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单词 long
释义

longn.2

Brit. /lɒŋ/, U.S. /lɔŋ/, /lɑŋ/
Forms: 1600s– long., 1900s– long (without point).
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: longitude n.
Etymology: Shortened < longitude n. (originally as a graphic abbreviation).
= longitude n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > longitude
longitudec1400
longtitude1578
length1581
long1693
1693 J. A. Barnard Bohun's Geogr. Dict. (new ed.) 74/1 A Promontory in Arabia Fælix, which lies next to Africa, in Long. 76.30.
1790 Calcutta Chron. 14 Jan. A fresh breeze at S.E. carried us round the cape being in lat. 34. 29. 21, and long. per chronometer 18.3.
1812 J. Purdy Mem. N. Atlantic Ocean iv. i. 128 Brasil Rock, in lat. 51° 10′, and long. 15° 58′..although its existence has been doubted..it was, however, seen in the year 1791.
1896 D. Wilson-Barker & W. Allingham Navigation 138 I run due west 150 miles, what are my lat. and long.?
1955 A. MacLean H.M.S. Ulysses xi. 195 Might as well send a signal to Trondheim giving our lat and long.
1971 J. W. Steward Snakes of Europe v. 129 It [sc. the grass snake] reaches..farthest east at about 110° Long, or possibly a little farther, in Asia.
2010 Chandlery & Clothing Catal. 5/3 Sends data about the identity of a ship, its name.., its lat and long, speed, course and heading.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

longadj.1n.1

Brit. /lɒŋ/, U.S. /lɔŋ/, /lɑŋ/
Forms:

α. Old English lanc- (in derivatives, rare), Old English lancg- (inflected form, rare), Old English langg- (inflected form, rare), Old English–Middle English (chiefly early or northern) (1700s– English regional (northern and north midlands) and Irish English (northern)) lang, late Old English lægne (accusative masculine, transmission error), early Middle English lagne (accusative masculine, transmission error), early Middle English lanng ( Ormulum), Middle English lange, Middle English langh, 1800s lhaung (Irish English (Wexford)), 1800s– leng (English regional (Yorkshire)), 1800s– lung (English regional (northern and north midlands)); Scottish pre-1700 laing, pre-1700 lange, pre-1700 launge, pre-1700 layng, pre-1700 1700s– lang.

β. Old English loncg- (in derivatives, rare), Old English– long, early Middle English lonc- (in derivatives), early Middle English longue, Middle English–1600s longe, 1500s longye, 1500s lounge.

See also lenger adj. and adv., lengest adj. and adv.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian long , lang , Old Dutch lang- (in place names; Middle Dutch lanc , Dutch lang ), Old Saxon lang (Middle Low German lanc ), Old High German lang (Middle High German lanc , German lang ), Old Icelandic langr , Old Swedish langer (Swedish lång ), Danish lang , long , langer (Danish lang ), Gothic laggs < the same Indo-European base as Middle Persian dranga- and classical Latin longus . This Indo-European base is apparently an ablaut variant (with nasal infix) of the base of Sanskrit dīrgha , Avestan darəγa- , Old Church Slavonic dlŭgŭ , Old Russian d′′lgyi (Russian dolgij ), Old Prussian ilga , adverb, Lithuanian ilgas , and (with secondary dental suffix) Albanian gjatë (earlier glatë , now regional), and also (with different ablaut grade) Hittite talugi- , ancient Greek δολιχός , all in sense ‘long’, although the exact morphological relationship between the various bases is uncertain; compare also (with different ablaut and prefix: see en- prefix2) ancient Greek ἐνδελεχής perpetual. Compare further (apparently from the same Indo-European base as the headword, but without the nasal and with different stem class) Gothic tulgus firm, persistent, and the adverbs Old English tulge strongly, firmly, Old Saxon tulgo very. Compare also ( < Latin) Anglo-Norman lung, lounge, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French lonc, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French long (10th cent.), Catalan llong (14th cent.), Spanish luengo (13th cent.), Portuguese longo (9th cent.), Italian lungo (13th cent.).Possible external influence. A number of early quotations for the adjective translate the French and Latin words, which have a similar semantic range and may also have influenced the English word in some cases (both in form and sense). The early Middle English variant longue may show influence from the feminine form Anglo-Norman and Old French longue (Middle French, French longue ). Form history. The β. forms largely reflect late Old English lengthening of a before ng , southern rounding of ā to open ō in Middle English, and subsequent shortening to o in late Middle English (compare forms of strong adj.). On spellings with o in Old English (reflected also by some early Middle English instances) see discussion at O n.1 Comparative and superlative forms. In Old English the comparative and superlative forms regularly show i-mutation caused by the respective suffixes (see lenger adj., lengest adj.). Reflexes of such forms with mutated stem are frequent in Middle English and still attested occasionally in early modern English. An analogical unmutated comparative form longer (also langer ) is found from at least the late 14th cent. and eventually superseded the inherited form lenger adj.; likewise the analogical superlative longest (also langest ), which is first attested in the 15th cent. Notes on specific senses. Uses with premodifying noun phrases in the accusative or genitive (see senses A. 2 and A. 7) are also found in other West Germanic languages from an early date (e.g. Middle Dutch, Middle Low German, and Middle High German). In early use, as in English, these expressions appear to be more common with reference to space (compare sense A. 2) than to time (compare sense A. 7). With sense A. 4 (with reference to liquids) compare Middle Dutch lanc (Dutch lang ), early modern German lang (17th cent. or earlier), all in sense ‘viscous, ropy’ (all rare in this sense), perhaps so called on account of the elongated drops such a liquid produces. In sense A. 9b (with reference to the pulse) probably originally after post-classical Latin pulsus longus (1535 or earlier); in the context of Chinese medicine compare also Chinese cháng mài ( < cháng long + mài pulse). In some uses as count noun short for noun phrases containing the adjective: in sense B. 3 short for long whist n.; in sense B. 4 short for long clothes n., long dress n., long trousers , etc.; in sense B. 5 short for long vacation n. Use in names. Attested early in bynames (with reference to physical height: see sense A. 1b), as Eadweard se langa (11th cent.: see quot. OE at sense A. 1b), Ætheric þes langa (a1150; in genitive), Johannes le Lange (1327), etc. Compare also Henrico le Long (1301), although it is unclear whether this should be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word, and Roger le Loung (1292), probably showing the Anglo-Norman word. Compare further Old Icelandic langr, also used as byname (especially in weak form inn langi).
