abidingn.

Brit.

/əˈbʌɪdɪŋ/, U.S.

/əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

Forms: see abide v. and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English abideing, late Middle English habyddynge, 1600s abydeing (Scottish).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: abide v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < abide v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare earlier abode n.¹, and also biding n.

Now archaic.

I. Senses relating to the action of waiting or delaying. Cf. abide v. I.

†1. The action of waiting at a certain point; stopping, pausing, hesitation; a pause, delay. Cf. abide v. 2a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun]

steadc1000

leathc1175

abiding1340

broklinga1400

pausation1422

pausing1440

interceasingc1450

suspensing?1504

suspending1524

intermission1526

leathing1535

suspensationc1571

intercession1572

suspense1584

abeyance1593

suspension1603

recession1606

interruption1607

recess1620

intercision1625

intercessation1659

intermittency1662

pretermission1677

break1689

cess1703

intermittence1796

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 173 (MED) Ne abyd naȝt þe to wende to god..uor þe abidinge is wel perilous.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 12^v Þey doþ al þing withoute abidinge and tariynge [L. sine more dilatione].

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2222 Quyte hem curteisly anoon Without abidyng.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxi. sig. o4 They shold smyte of sir Edmondes hede..withoute any maner abydyng or respite.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 256 (MED) Thei made no lenger abidinge but mette togeder fiercely.

a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 711, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 212 Be gret apperans but langsum abyding.

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum ii. ii. f. 3/1 They [sc. Angels] doe all thing without abiding or tarrieng.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. 277 All this multitude, the other Consull and the Pretor kept still at Rome; devising this cause, and that, of delaies and abiding behind.

2. The action of awaiting, expecting, or lying in wait for a person or thing; waiting, expectation; an instance of this. Now rare.

ΚΠ

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xxxviii. 11 (MED) And which is nou myn abydyng [L. expectatio]?

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xvii. 15 Wher is thanne now myn abiding [L. præstolatio]?

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. x. 27 (MED) Þer is left agastful abydyng of dome.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 7555 That is al his abiding, Forto be wedded as a king.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxviii. 116 Fra myn abidynge shame me noght.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. III. lvi. f. 78^v/1 Thus in abydynge for the duke of Berrey and for the constable who were behynde.

1630 W. Gouge Expos. Fifth Chapter St. Iohns Gospell 9 The long time of their abiding and waiting here.

a1691 E. Pococke Theol. Wks. (1740) II. iii. 121/2 The Prophet..adds certain conditions..which are, first, that she should abide for him many days, or literally, thou shalt sit to me, or for me, which is all one with abiding.

1812 J. Baillie Dream ii. iii, in Series of Plays III. 138 Any thing, that can be endured here, is mercy compared to the dreadful abiding of what may be hereafter.

1895 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 16 176 The action of awaiting, expecting or abiding was conceived as extended in time.

1992 F. Schroeder Form & Transformation iii. 46 Plotinus offers us a poetic and striking image of this act of quietness or abiding.

II. Senses relating to the action of remaining or staying. Cf. abide v. II.

†a. A place where a person remains habitually or resides; a dwelling place, abode, habitation. Also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 3 Esdras ix. 37 The sonus of Irael weren in ther abidingus [L. commorationibus; a1425 L.V. abidyngis].

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 206 To-morow I muste make myn abidinge [a1460 anon. tr. dwellinge] in a hous fulle ferre hens.

a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 4199 (MED) He toke the..way To his palys ther as his abideng was.

1561 Parker Certificates (CCCC 122) 62 He hathe beyn absente this ii yeares..not perfectlye knowen wheare his abydinge is.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1406/2 Neerenesse and commoditie of mens abidings.

1606 T. Dekker Newes from Hell sig. C2^v Get leaue for thy Ghost, to come from her abiding.

1658 E. Phillips Myst. Love & Eloquence 175 What is a Tinker?.. He is a moveable, for he hath no certain abiding.

1752 Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts 4th Ser. III. 425 He came..to view the Places, the Havens, the Provisions and Means, and Nearness and Commodity of Men's Abidings.

1787 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia in Writings (1984) 235 Queen Elizabeth..granted to him [sc. Walter Raleigh]..all the soil with 200 leagues of the places where his people should..make their dwellings or abidings.

1883 J. G. Whittier Songs of Three Cent. 20/1 Winds that have no abidings, Pitying their delay, Would come and bring him tidings.

b. The action of remaining, staying, or dwelling in a place; a stay, a period of residence. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > [noun] > continued presence

bigginga1325

abidinga1387

bidingc1400

tarrying1445

arrestance1477

tarryc1480

remain1488

remaining1496

tarriance1530

stay1538

remainder1585

abidance1607

abide1615

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 183 (MED) Þese men..dradde also þat longe abidynge from home in werre..schulde make hem childrenlese.

c1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) ii. 234 (MED) Sche thankyd God þat ȝaf hym occasyon of abydyng, þow it wer a-geyns hys wille.

a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 131 (MED) The wordis that she sayde Of his abideng ther.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. i. i. f. i^v/2 Ane stabyll and permanent abydyng in the said regioun.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. li. 884 Her quiet and peaceable abiding in her cage.

