lochn.¹

Brit.

/lɒx/,

/lɒk/, U.S.

/lɑk/,

/lɑx/, Scottish English

/lɔx/

Forms:

α. pre-1700 loche, pre-1700 loich, pre-1700 loiche, pre-1700 looch, pre-1700 louche, pre-1700 louchhis (plural), pre-1700 lovch, pre-1700 lowch, pre-1700 1700s– loch, pre-1700 1800s louch.

β. pre-1700 locht, pre-1700 loucht, pre-1700 lowcht.

Origin: A borrowing from Scottish Gaelic. Etymon: Scottish Gaelic loch.

Etymology: < Scottish Gaelic loch (Early Irish loch ), cognate with Gaulish loco- (in place names), apparently < the same Indo-European base as Old English lagu lay n.¹ Compare lough n.¹ and lough n.², and the discussion at these entries.Earlier currency is implied by the place name le Blaklouch, Bolden, Roxburghshire (a1325), which shows a compound formed within Scots.

Originally and chiefly Scottish.

A lake. Also: an inlet of the sea, esp. when narrow or partially landlocked; = sea-loch n. at sea n. Compounds 6a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun]

mereeOE

laya1000

lakec1275

poolc1275

watera1325

loughc1330

loch1427

broad1659

Mediterranean1661

Mediterrane1694

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea > in sea

fleetc893

pillOE

arm of the seaOE

sounda1300

lougha1387

bracec1400

lough1423

firthc1425

loch1427

resort1477

estuarya1552

inshot1555

mere1574

portlet1577

fret1587

frith1600

sea-gate1605

creek1625

sea-lochc1645

wick1664

fjord1674

voea1688

backwater1867

strait gulf1867

ocean-arm1871

ria1887

fjard1904

geo1934

1427 in W. Fraser Melvilles & Leslies (1890) III. 245 The said Johne..hafand fre vsche of water..fra the loch of Lochgelly.

c1480 (a1400) St. Blaise 309 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 370 Þe tyrand þane gert bynd hym fast, & in a depe locht hyme cast.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 430 In a nycht and in a day Cummyn owt-our ye louch ar yai.

1508 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 78 Nay litstaris..sall wesche thar stuf in the loche nor common rinelis [printed riuelis] of the toune.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1338 in Shorter Poems (1967) 86 But suddandly thay fell on sleuthfull sleip. Followand plesance, drynt in this loch of cair.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 40 Amang the Lochis or bosumis of the Sey.

1609 J. Skene tr. Crimes in Regiam Majestatem 146 Na greene lint, suld be laid in lochs, or running burnes.

1680 in W. Mure Select. Family Papers Caldwell (1854) I. 138 Thes are to give libertie to Lieutenant Cornell Cocharan to put a boat in the loch att Caldwall.

1726 in W. Macfarlane Geogr. Coll. Scotl. (1906) I. 212 They say the river is not sonsy nor yet the loch.

1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. II. xxii. 206 Winding Hollows between the Feet of the Mountains whereinto the Sea flows..Those the Natives call Lochs.

1785 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides 13 Sept. 1773, 244 Kingsburgh conducted us in his boat, across one of the lochs, as they call them, or arms of the sea.

1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Appin Extensive arms of the sea, which bear the name of lochs.

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 104 On eastern hills I see their smokes Mixed with mist by distant lochs.

1901 Longman's Mag. May 90 You may have heard friendly owls hooting to each other across a loch.

1961 Life 17 May 44/2 News came that the loch would be the first overseas base for U.S. Polaris-bearing nuclear submarines.

2012 J. Fagan Panopticon (2013) xix. 200 A help-boat is motoring up the loch.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

loch bed n.

ΚΠ

1886 Jrnl. Royal Hist. & Archæol. Assoc. Ireland 7 372 It was impossible to completely trace the piling on the side of the island which faces the ancient loch bed.

1983 New Scientist 24 June 872/2 Gas escaping from organic detritus on the loch bed..is not insignificant.

2010 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 25 June 3/4 The shells were..placed on the loch bed in some 30 feet depth of water.

loch fishing n.

