athwartadv.prep.

Brit.

/əˈθwɔːt/, U.S.

/əˈθwɔrt/

Forms: Also 1500s athirt, 1600s athawart, atwart. Scottish1500s athourt, athourcht, 1500s–1800s athort.

Etymology: < a prep.¹ + thwart adj.; the latter was in earlier use as an adverb; a-thwart was formed like about , across , and other adverbs in a- ; there was also an early overthwart adj. and n.

A. adv.

a. Across from side to side, transversely; usually, but not necessarily, in an oblique direction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [adverb]

overthwartc1300

thwarta1350

thwart-over1398

overthwartly?a1425

traversec1425

thorter1488

thwartly?1541

traversely?1541

traversewise1548

cross1577

thwartingly1579

crosswise1580

thwartwise1589

overthwartwise1594

crossly1598

traverseways1610

athwart1611

crossway1611

transversely1650

overthwartways1656

transverse1660

crossways1665

thwartways1665

transversally1762

criss-cross1843

athwart-wise1868

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > across

thwart1511

across1580

athwart1611

acrost1775

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in transverse direction

thereoverc897

overwardc1300

acrossa1350

out-overa1400

overthwartly?a1425

a-travers1430

overcrossa1525

thwartlong1600

transversely1650

transverse1660

transversally1762

overthwart1764

athwart1879

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [adverb] > across from side to side

thwart-over1398

across?1523

thwartwise1589

athwart1879

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Y4^v Yron beames that come athwart or a crosse from one side to the other.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 333 The Asse having..a crosse made by a black list down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his shoulders.

1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxxvi. 140 All these stones are laid a-thwart over the breadth of the chamber.

1879 Ld. Tennyson Lover's Tale (new ed.) 10 The cloud..sweeps athwart in storm.

b. Nautical. From side to side of a ship.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adverb] > from side to side

thwart-shipsa1625

athwart-ships1718

athwart1762

thwartship1882

1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 31 The forky lightnings horrid blaze, and dart athwart the gloom terrific rays.

1858 in Mercantile Marine Mag. 5 317 A..framework, extending fore and aft and athwart.

†2. Across in various directions, about.‘Northern: still in Scotch.’ ( N.E.D.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in transverse direction > in various directions

athwartc1500

c1500 Partenay 169 Thorught the wodes went, athirt trauersing.

1638 R. Baillie Let. 1 Nov. (1841) I. 105 There goes athort a Speech..diswading the King from warre with us.

3. Across the course (of anything), so as to thwart or oppose progress.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [adverb] > so as to obstruct progress

athwart1594

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 145 If nature..haue no impediment cast athwart to stop her.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iii. 91 And with his spear Advanced athwart push'd back the Trojan van.

4. figurative. In opposition to the proper or expected course; crosswise, perversely, awry.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > leading astray > [adverb]

overthwarta1382

awklyc1440

seducingly?1594

athwart1598

seducedly1642

pervertedly1804

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 36 All athwart there came A post from Wales, loden with heauy newes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iii. 30 And quite athwart Goes all decorum.

1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd iii. 213 Turned the steadfast athwart.

5. In the form of a cross, crosswise. ? Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [adverb]

acrossa1250

crosswise1398

overcrossa1525

per or in cross1562

crossways1564

athwart1607

decussatively1658

cruciformly1834

1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. iii. 154 They clappe their armes athwarte, to expresse a crosse.

B. prep.

1. From side to side of, transversely over, across:

a. of motion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > sideways [preposition] > across from side to side

thoroughOE

athwartc1470

across?1540

thwart1583

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [preposition] > across

overeOE

athwartc1470

thorter1533

across?1540

cross1551

c1470 Henry Wallace in Masson 3 Cent. Eng. Poet. 114 A locklat bar was drawn athwart the door.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 323 The fisches wes blawin athort the gait.

1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. 10 Moses then led them..athwart the red sea.

1736 A. Pope Rape of Lock ii. 82, in Wks. I. 151 The stars that shoot athwart the night.

1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 202 Athwart the field, the rooks fly home.

b. of position or direction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > across [preposition]

thwart-overa1225

thwart1470

thorter1533

across1538

traverse1548

traverse to (also of)1548

athwart1598

transverse1607

thwart of1667

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > across

overeOE

atour1423

thwart1470

athwart1598

across1626

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 133 Nor neuer lay his wreathed armes athwart His louing bosome.