1670 Aberd. B. Rec. 266 His abydeing in the schooll.

1756 J. Woolman Jrnl. (1971) i. 31 From an inward purifying, and steadfast abiding under it, springs a lively operative desire for the good of others.

1790 A. J. Dallas Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 1 243 There is an essential difference between residence and abiding in a particular place.

1808 W. Scott Marmion ii. xiv. 92 Nor long was his abiding there.

1854 P. Palmer Way of Holiness 146 I enjoy the constant visits of his [sc. God's] love, and have realized that these visitations—nay, these abidings of his presence—are indeed transforming.

1862 Jrnl. Sacred Lit. & Biblical Rec. July 398 It comprised the short stay at Troas, the voyage of a few days from Troas to Philippi, and the abiding there together.

1906 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 21 928 The building of cities for permanent abiding was..a work of the devil.

2004 D. A. Keating Appropriation Divine Life in Cyril of Alexandria vi. 247 The abiding of the Holy Spirit in the saints—which for Augustine implies the abiding of the entire Trinity—is the sine qua non of all human response to God.

†c. A place where a person stops or remains; a station, position. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxviii. sig. Ij The seconde station M, where ye shal now set the centre of your instrument, the diameter lying right agaynst your first abyding.

4. Continuance, duration, permanence, enduring; an instance of this. Cf. abide v. 12.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [noun] > continuance, duration

arrestc1386

continuance1393

tenor1398

lasta1400

lastinga1400

abiding?a1425

demur1533

remanence1558

subsistence1600

continualness1611

incessancy?1615

continuancy1621

uncessantness1627

mansion1637

subsistency1642

remanency1647

unintermissiveness1651

indesinency1657

continuation1664

unintermission1681

incessantness1727

unceasingness1727

unintermittingness1866

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. vii. 112 Yif ther were makyd comparysoun of the abydynge [L. mora] of a moment to ten thowsand wynter.

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 153 (MED) No þing abidiþ as for þe abiding of anoþer þing, but if þe oþire þing be it fully or a party of it.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xxx. C Oure life vpon earth is as a shadowe, and here is no abydinge.

1580 A. Golding Disc. Earthquake sig. Aiiij^v The suddaine falling, and vnwonted abiding of vnmeasurable abundance of Snow.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxix. 15 And there is none abiding .

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 26 It cannot be thought that two abidings or durations, to wit, time and everlastingness, should be together and not be the same abiding.

1715 J. Hawkins Cocker's Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Subsistance, Provisions. Also continuance, abiding.

1796 C. Pitt Ess. Philos. Christianity 36 In respect of evil objects their abiding and enduring depends on deficiency of ability in the opposer.

1851 F. A. Fuller & M. V. Fuller Poems of Sentiment & Imagination 58 Spirits through the earth are gliding, In the forest shadows hiding, Mourning for the short abiding Of earth's witching bloom.

1886 E. A. Freeman Methods Hist. Study v. 194 Doubtless the abiding of Latin as the accepted tongue for so many purposes in the Teutonic lands had an evil side.

1905 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 2 220 What must be said of the faith in the abiding of a truth which is never true—of anything, and never persists through time at all.

1937 M. F. Cleugh Time i. i. 25 Eternity, the notion of an endless abiding, of an escape from the flux of time, adds point and contrast to the former notions.

1991 Jrnl. Aesthetics & Art Crit. 49 322/2 The ‘abiding’ of wisdom suggests a permanence that relates it to a situation in time.

III. Senses relating to the action of suffering or tolerating. Cf. abide v. III.

5. Patience; endurance, forbearance; submission. Also with of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > forbearance or tolerance

mercya1225

tholea1325

patiencyc1350

patiencea1382

abidingc1384

sustentationc1384

tack1412

tolerancya1556

digesture1567

toleration1582

acceptance1586

forbearance1599

brooking1624

digestion1653

tolerance1765

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. ii. 4 Thou dispisist the richessis of his goodnesse and pacience and longe abidyng [L. longanimitatis].

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 419 (MED) Wel knew I þi cortaysye, þy quoynt soffraunce..Þy longe abydyng wyth lur.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 86 (MED) The whech grace he partuþe yn þre wayes..in way of gracyous abydyng..gracyous demyng..gracyous amendys makyng.

1541 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Olde Fayth sig. Dvi^v For all hys pacyent abydynge, they wolde not conuerte.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Patience, patience, abiding.

1753 J. Gast Rudim. Grecian Hist. xiii. 572 He was an Example to the whole Army by his intrepid Courage, and patient abiding of all Hardships.

1798 J. S. Clarke Naval Serm. 102 This was the uniform conduct of our illustrious mariner; who, in..the patient abiding of meekness,..advanced, with devout zeal, towards a high perfection in the virtues of Christianity.

1851 Internat. Mag. Lit., Art & Sci. Dec. 600/2 That which Mr. Carlyle looks to as the soul's greatest achievement—heroic nobleness of struggle and a calm abiding of the issue.

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone III. xxvii. 264 We have two weights, solid and (even in scale of manners) outweighing all light complaisance; to wit, the inborn love of justice, and the power of abiding.

a1950 E. St. Vincent Millay Coll. Poems (1956) 307 Above these cares my spirit in calm abiding Floats.

