Machiavelliann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌmakjəˈvɛlɪən/, U.S.

/ˈˌmɑkiəˈvɛliən/,

/ˈˌmɑkiəˈvɛljən/

Forms: 1500s Macciauelian, 1500s Macheuelian, 1500s Machevillian, 1500s Machevillion, 1500s Machiauillen, 1500s Machiuilan, 1500s Matchewillian (Scottish), 1500s–1600s Machauilian, 1500s–1600s Machauillian, 1500s–1600s Machavilian, 1500s–1600s Macheuilian, 1500s–1600s Machiauellian, 1500s–1600s Machiuilian, 1500s–1600s Machivilian, 1500s–1600s Machivillian, 1500s–1600s (1900s– nonstandard) Machevelian, 1500s–1700s Machiavillian, 1500s– Machiavellian, 1600s Macavillian, 1600s Macchiavilian, 1600s Machavillian, 1600s Macheveliane (Scottish), 1600s Machevilian, 1600s Macheviliane, 1600s Machiauelian, 1600s Machiauileian, 1600s Machiauilian, 1600s Machiauillian, 1600s Machivellian, 1600s Matchavilian, 1600s Matcheuilian, 1600s Matchevilian, 1600s Matchevillian, 1600s Matchievilian, 1600s Matchievillian, 1600s Matchivilian, 1600s–1700s Machiavilian, 1600s–1700s Matchiavilian, 1600s–1700s Matchiavillian, 1600s–1800s Machiavelian, 1900s– Machavelian (nonstandard), 1900s– Machavellian (nonstandard), 1900s– Machevellian (nonstandard). Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: Machiavel n., -ian suffix; proper name Machiavelli , -an suffix.

Etymology: Either < Machiavel n. + -ian suffix, or < Machiavelli (see Machiavel n.) + -an suffix.The forms in -vil(l)ian may well have been modelled on villian , a frequent 16th–18th-cent. variant of villain n. For the likely pronunciation of the first part of the word, see Machiavel n.

A. n.

A follower of Machiavelli; a person who adopts the principles recommended, or supposed to have been recommended, by Machiavelli in his treatise on statecraft; a person who practises expediency in preference to morality; an intriguer or schemer. Usually derogatory.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination > one who

Machiavellist1565

Machiavellian1566

Machiavel1571

designer1598

stratagemitor1602

stratagematist1609

angler1622

artist1648

intriguer1667

volpone1672

finesser1773

manoeuvrera1805

intriguist1830

schemer1846

Machiavelli1849

1566 in T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. (1893) 118 He ys..a mortall enemy to all the protestants in this house,..a right mache villion [Editor queries transcription of final two words].

1568 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 73 This false Machivilian.

1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 45 A damn'd Macheuelian. Holds candle to the deuill for a while.

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 320 Protagoras with the Machiauellians..were doubtful whether there were any God.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 4 Simonaicall Matcheuilians.

1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 91 Never any Machivilian, or cruell State Politician..could never have devised a more effectuall way.

1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) vii. 187 He hath need of discretion..that he be neither monk nor Matchevillian.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 193. ⁋3 During this Retreat the Machiavilian was not idle, but secretly fomented Divisions.

1794 C. Plowden Remarks Mem. G. Panzani i. 161 That Machiavellian guided their steps in the paths of prevarication.

1814 W. Scott Let. 30 Apr. (1932) III. 441 An awful lesson to Sovereigns that morality is not so indifferent to politics as Machiavelians will assert.

1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 226/1 Napoleon..a ruthless militarist, cynic, and Machiavellian.

1943 J. Burnham Machiavellians vii. ii. 181 Machiavellians..do not waste time arguing the merits or demerits of the myth of democracy.

1977 Dædalus Summer 55 Other scholars, especially among those whose level of analysis is national decision-making, see themselves as efficient Machiavellians.

1993 Shakespeare Bull. Summer 29/3 Cassius' proclivity to violence is clearly evident..Don Tieri plays him as a fiery, grinning Machiavellian.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or characteristic of Machiavelli, or of his principles or alleged principles; practising, or characterized by, (esp. political) expediency; unscrupulous, duplicitous; astute, cunning, scheming.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adjective] > in contrivance or machination

politic1543

practical1563

fetching1570

driftyc1571

Machiavellian1572

stratagematical1583

stratagemical1585

stratagematic1589

drifting1596

enterprising1602

Machiavelline1602

practitional1602

engineering1631

polititious1638

Machiavellic1645

designing1661

intriguing1790

manoeuvring1801

systematizing1827

scheming1838

1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth Pref. sig. a5 I cal a Machiauellian State & Regiment: where Religion is put behind in the second & last place.

1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Cviij Thys absurd manner of reasoning is very Macciauelian logick.

1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte To Gentl. Acquaint. sig. F Is it pestilent Machiuilian pollicy that thou hast studied?