A. adj.1 In general, the opposite of short adj.
I. Senses relating to spatial measurement.
1.
a. Measuring a great distance from end to end; extensive in length.Formerly often in †long and large (see large adj. 4), sometimes applied to immaterial things.
(a) Of a line, distance, journey, etc.When used of a journey, there is often some blending with sense A. 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adjective] > long
longsomeeOE
fara1000
longOE
prolixa1500
of length1597
prolixious1599
lengthful?1611
tediousa1616
distanta1645
longinquous1670
long-drawn1726
lengthy1760
prolongated1776
OE Daniel 68 Gelæddon eac on langne sið Israela cyn, on eastwegas to Babilonia.
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 394 Aris hraðe and et, þu hæfst swyþe langne weg.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1633 Longe weie he siðen ouer-cam.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale (Ellesmere) (1873) Prol. l. 1223 Ther is a long and large difference Bitwix Grisildis grete pacience And of my wyf the passyng crueltee.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark v. f. xlv Put hereto the long rowes of torch-bearers.
1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 18 They doe as it were entyse and allure men to follow them, till they be drawne a long distaunce from theyr neastes.
1675 H. Teonge Diary (1825) 42 All the last night wee were becalmed, but this morning a fayre gale, which carrys us smoothly over this longe stretch.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 359 He took a long and large journey, with intentions not to return to his native Country, till he had spent 10 years in travelling to and fro.
1715 C. Johnson Country Lasses ii. i. 20 Here you have dragled me a long way.
1793 R. Polwhele Hist. Devonshire II. 6 The long lines..of elm-trees..that run through our hedge-rows to a great extent.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. viii. 279 A long row of small houses fronting on the street, and opening at the back upon a common yard.
1893 G. E. Matheson About Holland 37 The long low line of the Dutch coast.
1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 168 ‘Few people nowadays walk from end to end of this country.’.. ‘The greater their loss. I know nothing better than the Long March when your feet have hardened.’
1934 K. A. Porter Let. 23 May (1990) ii. 103 We had been shunted a long distance back from the station.
2000 J. Harris Blackberry Wine (2001) xxiii. 117 A church between two rows of linden trees, then a long road down to the river.
(b) Of an area of space or a material object, typically with reference to the greatest dimension.In cases where an object has an established orientation, possessing an obvious front, back, sides, etc., long may denote the distance from front to back whether or not this is the greatest dimension (denoted instead by wide, deep, etc.).
ΚΠ
eOE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 14 He sæde þeah þæt [þæt] land sie swiþe lang norþ þonan.
OE tr. Vitas Patrum in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 202 Bogan hangodan on hiora eaxlum, and hig bæron lange sceaftas.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 219 Foure þinges..man find ilome on gerde þat he be riht and smal and long and smeþe.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8481 A gyn þat me sowe clupeþ hii made..Muche folc Inne vor to be boþe wid & long.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8079 Lang [Trin. Cambr. longe] and side þair brues wern.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 172 (MED) The kyngdom of Mede..is full long but it is not full large.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) li. 74 A long gowne, two kyrtells & two cottes hardyes.
a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 Thair is bot lys and lang nailis ȝow amang.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 787 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 119 Mak..A lang spere of a betill for a berne bald.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxxiv (note) Midas, the Poetes faine to haue longe eares.
1614 D. Dyke Myst. Selfe-deceiuing ii. 27 To weare long haire is commonly a badge of a royster, or ruffian.
1682 Heraclitus Ridens 14 Feb. 1/1 A White Staff..would much better please the scribling Clown; and we'l help him to a long long one.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. i. 5 I have not been able yet to laugh him out of his long bib and beads.
1781 W. Cowper Let. 28 May (1979) I. 485 You seldom complain of too much Sunshine..the South walk in our long garden will exactly suit you.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. xi. 80 Their Hebe eyes brighter with enthusiasm, and long hair in beautiful dishevelment.
1876 Our Dumb Animals Jan. 63/1 It was a long field, and gayly he walked across it.
1900 Q. Rev. Oct. 350 These famous galleys were long low rowing boats of the ancient pattern.
1955 Pop. Mech. Feb. 108 (caption) Sections placed end to end form one long building.
2009 J. Struthers Red Sky at Night 31 Muntjac deer have long, pointed muzzles and big, spoon-like ears.
b. With reference to height: tall. Now chiefly regional.Sometimes as an epithet with a proper name, e.g. Long Meg, Long Tom, Long Will.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily height > tallness > [adjective]
higheOE
longeOE
elegant1516
tall1530
procere1542
tallish1748
towering1756
sesquipedalian1857
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. xiii. 144 Cwæð þæt he wære long on bodige [L. uir longae staturae].
OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 273 Þa gyt on orde stod Eadweard se langa.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3173 Cniht he wes swiðe strong..muchel and long.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8526 Þilke [read þikke] mon he was inou bote he was noȝt wel long.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 148 I haue lyued in londe..my name is longe wille.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 86 The treen theron light, fertil, faire, & longe.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. xv. 676 Tamarisk is a little tree or plant as long as a man.
1588 Acct.-bk. W. Wray in Antiquary (1896) 32 54 Bought of lounge Tome the 23 of aprill [etc.].
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Deut. ii. 21 A great and huge people, and of long stature.
1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden xi. 40 Pride of sappe makes proud, long and streight growth.
c1650 (a1461) John the Reeve l. 255 in J. W. Hales & F. J. Furnivall Bp. Percy's Folio MS (1868) II. 568 ‘What long ffellow is yonder’, quoth hee, ‘that is soe long of lim and lyre?’
1769 Public Advertiser 21 Sept. Peter Brenan, who was five Feet six Inches high,..used to be called Long Meg of Westminster.
1795 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 788 Wi' the burn stealing under the lang, yellow broom.
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xii. 195 Lang John Mucklewrath the smith. View more context for this quotation
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxvii. 47 Sir, 'twas a long lean suitor.
1886 J. J. H. Burgess Shetland Sketches & Poems 20 He's a braw lang sheeld.
1929 J. Burke Pop. Songs 19/2 The partners were Kielley And long Denis Doyle.
1989 C. Dexter Wench is Dead xxxiii. 164 Yes, Liz Stride. They called her ‘Long Liz’—so much taller than all the other women in the work-houses.