2007 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 16 Feb. 36 Abiding is no easy feat, especially not in a culture that is success-driven, instant-gratification-oriented, and pathologically impatient.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as †abiding day, abiding time, etc.

ΚΠ

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxviii. 11 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 171 (MED) Whilke es man [read min] abidinge dai [L. exspectatio mea]?

c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 117 (MED) With outyn abidyng tyme of xl dayes.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclvii^v The ylke herbes..with out great traueyle, great tylthe, and longe abidynge tyme, comen nat out of the erthe.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo i. xxi. 136 Two other ships hauing not staied there their abiding dayes..could not be found to haue deserued any fraight at all.

1707 Addit. Coll. Instruments & Forms in A. Justice Gen. Treat. Monies 41 That the said Ship,..shall with the first good Wind and Weather that God shall send, next after the Expiration of the said abiding Days,..directly sail from thence.

1831 H. J. Rose 8 Serm. v. 91 To look..beyond the narrow limits of his own abiding time of earth.

1856 New Eng. Farmer May 224/2 The view was of great extent, and had an air of quiet repose, fitly in character with the feelings that would tempt the construction there of a summer abiding spot.

1911 P. Radin tr. L. Ginzberg Legends of Jews III. 111 Sandalfon does not know the abiding spot of the Lord.

C2.

abiding house n. now historical an almshouse, a poorhouse; (also) a dwelling.

ΚΠ

1592–3 Act 35 Eliz. c. 7 §9 To the use of the Poore as for the Provision Sustentacion or Mayntenance of anye House of Correction or Abiding Houses.

1597–8 Stat. 39 Eliz. v An Acte for erecting of Hospitalles, or abiding and working Howses for the poor.

1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 369 On the East side of this lane standeth a large house, of auncient building, sometime belonging to the Abbot of S. Mary in Yorke, and was his abiding house when he came to London.

1881 Times 6 Dec. 4/2 A charity..for the benefit of certain poor persons, and styled a hospital or abiding-house for the poor in the parish of St. Nicholas.

1927 Eng. Hist. Rev. 42 166 In the event of any users of the town stock proving intractable, unwilling to work, spoiling or embezzling materials, a justice of the peace could, upon complaint, order the offender to an ‘abiding house’.

2001 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 6 July a13 ‘Indoor relief’ for the impotent poor was provided in abiding houses or almshouses.

abiding place n. a stopping or dwelling place.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [noun]

resteOE

worthineeOE

settlea900

wickc900

houseOE

erdinga1000

teld-stedec1000

wonningc1000

innOE

bewistc1200

setnessc1200

wanea1225

i-holda1250

wonec1275

wunselec1275

wonning-place1303

bigginga1325

wonning-stede1338

tabernaclea1340

siegec1374

dwelling-placec1380

lodgingc1380

seea1382

tabernaclea1382

habitationc1384

mansionc1385

arresta1400

bowerc1400

wonning-wanec1400

lengingc1420

tenementc1425

tentc1430

abiding placea1450

mansion place1473

domicile1477

lendingc1480

inhabitance1482

biding-place?1520

seat1535

abode1549

remainingc1550

soil1555

household1585

mansion-seata1586

residing1587

habitance1590

fixation1614

situation?1615

commoratorya1641

haft1785

location1795

fanea1839

inhabitancy1853

habitat1854

occupancy1864

nivas1914

downsetting1927

a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Douce 295) (1976) i. 175 (note) [a1500 Hunterian For oftyntymes manys body..changyth aftir þe disposicoun of þe eyr and of] hys abydyng place.

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxviii. sig. Ij A B C are the markes in the fielde to be measured, D the first abyding or standing place.

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) x. f. 124 And though wee lingring for a whyle our pageants doo prolong, Yit soone or late wee all too one abyding place [L. sedem..ad unam] doo rome.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xxi. 195 I being now well strengthened made no stay in that frigat, which I thought would have been my last abiding place in this world.

1767 tr. D. Cranz Hist. Greenland II. ix. 274 They that were born on the sea-coast, or on an island, do not chuse their abiding-place on the main land.

1794 R. Cumberland Jew i. i. 6 We have no abiding place on earth, no country, no home.

1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. i. 191 Here had the Chief Chosen his abiding place.

1879 E. Dowden Southey iii. 52 But his heart needed an abiding-place.

1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. vii. lxii. 281 He found meat and drink and a pleasant abiding place.

2002 Agric. Hist. 76 519 Paramount was the National Council's constitutional obligation to control land monopoly and secure an abiding place for all citizens.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

abidingadj.

Brit.

/əˈbʌɪdɪŋ/, U.S.

/əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

Forms: see abide v. and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: abide v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < abide v. + -ing suffix². Compare earlier abiding n., and also biding adj.

