| 单词 | atomicity | 
| 释义 | atomicityn. 1.  Chemistry.  a.  = valency n. 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > valency > 			[noun]		 atomicity1859 quantivalence1865 valency1869 adicity1882 valence1884 1859    A. W. Hofmann in  Chem. Gaz. 1 Oct. 378  				We know of many cases in which, under conditions not sufficiently established, the atomicity of a molecule changes: witness the radical ‘allyl’, which is capable of replacing one or three equivalents of hydrogen. 1873    J. P. Cooke New Chem. 		(1874)	 xii. 278  				The number of these replaceable atoms measures what is called the atomicity of the compound. 1925    H. C. Booth tr.  F. Auerbach Mod. Magnetics 		(U.K. ed.)	 iv. 89  				The atomicity is of influence on the magnetizability; thus, for example, ferri- and ferro-salts have by no means the same atomic magnetizability. 1954    A. J. Berry From Classical to Mod. Chem. vi. 161  				The beginnings of ideas on the subject of valency or, as it was for many years termed, atomicity, are traceable in the works of Hofmann, Williamson, Odling, Wurtz and others. 1992    W. H. Brock Fontana Hist. Chem.  vii. 250  				Kekulé referred to the atomicities or basicities of the elements themselves instead of radicals.  b.  The number of atoms in the molecule of a gas, esp. a gaseous element. ΚΠ 1887    M. M. P. Muir  & C. Slater Elem. Chem. xvi. 222  				The expression atomicity of a molecule is used to denote the number of atoms which form the gaseous molecule of an element or compound. 1895    Proc. Royal Soc. 59 257  				The spark-gap at atmospheric pressure varied in length inversely as the atomicity of the gas. 1938    R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students vii. 134  				The atomicity of hydrogen is two. 1982    G. C. Hill  & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context: Lab. Man. & Study Guide 174/1  				If the formula of a gaseous element is written as X2(g) we can deduce that it has..an atomicity of two.  2.   a.  Science. The condition or property of being composed of atoms or analogous elemental units. ΚΠ 1868    N. Amer. Rev. July 135  				The utilitarian point of view..is not at all apparent in..Gerhardt's theory of atomicity, in Cuvier's classification of animals, or in Darwin's investigation into the principles of variation. 1870    J. Scoffern Stray Leaves Sci. & Folk-lore 63  				The atomicity or non-atomicity of matter will probably never be determined. 1920    A. S. Eddington Space, Time & Gravitation xii. 199  				Atomicity is by no means confined to matter and electricity; the quantum, which plays so great a part in recent physics, is apparently an atom of action. 1961    Jrnl. Appl. Physics 32 2206  				A new approach to the polaron theory is applicable which takes into account the atomicity of the lattice and presence of thermal phonons. 1990    E. Harth Dawn of Millennium vii. 109  				Then there was the idea of atomicity: all matter consists of small invisible particles, each indivisible.  b.  In extended use (chiefly Philosophy). The state or fact of being composed of and analysable into indivisible or irreducible units. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > language theories of individual philosophers > 			[noun]		 > logical atomism (in Russell and Wittgenstein) > capacity for being reduced atomicity1940 1896    Philos. Rev. 5 249  				Empiricism applied the atomic philosophy to states of consciousness... But the atomicity..tends to be forgotten, and the soul life is construed as an activity of some sort. 1940    B. Russell Inq. into Meaning & Truth xii. 169  				Can we construct an adequate language in which the principle of atomicity holds? 1947    Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 60 127  				Temporal atomicity means that time is made up of discrete instants that do not coalesce and cannot be indefinitely sub-divided. 1959    B. Russell My Philos. Devel. x. 118  				The principle of atomicity is stated by Wittgenstein in the following terms: ‘Every statement about complexes can be analysed into a statement about their constituent parts, and into those propositions which completely describe the complexes’ (Tractatus, 2.0201). 2000    Philos. Q. 50 195  				Some writers on logical form even formulate a criterion for atomicity.  3.  The quality or property of being an atom or analogous elemental unit; (in extended use) indivisibility; irreducibility. ΚΠ 1882    Mind 7 405  				If each material atom or unit is of necessity united, as its term, to a sensitive principle which constitutes its unity or atomicity; then, these sensitive principles must be eternal and indissoluble. 1899    Amer. Jrnl. Theol. 3 492  				These atoms do not stop at being created. Neither do they lose their atomicity in becoming genetic elements in the production of the next higher unit. 1929    A. N. Whitehead Process & Reality  iii. i. 333  				A prehension, considered genetically, can never free itself from the incurable atomicity of the actual entity to which it belongs. 1984    D. W. Hamlyn Metaphysics iv. 62  				The thesis that substances must be simple is integral to atomist theories as long as they hold that the atomicity or indivisibility of the atoms is one of principle and not merely something that holds good in fact. 1998    Wired Oct. 87/1  				Atomicity means that a transaction cannot be half-done. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  | 
	
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