ΚΠ

1785 J. Anderson Acct. Present State Hebrides 353 A loch-fishing is on all hands admitted to be a most precarious business.

1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 165 I do not care much for loch-fishing myself.

2010 Frommer's Scotl. 6/2 Loch fishing is also a popular pastime in the Orkneys.

loch foot n.

ΚΠ

1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags xlvi. 328 The lads..now lay quiet enough down in the copse-wood at the loch-foot.

2010 R. Turnbull Cairngorms (new ed.) 43 At the loch foot turn left across a footbridge to the Nature Centre hut.

C2.

loch head n. the end of a loch at which a river enters.Attested earliest as a place name.

ΚΠ

1545 in C. Innes Registrum Monasterii de Passelet (1832) App. 3 Et quatuor denariatas terrarum nostrarum de Glen vocatas lie Locheid cum pertinentiis.

1659 in Rothesay Town Council Rec. (1935) 996 At the head of a fauld of the locheid of Ascoge.

1839 W. E. Gladstone Let. 15 Aug. in Diaries (1968) II. 621 Set off..for Inversnaid, Loch Katrine & the Trossachs..two hours waiting at the Loch head.

1958 R. Cusack Cadenza (1984) 154 I shall expect you..over at the loch-head.

2015 R. Turnbull Walking in Southern Uplands 44 Keep ahead towards the loch head to find a small descending path.

loch leech n. a leech; esp. the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Hirudinea > member of (leech)

leecha900

water leechc1350

bloodsuckera1387

lough-leech1562

loch leech1579

sanguisuge1585

censur1597

leech-worm1794

hirudinean1835

sangsuea1849

snail-leech1865

1579 S. Novimola Despauterii Grammaticæ Institutionis Lib. VII (new ed.) ii. 42 Hirudo, ane Lochleiche.

1616 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 587 The Scottismen as loch-leitches..soukis out ȝour merche.

1715 A. Pitcairne Method of curing Small-pox in G. Sewell & J. T. Desaguliers tr. A. Pitcairne Wks. 271 In this case Blood is to be taken at the Arm, or with Loch-Leeches.

1829 J. Hogg Shepherd's Cal. I. 182 The gowk kens what the tittling wants, although it is not aye crying Give, give, like the horse loch-leech.

1947 F. W. Dowson Goathland 123 The medicinal leech, locally known as the ‘loch’ leech, was formerly very common in the marshy Randy Mere.

2000 F. W. Robertson Early Sc. Gardeners iv. 138 For curing smallpox, after bleeding with loch leeches, the patient was given syrup of white poppies to induce sleep.

loch maw n. rare the common gull, Larus canus; cf. maw n.³

ΚΠ

a1646 D. Wedderburn Vocabula (1685) 16 Larus, a loch maw.

1955 L. S. V. Venables & U. M. Venables Birds & Mammals Shetland vi. 306 Common gull (Larus canus). Breeds Shetland, Orkney and Faeroe (since 1890: increasing). Shetland names = Loch maa and Peerie [little] maa.

loch reed n. now rare a reed, spec. the common reed, Phragmites australis.

ΚΠ

1733 J. Love Two Grammatical Treat. i. 11 He may as well say, that there was not a Laurel-tree before Daphne, nor a Loch-reed before Syrinx: For so these words signify in the Greek.

1746 Caledonian Mercury 18 Dec. in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. 113/3 In one of the Lochs there is a great Plenty of Loch-Reed growing.

1829 A. Cunningham Magic Bridle in Anniversary 150 He chafes amid a rank of steeds, From ragworts formed and long loch reeds.

2003 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 18 The removal of the old roof was carefully recorded... Marram, loch reed, and heather were found to have been used as thatching materials.

loch trout n. a lake-dwelling salmonid fish; esp. the lake trout, Salmo trutta morpha lacustris.

ΚΠ

1802 J. Sinclair Ess. Misc. Subj. viii. 258/2 Red Loch Trout... White Loch Trout.

1904 S. R. Crockett Strong Mac x. 68 He had been turning half-a-dozen large loch trout, which chattered and buzzed in the pan.

2009 Times (Nexis) 17 Feb. 51 Summers in Scotland gave her a taste for fresh salmon and loch trout.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lochn.²

Brit.