†1. That endures or stands firm; steadfast, unyielding. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective]

fasteOE

stathelfasteOE

anredOE

hardOE

starkOE

trueOE

steadfast993

fastredeOE

stithc1000

findyOE

stablea1275

stathelyc1275

stiffc1275

stablec1290

steel to the (very) backa1300

unbowinga1300

stably13..

firm1377

unmovablea1382

constantc1386

abidingc1400

toughc1400

sure1421

unmoblea1425

unfaintedc1425

unfaint1436

permanent?a1475

stalwartc1480

unbroken1513

immovable1534

inconcuss1542

unshaken1548

stout1569

unwavering1570

undiscourageable1571

fixed1574

discourageable1576

unappalled1578

resolute1579

unremoved1583

resolved1585

unflexiblea1586

unshakeda1586

square1589

unstooping1597

iron1598

rocky1601

steady1602

undeclinable1610

unboweda1616

unfainting1615

unswayed1615

staunch1624

undiscourageda1628

staid1631

unshook1633

blue?1636

true blue?1636

tenacious1640

uncomplying1643

yieldless1651

riveting1658

unshakened1659

inconquerable1660

unyielding1677

unbendinga1688

tight1690

unswerving1694

unfaltering1727

unsubmitting1730

undeviating1732

undrooping1736

impervertible1741

undamped1742

undyingc1765

sturdy1775

stiff as a poker1798

unfickle1802

indivertible1821

thick and thin1822

undisheartened1827

inconvertible1829

straightforward1829

indomitable1830

stickfast1831

unsuccumbing1833

unturnable1847

unswerved1849

undivertible1856

unforsaking1862

swerveless1863

steeve1870

rock-ribbed1884

stiff in the back1897

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 289 Bolde & abydynge bismeres to suffre.

a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 43 (MED) Innocentes, þe whiche neuer sinned deedly wiþ an abidyng [v.r. byding] wil & auisement, bot þorou freelte & vnknowyng.

1484 W. Cely Let. 14 Apr. in Cely Lett. (1975) 210 Yf the sewertys be of substaunce and abydyng then I wold avyse yow to take hem.

2. Lasting, enduring; long-lived; permanent. Now usually modifying an abstract noun.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring

longeOE

longsomeeOE

long of lifeOE

lastinga1225

cleaving1340

continualc1340

dwellingc1380

long-livinga1382

everlastingc1384

long-duringa1387

long-lasting?a1400

long-liveda1400

broadc1400

permanable?c1422

perseverant?a1425

permanentc1425

perdurable?a1439

continuedc1440

abiding1448

unremoved1455

eternalc1460

long-continued1464

continuing1526

long-enduring1527

enduring1532

immortal1538

diuturn?1541

veterated1547

resiant?1567

stayinga1568

well-wearinga1568

substantive1575

pertinacious1578

extant1581

ceaseless1590

marble1596

of length1597

longeval1598

diuturnal1599

nine-lived1600

chronic1601

unexhausted1602

chronical1604

endurable1607

continuant1610

indeflourishing1610

aged1611

indurant1611

continuatea1616

perennious1628

seculara1631

undiscontinueda1631

continuated1632

untransitory1632

long-spun1633

momently1641

stative1643

outliving1645

constant1653

long-descended1660

voluminousa1661

perduring1664

perdurant1671

livelong1673

perennial1676

longeve1678

consequential1681

unquenched1703

lifelong1746

momentary1755

inveterate1780

stabile1797

persistent1826

unpassing1831

all-time1846

year-long1846

teak-built1847

lengthful1855

long-term1867

long haul1873

sticky1879

week-to-week1879

perenduring1883

long-range1885

longish1889

long-time1902

long run1904

long-life1915

1448 Will of Henry VI in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 378 (MED) The most substancial and best abidyng stuffe of stone, ledde, glas, and yron.

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 52 (MED) Sum outward abidyng matter, as..an hous, a schipp.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique i His unspeakable and ever abidyng love towarde his Churche.

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. vi. f. 38 ^v We haue not here any abyding Citie or place of continuall dwelling.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients ii. 26 Till we have met with some right well conceived and stedfastly abiding Images.

1670 G. Harvey Little Venus Unmask'd (ed. 2) 111 These four symtomes threatning either a miserable death, or an abiding disgrace, require immediate help.

1715 R. Murrey Christ every Christian's Pattern 97 He lov'd Men with a constant and abiding Love.

1766 Compl. Farmer at Weed It [sc. darnel-grass] is likewise annual: whereas ray-grass has an abiding root.

1851 F. D. Maurice Prophets & Kings 81 The ark..was there as an abiding witness of an invisible presence.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 462 Witness to the abiding connexion between Normandy and the North.

1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness in Youth i. 53 We looked at the..stream..in the august light of abiding memories.

1991 Atlantic Nov. 11/1 It is not just ‘bad’ that there are no blacks in the Senate—it is disgraceful, and reflective of America's abiding elitism.

3. As the second element in compounds forming adjectives, with the sense ‘remaining true to, standing by (what is denoted by the first element)’.See also law-abiding adj., peace-abiding adj. at peace n. Compounds 1d.

