abjadn.

Brit.

/ˈabdʒad/, U.S.

/ˈɑbˌdʒɑd/,

/ˈæbˌdʒæd/

Forms: 1700s– abjad, 1700s– abjud, 1800s abjed, 1800s– abujad, 1900s– abadjad. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic abjad.

Etymology: < Arabic abjad Arabic alphabet, system of notation in which each of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet is assigned a numerical value, acronym < the initial letters of alif , bā' , jīm , dāl , the names of the first four letters of the Arabic alphabet in its historical order (which corresponds to the order of the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabet, with those Arabic letters which have no counterpart in Hebrew or Aramaic added at the end of the alphabet; compare ABC n.¹, alphabet n.). Compare Persian abjad, Urdu abjad.

1. A system of notation in which each of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet is assigned a numerical value. Now chiefly historical.

ΚΠ

1793 C. F. Greville Brit. India Analyzed I. 87 The first letter of the month Ahmudee is Alif, which, in the Abjud, stands for 1.

1818 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Oct. 345/1 The Abjad no doubt is [an Arabian rather than a Persian invention],..for as the Persians had invented a cypher form of notation at an early period, they must at the same time have forsaken the clumsy scheme of an alphabetic enumeration.

1858 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 6 80 He begins with finding the total number of dirhams to be 18,446,744,073,709,551,615, expressed by him in abujad signs thus..[etc.].

1950 Osiris 9 588 The mathematical, astronomical, geographical tables published in Arabic during the Middle Ages contain almost nothing but abujad numerals.

2005 Financial Times (Nexis) 23 Apr. (Weekend Mag.) 7 Someone told me that..[the number 786] was the sum of bismi'llah al-rahman al-rhim [sic] (‘In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful’) using the abjad reckoning.

2. Linguistics. Any of various writing systems having symbols for consonants only; a consonantal alphabet.

ΚΠ

1990 P. T. Daniels in Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 110 730/1 West Semitic scripts constitute a third fundamental type of script, the kind that denotes individual consonants only... I propose to call this type an ‘abjad’.

1997 A. V. Lyovin Introd. Lang. of World ii. 35 An abjad is a consonantal alphabet.

2007 T. Sasaki & K. Tanaka-Ishii in I. Scott MacKenzie & K. Tanaka-Ishii Text Entry Syst. xiii. 255 The four abjads still in use today—Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, and Samaritan—developed from a common ancestor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abjad
释义	abjadn. Brit. /ˈabdʒad/, U.S. /ˈɑbˌdʒɑd/, /ˈæbˌdʒæd/ Forms: 1700s– abjad, 1700s– abjud, 1800s abjed, 1800s– abujad, 1900s– abadjad. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic abjad. Etymology: < Arabic abjad Arabic alphabet, system of notation in which each of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet is assigned a numerical value, acronym < the initial letters of alif , bā' , jīm , dāl , the names of the first four letters of the Arabic alphabet in its historical order (which corresponds to the order of the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabet, with those Arabic letters which have no counterpart in Hebrew or Aramaic added at the end of the alphabet; compare ABC n.¹, alphabet n.). Compare Persian abjad, Urdu abjad. 1. A system of notation in which each of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet is assigned a numerical value. Now chiefly historical. ΚΠ 1793 C. F. Greville Brit. India Analyzed I. 87 The first letter of the month Ahmudee is Alif, which, in the Abjud, stands for 1. 1818 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. Oct. 345/1 The Abjad no doubt is [an Arabian rather than a Persian invention],..for as the Persians had invented a cypher form of notation at an early period, they must at the same time have forsaken the clumsy scheme of an alphabetic enumeration. 1858 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 6 80 He begins with finding the total number of dirhams to be 18,446,744,073,709,551,615, expressed by him in abujad signs thus..[etc.]. 1950 Osiris 9 588 The mathematical, astronomical, geographical tables published in Arabic during the Middle Ages contain almost nothing but abujad numerals. 2005 Financial Times (Nexis) 23 Apr. (Weekend Mag.) 7 Someone told me that..[the number 786] was the sum of bismi'llah al-rahman al-rhim [sic] (‘In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful’) using the abjad reckoning. 2. Linguistics. Any of various writing systems having symbols for consonants only; a consonantal alphabet. ΚΠ 1990 P. T. Daniels in Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 110 730/1 West Semitic scripts constitute a third fundamental type of script, the kind that denotes individual consonants only... I propose to call this type an ‘abjad’. 1997 A. V. Lyovin Introd. Lang. of World ii. 35 An abjad is a consonantal alphabet. 2007 T. Sasaki & K. Tanaka-Ishii in I. Scott MacKenzie & K. Tanaka-Ishii Text Entry Syst. xiii. 255 The four abjads still in use today—Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, and Samaritan—developed from a common ancestor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1793
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