/lɒx/,

/lɒk/, U.S.

/lɑk/,

/lɑx/

Forms: 1700s– loch, 1800s– lock.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from German. Etymon: German Loch.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < German Loch, which can denote any kind of cavity, although it has not been found in this specific sense (see lock n.²). Compare earlier lough n.³

Mining. Now rare.

A cavity in a rock or a mineral vein. Cf. vug n. See also lough n.³

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > cavity or opening

loch1767

vug1818

pipe1839

pocket1850

vogal1855

window1908

fenster1925

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave

covec950

denOE

cavec1220

rochea1300

spelunk13..

cavernc1374

cabin1377

speke1377

antruma1398

minea1398

thurse-house?c1450

crypt?a1475

vault1535

chamber1575

antre1585

underground1594

Peak1600

lustre?1615

open?1644

cunicle1657

subterranean1714

subterrane1759

loch1767

purgatory1797

vug1818

1767 D. W. Linden Exper. & Pract. Enq. Mineral Water Llangybi iv. 38 Amongst which, in lochs, small caverns, or openings, this white [metallic] earth very frequently appears.

1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 288 These open caverns are frequently met with in hard mineral veins, and they are generally called by miners lochs, or loch-holes.

1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 247 The swells or wider parts of the vein..remained unfilled, when the other parts had become so, and such are now sometimes found open, and are called Tick-holes, Jouph-holes, Druses, Nests, Lochs, &c.

1817 Trans. Geol. Soc. 4 439 Cavities, or locks as the miners call them, are frequently met with of all sizes, from that of a walnut to that of a small room.

1903 G. W. Lamplugh Geol. Isle of Man xii. 486 Gas- or water-filled cavities known as ‘lochs’ or ‘vughs’ are likewise frequent.