ΚΠ

1854 A. V. Brown Speeches 313 What a commentary on the fraternal, Constitution-abiding spirit of the north!

1916 Mod. Philol. 14 87 The well-meant efforts of scores of rule-abiding schoolmasters all over Europe.

1954 Big Spring (Texas) Daily Herald 12 Nov. 8/4 Whether retail outlets sell only books from code-abiding publishers.

2004 Wanderlust June–July 56/3 Get a real feel for the city by wandering its hutongs , slim lanes that comprise an atmospheric labyrinth lined with feng shui-abiding homes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	abiding
释义	abidingn. Brit. /əˈbʌɪdɪŋ/, U.S. /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/ Forms: see abide v. and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English abideing, late Middle English habyddynge, 1600s abydeing (Scottish). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: abide v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < abide v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare earlier abode n.¹, and also biding n. Now archaic. I. Senses relating to the action of waiting or delaying. Cf. abide v. I. †1. The action of waiting at a certain point; stopping, pausing, hesitation; a pause, delay. Cf. abide v. 2a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] steadc1000 leathc1175 abiding1340 broklinga1400 pausation1422 pausing1440 interceasingc1450 suspensing?1504 suspending1524 intermission1526 leathing1535 suspensationc1571 intercession1572 suspense1584 abeyance1593 suspension1603 recession1606 interruption1607 recess1620 intercision1625 intercessation1659 intermittency1662 pretermission1677 break1689 cess1703 intermittence1796 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 173 (MED) Ne abyd naȝt þe to wende to god..uor þe abidinge is wel perilous. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 12^v Þey doþ al þing withoute abidinge and tariynge [L. sine more dilatione]. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2222 Quyte hem curteisly anoon Without abidyng. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxi. sig. o4 They shold smyte of sir Edmondes hede..withoute any maner abydyng or respite. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 256 (MED) Thei made no lenger abidinge but mette togeder fiercely. a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 711, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 212 Be gret apperans but langsum abyding. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum ii. ii. f. 3/1 They [sc. Angels] doe all thing without abiding or tarrieng. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. 277 All this multitude, the other Consull and the Pretor kept still at Rome; devising this cause, and that, of delaies and abiding behind. 2. The action of awaiting, expecting, or lying in wait for a person or thing; waiting, expectation; an instance of this. Now rare. ΚΠ c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) xxxviii. 11 (MED) And which is nou myn abydyng [L. expectatio]? a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xvii. 15 Wher is thanne now myn abiding [L. præstolatio]? a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Heb. x. 27 (MED) Þer is left agastful abydyng of dome. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 7555 That is al his abiding, Forto be wedded as a king. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxviii. 116 Fra myn abidynge shame me noght. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. III. lvi. f. 78^v/1 Thus in abydynge for the duke of Berrey and for the constable who were behynde. 1630 W. Gouge Expos. Fifth Chapter St. Iohns Gospell 9 The long time of their abiding and waiting here. a1691 E. Pococke Theol. Wks. (1740) II. iii. 121/2 The Prophet..adds certain conditions..which are, first, that she should abide for him many days, or literally, thou shalt sit to me, or for me, which is all one with abiding. 1812 J. Baillie Dream ii. iii, in Series of Plays III. 138 Any thing, that can be endured here, is mercy compared to the dreadful abiding of what may be hereafter. 1895 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 16 176 The action of awaiting, expecting or abiding was conceived as extended in time. 1992 F. Schroeder Form & Transformation iii. 46 Plotinus offers us a poetic and striking image of this act of quietness or abiding. II. Senses relating to the action of remaining or staying. Cf. abide v. II. 3. †a. A place where a person remains habitually or resides; a dwelling place, abode, habitation. Also in extended use. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 3 Esdras ix. 37 The sonus of Irael weren in ther abidingus [L. commorationibus; a1425 L.V. abidyngis]. a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 206 To-morow I muste make myn abidinge [a1460 anon. tr. dwellinge] in a hous fulle ferre hens. a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 4199 (MED) He toke the..way To his palys ther as his abideng was. 1561 Parker Certificates (CCCC 122) 62 He hathe beyn absente this ii yeares..not perfectlye knowen wheare his abydinge is. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1406/2 Neerenesse and commoditie of mens abidings. 1606 T. Dekker Newes from Hell sig. C2^v Get leaue for thy Ghost, to come from her abiding. 1658 E. Phillips Myst. Love & Eloquence 175 What is a Tinker?.. He is a moveable, for he hath no certain abiding. 1752 Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts 4th Ser. III. 425 He came..to view the Places, the Havens, the Provisions and Means, and Nearness and Commodity of Men's Abidings. 1787 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia in Writings (1984) 235 Queen Elizabeth..granted to him [sc. Walter Raleigh]..all the soil with 200 leagues of the places where his people should..make their dwellings or abidings. 1883 J. G. Whittier Songs of Three Cent. 20/1 Winds that have no abidings, Pitying their delay, Would come and bring him tidings. b. The action of remaining, staying, or dwelling in a place; a stay, a period of residence. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > [noun] > continued presence bigginga1325 abidinga1387 bidingc1400 tarrying1445 arrestance1477 tarryc1480 remain1488 remaining1496 tarriance1530 stay1538 remainder1585 abidance1607 abide1615 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 183 (MED) Þese men..dradde also þat longe abidynge from home in werre..schulde make hem childrenlese. c1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) ii. 234 (MED) Sche thankyd God þat ȝaf hym occasyon of abydyng, þow it wer a-geyns hys wille. a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 131 (MED) The wordis that she sayde Of his abideng ther. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. i. i. f. i^v/2 Ane stabyll and permanent abydyng in the said regioun. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. li. 884 Her quiet and peaceable abiding in her cage. 1670 Aberd. B. Rec. 266 His abydeing in the schooll. 1756 J. Woolman Jrnl. (1971) i. 31 From an inward purifying, and steadfast abiding under it, springs a lively operative desire for the good of others. 1790 A. J. Dallas Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 1 243 There is an essential difference between residence and abiding in a particular place. 1808 W. Scott Marmion ii. xiv. 92 Nor long was his abiding there. 1854 P. Palmer Way of Holiness 146 I enjoy the constant visits of his [sc. God's] love, and have realized that these visitations—nay, these abidings of his presence—are indeed transforming. 1862 Jrnl. Sacred Lit. & Biblical Rec. July 398 It comprised the short stay at Troas, the voyage of a few days from Troas to Philippi, and the abiding there together. 1906 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 21 928 The building of cities for permanent abiding was..a work of the devil. 2004 D. A. Keating Appropriation Divine Life in Cyril of Alexandria vi. 247 The abiding of the Holy Spirit in the saints—which for Augustine implies the abiding of the entire Trinity—is the sine qua non of all human response to God. †c. A place where a person stops or remains; a station, position. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxviii. sig. Ij The seconde station M, where ye shal now set the centre of your instrument, the diameter lying right agaynst your first abyding. 4. Continuance, duration, permanence, enduring; an instance of this. Cf. abide v. 12. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [noun] > continuance, duration arrestc1386 continuance1393 tenor1398 lasta1400 lastinga1400 abiding?a1425 demur1533 remanence1558 subsistence1600 continualness1611 incessancy?1615 continuancy1621 uncessantness1627 mansion1637 subsistency1642 remanency1647 unintermissiveness1651 indesinency1657 continuation1664 unintermission1681 incessantness1727 unceasingness1727 unintermittingness1866 ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii. pr. vii. 112 Yif ther were makyd comparysoun of the abydynge [L. mora] of a moment to ten thowsand wynter. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 153 (MED) No þing abidiþ as for þe abiding of anoþer þing, but if þe oþire þing be it fully or a party of it. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xxx. C Oure life vpon earth is as a shadowe, and here is no abydinge. 1580 A. Golding Disc. Earthquake sig. Aiiij^v The suddaine falling, and vnwonted abiding of vnmeasurable abundance of Snow. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxix. 15 And there is none abiding . View more context for this quotation 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 26 It cannot be thought that two abidings or durations, to wit, time and everlastingness, should be together and not be the same abiding. 1715 J. Hawkins Cocker's Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Subsistance, Provisions. Also continuance, abiding. 1796 C. Pitt Ess. Philos. Christianity 36 In respect of evil objects their abiding and enduring depends on deficiency of ability in the opposer. 1851 F. A. Fuller & M. V. Fuller Poems of Sentiment & Imagination 58 Spirits through the earth are gliding, In the forest shadows hiding, Mourning for the short abiding Of earth's witching bloom. 1886 E. A. Freeman Methods Hist. Study v. 194 Doubtless the abiding of Latin as the accepted tongue for so many purposes in the Teutonic lands had an evil side. 1905 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 2 220 What must be said of the faith in the abiding of a truth which is never true—of anything, and never persists through time at all. 1937 M. F. Cleugh Time i. i. 25 Eternity, the notion of an endless abiding, of an escape from the flux of time, adds point and contrast to the former notions. 1991 Jrnl. Aesthetics & Art Crit. 49 322/2 The ‘abiding’ of wisdom suggests a permanence that relates it to a situation in time. III. Senses relating to the action of suffering or tolerating. Cf. abide v. III. 5. Patience; endurance, forbearance; submission. Also with of. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [noun] > forbearance or tolerance mercya1225 tholea1325 patiencyc1350 patiencea1382 abidingc1384 sustentationc1384 tack1412 tolerancya1556 digesture1567 toleration1582 acceptance1586 forbearance1599 brooking1624 digestion1653 tolerance1765 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. ii. 4 Thou dispisist the richessis of his goodnesse and pacience and longe abidyng [L. longanimitatis]. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 419 (MED) Wel knew I þi cortaysye, þy quoynt soffraunce..Þy longe abydyng wyth lur. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 86 (MED) The whech grace he partuþe yn þre wayes..in way of gracyous abydyng..gracyous demyng..gracyous amendys makyng. 1541 M. Coverdale tr. H. Bullinger Olde Fayth sig. Dvi^v For all hys pacyent abydynge, they wolde not conuerte. 