2003 Express (Trinidad & Tobago) 1 Mar. 30 And long like Michael Jordan.
c. Qualifying a noun denoting a measure of length, to indicate a distance or extent greater than that typically expressed by the noun. Cf. sense A. 9.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [adjective] > of a unit: greater than usual length
longa1300
geometrical?a1475
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adjective] > long > longer than standard
longa1300
a1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Vitell.) (1966) l. 206 About Babiloyne..Sixti longe mile & tene.
c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 12 (MED) A grete brigg of ston a long myle fro þe ȝate.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ci The Englishemen had gone fiue long myle and were nowe come to the subberbes of the toune.
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. xxij. f. 32v Well twoo long feete wythin the boyling water.
1619 in R. S. Ferguson & W. Nanson Munic. Rec. Carlisle (1887) 278 [Buying] harden cloath in the merkett with a longe yeard and selling the same againe with a short yeard.
c1646 True Relation in S. Glover Hist. County of Derby (1829) I. App. 63 His Major..was forced to retreate in the night to Derby, being vi. long miles.
1715 C. Johnson Country Lasses i. i. 5 Now here we must travel seven Miles, seven long Miles at least, to a beggarly Country Village, which you pompously style our Market Town.
1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 7 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 131 We think na on the lang Scots miles..That lie between us and our hame.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain II. xi. 245 I discovered that we were still two long leagues distant from Corcuvion.
1873 H. Russell Biarritz & Basque Countries xv. 144 Two long miles from Motrico, out of sight of the sea, take you to Ondarroa.
1912 Nebraska Rep. 90 311 This corner..was ‘a long mile’ west of the northeast corner of the section.
1953 Rotarian Apr. 44/2 To report that T. A. Ganung..believes in attending Rotary is understating a fact by a long mile.
2002 M. Cioc Rhine ii. 27 Some stretches of the river have been shortened by engineers since the kilometer signs were posted, while others have elongated themselves... There are, therefore, numerous ‘short’ and ‘long’ kilometers.
d. Of action, vision, etc.: acting at or extending to a great distance. Cf. long sight n. at Compounds 4a, long shot n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adjective] > long > of vision, range, etc.
long1567
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 113v The longe viewe of her proporcion of maiestie vnseelyng hes eyes, lent hym also a countercharme to take away the misterie of his hiddeus traunce.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xiv. 163 Man hath not so long a sight,..to transporte his eyes..in so short a time.
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ezek. xvii. 3 A great eagle with great winges, with a long reach of members [L. longo membrorum ductu].
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 384 But mighty Jove cuts short, with just Disdain, The long, long Views of poor, designing Man!
1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Apr. vii. 72 By a long Throw, and by repeating such a Throw, Pease and Beans may be made to answer pretty near of one Size.
1817 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 316/1 One whose soul seems to have a long reach into the distant vista of licentiousness.
1896 W. Park Game of Golf 269 Screamer, a very long stroke, so called from the whistling noise made by the ball.
1949 M. S. Shaw & E. D. Farrant Taieri Plain 15 Their first home on ‘Invermay’, a ‘soddie’ with a long, long view of swamps.
2011 Daily Mail (Nexis) 21 Mar. Gareth Bale can do everything, he can even take long throw-ins.
e. colloquial. Of a drink: served in a tall glass. Hence: designating a large measure of drink requiring such a glass, as long beer, etc.; spec. designating a large measure of mixed drink with relatively little alcoholic content, or a large soft drink, as contrasted with a measure of strong alcoholic drink typically served in a short glass (cf. short adj. 14).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > large or generous
long1788
stiff1883
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun] > a drink of > large drink
pulla1500
rousea1593
load1594
carouse1599
elbow-healtha1627
skinful1788
swag1819
nor'-wester1835
long beer1892
snootful1918
1788 G. Wilson Coll. Masonic Songs 4 There once was a mason who lov'd a long drink.
1859 A. Trollope West Indies iii. 47 A long drink is taken from a tumbler, a short one from a wine-glass.
1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 61 He stepped into a bar and called for a long beer.
1950 J. Whitworth Otago Interval 9 A noisy bar and he-men slogging down long beers.
1987 C. Achebe Anthills of Savannah v. 54 Mad Medico pours out two long gins.
2009 J. Hehir Bedbugs vi. 226 He sat in the business lounge with a long orange juice and checked his emails.
2.
a. With a premodifying noun phrase consisting of a noun denoting an absolute measure of distance premodified by a numeral or quantifier.
(a) Of a specified length.In Old English with the measure (and sometimes also the numeral) in the genitive.
ΚΠ
OE Genesis A (1931) 1308 Þu þær [read þæt] fær gewyrc fiftiges wid, ðrittiges heah [and] þreohund lang elngemeta.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. iii. 30 Þæt ealond on Wiht..is þrittiges mila lang east & west, & twelf mila brad suð & norð.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 6 Fram souþe to norþ he [sc. England] is long eiȝte hondred Mile & tuo hundred mile brod.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 192 Hir yelow heer was broyded in a tresse Bihynde hir bak a yerde long.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 5 Þe table..was a fote and a halfe lang.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) l. 3433 (MED) Right smale meyne. Þei ben a spanne longe and no more.
?1545 C. Langton Introd. Phisycke v. f. xxxv The fyrst..is called Duodenum, bycause it is .xii. ynches longe.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 4 The lenth..seuin hundir thousand pace lang, or thair about.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. v. 77 Four Inches broad, and seven Foot long.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 395/2 The size for makeing of Brick are 10 Inches long, 5 broad, and 3 thick.
1740 R. Brookes Art of Angling ii. lxxix. 201 The Sea-Serpent..is commonly about five Foot long.
1786 T. Baldwin Airopaidia xxxiii. 152 It was a large Tract of unenclosed wet Land, above four Miles long and above two broad.
1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 293 The aqueduct of the cochlea is a small canal, about a quarter of an inch long.
1893 T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea iii. 30 Its body was nine centimètres long and three deep.
1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 66 Scales enlarge when spring growth begins; the inner scales become an inch and a half long.
1941 I. B. Hall in J. F. Dobie et al. Texian Stomping Grounds 146 A line several yards long was made on the ground with boards or sticks.
1966 R. S. Heinlein Moon is Harsh Mistress (1967) 103 Authority's 3-g catapult was almost one hundred kilometres long.
2012 Tennishead Apr. 18/1 A padel tennis court is 20 metres long with glass panels at each end.
(b) Following a postmodifying of-phrase expressing an amount of length (equivalent to ‘in length’: e.g. of three inches long ‘of three inches in length’). Cf. of prep. 49b.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xcv. 877 Phyladech made þerof an ymage of foure cubite longe [L. quattuor cubitorum].