2011 P. Appleton in T. D. Ford Limestones & Caves Wales (new ed.) xx. 226/1 Many solution caverns, known locally as lochs or vughs, were intersected by the different drainage tunnels.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	loch
释义	lochn.¹ Brit. /lɒx/, /lɒk/, U.S. /lɑk/, /lɑx/, Scottish English /lɔx/ Forms: α. pre-1700 loche, pre-1700 loich, pre-1700 loiche, pre-1700 looch, pre-1700 louche, pre-1700 louchhis (plural), pre-1700 lovch, pre-1700 lowch, pre-1700 1700s– loch, pre-1700 1800s louch. β. pre-1700 locht, pre-1700 loucht, pre-1700 lowcht. Origin: A borrowing from Scottish Gaelic. Etymon: Scottish Gaelic loch. Etymology: < Scottish Gaelic loch (Early Irish loch ), cognate with Gaulish loco- (in place names), apparently < the same Indo-European base as Old English lagu lay n.¹ Compare lough n.¹ and lough n.², and the discussion at these entries.Earlier currency is implied by the place name le Blaklouch, Bolden, Roxburghshire (a1325), which shows a compound formed within Scots. Originally and chiefly Scottish. A lake. Also: an inlet of the sea, esp. when narrow or partially landlocked; = sea-loch n. at sea n. Compounds 6a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] mereeOE laya1000 lakec1275 poolc1275 watera1325 loughc1330 loch1427 broad1659 Mediterranean1661 Mediterrane1694 the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea > in sea fleetc893 pillOE arm of the seaOE sounda1300 lougha1387 bracec1400 lough1423 firthc1425 loch1427 resort1477 estuarya1552 inshot1555 mere1574 portlet1577 fret1587 frith1600 sea-gate1605 creek1625 sea-lochc1645 wick1664 fjord1674 voea1688 backwater1867 strait gulf1867 ocean-arm1871 ria1887 fjard1904 geo1934 1427 in W. Fraser Melvilles & Leslies (1890) III. 245 The said Johne..hafand fre vsche of water..fra the loch of Lochgelly. c1480 (a1400) St. Blaise 309 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 370 Þe tyrand þane gert bynd hym fast, & in a depe locht hyme cast. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 430 In a nycht and in a day Cummyn owt-our ye louch ar yai. 1508 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 78 Nay litstaris..sall wesche thar stuf in the loche nor common rinelis [printed riuelis] of the toune. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1338 in Shorter Poems (1967) 86 But suddandly thay fell on sleuthfull sleip. Followand plesance, drynt in this loch of cair. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 40 Amang the Lochis or bosumis of the Sey. 1609 J. Skene tr. Crimes in Regiam Majestatem 146 Na greene lint, suld be laid in lochs, or running burnes. 1680 in W. Mure Select. Family Papers Caldwell (1854) I. 138 Thes are to give libertie to Lieutenant Cornell Cocharan to put a boat in the loch att Caldwall. 1726 in W. Macfarlane Geogr. Coll. Scotl. (1906) I. 212 They say the river is not sonsy nor yet the loch. 1754 E. Burt Lett. N. Scotl. II. xxii. 206 Winding Hollows between the Feet of the Mountains whereinto the Sea flows..Those the Natives call Lochs. 1785 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides 13 Sept. 1773, 244 Kingsburgh conducted us in his boat, across one of the lochs, as they call them, or arms of the sea. 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Appin Extensive arms of the sea, which bear the name of lochs. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 104 On eastern hills I see their smokes Mixed with mist by distant lochs. 1901 Longman's Mag. May 90 You may have heard friendly owls hooting to each other across a loch. 1961 Life 17 May 44/2 News came that the loch would be the first overseas base for U.S. Polaris-bearing nuclear submarines. 2012 J. Fagan Panopticon (2013) xix. 200 A help-boat is motoring up the loch. Compounds C1. General attributive. loch bed n. ΚΠ 1886 Jrnl. Royal Hist. & Archæol. Assoc. Ireland 7 372 It was impossible to completely trace the piling on the side of the island which faces the ancient loch bed. 1983 New Scientist 24 June 872/2 Gas escaping from organic detritus on the loch bed..is not insignificant. 2010 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 25 June 3/4 The shells were..placed on the loch bed in some 30 feet depth of water. loch fishing n. ΚΠ 1785 J. Anderson Acct. Present State Hebrides 353 A loch-fishing is on all hands admitted to be a most precarious business. 1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 165 I do not care much for loch-fishing myself. 2010 Frommer's Scotl. 6/2 Loch fishing is also a popular pastime in the Orkneys. loch foot n. ΚΠ 1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags xlvi. 328 The lads..now lay quiet enough down in the copse-wood at the loch-foot. 2010 R. Turnbull Cairngorms (new ed.) 43 At the loch foot turn left across a footbridge to the Nature Centre hut. C2. loch head n. the end of a loch at which a river enters.Attested earliest as a place name. ΚΠ 1545 in C. Innes Registrum Monasterii de Passelet (1832) App. 3 Et quatuor denariatas terrarum nostrarum de Glen vocatas lie Locheid cum pertinentiis. 1659 in Rothesay Town Council Rec. (1935) 996 At the head of a fauld of the locheid of Ascoge. 