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Patience, patience, abiding. 1753 J. Gast Rudim. Grecian Hist. xiii. 572 He was an Example to the whole Army by his intrepid Courage, and patient abiding of all Hardships. 1798 J. S. Clarke Naval Serm. 102 This was the uniform conduct of our illustrious mariner; who, in..the patient abiding of meekness,..advanced, with devout zeal, towards a high perfection in the virtues of Christianity. 1851 Internat. Mag. Lit., Art & Sci. Dec. 600/2 That which Mr. Carlyle looks to as the soul's greatest achievement—heroic nobleness of struggle and a calm abiding of the issue. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone III. xxvii. 264 We have two weights, solid and (even in scale of manners) outweighing all light complaisance; to wit, the inborn love of justice, and the power of abiding. a1950 E. St. Vincent Millay Coll. Poems (1956) 307 Above these cares my spirit in calm abiding Floats. 2007 Chicago Sun-Times (Nexis) 16 Feb. 36 Abiding is no easy feat, especially not in a culture that is success-driven, instant-gratification-oriented, and pathologically impatient. Compounds C1. General attributive, as †abiding day, abiding time, etc. ΚΠ a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxviii. 11 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 171 (MED) Whilke es man [read min] abidinge dai [L. exspectatio mea]? c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 117 (MED) With outyn abidyng tyme of xl dayes. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclvii^v The ylke herbes..with out great traueyle, great tylthe, and longe abidynge tyme, comen nat out of the erthe. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo i. xxi. 136 Two other ships hauing not staied there their abiding dayes..could not be found to haue deserued any fraight at all. 1707 Addit. Coll. Instruments & Forms in A. Justice Gen. Treat. Monies 41 That the said Ship,..shall with the first good Wind and Weather that God shall send, next after the Expiration of the said abiding Days,..directly sail from thence. 1831 H. J. Rose 8 Serm. v. 91 To look..beyond the narrow limits of his own abiding time of earth. 1856 New Eng. Farmer May 224/2 The view was of great extent, and had an air of quiet repose, fitly in character with the feelings that would tempt the construction there of a summer abiding spot. 1911 P. Radin tr. L. Ginzberg Legends of Jews III. 111 Sandalfon does not know the abiding spot of the Lord. C2. abiding house n. now historical an almshouse, a poorhouse; (also) a dwelling. ΚΠ 1592–3 Act 35 Eliz. c. 7 §9 To the use of the Poore as for the Provision Sustentacion or Mayntenance of anye House of Correction or Abiding Houses. 1597–8 Stat. 39 Eliz. v An Acte for erecting of Hospitalles, or abiding and working Howses for the poor. 1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 369 On the East side of this lane standeth a large house, of auncient building, sometime belonging to the Abbot of S. Mary in Yorke, and was his abiding house when he came to London. 1881 Times 6 Dec. 4/2 A charity..for the benefit of certain poor persons, and styled a hospital or abiding-house for the poor in the parish of St. Nicholas. 1927 Eng. Hist. Rev. 42 166 In the event of any users of the town stock proving intractable, unwilling to work, spoiling or embezzling materials, a justice of the peace could, upon complaint, order the offender to an ‘abiding house’. 2001 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 6 July a13 ‘Indoor relief’ for the impotent poor was provided in abiding houses or almshouses. abiding place n. a stopping or dwelling place. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [noun] resteOE worthineeOE settlea900 wickc900 houseOE erdinga1000 teld-stedec1000 wonningc1000 innOE bewistc1200 setnessc1200 wanea1225 i-holda1250 wonec1275 wunselec1275 wonning-place1303 bigginga1325 wonning-stede1338 tabernaclea1340 siegec1374 dwelling-placec1380 lodgingc1380 seea1382 tabernaclea1382 habitationc1384 mansionc1385 arresta1400 bowerc1400 wonning-wanec1400 lengingc1420 tenementc1425 tentc1430 abiding placea1450 mansion place1473 domicile1477 lendingc1480 inhabitance1482 biding-place?1520 seat1535 abode1549 remainingc1550 soil1555 household1585 mansion-seata1586 residing1587 habitance1590 fixation1614 situation?1615 commoratorya1641 haft1785 location1795 fanea1839 inhabitancy1853 habitat1854 occupancy1864 nivas1914 downsetting1927 a1450 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (Douce 295) (1976) i. 175 (note) [a1500 Hunterian For oftyntymes manys body..changyth aftir þe disposicoun of þe eyr and of] hys abydyng place. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxviii. sig. Ij A B C are the markes in the fielde to be measured, D the first abyding or standing place. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) x. f. 124 And though wee lingring for a whyle our pageants doo prolong, Yit soone or late wee all too one abyding place [L. sedem..ad unam] doo rome. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xxi. 195 I being now well strengthened made no stay in that frigat, which I thought would have been my last abiding place in this world. 1767 tr. D. Cranz Hist. Greenland II. ix. 274 They that were born on the sea-coast, or on an island, do not chuse their abiding-place on the main land. 1794 R. Cumberland Jew i. i. 6 We have no abiding place on earth, no country, no home. 1805 R. Southey Madoc ii. i. 191 Here had the Chief Chosen his abiding place. 1879 E. Dowden Southey iii. 52 But his heart needed an abiding-place. 1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. vii. lxii. 281 He found meat and drink and a pleasant abiding place. 2002 Agric. Hist. 76 519 Paramount was the National Council's constitutional obligation to control land monopoly and secure an abiding place for all citizens. