machilan.

Brit.

/məˈʃiːlə/,

/məˈtʃiːlə/, U.S.

/məˈʃilə/,

/məˈtʃilə/

Forms: 1800s manchila, 1800s– machila, 1800s– machilla.

Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese machila.

Etymology: < Portuguese machila litter (1798 in plural as maxillas ), of uncertain origin. Compare earlier muncheel n.The word may have been brought by the Portuguese to East Africa from India; it is perhaps from a form in a Dravidian language identical or related to the etymon of muncheel n. (to which Burton's form manchila may owe its -n- : compare his use of the former s.v., quot. 1851). Similar words are found in several languages of East Africa, e.g. Swahili machela, machera, machira litter, stretcher, hammock, Kikuyu maceera stretcher, litter, but these may be directly or indirectly from Portuguese. There is a suggestion in J. P. Machado, Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa (ed. 2, 1967), supported by an example of the form machira in a Portuguese text of 1569 relating to East Africa, that it might be a word originally meaning ‘canvas’ from one of the Bantu languages of the region, but this has not been corroborated.

A conveyance, usually for one person, used in Africa and consisting of a hammock slung between two poles, carried by bearers.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > conveyance carried by person or animal > [noun] > litter

litterc1330

saumbury1393

cabin1587

palanquin1588

norimon1616

dooliec1625

sedan1646

pavilion1656

takhtrawan1671

go-cart1676

palki1678

portantina1758

muncheel1807

machila1833

kago1857

dandy1870

1833 W. F. W. Owen et al. Narr. Voy. Afr., Arabia, Madagascar II. xxiii. 281 The dust..renders walking in the streets exceedingly disagreeable... The Portuguese use machilas, the only exercise they take being a ride on horseback early in the morning.

1848 F. L. Barnard Three Years' Cruize in Mozambique Channel 33 I followed in a machila—a cot slung under a large bamboo covered with zebra skins, and carried by four men—who rattled me along at a smart trot.

1860 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. I. xi. 386 I followed,..more dead than alive,..even the movement of the Manchila was almost unendurable... I mounted the Manchila, carried by six slaves, hired..at the rate of three pounds of white beads each.

1884 Mrs. M. A. Pringle Towards Mountains of Moon vii. 89 The Portuguese [in Quillimane] go from house to house in a sort of palanquin, called here a machilla (pronounced masheela).

1897 H. H. Johnston Brit. Central Afr. iv. 91 We then started for Kotakota, Jumbe's men insisting on carrying me in a machilla.

1900 E. S. Grogan & A. H. Sharp From Cape to Cairo 168 [He] obtained..a team of boys to carry me in a machila to the highlands of Kivu.

1944 J. C. Heenan Cardinal Hinsley 64 I have now travelled in Africa in every kind of conveyance—ox carts, glorified perambulators, machilla.

1952 S. Cloete Curve & Tusk (1953) iv. 38 We will carry you, Lord, we will carry you in a machila, a hammock.

1990 Internat. Jrnl. Afr. Hist. Stud. 23 260 One of the most pernicious facets of colonialism was the use of machillas, hammocks slung under one or two poles and carried by teams of Africans.

2013 B. DeMello Anthony DeMello, Happy Wanderer i. 7 The bride was carried on the shoulders of four men on a beautifully decorated palanquin called a machila.

Compounds

General attributive, objective, instrumental, etc., as machila-bearer, machila-carrier, machila man nouns.

ΚΠ

1848 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 121 In all the Portuguese possessions on the coast, are numbers of..free blacks, who hire themselves out as woodcutters, machila-bearers, or labourers.

1876 R. Burton Two Trips Gorilla-land II. ii. 30 The ‘munengana’, or machila-man, is active in offering his light cane palanquin.

1898 Brit. Central Afr. Gaz. 30 Apr. 1/1 Captain Chichester was shortly afterwards surrounded... The machila men and carriers at once ran away.