1438 Will in Norfolk Archaeol. (1855) 4 330 (MED) I owe hym for a pece of dyapr of x yardes long of Table Cloth.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. ii. 20 Shal the women then eate their owne frute, euen children of a spanne longe?
1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 10 Comming out of the water, she rowleth hir selfe into a yellow cloth of 14 braces long.
c1612 W. Strachey Hist. Trav. Virginia (1953) i. v. 73 A lock of an ell long, which they annoynt often with walnut oyle.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva xii. 30 These Hedges are..kept in order with a Sythe of four foot long.
1735 B. Franklin Protection of Towns from Fire 4 Feb. in Papers (1960) II. 14 Officers appointed by Law, called Firewards, who are distinguish'd by a Red Staff of five Feet long, headed with a Brass Flame.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 42 At Touraine, in France..there is a plain of about nine leagues long, and as many broad.
1802 Naval Chron. 8 383 Covids, of fourteen and a half inches long.
1897 D. Butler Church & Parish Abernethy i. 17 The western side has a sea-frontage of 1500 feet long.
1937 P. Rodzianko Mod. Horsemanship iii. 94 An ordinary Irish martingale has two rings that are connected with a leather strap, of about three inches long.
1997 J. Wilson Coarse Fishing Method Man. (1998) 143/1 Those lovely little baby calamari of about 4–6 inches long.
(c) attributive. Designating a thing of the specified length. Often hyphenated, with the premodifying noun in the singular or plural.Recorded earliest in yard-long adj. at yard n.2 Compounds 1b(b).For more established compounds, as inch-long, mile-long, etc., see the first element.
ΚΠ
1676 J. Dryden in G. Etherege Man of Mode Epil. 96 The yard long Snake he twirls behind.
1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 182 The same common half Inch long Foot-Stalk.
1798 G. Mitchell tr. D. L. G. Karsten Descr. Minerals in Leskean Mus. I. 201 A large, four and an half-inch long, three and an half broad, and one and three fourths thick, fragment of Lamellar Common Salt.
1847 T. Ross tr. J. J. von Tschudi Trav. Peru xiv. 433 More formidable than the two snakes just described..is the brown, ten-inch long viper.
1876 J. Greenwood Low-life Deeps 177 A thirty feet long, substantial scaffold cord.
1914 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 89 421 A vertical, 50-centimetre-long porcelain tube.
1975 N.Y. Mag. 28 July 62/2 Albi..shipped the three-metre-long canvas to the town of Blaye.
2012 D. Preston Dark Defile i. 12 The six-hundred-mile-long Hindu Kush.
b. Expressing relative length: having (more, less, or a specified) extent from one end to the other.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adjective] > having (more or less) length
longc1200
lengtheda1513
c1200 (?OE) Grave (1890) l. 4 Hit nes no idiht, ne þeo deopnes imeten; Nes ȝyt iloced, hu long hit þe were.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1667 I sal þe tell hou lang, hou brade..it sal be made.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxxiiiv No longer quantitie, then that a man myght easely put thorough his arme.
1588 C. Lucar tr. N. Tartaglia 3 Bks. Shooting xxiii. 44 The line F is longer than the line E.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 131 A cloake as long as thine will serue the turne. View more context for this quotation
1651 P. Armin tr. F. Glisson et al. Treat. Rickets xiii. 127 If it happen that the Shin-bone be longer than the lesser bone.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 17. ⁋1 I am a little unhappy in the Mold of my Face, which is not quite so long as it is broad.
1787 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) I. 42 Larger leaf of the fence just as long as the spike.
1822 F. Hamilton Acct. Fishes Ganges 226 The uppermost of the rays..is as long as the fin.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. ii. 240 The waves which produce red [light] are longer than those which produce yellow.
1936 R. C. Murphy Oceanic Birds S. Amer. I. ii. 323 South America..is the longest mass of land lying in the relatively open oceans of the southern hemisphere.
1957 F. E. Adcock Greek & Macedonian Art of War iii. 31 The trireme was rowed by many oarsmen..and yet was not much longer than the penteconter with its fifty rowers.
2004 P. Palin Craft of Wild Witch v. 228 I wonder how long the rope is.
c. Extending to. rare after 17th cent.In later use coloured by sense A. 1a.
ΚΠ
1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 52v Hys [sc. a cameleon] sydes bee euen longe to the nether parte of hys wombe, as it were a fishe.
c1610–15 tr. St. Ambrose Life St. Agnes in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 148 There appeared before her a verie cleare white garment long to her foote, which she taking putt on her naked bodie.
1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 338 The Hair of his Head auburne, long to his Shoulders, but curling up.
1929 G. Seldes You can't print That! iii. viii. 219 Khaki-clad soldiers move in line like centipedes, their coats long to the ground.
2012 M. Hart All Fall Down xix. 143 Now Josiah's staring at her with a smile on his face, his hair long to his shoulders.
d. As a trade term: designating an item of clothing, or a category of such items, that is longer than average for its specific chest or waist measurement. Often in conjunction with another measurement, and usually opposed to regular (cf. regular adj. 6e), short.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > of specific length
foot-sideOE
sideOE
long-side1575
sidelong1575
nock-shorn1632
talarian1671
three-quarter1713
overknee1831
talaric1853
high water1856
ankle-length1876
long1882
hip-length1893
knee-length1895
thigh-length1895
fingertip1920
mid-calf1931
wrist-length1935
floor-length1939
cropped1954
waltz-length1958
two-thirds1963
calf-length1965
midi1968
1882 Chicago Tribune 23 May 1/5 (advt.) We have three sets of patterns—the regular size, fat size, long size.
1908 W. H. Baker Dict. Men's Wear 232 Sizes..are classified as regular, long,..short-stout, corpulent [etc.].
1940 Good Housek. (N.Y.) July 98/2 When buying slacks: Be sure of waist measure and whether the wearer is ‘short’ or ‘long’ type.
1980 Freemans Catal. Spring–Summer 393 Slightly flared jeans in fine cord... Regular inside leg 32 in... Long inside leg 34 in.
2009 M.-L. Jacobsen Art of Retail Buying vii. 118 Men's suits..come in a range of sizes: short, regular, long and extra-long.
