Lucifern.

Brit.

/ˈluːsᵻfə/,

/ˈljuːsᵻfə/, U.S.

/ˈlusəfər/

Etymology: < Latin lūcifer adjective, light-bringing; used as proper name of the morning star; < lūc(i)-, lūx light + -fer bearing. Compare the equivalent Greek ϕωσϕόρος, after which it was probably formed.

I. As proper name, and allusively.

a. The morning star; the planet Venus when she appears in the sky before sunrise. Now only poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > inferior planet > [noun] > Venus > as morning star

morn-starOE

day starOE

Luciferc1050

morrow starc1350

morning star1535

phosphorus1595

phosphor1606

morning planet1667

c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Þær æfter on þam circule lucifer up arist.

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) iii. metr. i. 50 After þat lucifere the day sterre hath chasyd awey the dirke nyht.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xxxviii. 32 Whether thou bryngist forth Lucifer, that is dai sterre, in his tyme.

1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn vi, in Poems 4 The Stars..will not take their flight, For all the morning light, Or Lucifer that often warn'd them thence.

1744 M. Akenside Pleasures Imagination i. 148 Lucifer displays His beaming forehead thro' the gates of morn.

1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 146 Now on the mountains of Ida was rising Lucifer bright.

†b. figurative. (Cf. day star n.) Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1585 T. Cartwright in R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 87 Vntill such time as the day starre spring & Lucifer do rise in our hearts.

1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered viii. 26 You Cynosura and Lucifer of nations, the stupor and admiration of the world.

a. The rebel archangel whose fall from heaven was supposed to be referred to in Isaiah xiv. 12; Satan, the Devil. Now rare in serious use; current chiefly in the phrase as proud as Lucifer.The Scripture passage (Vulgate ‘Quomodo cecidisti de cælo, Lucifer, qui mane oriebaris?’ King James Bible ‘How art thou fallen from heauen, O Lucifer, sonne of the morning?’) is part of a ‘parable against the king of Babylon’ (Isaiah xiv. 4); but the mention of a fall from heaven led Christian interpreters to suppose that ‘king of Babylon’ was to be interpreted spiritually, as a designation of the chief of ‘the angels who kept not their first estate’. Hence the general patristic view that Lucifer was the name of Satan before his fall. The Latin word was adopted in all the English versions down to 1611; the Revised version has daystar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] > as Lucifer

LuciferOE

the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective] > extremely or excessively proud

overproudOE

mad-proudc1450

Luciferine1543

Luciferousc1554

Luciferian?1570

top-proud1623

fastuose1674

as pleased (also proud, etc.) as Punch1796

as proud as Lucifer1839

OE Christ & Satan 366 Wæs þæt encgelcyn ær genemned, Lucifer haten, leohtberende.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 30 Þese nouelries maad of ydiotis & synful wrecchis of lucifers pride.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 442 And for þat he was fair and bright lucifer to nam he hight.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4377 With feendes and lucifere..in helle.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 175 Proude Lucifer, the greit maister of hell.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 372 And when he falles, he falles like Lucifer, Neuer to hope againe.

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. iv. 571 His Pride is such, as may teach Lucifer.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 131 Lucifer..So call him, brighter once amidst the Host Of Angels, then that Starr the Starrs among.

1772 J. W. Fletcher Third Check Antinom. 94 A fall into pride may drive me nearer Lucifer.

1814 W. Scott Waverley III. x. 128 A second Lucifer of ambition and wrath.

1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 70 Men say—as proud as Lucifer—Pray who would not be proud with such a train?

in combination.1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) f. 1 His..Luciferlike pride.1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 219 With such an incredible inordinate desire of luciferlike superioritie.

†b. allusively. One who commits the sin of Lucifer, i.e. who seeks to dethrone God; occasionally applied to one who presumptuously rebels against an earthly sovereign. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > [noun] > excessive pride > person

Lucifer1549

1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. B3^v That presumption of challengynge Goddes seate, doth shewe you to haue bene Lucifers, and..god wyll punyshe you like Lucifers.

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 305 What Lucifer is that, that wil oppose him selfe against the flatt commaundement of the holie ghost.

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. l. 231 Yea, too blasphemous, they incroch vpon the Deitie, Though of these Lucifers haue been that perish through a Flie.

a1693 Disc. Tenures in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 89 Although they be perpetual Lucifers, they must always be Angels, and live in plenty.

c. Misused for: A devil.

ΚΠ

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. iii. 72 The temper of eight little Lucifers in a swept lodging.