1615 T. Heywood Foure Prentises i, in Wks. (1874) II. 240 Skarfe-like these athwart my breasts I'le weare.

1830 Ld. Tennyson Mariana ii, in Poems 15 She..glanced athwart the glooming flats.

†2. Across in various directions, to and fro over, all over.‘Only in north. dial.; still in every day use in Scotland as athort.’ ( N.E.D.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [preposition] > here and there in

throughOE

aboutc1390

thoroughc1450

athwartc1550

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 30 The borial blastis..hed chaissit the fragrant flureise..far athourt the feildis.

1638 R. Baillie Let. 27 Feb. (1841) I. 49 Posts went forth athort the whole countrey.

1885 N.E.D. Mod. Sc. Lazy loons stravaguing athort the kintrae.

3. Nautical. Across or transversely to the course or direction of. †athwart the fore foot: (a cannon-ball fired) across in front of a ship's bows, as a signal for her to bring to. to run athwart: to run into sidewise; cf. A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [preposition] > transversely to course or direction of

athwart1693

1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 70 A French privateer..whom he run athawart and sunk him.

1693 London Gaz. No. 2926/3 The Wind being Northerly..with a great Swell and strong Tide; The Frigats were obliged to Moor athwart it.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §167 (note) A vessel..being laid athwart the Jetty Head.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. iii. 19 Athwart the steamer's bows.

4. Across the direction of, so as to meet or fall in with; hence figurative into the notice or observation of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > meeting or encounter > so as to meet [preposition]

i-gainc1325

athwart1622

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > sideways [preposition] > across from side to side > so as to meet

athwart1622

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > into the notice of [preposition]

athwart1817

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxiv. 161 If this spanish shippe should fall athwart his Kings Armado.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vi. 71 Be not proud if that chance to come athwart thy seeing side, which meets with the blind side of another.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Poems 70 Ye sweep athwart my gaze.

1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. ii. 34 The image..comes athwart his every thought.

5. Across the course of, so as to oppose.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > across [preposition] > so as to obstruct or oppose

athwart1667

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 683 That dar'st..advance Thy miscreated Front athwart my way.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. iii. 14 If you come athwart me, 'ware.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) v. §298 Mountains which lie athwart the course of the winds.

6. figurative.

a. In opposition to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > contrary or opposite to [preposition]

fromward?c1225

athwart1644

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 8 I have seen this present work, and finde nothing athwart the Catholick faith.

1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xiv. iii. 646 Honest to the bone, athwart all her prejudices.

b. Through, across.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > through

throughOE

thoroughOE

throughoutOE

athwart1713

1713 J. Addison Cato iii. 37 Athwart the Terrors that thy Vow Has planted round thee, thou appear'st more fair.

Compounds

athwart-hawse adj. phrase used of a ship's position across the stem of another ship at anchor; hence prepositional phrase athwart-hawse of.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > [adverb] > anchoring across stem of another ship

athwart-hawse1709

1709 London Gaz. No. 4543/2 He..laid her on Board under her Boltsprit, directly athwart her Hawse.

1813 R. Southey Life Nelson v. 150 Anchoring athwart-hawse of the Orient.

athwart-ship adj. from side to side of the ship.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adjective] > from side to side

thwartship1829

athwart-ship1879

1879 W. White in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 363/1 An athwartship section of the lower part of a ship.

athwart-ships adv.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adverb] > from side to side

thwart-shipsa1625

athwart-ships1718

athwart1762

thwartship1882

1718 R. Steele Fish-pool 177 Two bulk-heads..running athwart-ships.

athwart-wise adv. athwart.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [adverb]