1900 E. S. Grogan & A. H. Sharp From Cape to Cairo vi. 57 [He] utilized the bandsmen when off duty as machila-carriers.

1906 R. C. F. Maugham Portuguese E. Afr. 14 Machilla-travelling on the Frontier.

1930 Jrnl. Royal Army Med. Corps 54 339 You can tell a machila-man at once by the callosities on his shoulders.

1998 V. Rangel-Ribeiro Tivolem xiv. 89 The sharply articulated iss-iss, iss-iss with which the machila-bearers..synchronized the rhythm of their breathing and of their bare feet.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	machila
释义	machilan. Brit. /məˈʃiːlə/, /məˈtʃiːlə/, U.S. /məˈʃilə/, /məˈtʃilə/ Forms: 1800s manchila, 1800s– machila, 1800s– machilla. Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese machila. Etymology: < Portuguese machila litter (1798 in plural as maxillas ), of uncertain origin. Compare earlier muncheel n.The word may have been brought by the Portuguese to East Africa from India; it is perhaps from a form in a Dravidian language identical or related to the etymon of muncheel n. (to which Burton's form manchila may owe its -n- : compare his use of the former s.v., quot. 1851). Similar words are found in several languages of East Africa, e.g. Swahili machela, machera, machira litter, stretcher, hammock, Kikuyu maceera stretcher, litter, but these may be directly or indirectly from Portuguese. There is a suggestion in J. P. Machado, Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa (ed. 2, 1967), supported by an example of the form machira in a Portuguese text of 1569 relating to East Africa, that it might be a word originally meaning ‘canvas’ from one of the Bantu languages of the region, but this has not been corroborated. A conveyance, usually for one person, used in Africa and consisting of a hammock slung between two poles, carried by bearers. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > conveyance carried by person or animal > [noun] > litter litterc1330 saumbury1393 cabin1587 palanquin1588 norimon1616 dooliec1625 sedan1646 pavilion1656 takhtrawan1671 go-cart1676 palki1678 portantina1758 muncheel1807 machila1833 kago1857 dandy1870 1833 W. F. W. Owen et al. Narr. Voy. Afr., Arabia, Madagascar II. xxiii. 281 The dust..renders walking in the streets exceedingly disagreeable... The Portuguese use machilas, the only exercise they take being a ride on horseback early in the morning. 1848 F. L. Barnard Three Years' Cruize in Mozambique Channel 33 I followed in a machila—a cot slung under a large bamboo covered with zebra skins, and carried by four men—who rattled me along at a smart trot. 1860 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. I. xi. 386 I followed,..more dead than alive,..even the movement of the Manchila was almost unendurable... I mounted the Manchila, carried by six slaves, hired..at the rate of three pounds of white beads each. 1884 Mrs. M. A. Pringle Towards Mountains of Moon vii. 89 The Portuguese [in Quillimane] go from house to house in a sort of palanquin, called here a machilla (pronounced masheela). 1897 H. H. Johnston Brit. Central Afr. iv. 91 We then started for Kotakota, Jumbe's men insisting on carrying me in a machilla. 1900 E. S. Grogan & A. H. Sharp From Cape to Cairo 168 [He] obtained..a team of boys to carry me in a machila to the highlands of Kivu. 1944 J. C. Heenan Cardinal Hinsley 64 I have now travelled in Africa in every kind of conveyance—ox carts, glorified perambulators, machilla. 1952 S. Cloete Curve & Tusk (1953) iv. 38 We will carry you, Lord, we will carry you in a machila, a hammock. 1990 Internat. Jrnl. Afr. Hist. Stud. 23 260 One of the most pernicious facets of colonialism was the use of machillas, hammocks slung under one or two poles and carried by teams of Africans. 2013 B. DeMello Anthony DeMello, Happy Wanderer i. 7 The bride was carried on the shoulders of four men on a beautifully decorated palanquin called a machila. Compounds General attributive, objective, instrumental, etc., as machila-bearer, machila-carrier, machila man nouns. ΚΠ 1848 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 121 In all the Portuguese possessions on the coast, are numbers of..free blacks, who hire themselves out as woodcutters, machila-bearers, or labourers. 1876 R. Burton Two Trips Gorilla-land II. ii. 30 The ‘munengana’, or machila-man, is active in offering his light cane palanquin. 1898 Brit. Central Afr. Gaz. 30 Apr. 1/1 Captain Chichester was shortly afterwards surrounded... The machila men and carriers at once ran away. 1900 E. S. Grogan & A. H. Sharp From Cape to Cairo vi. 57 [He] utilized the bandsmen when off duty as machila-carriers. 1906 R. C. F. Maugham Portuguese E. Afr. 14 Machilla-travelling on the Frontier. 1930 Jrnl. Royal Army Med. Corps 54 339 You can tell a machila-man at once by the callosities on his shoulders. 1998 V. Rangel-Ribeiro Tivolem xiv. 89 The sharply articulated iss-iss, iss-iss with which the machila-bearers..synchronized the rhythm of their breathing and of their bare feet. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1833
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