3. With reference to shape: having the length much greater than the breadth or width; elongated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [adjective]
longOE
eavelonga1387
long-warpeda1400
oblong?a1425
long-shaped1575
longwise1600
oblongish1665
elongate1828
elongated1828
oblongitudinal1892
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Harl. 585) (O.E.D. transcript) (1984) cl. 192 Ðeos wyrt..hafað ðynne stelan & langne.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxvi. 1011 The leues [of the palm tree] beth longe and playne and þikke.
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 84v (MED) Þe long lettrure of þe a.b.c. þe whiche is clepe I.
c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 107v If þe fourme of þe wounde be round, it schal be brouȝt in to a longer fourme.
1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount vi. f. 107 The white [borax] is in little longe pieces.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxxii. 44 Diuers sortes of herbes, whose seedes be long & sharpe like to a Hearons beake.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. iii. 30 Bear'st thou her face in mind? is't long or round? View more context for this quotation
1654 J. Cooper Art of Cookery 131 These Pies must either be long or square, and not so deep, for your Salmon baketh best split.
1739 W. Markham Gen. Introd. to Trade & Business (ed. 2) iii. 205 An Oval or Ellipsis, differs from a Circle, as an Oblong does from a Square; and is (if you please) a long Circle.
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlvi. 261 Proportion..Long (Longa). Disproportionably long throughout.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. IV. 1245 French long and square cashmeres.
1907 E. von Arnim Fräulein Schmidt xiii. 57 Her long respectable face and oiled-down hair.
1995 C. Taylor Creative Bead Jewelry 34/1 Mix up the beads, including some long beads and some rows of short ones.
4. Of an item of food or drink, esp. alcoholic liquor: having a viscous or slimy consistency, esp. as the result of bacterial activity; ropy. Now only in longlick n., long sweetening n. at Compounds 4a. See also long ink n. at Compounds 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [adjective] > specifically of liquids > forming or containing thread-like parts
roping1440
ropy1467
roped?1489
long1569
stringy1694
thready1733
thongy1847
1569 Court Bk. Broughton & Canongate (1937) 21 The said Allane Watsoun..failyeit in..deliverance of the saidis twa tunnis wyne except onlie ane pype lang wyne thairof.
a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 114 There let it [sc. the wort] stand till it begin to blink, and grow long like thin Syrup.
1682 Art & Myst. of Vintners 69 Sack that is lumpish or long.
1767 London Mag. Dec. 607/1 Long malt, fit only for a foreign market.
II. Senses relating to serial extent or duration.
5.
a. Of spoken or written discourse: great in extent from beginning to end.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > long
longOE
OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 47 Þa forswelgað wydywyna hus, hiwgende lang gebed [L. simulantes longam orationem].
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 70 Ðis godspel is langsum, and hæfð longne traht.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 54 Eue heold iparais long tale wið þe neddre.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2102 But shortly to the poynt than wol I wende And maken of my longe tale an ende.
c1425 Concordance Wycliffite Bible in Speculum (1968) 43 270 Sum long text of þe Newe Lawe.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 22 What shuld auayll yf herof I shuld make a longe tale.
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. liiv Answere a longe Boke in space of one paper lefe.
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 39 This long speach of Chrysostome.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xii. 530 They are much addicted to Poetrie, and make long Poems of their warres, huntings, and loues,..in rithme, like the vulgar Italian Sonnets.
1679 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 1st Pt. ii. 65 Of all this Sir Francis Brian wrote a long account in cipher.
1712 P. Stanhope in Countess of Suffolk Lett. (1824) I. 2 You do not know what you ask when you would have me write long letters.
1783 Monthly Rev. June 504 The art of polishing language, breaking long sentences, and working up an imperfect draught into a highly finished performance.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lx. 541 He ain't like old Veal, who is always bragging and using such long words, don't you know?
1882 M. Oliphant Lit. Hist. Eng. I. v. 230 The three long volumes of poetry which Miss Seward left behind her.
1916 S. Leacock Further Foolishness 194 He bored me blue with long accounts of his visit to Servia.
1950 D. Thomas Let. 10 Jan. (1987) 740 I..wrote a long, but not, I hope, too ponderous, address.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 June 4/4 The conclusion to this very long book is even-handed.
b. Of a person's ancestry: consisting of many generations of (esp. identified or notable) individuals; capable of being traced back to the distant past.
ΚΠ
1571 R. Reynolds Chron. Noble Emperours f. 73v What auayled the longe race of the Assyrian Princes to Sardanapalus?
1585 C. Fetherston tr. J. Calvin Comm. Actes Apostles (ii. 23) 42 The Jewes who made boast of their long stock and race.
1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars f. 46 Nor doe I forge my long descent to runne From aged Neptune.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wales 7 Some English-men make a mock of their [sc. Welsh gentlemen's] long pedigree.
1700 J. Hopkins Amasia II. i. 3 From a long Line of Noble Blood she Sprung.
1758 Dowager in R. Dodsley Coll. Poems by Several Hands VI. 264 She felt superior; for from ancient race She gloried her long ancestry to trace.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed i, in Tales Crusaders I. 12 They made small account of the long descent of the Welch prince.
1891 Our Day July 31 This man came from a long ancestry trained to high intellectual endeavor and to honesty.
1903 Reader Sept. 365/2 You will proceed to marry some showy creature for..his long pedigree.
2011 M. Loe Aging our Way (2013) i. 43 I guess I come from a long line of walkers.
c. Of a series or list: consisting of a large number of items or elements.
ΚΠ
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1658/2 Then followed in order a long list of names.
1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. i. i. 1 A long series of Reasons.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 131 And Grandsires Grandsons the long List contains. View more context for this quotation
1732 L. Crusius Lives Rom. Poets II. 154 A long enumeration of many other particulars relating to that mysterious number [sc. the number three].
1786 Gentleman's Mag. 60 Suppl. 1122/2 The long sequence of cards which is frequently played.
1854 G. Landmann Recoll. Mil. Life II. vii. 125 A long list of killed, wounded, and missing.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §1. 270 The long series of English victories had..demoralized the French soldiery.
1958 C. G. Gotlieb & J. N. P. Hume High-speed Data Processing vi. 107 If a subroutine consists of a long sequence of instructions.., it is desirable to store it separately.