overthwartc1300

thwarta1350

thwart-over1398

overthwartly?a1425

traversec1425

thorter1488

thwartly?1541

traversely?1541

traversewise1548

cross1577

thwartingly1579

crosswise1580

thwartwise1589

overthwartwise1594

crossly1598

traverseways1610

athwart1611

crossway1611

transversely1650

overthwartways1656

transverse1660

crossways1665

thwartways1665

transversally1762

criss-cross1843

athwart-wise1868

1868 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) II. 223 And now lies athwartwise.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	athwart
释义	athwartadv.prep. Brit. /əˈθwɔːt/, U.S. /əˈθwɔrt/ Forms: Also 1500s athirt, 1600s athawart, atwart. Scottish1500s athourt, athourcht, 1500s–1800s athort. Etymology: < a prep.¹ + thwart adj.; the latter was in earlier use as an adverb; a-thwart was formed like about , across , and other adverbs in a- ; there was also an early overthwart adj. and n. A. adv. 1. a. Across from side to side, transversely; usually, but not necessarily, in an oblique direction. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [adverb] overthwartc1300 thwarta1350 thwart-over1398 overthwartly?a1425 traversec1425 thorter1488 thwartly?1541 traversely?1541 traversewise1548 cross1577 thwartingly1579 crosswise1580 thwartwise1589 overthwartwise1594 crossly1598 traverseways1610 athwart1611 crossway1611 transversely1650 overthwartways1656 transverse1660 crossways1665 thwartways1665 transversally1762 criss-cross1843 athwart-wise1868 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [adverb] > across thwart1511 across1580 athwart1611 acrost1775 the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in transverse direction thereoverc897 overwardc1300 acrossa1350 out-overa1400 overthwartly?a1425 a-travers1430 overcrossa1525 thwartlong1600 transversely1650 transverse1660 transversally1762 overthwart1764 athwart1879 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > [adverb] > across from side to side thwart-over1398 across?1523 thwartwise1589 athwart1879 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Y4^v Yron beames that come athwart or a crosse from one side to the other. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 333 The Asse having..a crosse made by a black list down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his shoulders. View more context for this quotation 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxxvi. 140 All these stones are laid a-thwart over the breadth of the chamber. 1879 Ld. Tennyson Lover's Tale (new ed.) 10 The cloud..sweeps athwart in storm. b. Nautical. From side to side of a ship. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adverb] > from side to side thwart-shipsa1625 athwart-ships1718 athwart1762 thwartship1882 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 31 The forky lightnings horrid blaze, and dart athwart the gloom terrific rays. 1858 in Mercantile Marine Mag. 5 317 A..framework, extending fore and aft and athwart. †2. Across in various directions, about.‘Northern: still in Scotch.’ ( N.E.D.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in transverse direction > in various directions athwartc1500 c1500 Partenay 169 Thorught the wodes went, athirt trauersing. 1638 R. Baillie Let. 1 Nov. (1841) I. 105 There goes athort a Speech..diswading the King from warre with us. 3. Across the course (of anything), so as to thwart or oppose progress. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [adverb] > so as to obstruct progress athwart1594 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits x. 145 If nature..haue no impediment cast athwart to stop her. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iii. 91 And with his spear Advanced athwart push'd back the Trojan van. 4. figurative. In opposition to the proper or expected course; crosswise, perversely, awry. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > leading astray > [adverb] overthwarta1382 awklyc1440 seducingly?1594 athwart1598 seducedly1642 pervertedly1804 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. i. 36 All athwart there came A post from Wales, loden with heauy newes. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iii. 30 And quite athwart Goes all decorum. View more context for this quotation 1876 W. Morris Story of Sigurd iii. 213 Turned the steadfast athwart. 5. In the form of a cross, crosswise. ? Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [adverb] acrossa1250 crosswise1398 overcrossa1525 per or in cross1562 crossways1564 athwart1607 decussatively1658 cruciformly1834 1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. iii. 154 They clappe their armes athwarte, to expresse a crosse. B. prep. 1. From side to side of, transversely over, across: a. of motion. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > sideways [preposition] > across from side to side thoroughOE athwartc1470 across?1540 thwart1583 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [preposition] > across overeOE athwartc1470 thorter1533 across?1540 cross1551 c1470 Henry Wallace in Masson 3 Cent. Eng. Poet. 114 A locklat bar was drawn athwart the door. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 323 The fisches wes blawin athort the gait. 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. 10 Moses then led them..athwart the red sea. 1736 A. Pope Rape of Lock ii. 82, in Wks. I. 151 The stars that shoot athwart the night. 1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 202 Athwart the field, the rooks fly home. b. of position or direction. