magnetismn.

Brit.

/ˈmaɡnᵻtɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈmæɡnəˌtɪzəm/

Forms: 1600s magnetisme, 1600s– magnetism.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: magnet n., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < magnet n. + -ism suffix, perhaps influenced by post-classical Latin magnetismus, although evidence for this is lacking before the later 17th cent.; compare French magnétisme (1666 in sense ‘supposed occult influence’, 1720 in sense 1a), and Italian magnetismo (1684 in sense ‘mysterious fluid held to emanate from certain people’, 1698 in sense 1a).

a. The characteristic properties of a magnet (now attributed to the motion of electric charge); the quality of being magnetic; the phenomena produced by magnetic materials.The attraction of lodestone for iron was known to the early Greeks, and the Roman poet Lucretius seems even to hint at induced magnetism. Medieval ideas on magnetism were heavily influenced by celestial analogies (e.g. with the poles of a magnetic object being compared to the celestial poles).Early practical studies of magnetism concentrated on the compass and its variation. Robert Norman's Newe Attractive (1581) discusses magnetic repulsion and magnetic dip (inclination). William Gilbert ( De Magnete, 1600) drew an analogy between the earth and a spherical magnet, and distinguished the attractive property of lodestone (a magnetic phenomenon) and that of amber (an electrostatic one).Later 17th-cent. theories explained magnetism in terms of an effluvium (effluvium n. 2b), of either corpuscular or fluid nature.A mathematical description of magnetism was attempted by F. U. T. Aepinus in 1759 ( Tentamen Theoriæ Electricitatis et Magnetismi). Coulomb's inverse square law (1785) was given a firm theoretical foundation by C. F. Gauss (1832), and the resulting mathematical theories of magnetism were later combined to a greater or lesser extent with those of electricity. This was made necessary by a series of discoveries, especially after the 1820s, made by H. C. Oersted, A. M. Ampère, D. F. Arago, M. Faraday, and others. In particular they showed that the motions of magnets could produce electric currents, and that they in turn produced a magnetic field. In 1873 J. C. Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism gave these experimental researches mathematical form, and showed that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun]

magnetism1616

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > properties or phenomena

magnetism1616

magnetical1646

magnetics1935

1616 W. Barlow Magneticall Aduertisements Ep. Ded. sig. A2 What I had built vpon his foundation of the Magnetisme of the earth.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 160 You shall thereby give it a most powerful Magnetisme, so that it will then as actively move the Needle..as the Loadstone it-self.

1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. xvii. 435 Are we to speak of those other motive Powers, the Powers of Magnetism and Electricity.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 164 A peculiar species of attraction, exerted by bodies called magnets or loadstones, receives the appellation of magnetism.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 288/1 The mutual relations of the two magnetisms [sc. Austral and Boreal], and those of positive and negative electricity.

1863 J. W. Draper Intell. Devel. Europe (1865) xix. 449 The doctrine..that magnetism is an effluvium issuing forth from the root of the tail of the Little Bear.

1879 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) II. xvi. 423 A blue flame, which being usually bent by the earth's magnetism, received the name of the Voltaic Arc.

1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 345 A two-fluid theory of magnetism has been evolved.

1903 Science 26 June 1001/2 The electron theory..explains Ampère's idea that magnetism is due to a rotating current of electricity round each atom of iron.

1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. l. 863 It appears to show that magnetism is a derived quantity due to electrons in motion, and the natural unit of magnetism would appear to be the magnetic moment of an orbital electron.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 650/1 The temperature at which any ferromagnetic material loses its magnetism is known as the Curie point.

1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) ix. 144/2 Unlike other a.c. motors the operation is directly dependent on the magnetism induced in the rotors.

1997 Nature 2 Jan. 14/1 The mid-nineteenth century saw the discovery of examples of transformations between various forms of power or force..such as electricity and magnetism.

b. Any of various natural phenomena formerly likened to magnetic attraction but now known to be unrelated to it. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > phenomena of attraction

magnetism1650

1650 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica (ed. 2) ii. iii. 60 Many other Magnetismes may be pretended, and the like attractions through all the creatures of nature.