1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois iv. sig. H2 These are your Macheuilian Villaines.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. xix. 26 What got that Machivillian politician Achitophell.

c1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 162 Divide et regna is an old Matchiavilian maxime and trick.

a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 185 The true way of Treaties is with Christian, not Machiavelian policy.

1722 W. Bond in J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues (ed. 2) Ded. 5 The refined Matchiavillian thinkers have..altered the very nature of ethicks.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 120 Where men follow their natural impulses, they would not bear the odious maxims of a Machiavelian policy.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxiii. 194 So this Machiavellian captain of infantry cast about him for some..stratagem.

1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 63 Conducting his party with Machiavellian subtlety.

1928 T. S. Eliot For Lancelot Andrewes 65 No one was ever less ‘Machiavellian’ than Machiavelli.

1951 R. Crossman Diary 5 Dec. in M. Foot Aneurin Bevan (1973) II. ix. 373 Bevanism and the Bevanites seem much more important..and Machiavellian to the rest of the Labour Party..than they do to us.

1971 K. Gottschalk in B. de Ferranti Living with Computer v. 45 Its Machiavellian overtones suggest a ruthless and pragmatic manipulation of men, money and materials to achieve ends concealed from the world at large.

1985 H. Carpenter Secret Gardens ii. i. 111 The Machiavellian behaviour of the weasel, who plays every kind of trick on the other animals.

Derivatives

† Machiavellianize v. Obsolete rare (intransitive) to practise Machiavellianism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > treat cunningly [verb (transitive)] > contrive or attempt with cunning

subtile1537

practise1591

cautel1603

Machiavellianize1656

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Machevalize or Machiavelianize, to practise Machiavelianism, or cunning subtil policy.

Machiaˈvellianly adv. in a Machiavellian manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adverb] > with contrivance or machination

stratagematically1592

Machiavellianly1594

stratagemically1602

designingly1649

1594 J. Ingram in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 283 If any report the contrary they Machevillianly belie me.

1660 J. Evelyn Late News from Bruxels 2 This Impress he hath so Machiavelianly, and with such art and cunning, besprinkled and scattered over the whole Paper.