II. As a common noun. (Usually with lower-case initial.)

3. Originally lucifer match n. A friction match made usually of a splint of wood tipped with an inflammable substance ignitable on a roughened or otherwise prepared surface.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > match, spill, or taper for lighting > specifically ignited by friction

allumette1601

fire cane1644

paper match1780

Strasbourg match1825

match1830

lucifer match1831

fusee1832

loco-foco1835

oxymuriatic match1835

Congreve1839

Vesta1839

friction-match1847

safety match1850

German Congreve1851

Vesuvian1853

star1862

safety1876

tandstickor1884

post-and-railsa1890

book match1899

Swan Vesta1908

1831 John Bull 28 Nov. 11 379/1 [Jones v. Watts, speech of plaintiff's counsel.] Mr. Jones had, some time ago, invented a match to produce an instantaneous light..and he had given his ingenious invention the name of ‘Promethean’... Subsequently the plaintiff invented another description of match, which he designated with the frightful name of ‘Lucifer’... For the ‘Lucifers’ he had not..secured his right as the patentee... The defendant made an exact imitation of the ‘Lucifer Match.’

1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) 543 Matches tipped with some of these inflammable mixtures, and called Lucifers, are now in common use, and are inflamed either by friction or by the contact of sulphuric acid.

1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) 1274 Gen. Index Lucifer matches.

1837 Ann. Reg. 80 Several other lucifer matches were lying about, one of them having the appearance of having been drawn through the sandpaper.

1849 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 42 When we had put a lucifer to some sticks in the grate.

1876 ‘Capt. Crawley’ Card Player's Man. 120 Cribbage..is played with a full pack of fifty-two cards,..and two pegs (that may be of ivory, or lucifer matches, with the phosphorus ends cut off).

1884 E. Yates Recoll. & Experiences I. ii. 45 The lucifer, or Congreve match as it was called,..was ignited by friction on sandpaper, and had a very unpleasant smell.

in combination.1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Lucifer-box.1862 H. Marryat One Year in Sweden II. 400 Mr. Lundström..showed me over his lucifer-manufactory.