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). abidingadj. Brit. /əˈbʌɪdɪŋ/, U.S. /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/ Forms: see abide v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: abide v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < abide v. + -ing suffix². Compare earlier abiding n., and also biding adj. †1. That endures or stands firm; steadfast, unyielding. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective] fasteOE stathelfasteOE anredOE hardOE starkOE trueOE steadfast993 fastredeOE stithc1000 findyOE stablea1275 stathelyc1275 stiffc1275 stablec1290 steel to the (very) backa1300 unbowinga1300 stably13.. firm1377 unmovablea1382 constantc1386 abidingc1400 toughc1400 sure1421 unmoblea1425 unfaintedc1425 unfaint1436 permanent?a1475 stalwartc1480 unbroken1513 immovable1534 inconcuss1542 unshaken1548 stout1569 unwavering1570 undiscourageable1571 fixed1574 discourageable1576 unappalled1578 resolute1579 unremoved1583 resolved1585 unflexiblea1586 unshakeda1586 square1589 unstooping1597 iron1598 rocky1601 steady1602 undeclinable1610 unboweda1616 unfainting1615 unswayed1615 staunch1624 undiscourageda1628 staid1631 unshook1633 blue?1636 true blue?1636 tenacious1640 uncomplying1643 yieldless1651 riveting1658 unshakened1659 inconquerable1660 unyielding1677 unbendinga1688 tight1690 unswerving1694 unfaltering1727 unsubmitting1730 undeviating1732 undrooping1736 impervertible1741 undamped1742 undyingc1765 sturdy1775 stiff as a poker1798 unfickle1802 indivertible1821 thick and thin1822 undisheartened1827 inconvertible1829 straightforward1829 indomitable1830 stickfast1831 unsuccumbing1833 unturnable1847 unswerved1849 undivertible1856 unforsaking1862 swerveless1863 steeve1870 rock-ribbed1884 stiff in the back1897 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 289 Bolde & abydynge bismeres to suffre. a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 43 (MED) Innocentes, þe whiche neuer sinned deedly wiþ an abidyng [v.r. byding] wil & auisement, bot þorou freelte & vnknowyng. 1484 W. Cely Let. 14 Apr. in Cely Lett. (1975) 210 Yf the sewertys be of substaunce and abydyng then I wold avyse yow to take hem. 2. Lasting, enduring; long-lived; permanent. Now usually modifying an abstract noun. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring longeOE longsomeeOE long of lifeOE lastinga1225 cleaving1340 continualc1340 dwellingc1380 long-livinga1382 everlastingc1384 long-duringa1387 long-lasting?a1400 long-liveda1400 broadc1400 permanable?c1422 perseverant?a1425 permanentc1425 perdurable?a1439 continuedc1440 abiding1448 unremoved1455 eternalc1460 long-continued1464 continuing1526 long-enduring1527 enduring1532 immortal1538 diuturn?1541 veterated1547 resiant?1567 stayinga1568 well-wearinga1568 substantive1575 pertinacious1578 extant1581 ceaseless1590 marble1596 of length1597 longeval1598 diuturnal1599 nine-lived1600 chronic1601 unexhausted1602 chronical1604 endurable1607 continuant1610 indeflourishing1610 aged1611 indurant1611 continuatea1616 perennious1628 seculara1631 undiscontinueda1631 continuated1632 untransitory1632 long-spun1633 momently1641 stative1643 outliving1645 constant1653 long-descended1660 voluminousa1661 perduring1664 perdurant1671 livelong1673 perennial1676 longeve1678 consequential1681 unquenched1703 lifelong1746 momentary1755 inveterate1780 stabile1797 persistent1826 unpassing1831 all-time1846 year-long1846 teak-built1847 lengthful1855 long-term1867 long haul1873 sticky1879 week-to-week1879 perenduring1883 long-range1885 longish1889 long-time1902 long run1904 long-life1915 1448 Will of Henry VI in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 378 (MED) The most substancial and best abidyng stuffe of stone, ledde, glas, and yron. c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 52 (MED) Sum outward abidyng matter, as..an hous, a schipp. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique i His unspeakable and ever abidyng love towarde his Churche. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions i. vi. f. 38 ^v We haue not here any abyding Citie or place of continuall dwelling. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients ii. 26 Till we have met with some right well conceived and stedfastly abiding Images. 1670 G. Harvey Little Venus Unmask'd (ed. 2) 111 These four symtomes threatning either a miserable death, or an abiding disgrace, require immediate help. 1715 R. Murrey Christ every Christian's Pattern 97 He lov'd Men with a constant and abiding Love. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Weed It [sc. darnel-grass] is likewise annual: whereas ray-grass has an abiding root. 1851 F. D. Maurice Prophets & Kings 81 The ark..was there as an abiding witness of an invisible presence. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 462 Witness to the abiding connexion between Normandy and the North. 1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness in Youth i. 53 We looked at the..stream..in the august light of abiding memories. 1991 Atlantic Nov. 11/1 It is not just ‘bad’ that there are no blacks in the Senate—it is disgraceful, and reflective of America's abiding elitism. 3. As the second element in compounds forming adjectives, with the sense ‘remaining true to, standing by (what is denoted by the first element)’.See also law-abiding adj., peace-abiding adj. at peace n. Compounds 1d. ΚΠ 1854 A. V. Brown Speeches 313 What a commentary on the fraternal, Constitution-abiding spirit of the north! 1916 Mod. Philol. 14 87 The well-meant efforts of scores of rule-abiding schoolmasters all over Europe. 1954 Big Spring (Texas) Daily Herald 12 Nov. 8/4 Whether retail outlets sell only books from code-abiding publishers. 2004 Wanderlust June–July 56/3 Get a real feel for the city by wandering its hutongs , slim lanes that comprise an atmospheric labyrinth lined with feng shui-abiding homes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1340adj.c1400
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