1839 W. E. Gladstone Let. 15 Aug. in Diaries (1968) II. 621 Set off..for Inversnaid, Loch Katrine & the Trossachs..two hours waiting at the Loch head. 1958 R. Cusack Cadenza (1984) 154 I shall expect you..over at the loch-head. 2015 R. Turnbull Walking in Southern Uplands 44 Keep ahead towards the loch head to find a small descending path. loch leech n. a leech; esp. the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Hirudinea > member of (leech) leecha900 water leechc1350 bloodsuckera1387 lough-leech1562 loch leech1579 sanguisuge1585 censur1597 leech-worm1794 hirudinean1835 sangsuea1849 snail-leech1865 1579 S. Novimola Despauterii Grammaticæ Institutionis Lib. VII (new ed.) ii. 42 Hirudo, ane Lochleiche. 1616 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 587 The Scottismen as loch-leitches..soukis out ȝour merche. 1715 A. Pitcairne Method of curing Small-pox in G. Sewell & J. T. Desaguliers tr. A. Pitcairne Wks. 271 In this case Blood is to be taken at the Arm, or with Loch-Leeches. 1829 J. Hogg Shepherd's Cal. I. 182 The gowk kens what the tittling wants, although it is not aye crying Give, give, like the horse loch-leech. 1947 F. W. Dowson Goathland 123 The medicinal leech, locally known as the ‘loch’ leech, was formerly very common in the marshy Randy Mere. 2000 F. W. Robertson Early Sc. Gardeners iv. 138 For curing smallpox, after bleeding with loch leeches, the patient was given syrup of white poppies to induce sleep. loch maw n. rare the common gull, Larus canus; cf. maw n.³ ΚΠ a1646 D. Wedderburn Vocabula (1685) 16 Larus, a loch maw. 1955 L. S. V. Venables & U. M. Venables Birds & Mammals Shetland vi. 306 Common gull (Larus canus). Breeds Shetland, Orkney and Faeroe (since 1890: increasing). Shetland names = Loch maa and Peerie [little] maa. loch reed n. now rare a reed, spec. the common reed, Phragmites australis. ΚΠ 1733 J. Love Two Grammatical Treat. i. 11 He may as well say, that there was not a Laurel-tree before Daphne, nor a Loch-reed before Syrinx: For so these words signify in the Greek. 1746 Caledonian Mercury 18 Dec. in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. 113/3 In one of the Lochs there is a great Plenty of Loch-Reed growing. 1829 A. Cunningham Magic Bridle in Anniversary 150 He chafes amid a rank of steeds, From ragworts formed and long loch reeds. 2003 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 18 The removal of the old roof was carefully recorded... Marram, loch reed, and heather were found to have been used as thatching materials. loch trout n. a lake-dwelling salmonid fish; esp. the lake trout, Salmo trutta morpha lacustris. ΚΠ 1802 J. Sinclair Ess. Misc. Subj. viii. 258/2 Red Loch Trout... White Loch Trout. 1904 S. R. Crockett Strong Mac x. 68 He had been turning half-a-dozen large loch trout, which chattered and buzzed in the pan. 2009 Times (Nexis) 17 Feb. 51 Summers in Scotland gave her a taste for fresh salmon and loch trout. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lochn.² Brit. /lɒx/, /lɒk/, U.S. /lɑk/, /lɑx/ Forms: 1700s– loch, 1800s– lock. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from German. Etymon: German Loch. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < German Loch, which can denote any kind of cavity, although it has not been found in this specific sense (see lock n.²). Compare earlier lough n.³ Mining. Now rare. A cavity in a rock or a mineral vein. Cf. vug n. See also lough n.³ ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > cavity or opening loch1767 vug1818 pipe1839 pocket1850 vogal1855 window1908 fenster1925 the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > cave covec950 denOE cavec1220 rochea1300 spelunk13.. cavernc1374 cabin1377 speke1377 antruma1398 minea1398 thurse-house?c1450 crypt?a1475 vault1535 chamber1575 antre1585 underground1594 Peak1600 lustre?1615 open?1644 cunicle1657 subterranean1714 subterrane1759 loch1767 purgatory1797 vug1818 1767 D. W. Linden Exper. & Pract. Enq. Mineral Water Llangybi iv. 38 Amongst which, in lochs, small caverns, or openings, this white [metallic] earth very frequently appears. 1789 J. Williams Nat. Hist. Mineral Kingdom I. 288 These open caverns are frequently met with in hard mineral veins, and they are generally called by miners lochs, or loch-holes. 1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 247 The swells or wider parts of the vein..remained unfilled, when the other parts had become so, and such are now sometimes found open, and are called Tick-holes, Jouph-holes, Druses, Nests, Lochs, &c. 1817 Trans. Geol. Soc. 4 439 Cavities, or locks as the miners call them, are frequently met with of all sizes, from that of a walnut to that of a small room. 1903 G. W. Lamplugh Geol. Isle of Man xii. 486 Gas- or water-filled cavities known as ‘lochs’ or ‘vughs’ are likewise frequent. 2011 P. Appleton in T. D. Ford Limestones & Caves Wales (new ed.) xx. 226/1 Many solution caverns, known locally as lochs or vughs, were intersected by the different drainage tunnels. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹1427n.²1767
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lochn.1

Compounds

lochn.2

lochn.¹

lochn.²