Derivatives

† ˈLucifering adj. Obsolete acting the part of Lucifer.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. l. 231 Of which Conuerting, Christo-fers yee [Popes] thenceforth shalbe said: If not, apply and perish in your Luciferring Traid.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	lucifer
释义	Lucifern. Brit. /ˈluːsᵻfə/, /ˈljuːsᵻfə/, U.S. /ˈlusəfər/ Etymology: < Latin lūcifer adjective, light-bringing; used as proper name of the morning star; < lūc(i)-, lūx light + -fer bearing. Compare the equivalent Greek ϕωσϕόρος, after which it was probably formed. I. As proper name, and allusively. 1. a. The morning star; the planet Venus when she appears in the sky before sunrise. Now only poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > inferior planet > [noun] > Venus > as morning star morn-starOE day starOE Luciferc1050 morrow starc1350 morning star1535 phosphorus1595 phosphor1606 morning planet1667 c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Þær æfter on þam circule lucifer up arist. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) iii. metr. i. 50 After þat lucifere the day sterre hath chasyd awey the dirke nyht. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xxxviii. 32 Whether thou bryngist forth Lucifer, that is dai sterre, in his tyme. 1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn vi, in Poems 4 The Stars..will not take their flight, For all the morning light, Or Lucifer that often warn'd them thence. 1744 M. Akenside Pleasures Imagination i. 148 Lucifer displays His beaming forehead thro' the gates of morn. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 146 Now on the mountains of Ida was rising Lucifer bright. †b. figurative. (Cf. day star n.) Obsolete. ΚΠ c1585 T. Cartwright in R. Browne Answere to Cartwright 87 Vntill such time as the day starre spring & Lucifer do rise in our hearts. 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered viii. 26 You Cynosura and Lucifer of nations, the stupor and admiration of the world. 2. a. The rebel archangel whose fall from heaven was supposed to be referred to in Isaiah xiv. 12; Satan, the Devil. Now rare in serious use; current chiefly in the phrase as proud as Lucifer.The Scripture passage (Vulgate ‘Quomodo cecidisti de cælo, Lucifer, qui mane oriebaris?’ King James Bible ‘How art thou fallen from heauen, O Lucifer, sonne of the morning?’) is part of a ‘parable against the king of Babylon’ (Isaiah xiv. 4); but the mention of a fall from heaven led Christian interpreters to suppose that ‘king of Babylon’ was to be interpreted spiritually, as a designation of the chief of ‘the angels who kept not their first estate’. Hence the general patristic view that Lucifer was the name of Satan before his fall. The Latin word was adopted in all the English versions down to 1611; the Revised version has daystar. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] > as Lucifer LuciferOE the mind > emotion > pride > [adjective] > extremely or excessively proud overproudOE mad-proudc1450 Luciferine1543 Luciferousc1554 Luciferian?1570 top-proud1623 fastuose1674 as pleased (also proud, etc.) as Punch1796 as proud as Lucifer1839 OE Christ & Satan 366 Wæs þæt encgelcyn ær genemned, Lucifer haten, leohtberende. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 30 Þese nouelries maad of ydiotis & synful wrecchis of lucifers pride. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 442 And for þat he was fair and bright lucifer to nam he hight. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4377 With feendes and lucifere..in helle. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 175 Proude Lucifer, the greit maister of hell. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 372 And when he falles, he falles like Lucifer, Neuer to hope againe. View more context for this quotation 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. iv. 571 His Pride is such, as may teach Lucifer. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 131 Lucifer..So call him, brighter once amidst the Host Of Angels, then that Starr the Starrs among. View more context for this quotation 1772 J. W. Fletcher Third Check Antinom. 94 A fall into pride may drive me nearer Lucifer. 1814 W. Scott Waverley III. x. 128 A second Lucifer of ambition and wrath. View more context for this quotation 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 70 Men say—as proud as Lucifer—Pray who would not be proud with such a train? in combination.1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) f. 1 His..Luciferlike pride.1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 219 With such an incredible inordinate desire of luciferlike superioritie. †b. allusively. One who commits the sin of Lucifer, i.e. who seeks to dethrone God; occasionally applied to one who presumptuously rebels against an earthly sovereign. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > [noun] > excessive pride > person Lucifer1549 1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. B3^v That presumption of challengynge Goddes seate, doth shewe you to haue bene Lucifers, and..god wyll punyshe you like Lucifers. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 305 What Lucifer is that, that wil oppose him selfe against the flatt commaundement of the holie ghost. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. l. 231 Yea, too blasphemous, they incroch vpon the Deitie, Though of these Lucifers haue been that perish through a Flie. a1693 Disc. Tenures in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 89 Although they be perpetual Lucifers, they must always be Angels, and live in plenty. c. Misused for: A devil. ΚΠ 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. iii. 72 The temper of eight little Lucifers in a swept lodging. II. As a common noun. (Usually with lower-case initial.) 3. Originally lucifer match n. A friction match made usually of a splint of wood tipped with an inflammable substance ignitable on a roughened or otherwise prepared surface. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > match, spill, or taper for lighting > specifically ignited by friction allumette1601 fire cane1644 paper match1780 Strasbourg match1825 match1830 lucifer match1831 fusee1832 loco-foco1835 oxymuriatic match1835 Congreve1839 Vesta1839 friction-match1847 safety match1850 German Congreve1851 Vesuvian1853 star1862 safety1876 tandstickor1884 post-and-railsa1890 book match1899 Swan Vesta1908 1831 John Bull 28 Nov. 11 379/1 [Jones v. Watts, speech of plaintiff's counsel.] Mr. Jones had, some time ago, invented a match to produce an instantaneous light..and he had given his ingenious invention the name of ‘Promethean’... Subsequently the plaintiff invented another description of match, which he designated with the frightful name of ‘Lucifer’... For the ‘Lucifers’ he had not..secured his right as the patentee... The defendant made an exact imitation of the ‘Lucifer Match.’ 1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) 543 Matches tipped with some of these inflammable mixtures, and called Lucifers, are now in common use, and are inflamed either by friction or by the contact of sulphuric acid. 1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) 1274 Gen. Index Lucifer matches. 1837 Ann. Reg. 80 Several other lucifer matches were lying about, one of them having the appearance of having been drawn through the sandpaper. 1849 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 42 When we had put a lucifer to some sticks in the grate. 1876 ‘Capt. Crawley’ Card Player's Man. 120 Cribbage..is played with a full pack of fifty-two cards,..and two pegs (that may be of ivory, or lucifer matches, with the phosphorus ends cut off). 1884 E. Yates Recoll. & Experiences I. ii. 45 The lucifer, or Congreve match as it was called,..was ignited by friction on sandpaper, and had a very unpleasant smell. in combination.1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Lucifer-box.1862 H. Marryat One Year in Sweden II. 400 Mr. Lundström..showed me over his lucifer-manufactory. Derivatives † ˈLucifering adj. Obsolete acting the part of Lucifer.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. l. 231 Of which Conuerting, Christo-fers yee [Popes] thenceforth shalbe said: If not, apply and perish in your Luciferring Traid. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.OE
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