2006 Independent 8 Dec. 16/1 Now, Gordon's neighbours have declared war on his establishment, amassing a long list of complaints.
d. colloquial. Of a number or value: large, high. Also, of something which can be quantified numerically, as a group, a sum of money, etc.: large. Esp. in long family, long price, and (in African-American usage) in expressions referring to money; cf. long green n. (b) at Compounds 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [adjective] > with respect to size
smallc1400
long1712
numerical1812
fifty1819
normed1935
significant1962
1712 tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Wks. I. 112 Greg. King shall show, by help of old Records, Of his long Family a Hundred Lords [no direct equivalent in Fr. original].
1733 Reply to Vindic. Planters of Tobacco 22 He..pays down the Duty for so much as he hath sold for the long Price.
1771 J. Johnson Let. 26 July in Joshua Johnson's Letterbk. (1979) 8 Mees' & Co. is shipped at the long price.
1840 E. E. Napier Scenes & Sports Foreign Lands I. v. 140 The natives are very partial to this breed, and give long prices for them.
1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 720/1 Cylinder machines are only suitable for long impressions.
1858 A. Trollope Dr. Thorne II. x. 177 He was a prudent, discreet man, with a long family, averse to professional hostilities.
1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 144/2 God-forbids, kids—a cynical mode of describing children by poor men who dread a long family.
1932 Irish Times 26 Mar. 6/2 An American player, with a long handicap and a persistent ‘slice’.
1941 Atlanta Daily World 11 May 8/1 Most of you would sacrifice every iota of higher education you possess..for just a conservative portion of Joe's long dough!
1976 N. Ross Policeman's Bible vi. 102 I made some long cash while working on gambling.
2003 J. McManus Positively Fifth Street 314 The other $1,357,640 has already been awarded to places forty-five through seven, with the long money reserved for the top two or three on the pyramid.
6. Of a period of time, or a process, state, or action: having a great extent in duration; occupying or requiring much time from beginning to end.See also long adv.1 I.**.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring
longeOE
longsomeeOE
long of lifeOE
lastinga1225
cleaving1340
continualc1340
dwellingc1380
long-livinga1382
everlastingc1384
long-duringa1387
long-lasting?a1400
long-liveda1400
broadc1400
permanable?c1422
perseverant?a1425
permanentc1425
perdurable?a1439
continuedc1440
abiding1448
unremoved1455
eternalc1460
long-continued1464
continuing1526
long-enduring1527
enduring1532
immortal1538
diuturn?1541
veterated1547
resiant?1567
stayinga1568
well-wearinga1568
substantive1575
pertinacious1578
extant1581
ceaseless1590
marble1596
of length1597
longeval1598
diuturnal1599
nine-lived1600
chronic1601
unexhausted1602
chronical1604
endurable1607
continuant1610
indeflourishing1610
aged1611
indurant1611
continuatea1616
perennious1628
seculara1631
undiscontinueda1631
continuated1632
untransitory1632
long-spun1633
momently1641
stative1643
outliving1645
constant1653
long-descended1660
voluminousa1661
perduring1664
perdurant1671
livelong1673
perennial1676
longeve1678
consequential1681
unquenched1703
lifelong1746
momentary1755
inveterate1780
stabile1797
persistent1826
unpassing1831
all-time1846
year-long1846
teak-built1847
lengthful1855
long-term1867
long haul1873
sticky1879
week-to-week1879
perenduring1883
long-range1885
longish1889
long-time1902
long run1904
long-life1915
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. vii. 180 Þa gemette he þær fæmnan..; wæs mid longre aðle legeres [L. longo paralysis morbo] swiðe gehefigad.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1111 Ðises geares wæs swiðe lang winter & hefigtyme & strang.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15210 Ȝiff þatt te pine iss lang. & strang.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 6779 In þis sorweful time and lange..Messangers com to..þe king, And teld him reweful tiding.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2173 Thare his sun liued langar lijf.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. Prol. l. 195 (MED) For better is a litel losse þan a longe sorwe.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxix Thus laie thenglishmen in the feldes when the cold nightes began to waxe long.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 831 Thay maid ane lang battail Ane hour of the day.
1619 R. Waller in Lismore Papers (1887) 2nd Ser. II. 228 I feare lest he be no longe lyffes man.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 535 Enjoy, till I return, Short pleasures, for long woes are to succeed. View more context for this quotation
1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 132 To help me thro' this long Disease, my Life.
1759 S. Johnson Idler 24 Feb. 57 The general lampooner of mankind may find long exercise for his zeal.
1803 G. Walker Don Raphael II. i. 7 I took a long look at Don Raphael.
1863 W. M. Thayer Pioneer Boy viii. 96 It's an all-day job to go there, and a pretty long day at that.
1935 G. Greene Basement Room & Other Stories 154 In a long life he had seen many forms of death, men shot by their own hand, and men killed in the field.
1967 Pop. Mech. July 55 (advt.) A longer wait between paintings.
2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 27 Oct. d5/4 Slower, easier training over a long period would most likely help; so would brief walk breaks.
7.
a. With a premodifying noun phrase consisting of a noun functioning as a unit of serial extent, or denoting an absolute measure of time, premodified by a numeral or quantifier.
(a) Of a specified serial extent or duration.
ΚΠ
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 56 Seo niht byð syxtig [read syxtyne] tida lang, and se dæg hæfð eahta tida.
1555 R. Eden Disc. Vyage rounde Worlde in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 220 In the moneth of October the nyght was not past foure houres longe.
1564 H. Middlemore tr. Let. Frenche Gentilwoman sig. C.vj Which prayer was at the lest an houre longe.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream v. i. 61 A Play there is, my Lord, some ten words long . View more context for this quotation
1697 tr. L. D. Le Comte Mem. Journey China 95 The whole Voyage, which is sometimes three or four Months long.
1721 J. Keill Introd. True Astron. xx. 235 In Summer the Morning Twilight was three Hours and 40 Minutes long.
1786 H. L. Piozzi Anecd. Johnson 60 Of James Harris's Dedication to his Hermes I have heard him observe, that, though but fourteen lines long, there were six grammatical faults in it.
1824 M. White Beatrice I. ii. 29 When she was young, little girls always made courtesies four seconds long.
1888 H. R. Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will xxii. 273 He even went so far as to pay her an elephantine compliment; but as it was three sentences long.., it shall not be repeated here.