1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. ii. 57 The two contrary Tendencies of the Lignous and Cortical Bodies..(being most probably external, and perhaps something of a Magnetisme).

1996 P. Fara Sympathetic Attractions vi. 149 Alchemical and Paracelsian cosmologies informed references to the ‘secret Magnetism’ drawing particles together at the Creation or the magnetic attraction of the cold ethereal spirit drawing mercury up a barometer tube.

c. The branch of science that deals with magnetic phenomena.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > science of magnetism

magnetics1662

magnetism1676

1676 R. Boyle Exper. & Notes Magnetism 20 Magnetism is so fertile a Subject.

1767 J. Priestley Hist. & Present State Electr. vii. 547 Experiments in hydrostatics, optics, or magnetism.

1885 S. P. Thompson (title) Lessons in electricity and magnetism.

1925 H. C. Booth tr. F. Auerbach Mod. Magnetics (U.K. ed.) p. v In the comprehensive treatise on electricity and magnetism edited by Graetz, I have dealt with the whole subject of magnetism, with the exception of magneto-optics and a few minor special questions.

1993 J. Brooke Sci. & Religion (BNC) 109 Jesuit scholars were active in other branches of science and particularly so in the emerging fields of electricity and magnetism.

2. figurative. Attractive power or influence. In later use frequently: spec. personal charm or charisma.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] > power or faculty of

allurement1548

alluringness1606

magnetism1650

allectation1656

invitingness1656

magneticness1663

winningness1727

seductiveness1815

pull1874

seduction1882

pulling power1899

1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 58 The Magnetism, or Sympathie which is between him [sc. the Astral Man] and the Radical, vital moysture.

1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 10 Their magnetisme works all night, And dreams of Paradise and light.

1671 A. Marvell Let. 9 Aug. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 324 The Magnetism of two Souls, rightly touched, works beyond all natural Limits.

1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 172 Nothing is more common than to see Men of singular Strictness..who..stoop and yield to the Magnetism of this dirty Planet.

a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 64 The Magnetism of Heav'nly Love, Draws some to God above.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. ix. 65 There is a kind of magnetism in goodness.

1859 C. Kingsley Misc. I. 28 He could draw round him..by the spiritual magnetism of his genius, many a noble soul.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxiv. 612 Now, magnetism is among the highest qualities which an American popular leader can possess.

1927 E. Glyn ‘It’ i. 10 He had that nameless charm, with a strong magnetism which can only be called ‘It’.

1950 Sport 22 Sept. 14/2 Such is the magnetism of world class heavyweight boxers!

1988 M. Seymour Ring of Conspirators viii. 243 Fullerton was a bisexual whose sexual magnetism was at odds with his modest appearance.

3. Mesmerism; = animal magnetism n. at animal n. Compounds 2. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > mesmerism

animal magnetism1784

magnetism1784

mesmerism1784

magnetizing1787

magnetization1801

zoomagnetism1824

tellurism1832

hypnotism1842

pathetism1843

zoistic magnetism1849

electrobiology1850

electropsychology1850

biologism1852

statuvolism1871

statuvolence1873

braidism1882

hypnosis1882

biomagnetism1887

1784 H. Walpole Let. in Academy (1882) 25 Feb. 139/1 Animal Magnetism has not yet made much impression here.

1785 Mesmer's Aphorisms 13 It cannot be determined how long a tree may preserve the magnetism.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 450/1 The principal application of magnetism..was by pressure of the hands..on the hypochondria.