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > across [preposition] thwart-overa1225 thwart1470 thorter1533 across1538 traverse1548 traverse to (also of)1548 athwart1598 transverse1607 thwart of1667 the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > across overeOE atour1423 thwart1470 athwart1598 across1626 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 133 Nor neuer lay his wreathed armes athwart His louing bosome. View more context for this quotation 1615 T. Heywood Foure Prentises i, in Wks. (1874) II. 240 Skarfe-like these athwart my breasts I'le weare. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Mariana ii, in Poems 15 She..glanced athwart the glooming flats. †2. Across in various directions, to and fro over, all over.‘Only in north. dial.; still in every day use in Scotland as athort.’ ( N.E.D.) ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [preposition] > here and there in throughOE aboutc1390 thoroughc1450 athwartc1550 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 30 The borial blastis..hed chaissit the fragrant flureise..far athourt the feildis. 1638 R. Baillie Let. 27 Feb. (1841) I. 49 Posts went forth athort the whole countrey. 1885 N.E.D. Mod. Sc. Lazy loons stravaguing athort the kintrae. 3. Nautical. Across or transversely to the course or direction of. †athwart the fore foot: (a cannon-ball fired) across in front of a ship's bows, as a signal for her to bring to. to run athwart: to run into sidewise; cf. A. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [preposition] > transversely to course or direction of athwart1693 1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 70 A French privateer..whom he run athawart and sunk him. 1693 London Gaz. No. 2926/3 The Wind being Northerly..with a great Swell and strong Tide; The Frigats were obliged to Moor athwart it. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §167 (note) A vessel..being laid athwart the Jetty Head. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. iii. 19 Athwart the steamer's bows. 4. Across the direction of, so as to meet or fall in with; hence figurative into the notice or observation of. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > meeting or encounter > so as to meet [preposition] i-gainc1325 athwart1622 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > sideways movement or a sideways movement > sideways [preposition] > across from side to side > so as to meet athwart1622 the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > into the notice of [preposition] athwart1817 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxiv. 161 If this spanish shippe should fall athwart his Kings Armado. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vi. 71 Be not proud if that chance to come athwart thy seeing side, which meets with the blind side of another. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Poems 70 Ye sweep athwart my gaze. 1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. ii. 34 The image..comes athwart his every thought. 5. Across the course of, so as to oppose. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > across [preposition] > so as to obstruct or oppose athwart1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 683 That dar'st..advance Thy miscreated Front athwart my way. View more context for this quotation 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. iii. 14 If you come athwart me, 'ware. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) v. §298 Mountains which lie athwart the course of the winds. 6. figurative. a. In opposition to. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > contrary or opposite to [preposition] fromward?c1225 athwart1644 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 8 I have seen this present work, and finde nothing athwart the Catholick faith. 1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xiv. iii. 646 Honest to the bone, athwart all her prejudices. b. Through, across. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > through throughOE thoroughOE throughoutOE athwart1713 1713 J. Addison Cato iii. 37 Athwart the Terrors that thy Vow Has planted round thee, thou appear'st more fair. Compounds athwart-hawse adj. phrase used of a ship's position across the stem of another ship at anchor; hence prepositional phrase athwart-hawse of. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > [adverb] > anchoring across stem of another ship athwart-hawse1709 1709 London Gaz. No. 4543/2 He..laid her on Board under her Boltsprit, directly athwart her Hawse. 1813 R. Southey Life Nelson v. 150 Anchoring athwart-hawse of the Orient. athwart-ship adj. from side to side of the ship. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adjective] > from side to side thwartship1829 athwart-ship1879 1879 W. White in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 363/1 An athwartship section of the lower part of a ship. athwart-ships adv. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adverb] > from side to side thwart-shipsa1625 athwart-ships1718 athwart1762 thwartship1882 1718 R. Steele Fish-pool 177 Two bulk-heads..running athwart-ships. athwart-wise adv. athwart. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > [adverb] overthwartc1300 thwarta1350 thwart-over1398 overthwartly?a1425 traversec1425 thorter1488 thwartly?1541 traversely?1541 traversewise1548 cross1577 thwartingly1579 crosswise1580 thwartwise1589 overthwartwise1594 crossly1598 traverseways1610 athwart1611 crossway1611 transversely1650 overthwartways1656 transverse1660 crossways1665 thwartways1665 transversally1762 criss-cross1843 athwart-wise1868 1868 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) II. 223 And now lies athwartwise. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.prep.c1470
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