† atrabilen.

Etymology: < French atrabile, in 16th cent. atrebile (= Italian atraˈbile), < Latin ātra bīlis, used to translate Greek μελαγχολία black bile, melancholy, and treated in later times as a single word, as in the modern languages; hence the late adjectives ātrabīliārius, ātrabīlārius. (Of these the former is on the whole the more regular, though both are supported by Latin analogies: compare viridārium and viridiārium.

Obsolete.

literal. Black bile, ‘a term anciently used for an imaginary fluid, thick, black, and acrid,’ supposed to be secreted by the renal or atrabiliary glands, or by the spleen, and to be the cause of melancholy ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon); hence: Melancholy, spleen. (Also used in Latin form ātra bīlis.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > black bile as cause of melancholy

black choleraa1398

choler adusta1400

black choler?a1425

melancholic1590

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

black bile1634

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > bilious disorders

black choleraa1398

black humoura1398

cholera1398

melancholya1398

choler adusta1400

black choler?a1425

melancholiousness1526

burnt choler1578

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

black bile1634

polycholia1799

bile1803

acholia1835

biliousness1856

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > specific humours

phlegmc1250

moisturea1387

melancholyc1390

cholera1393

black humoura1398

choleraa1398

melancholiaa1398

coldness1398

sanguineness1530

atrabile1594

combust choler1607

primary humour1621

black bile1634

cambium1634

yellow bile1634

kapha1937

pitta1937

dosha1959

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits vi. 85 Choler ad-ust, or atrabile, of which Aristotle sayd, That it made men exceeding wise.

1639 G. Daniel Vervicensis 638 To see my Phlegme, or Atra bilis rise.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Atrabilis was one of the great Humours of the antient Physicians; whence arose the Atrabilary, one of their Temperaments; answering to what we call Melancholy.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	atrabile
释义	† atrabilen. Etymology: < French atrabile, in 16th cent. atrebile (= Italian atraˈbile), < Latin ātra bīlis, used to translate Greek μελαγχολία black bile, melancholy, and treated in later times as a single word, as in the modern languages; hence the late adjectives ātrabīliārius, ātrabīlārius. (Of these the former is on the whole the more regular, though both are supported by Latin analogies: compare viridārium and viridiārium. Obsolete. literal. Black bile, ‘a term anciently used for an imaginary fluid, thick, black, and acrid,’ supposed to be secreted by the renal or atrabiliary glands, or by the spleen, and to be the cause of melancholy ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon); hence: Melancholy, spleen. (Also used in Latin form ātra bīlis.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [noun] > black bile as cause of melancholy black choleraa1398 choler adusta1400 black choler?a1425 melancholic1590 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 black bile1634 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered secretion > [noun] > bilious disorders black choleraa1398 black humoura1398 cholera1398 melancholya1398 choler adusta1400 black choler?a1425 melancholiousness1526 burnt choler1578 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 black bile1634 polycholia1799 bile1803 acholia1835 biliousness1856 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > specific humours phlegmc1250 moisturea1387 melancholyc1390 cholera1393 black humoura1398 choleraa1398 melancholiaa1398 coldness1398 sanguineness1530 atrabile1594 combust choler1607 primary humour1621 black bile1634 cambium1634 yellow bile1634 kapha1937 pitta1937 dosha1959 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits vi. 85 Choler ad-ust, or atrabile, of which Aristotle sayd, That it made men exceeding wise. 1639 G. Daniel Vervicensis 638 To see my Phlegme, or Atra bilis rise. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Atrabilis was one of the great Humours of the antient Physicians; whence arose the Atrabilary, one of their Temperaments; answering to what we call Melancholy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1594
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