. xx. 197/2 The applicator handle has an attachment for a tube connecting it to a suction pump. 1930 8 Dec. 10 The nomination papers have as an attachment a declaration paper. 1957 (Office of Federal Register, U.S.) iii. 210/1 A request..shall include the following certification on Form IT- or FC- 763 or on a signed attachment thereto. 2003 (Nexis) 5 Mar. 1 a The handwritten attachments to the indictment. 1984 'Registered’ E-mail in (Usenet newsgroup) 5 Dec. Tell/message is somewhat primitive by Internet standards but has three noteworthy features: return receipts, attachments (text, graphics (FR80), or binary (other) files). 1994 (Electronic text) Apr. Software that lets users of proprietary e-mail systems send and receive mime attachments. 2000 8 May 14/2 To be infected, the user must attempt to open the attachment. 2014 (Nexis) 16 Feb. (Driving section) 19 I don't want to delete any of my old emails or attachments, but my Outlook 2007 .pst file has just reached 17GB. 7. the mind > emotion > love > affection > [noun] > attachment 1672 tr. R. Rapin 8 There must be a great Attachment to study [Fr. attachement à l'estude]. 1699 G. Garden iv. To Rdr. 261 We have strong Attachments to Parents, Friends, Wife, Children,..to Study, and Learning, and worldly Accommodations. a1704 T. Brown Ess. Satire Ancients in (1730) I. 21 We discover nothing of him..that deserves our attachment. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter iii. ii. 312 Independent of that attachment which all mankind have ever shown to the places of their birth..there were few countries more worthy to be regretted. 1791 E. Burke 63 He governed by party attachments. 1814 W. Scott II. xx. 302 The lover's eye discovered the object of his attachment . View more context for this quotation 1855 W. H. Prescott i. i. 2 His early attachments..were with the people of the Netherlands. 1906 T. Wright I. v. 96 That lady presently became Mrs. Segrave; but she and Burton long preserved for each other a reminiscitory attachment. 1946 E. R. Curtis iv. 51 The young Prince's admiration was ripening into an attachment. 2000 D. McLellan in A. Hastings et al. 749 For all her devotion to Christ and her attachment to the liturgy of the church, she resolutely refused baptism. the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > that which connects or bond > a bond or tie between persons, etc. the mind > emotion > love > affection > [noun] > attachment > specific between parent and child 1916 W. A. White vii. 152 In the first place this attachment is a growth which has its beginnings as soon as the child is born, its ground plan is laid down in the first years of development, its driving force comes from the great region of the unconscious.] 1930 W. Healy et al. ii. 106 These attachments are likely in the beginning to be strongly anaclitic in nature; the child will turn first to those who assist it in its helplessness and gratify its self-preservative needs. 1937 7 61 There might be protestations of interest and a boisterous show of affection, but there was little or no evidence of any real attachment having been made. 1944 J. Bowlby in 25 39 The Affectionless Character..is capable of neither attachment, affection, nor loyalty. 1951 J. Bowlby in 3 397 Lack of any opportunity for forming an attachment to a mother-figure during the first three years. 1991 S. Scrutton (BNC) 120 When attachments are threatened or removed in any way it can lead to intense forms of attachment behaviour, such as clinging, crying and extreme grief. 2006 67 324 While the attachment of children to parents was significantly associated with all religious outcome measures, parents' attachment to their children had mixed effects. the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [noun] > attaching or affixing > that whereby a thing is attached 1730 T. Short 106 The Attachments or Connection of its Fibers with one another is such, as may be separated by a Degree of Motion. 1766 R. B. Cheston iv. 67 The Attachment between the Chorion and Amnios was so weak and tender that they separated upon the least Motion. 1801 (Royal Soc.) 91 15 The attachments between the nerve and pericardium were completely divided. 1859 J. E. Tennent I. i. iii. 105 The falling timber..dragging those behind to which it is harnessed by its living attachments. 1874 C. Lyell xix. 330 A continuous pavement formed by the stony roots or ‘attachments’ of the Cruroidea. 1905 529 The goura of the Bushmen..a bow-like instrument having a piece of flattened quill interposed between one end of the string and its attachment to the bow. 1942 28 661 Thorax glabrous,..its length from neck to abdominal attachment one and four-fifths times its width. 1991 Nov. 66/2 A protein-digesting enzyme..dissolves the attachments between the basal cells and the vessel. the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [noun] > attaching or affixing 1753 (Royal Soc.) 47 509 One would almost be persuaded, that they [sc. polyps] were never intended to dwell in cavities, but upon nidus's convenient for their attachment only, with full liberty, at proper times, to detach their young. 1784 II. vi. iii. 391 This cellular part of the placenta..is not a spongy inorganic substance, merely intended for the attachment of the cake. 1859 R. Owen 65 The rest of the cranium is modified..for the attachment of muscles to work the jaw. 1867 A. Barry ix. 315 Ingenious provisions for attachment of girders. 1919 H. Shaw ix. 109 The ribs..also serve..as a framework for the attachment of the fabric. 1947 D. N. Davies in P. I. Smith xi. 165/2 (caption) A form of Schering bridge apparatus..showing the method of attachment to the test assembly and headphones. 2002 W. M. Jackson in C. Baker 129 Gascoigne is generally admitted to be the inventor of the wire micrometer and of the attachment of this device to the interior of the eyepiece of a telescope. the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > [noun] 1765 (Royal Soc.) 54 50 This attachment to other bodies in no way incommodes them [sc. oisters], because they increase the dimensions of their shells by adding fresh laminæ inwardly. 