1914 Bookman July 570/1 Henry Brooke's tale is five volumes long, and seems to us tedious beyond words.
1979 N.Y. Mag. 12 Feb. 37/1 The waiting list, several hundred names long.
2002 Empire Dec. 138/3 If we'd made the film that we first wrote and storyboarded, it would have been four hours long.
(b) Following a postmodifying of-phrase expressing a measure of serial extent or duration (equivalent to ‘in length’: e.g. of two days long ‘of two days in length’). Cf. of prep. 49b.
ΚΠ
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 9 (MED) Þere beeþ in somer dayes ful long of xviij houres long [L. fit ut plurimae longitudinis habeat dies in æstate.., id est horarum xviij].
a1450 York Plays (1885) 197 Þe daie is now of xii oures lange.
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Num. xxix. f. liiijv Ye shall kepe a feast vnto ye Lorde of .vij. dayes longe.
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G4 v And hold you content, this Summer an vnder-meale of an afternoone long doth not amisse to exercise the eyes withall.
a1610 N. Pownall Young Divines Apologie (1612) 27 That drowsie shepheard (so famoused amongst the Poets for an afternoones nap of 57. years long).
1660 D. Gotherson Alarm to All Priests 19 You can make speeches of a day long, yet you have no peace.
1730 S. Chandler Second Let. John Guyse 68 Your next paragraph, of above a page long, is an elegant critical dissertation.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. viii. 301 A lecture of two hours long!
1823 New Monthly Mag. 9 546/1 We find ourselves entangled in lay sermons of two days long.
1883 M. E. Braddon Phantom Fortune I. xvii. 316 She was deeply grateful for her brother's condescension in writing her a letter of two pages long.
1908 Rep. Select Comm. Daylight Saving Bill 73/2 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 204) VII. 73 When on a circular clock you add 20 minutes to an hour and make an hour of 80 minutes long.
1999 A. N. S. Lane J. Calvin: Student of Church Fathers vi. 161 Having summarized a passage of nine lines long, he proceeds to summarize an earlier passage which is eight lines long.
(c) attributive. Designating a thing having the specified serial extent or duration. Often hyphenated, with the premodifying noun in the singular or plural.Before the 19th cent. only recorded in daylong adj., night-long adj.For more established compounds, as hour-long, page-long, year-long, etc., see the first element.
ΚΠ
1597 G. Markham tr. G. Pétau de Maulette Deuoreux lxxiv. f. 13 Silly Palmers..That seeke to shorten day-long laboring way.
1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 48 The nightly, and nightlong pranking and pruning vp of old withered faces.
1850 Brit. Q. Rev. Aug. 202 Setting down some sixteen heads of a two hour-long-sermon.
1873 B. De Jongh Rosa Noel I. xiii. 228 ‘I know what I will have,’ she suddenly cried, after a five-minute-long pause.
1915 N.Y. Times Current Hist. European War Sept. 1176/2 I received a twenty-five-word-long telegram from the Swedish lady.
1989 Z. Bauman in D. Held & J. B. Thompson Social Theory Mod. Societies ii. 36 The thousand-page-long manifesto of his own version of a ‘hermeneutically informed social theory’.
2006 Philadelphia Inquirer 22 Dec. a6/6 Meandering, hours-long speeches.
b. Expressing relative length: having (more, less, or a specified) serial extent or duration from beginning to end.See also lenger adj. and adv., lengest adj. and adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective]
longOE
timefulc1390
voluminousa1661
protensive1673
diachronic1857
durational1881
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1052 Þæt gyld gedrehte ealle Engla þeode on swa langum fyrste swa hit bufan her awriten is.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 9 (MED) In Armeny..Ytaly and other regiones..the longeste day other nyȝhte is but oonly of xv houres equinoccialle.
1587 R. Greene Penelopes Web sig. Bv She fell into consideration with her selfe that the longest Sommer hath his Autumne, the largest sentence his Period.
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. xcviii. 584 There are not only many beasts, whose life is longer then the life of men, but also many trees.
a1652 J. Cotton Expos. Thirteenth Chapter Rev. (1656) 4 He continues 42. moneths, and that is as long as the Church was in the wildernesse.
1660 S. L. Three Serm. i. 44 The day of great men is no longer than the poor mans day.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 498. ⁋2 Of how long standing this honour has been, I know not.
1785 R. Henry Hist. Great Brit. V. p. iii The first chapter of this book is longer than that of any of the former books.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. iii. 7 The lesson must be longer than usual to-day.
1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. iii. 100 The longest time an eclipse of the Sun can be total at any place is seven minutes.
1940 D. Thomas Let. c5 June (1987) 455 The longest line in the last verse: is this too—prosy?
1987 L. Carducci in C. D. Minni Ricordi 187 At that time the holiday was longer than it is now.
2003 J. Haighton et al. Algebra & Graphs ii. 52 How long is a Martian day?
8.
a. With implication of excessive duration: continuing too long; tediously lengthy; (of a speech, a literary work, etc.) prolix. Also in it (etc.) were (too) long to (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > wearisome or tedious > tediously long
elengec897
longOE
longsomea1400
infinite1585
long-winded1645
mortal1758
everlasting1761
longful1777
eternal1787
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > prolix
tedious1412
prolix?a1475
prolixtc1485
longa1525
prolixious1577
long-winded1589
long-drawn1592
wire-drawn1603
long-breatheda1628
long-spun1633
pedalian1636
oblong1643
lacinious1648
long-lunged1660
lengthened1705
libertine1710
lengthy1759
incompendious1833
lengthsome1836
spun1869
lengtheninga1872
fine-drawn1888
OE Battle of Maldon (1942) 66 To lang hit him þuhte, hwænne hi togædere garas beron.
lOE King Ælfred tr. St. Augustine Soliloquies (Vitell.) (1922) i. 10 And swa eall nytenu and fugelas, swelces ðe nu ys lang æall to arimanne.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 9 (MED) God to donne..monie and feole oðre godere werke þe nu were long eou to telle.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 170 Þet is wel liȝt to ouercome to þe bolde herte, and lang and riotouse to þe sleauuolle.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 950 In till þe wreched world to gang; þar þu sal thinck þi lijf ful lang.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1205 Launcelot rewarded..many mo that mesemyth hit were to longe to rehers.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 180 This lang Lentryn it makis me lene.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 34 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 96 All yar names to nevyn..It war prolixt and lang & lenthing of space.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. x. 71 It war lang to discerne The godly giftis that this our Sone did lerne.
1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 184 Long and tedious seem'd that day to be, Which did deuide her from my companie.
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes iii. iv. 13 He..thought it long till hee was in the Citie, that he might be conducted to his Lady.