1855 E. Smedley et al. Occult Sci. 224 Magnetism by the eye is indeed often more powerful than by the hands.

1993 New Scientist 6 Feb. 40/2 Gould painstakingly traces the survival and revival of magnetism in France, Germany, America and Britain.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	magnetism
释义	magnetismn. Brit. /ˈmaɡnᵻtɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈmæɡnəˌtɪzəm/ Forms: 1600s magnetisme, 1600s– magnetism. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: magnet n., -ism suffix. Etymology: < magnet n. + -ism suffix, perhaps influenced by post-classical Latin magnetismus, although evidence for this is lacking before the later 17th cent.; compare French magnétisme (1666 in sense ‘supposed occult influence’, 1720 in sense 1a), and Italian magnetismo (1684 in sense ‘mysterious fluid held to emanate from certain people’, 1698 in sense 1a). 1. a. The characteristic properties of a magnet (now attributed to the motion of electric charge); the quality of being magnetic; the phenomena produced by magnetic materials.The attraction of lodestone for iron was known to the early Greeks, and the Roman poet Lucretius seems even to hint at induced magnetism. Medieval ideas on magnetism were heavily influenced by celestial analogies (e.g. with the poles of a magnetic object being compared to the celestial poles).Early practical studies of magnetism concentrated on the compass and its variation. Robert Norman's Newe Attractive (1581) discusses magnetic repulsion and magnetic dip (inclination). William Gilbert ( De Magnete, 1600) drew an analogy between the earth and a spherical magnet, and distinguished the attractive property of lodestone (a magnetic phenomenon) and that of amber (an electrostatic one).Later 17th-cent. theories explained magnetism in terms of an effluvium (effluvium n. 2b), of either corpuscular or fluid nature.A mathematical description of magnetism was attempted by F. U. T. Aepinus in 1759 ( Tentamen Theoriæ Electricitatis et Magnetismi). Coulomb's inverse square law (1785) was given a firm theoretical foundation by C. F. Gauss (1832), and the resulting mathematical theories of magnetism were later combined to a greater or lesser extent with those of electricity. This was made necessary by a series of discoveries, especially after the 1820s, made by H. C. Oersted, A. M. Ampère, D. F. Arago, M. Faraday, and others. In particular they showed that the motions of magnets could produce electric currents, and that they in turn produced a magnetic field. In 1873 J. C. Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism gave these experimental researches mathematical form, and showed that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] magnetism1616 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > properties or phenomena magnetism1616 magnetical1646 magnetics1935 1616 W. Barlow Magneticall Aduertisements Ep. Ded. sig. A2 What I had built vpon his foundation of the Magnetisme of the earth. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 160 You shall thereby give it a most powerful Magnetisme, so that it will then as actively move the Needle..as the Loadstone it-self. 1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. xvii. 435 Are we to speak of those other motive Powers, the Powers of Magnetism and Electricity. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 164 A peculiar species of attraction, exerted by bodies called magnets or loadstones, receives the appellation of magnetism. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 288/1 The mutual relations of the two magnetisms [sc. Austral and Boreal], and those of positive and negative electricity. 1863 J. W. Draper Intell. Devel. Europe (1865) xix. 449 The doctrine..that magnetism is an effluvium issuing forth from the root of the tail of the Little Bear. 1879 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (ed. 6) II. xvi. 423 A blue flame, which being usually bent by the earth's magnetism, received the name of the Voltaic Arc. 1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 345 A two-fluid theory of magnetism has been evolved. 1903 Science 26 June 1001/2 The electron theory..explains Ampère's idea that magnetism is due to a rotating current of electricity round each atom of iron. 1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. l. 863 It appears to show that magnetism is a derived quantity due to electrons in motion, and the natural unit of magnetism would appear to be the magnetic moment of an orbital electron. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 650/1 The temperature at which any ferromagnetic material loses its magnetism is known as the Curie point. 1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) ix. 144/2 Unlike other a.c. motors the operation is directly dependent on the magnetism induced in the rotors. 