a1913 F. Rolfe Desire & Pursuit of Whole (1934) 142 Who had machiavellianly made preliminary soundings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	machiavellian
释义	Machiavelliann.adj. Brit. /ˌmakjəˈvɛlɪən/, U.S. /ˈˌmɑkiəˈvɛliən/, /ˈˌmɑkiəˈvɛljən/ Forms: 1500s Macciauelian, 1500s Macheuelian, 1500s Machevillian, 1500s Machevillion, 1500s Machiauillen, 1500s Machiuilan, 1500s Matchewillian (Scottish), 1500s–1600s Machauilian, 1500s–1600s Machauillian, 1500s–1600s Machavilian, 1500s–1600s Macheuilian, 1500s–1600s Machiauellian, 1500s–1600s Machiuilian, 1500s–1600s Machivilian, 1500s–1600s Machivillian, 1500s–1600s (1900s– nonstandard) Machevelian, 1500s–1700s Machiavillian, 1500s– Machiavellian, 1600s Macavillian, 1600s Macchiavilian, 1600s Machavillian, 1600s Macheveliane (Scottish), 1600s Machevilian, 1600s Macheviliane, 1600s Machiauelian, 1600s Machiauileian, 1600s Machiauilian, 1600s Machiauillian, 1600s Machivellian, 1600s Matchavilian, 1600s Matcheuilian, 1600s Matchevilian, 1600s Matchevillian, 1600s Matchievilian, 1600s Matchievillian, 1600s Matchivilian, 1600s–1700s Machiavilian, 1600s–1700s Matchiavilian, 1600s–1700s Matchiavillian, 1600s–1800s Machiavelian, 1900s– Machavelian (nonstandard), 1900s– Machavellian (nonstandard), 1900s– Machevellian (nonstandard). Also with lower-case initial. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or (ii) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: Machiavel n., -ian suffix; proper name Machiavelli , -an suffix. Etymology: Either < Machiavel n. + -ian suffix, or < Machiavelli (see Machiavel n.) + -an suffix.The forms in -vil(l)ian may well have been modelled on villian , a frequent 16th–18th-cent. variant of villain n. For the likely pronunciation of the first part of the word, see Machiavel n. A. n. A follower of Machiavelli; a person who adopts the principles recommended, or supposed to have been recommended, by Machiavelli in his treatise on statecraft; a person who practises expediency in preference to morality; an intriguer or schemer. Usually derogatory. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination > one who Machiavellist1565 Machiavellian1566 Machiavel1571 designer1598 stratagemitor1602 stratagematist1609 angler1622 artist1648 intriguer1667 volpone1672 finesser1773 manoeuvrera1805 intriguist1830 schemer1846 Machiavelli1849 1566 in T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. (1893) 118 He ys..a mortall enemy to all the protestants in this house,..a right mache villion [Editor queries transcription of final two words]. 1568 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 73 This false Machivilian. 1598 J. Marston Certaine Satyres in Metamorph. Pigmalions Image 45 A damn'd Macheuelian. Holds candle to the deuill for a while. 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 320 Protagoras with the Machiauellians..were doubtful whether there were any God. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 4 Simonaicall Matcheuilians. 1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 91 Never any Machivilian, or cruell State Politician..could never have devised a more effectuall way. 1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) vii. 187 He hath need of discretion..that he be neither monk nor Matchevillian. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 193. ⁋3 During this Retreat the Machiavilian was not idle, but secretly fomented Divisions. 1794 C. Plowden Remarks Mem. G. Panzani i. 161 That Machiavellian guided their steps in the paths of prevarication. 1814 W. Scott Let. 30 Apr. (1932) III. 441 An awful lesson to Sovereigns that morality is not so indifferent to politics as Machiavelians will assert. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 226/1 Napoleon..a ruthless militarist, cynic, and Machiavellian. 1943 J. Burnham Machiavellians vii. ii. 181 Machiavellians..do not waste time arguing the merits or demerits of the myth of democracy. 1977 Dædalus Summer 55 Other scholars, especially among those whose level of analysis is national decision-making, see themselves as efficient Machiavellians. 1993 Shakespeare Bull. Summer 29/3 Cassius' proclivity to violence is clearly evident..Don Tieri plays him as a fiery, grinning Machiavellian. B. adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of Machiavelli, or of his principles or alleged principles; practising, or characterized by, (esp. political) expediency; unscrupulous, duplicitous; astute, cunning, scheming. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adjective] > in contrivance or machination politic1543 practical1563 fetching1570 driftyc1571 Machiavellian1572 stratagematical1583 stratagemical1585 stratagematic1589 drifting1596 enterprising1602 Machiavelline1602 practitional1602 engineering1631 polititious1638 Machiavellic1645 designing1661 intriguing1790 manoeuvring1801 systematizing1827 scheming1838 1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth Pref. sig. a5 I cal a Machiauellian State & Regiment: where Religion is put behind in the second & last place. 1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Cviij Thys absurd manner of reasoning is very Macciauelian logick. 1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte To Gentl. Acquaint. sig. F Is it pestilent Machiuilian pollicy that thou hast studied? 1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois iv. sig. H2 These are your Macheuilian Villaines. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. xix. 26 What got that Machivillian politician Achitophell. c1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 162 Divide et regna is an old Matchiavilian maxime and trick. a1652 A. Wilson Hist. Great Brit. (1653) 185 The true way of Treaties is with Christian, not Machiavelian policy. 1722 W. Bond in J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues (ed. 2) Ded. 5 The refined Matchiavillian thinkers have..altered the very nature of ethicks. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 120 Where men follow their natural impulses, they would not bear the odious maxims of a Machiavelian policy. View more context for this quotation 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxiii. 194 So this Machiavellian captain of infantry cast about him for some..stratagem. 1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 63 Conducting his party with Machiavellian subtlety. 1928 T. S. Eliot For Lancelot Andrewes 65 No one was ever less ‘Machiavellian’ than Machiavelli. 1951 R. Crossman Diary 5 Dec. in M. Foot Aneurin Bevan (1973) II. ix. 373 Bevanism and the Bevanites seem much more important..and Machiavellian to the rest of the Labour Party..than they do to us. 1971 K. Gottschalk in B. de Ferranti Living with Computer v. 45 Its Machiavellian overtones suggest a ruthless and pragmatic manipulation of men, money and materials to achieve ends concealed from the world at large. 1985 H. Carpenter Secret Gardens ii. i. 111 The Machiavellian behaviour of the weasel, who plays every kind of trick on the other animals. Derivatives † Machiavellianize v. Obsolete rare (intransitive) to practise Machiavellianism. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > treat cunningly [verb (transitive)] > contrive or attempt with cunning subtile1537 practise1591 cautel1603 Machiavellianize1656 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Machevalize or Machiavelianize, to practise Machiavelianism, or cunning subtil policy. Machiaˈvellianly adv. in a Machiavellian manner. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adverb] > with contrivance or machination stratagematically1592 Machiavellianly1594 stratagemically1602 designingly1649 1594 J. Ingram in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1908) 5 283 If any report the contrary they Machevillianly belie me. 1660 J. Evelyn Late News from Bruxels 2 This Impress he hath so Machiavelianly, and with such art and cunning, besprinkled and scattered over the whole Paper. a1913 F. Rolfe Desire & Pursuit of Whole (1934) 142 Who had machiavellianly made preliminary soundings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1566
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