1817 R. Jameson 130 Werner understands by attachment, the connection of single crystals with massive minerals, and the aggregation of crystals together. 1922 J. J. Sudborough (new ed.) xlvi. 676 Conversion of a d-compound into its l isomeride without disturbing the attachment of the four atoms directly united to the asymmetric carbon atom. 1994 D. Tulchinsky & A. B. Little (ed. 2) xvii. 344/2 The function of the desmosome is to provide firm attachment between the cells. 2006 K. D. Rose ii. 31/1 Posterior ribs..may be ‘floating’, with no attachment to the sternum. society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > appointment to unit society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > transfer > temporary 1904 (Great Brit.: Army) i. 12 Units which do not exist as such in peace are completed in officers by special appointments, and as regards other ranks by reservists, attachments from other corps, and transfers from existing units. 1914 5 Oct. 5/1 Each man wearing an armlet indicating his attachment to these special siege batteries. 1955 5 Aug. 7/1 Numbers of Egyptian officers and men have recently been serving on attachment with the British forces in the Zone. 1957 3 160 The training of the Income-tax Service probationer follows the same pattern..except that the period of attachment to the Training School at Calcutta is 18 months. 1985 14 Sept. 719/2 The questionnaire was drawn up in 1977 by a group of clinical students who had just completed their first junior clinical attachment. 2008 (Nexis) 21 Sept. 8 The 26-year-old prince..has completed attachments to the army, navy and air force. Compounds1868 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1867 I. 757/1 in (40th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 96) X A metallic plate stiffens the cap, which turns round the central attachment pin. 1877 7 Sept. 192/2 The cover..is strengthened with flanges running around its upper and lower face, and projecting beyond the sides to receive the attachment bolts. 1904 F. W. Oliver tr. A. Kerner (ed. 2) I. 77 Seed-bearing plants or Phanerogamia..are fastened in the mud under water by means of attachment-roots. 1921 Apr. 558/2 Metal eyelets reinforce the attachment holes. 1976 16 556/2 A terminal attachment organ is formed at the posterior extremity. 1986 R. Bakker (1988) x. 216 (caption) This crest also was the attachment site for birdstyle calf muscles bulging backward and sideways. 2012 W. Kelly iv. 190 Use the sharp tip of an awl to ready them for the attachment screws. C2. 1958 J. Bowlby in 39 351/1 In the normal course of development, [infants]..become integrated and focused on a single mother figure: as such they form the basis of what I shall call 'attachment behaviour'. 1963 B. M. Foss II. 76 Our attention was drawn to a broader range of attachment patterns than we were originally set to observe. 1972 H. G. Hansburg xi. 116 The boy's feelings could be reached, once the attachment problems were dealt with. 1982 R. Hinde (1986) xiv. §i. 228 ‘Attachment’..is inferred from the attachment behaviour of the infant in interaction with the parent. 1995 G. Harris in C. Hollin ii. iv. 77 The child with a caregiver who always rejects them..will usually show an attachment pattern that is described as ‘avoidant’. 2002 S. Bentham viii. 141 A young child will display proximity-seeking attachment behaviour in the form of emotionally charged demands for attention. 2013 K. S. Golding et al. ix. 76 A child with attachment difficulties is likely to be emotionally young. b. 1972 57 219 She was placed at two months in an orphanage where she developed a stool withholding disorder along with an attachment disorder. 1980 41 2336- b/2 Abusing mothers were hypothesized to differ significantly from the non-abusing mothers in..pathological indicators of attachment disorders. 2005 J. D. Bregman in D. Zager (ed. 3) i. 29 A reliable diagnosis of attachment disorder can be made in the absence of unequivocal evidence of early ‘pathogenic’ care. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > mother > [noun] > mother figure 1964 9 July 27/2 He was the only attachment figure. 1988 A. Storr (1989) i. 9 After a further period, the infant becomes detached and appears no longer to care about the absent attachment figure. 2010 C. Taylor i. 17 Seeking to be near the attachment figure is at the heart of attachment. 1985 W. Sears xiii. 188 Attachment parents develop more acceptance of their child's behavior. 1999 K. A. Granju & B. Kennedy vii. 250 As an attachment parent, you understand the importance of plenty of hands-on, responsive care for your baby or young child. 2015 C. Jung ii. 55 Attachment parents are one of the groups that has elevated breastfeeding beyond mere feeding practice. 1985 W. Sears i. 5 As the months progress, those parents who practice attachment parenting..begin to see their baby in a different light and use more positive descriptions. 2012 Apr. 18/1 With our youngest edging slowly out of babydom, we've gradually, tentatively begun trying to reclaim our lives after eight years burrowed in the warm fug of dedicated attachment parenting. 1968 14 322 Children 3½- to 5½-years-old were exposed to a fear stimulus..in a test of the hypothesis derived from attachment theory. 2002 43 307/1 Attachment theory suggests that poor or adverse early experiences with parents represent a risk factor for depression in adulthood. C3. the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > centromere 1925 12 109 Chromosomes... There appears also a type (E) which is quite small and with the attachment constriction close to the end. 1983 29 129 Diagrams first published in 1932 and slightly revised with the change of term ‘attachment constriction’ to ‘centromere’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1325 |