1997 Nature 2 Jan. 14/1 The mid-nineteenth century saw the discovery of examples of transformations between various forms of power or force..such as electricity and magnetism. b. Any of various natural phenomena formerly likened to magnetic attraction but now known to be unrelated to it. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > phenomena of attraction magnetism1650 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica (ed. 2) ii. iii. 60 Many other Magnetismes may be pretended, and the like attractions through all the creatures of nature. 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. ii. 57 The two contrary Tendencies of the Lignous and Cortical Bodies..(being most probably external, and perhaps something of a Magnetisme). 1996 P. Fara Sympathetic Attractions vi. 149 Alchemical and Paracelsian cosmologies informed references to the ‘secret Magnetism’ drawing particles together at the Creation or the magnetic attraction of the cold ethereal spirit drawing mercury up a barometer tube. c. The branch of science that deals with magnetic phenomena. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > science of magnetism magnetics1662 magnetism1676 1676 R. Boyle Exper. & Notes Magnetism 20 Magnetism is so fertile a Subject. 1767 J. Priestley Hist. & Present State Electr. vii. 547 Experiments in hydrostatics, optics, or magnetism. 1885 S. P. Thompson (title) Lessons in electricity and magnetism. 1925 H. C. Booth tr. F. Auerbach Mod. Magnetics (U.K. ed.) p. v In the comprehensive treatise on electricity and magnetism edited by Graetz, I have dealt with the whole subject of magnetism, with the exception of magneto-optics and a few minor special questions. 1993 J. Brooke Sci. & Religion (BNC) 109 Jesuit scholars were active in other branches of science and particularly so in the emerging fields of electricity and magnetism. 2. figurative. Attractive power or influence. In later use frequently: spec. personal charm or charisma. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] > power or faculty of allurement1548 alluringness1606 magnetism1650 allectation1656 invitingness1656 magneticness1663 winningness1727 seductiveness1815 pull1874 seduction1882 pulling power1899 1650 T. Vaughan Anthroposophia Theomagica 58 The Magnetism, or Sympathie which is between him [sc. the Astral Man] and the Radical, vital moysture. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. 10 Their magnetisme works all night, And dreams of Paradise and light. 1671 A. Marvell Let. 9 Aug. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 324 The Magnetism of two Souls, rightly touched, works beyond all natural Limits. 1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 172 Nothing is more common than to see Men of singular Strictness..who..stoop and yield to the Magnetism of this dirty Planet. a1711 T. Ken Preparatives for Death in Wks. (1721) IV. 64 The Magnetism of Heav'nly Love, Draws some to God above. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison III. ix. 65 There is a kind of magnetism in goodness. 1859 C. Kingsley Misc. I. 28 He could draw round him..by the spiritual magnetism of his genius, many a noble soul. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxiv. 612 Now, magnetism is among the highest qualities which an American popular leader can possess. 1927 E. Glyn ‘It’ i. 10 He had that nameless charm, with a strong magnetism which can only be called ‘It’. 1950 Sport 22 Sept. 14/2 Such is the magnetism of world class heavyweight boxers! 1988 M. Seymour Ring of Conspirators viii. 243 Fullerton was a bisexual whose sexual magnetism was at odds with his modest appearance. 3. Mesmerism; = animal magnetism n. at animal n. Compounds 2. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > mesmerism animal magnetism1784 magnetism1784 mesmerism1784 magnetizing1787 magnetization1801 zoomagnetism1824 tellurism1832 hypnotism1842 pathetism1843 zoistic magnetism1849 electrobiology1850 electropsychology1850 biologism1852 statuvolism1871 statuvolence1873 braidism1882 hypnosis1882 biomagnetism1887 1784 H. Walpole Let. in Academy (1882) 25 Feb. 139/1 Animal Magnetism has not yet made much impression here. 1785 Mesmer's Aphorisms 13 It cannot be determined how long a tree may preserve the magnetism. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 450/1 The principal application of magnetism..was by pressure of the hands..on the hypochondria. 1855 E. Smedley et al. Occult Sci. 224 Magnetism by the eye is indeed often more powerful than by the hands. 1993 New Scientist 6 Feb. 40/2 Gould painstakingly traces the survival and revival of magnetism in France, Germany, America and Britain. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1616
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