1738 Gentleman's Mag. July 372/1 The sad catastrophe were long to tell, By what a train of wiles the virgin fell.
1779 H. Boyd Let. 3 Apr. in Misc. Wks. (1800) I. Polit. Ess. 121 It may not be improper to advert a little to the long and laborious speech which the Governor has thought to publish.
1824 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 348 And a long, tedious and painful time he had of it, one ill-faced bad conditioned Boil after another breaking out on his Arm.
1876 G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay I. vi. 421 He beguiled the long long languid leisure of the Calcutta afternoon.
1914 Q. Rev. Dec. 51 It were long to follow in detail the ravages of this new Idealism.
1997 D. Quinn My Ishmael (1999) 256 After a long, boring layover in Atlanta, I was home before midnight on Friday.
b. Hence, of a speaker or writer: prolix, long-winded.
ΚΠ
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. iv. sig. D1v But I am euer too long vppon him, when hee crosseth the waie of my speache.
1661 O. Felltham Lusoria xli. 40 in Resolves (rev. ed.) A sheet of Bacon's catch'd at more, we know, Than all sad Fox, long Holinshead or Stow.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 57 I cou'd be long in Precepts. View more context for this quotation
1717 A. Pope Disc. Pastoral Poetry in Wks. 7 He is apt to be long in his descriptions.
1749 W. Hawkins Henry & Rosamond iv. ii. 53 I am thy Father's Pris'ner; by what Chance, It matters not: And 'tis with Joy I tell it, I shall not be so long; for I'm to die.
1833 Parl. Rev. 1 210 Fifty members..have come down to the House, night after night.., with petitions to present, but the time occupied by the long speakers never gave them the opportunity of being even called on.
1875 M. Arnold Isa. xl–lxvi. 31 I have been too long; but the present attempt is new, and needed explanation.
1902 G. K. Chesterton Twelve Types 180 The general sentiment that, like the beard of Polonius, he [sc. Walter Scott] is too long.
2001 J. H. Williams in C. G. Williams Technol. & Dream (2003) 413/1 I don't want to be too long in my answer, but I think all of these points are significant.
9.
a. Qualifying a noun denoting a period of time, or a number, weight, or quantity, to indicate a period, etc., greater than that typically expressed by the noun; cf. sense A. 1c. Also: denoting a period of time subjectively experienced as being unusual or excessive in duration, e.g. by being exhausting, draining, or tedious; cf. long moment n. at Compounds 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring > long-seeming
longOE
OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxxvii. 6 Þu bruce eac on Hierusalem goda gehwylces ealle lange dagas lifes þines.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9636 Ȝe monienne longne dæi ouer us ilæien habbeoð.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1040 Sche hade..i-lengþed here lif mani long ȝere.
a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 19 He defowlid hem both..that all a long moneth after men myght see how strongly the Kyng had holdyn hem by the throtes.
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 76v It is sayed that when they are first Lionsed, they sleape continually three longe Egyptians dayes.
1592 J. Stow Annales anno 1563 1111 Continuing in fight aboue a long hower.
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe i. 5 And two long hours in close debate were spent.
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 839/2 'Tis a long year since I saw you here.
1716 J. Gay Trivia ii. 36 When hoary Thames..Was three long Moons in icy Fetters bound.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle III. lxxxviii. 103 He had sollicited my favour for ten long months, without intermission.
1801 W. Scott Frederick & Alice in M. G. Lewis Tales of Wonder 150 Seven long days, and seven long nights, Wild he wander'd.
1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI lxxxi. 104 And rise at nine in lieu of long eleven.
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. xiv. 46 Lips travelled over cheek and mouth by turn For a long hour.
1913 Mineral Resources U.S. 1912: Pt. I 993 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (63rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Doc. 471, Pt. I) LXIX. The figures given are 1,086 (long) hundredweight wolfram.
1974 A. Alvarez Hers (1977) xv. 115 They finally compromised on a long fortnight, sixteen days.
1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 25 May 20/1 Hobsbawm's..great trilogy on the ‘long nineteenth century’ from 1789 to 1914.
2006 S. Kaplan Be Elephant xx. 191 Make it a practice to pause for ten long seconds before you react to new information.
b. Medicine. Of the pulse: palpable over a relatively long length of an artery; (also) having a prolonged duration of the beat (phase of arterial dilation).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [adjective] > types of pulsation
slowa1398
stronga1398
throbbinga1450
systematical1658
long1671
natant1707
undose1707
vermiculose1707
exalted1742
salienta1791
inciduous1822
fluttering1834
sharp1843
sluggish1843
tricrotic1876
tricrotous1877
bounding1879
short1898
quadrigeminal1906
plateau1923
1671 J. Blagrave Astrol. Pract. Physick 80 The Moon in Gemini of Mars oppressed. Those who take their bed under this configuration, shall be afflicted with a violent burning fever.., some great pains or lameness in their arms or joynts, the pulses long and inordinate.
1746 R. James tr. P. Alpinus Presages Life & Death in Dis. I. iv. iii. 329 A long Pulse [L. pulsus longus] is produced by the Smallness of the Artery, the Strength of the Faculty and the colliquating Heat.
1772 Chinese Traveller II. 214 When a sick person has a long pulse [Tchan] especially if it is a little slow at the same time, the distemper is commonly easy to be healed.
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 929 In strict stenosis..we ordinarily have a long slow pulse.
1919 R. C. Cabot Physical Diagnosis (ed. 7) 227 The slow, long pulse with a plateau at the summit is seen also in some cases of mitral stenosis and renal disease.
2008 S. Walsh & E. King Pulse Diagnosis vi. 101/2 With the Long pulse we are only interested in whether we can feel the pulsation of the radial pulse at each of the three traditional positions and beyond these positions, that is, distal to the wrist crease.
10.
a. Of an action, state, condition, process, etc.: that has continued or will continue for a long time; long-lasting, enduring.Often applied to feelings, dispositions, etc., e.g. enmity, friendship.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring > of long standing
longOE
oldOE
veterate?1541
long-rooted1562
of long standinga1568
old-standinga1627
veteran1648
long-running1651
long-standing1655
old-established1776
long-breathed1816
long-time1851
OE Guthlac A 120 Oþer [sc. the angel] him þas eorþan ealle sægde læne under lyfte, ond þa longan god herede on heofonum.
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 56 Ic wille..herien him..þad..brut us blisse, þat is so long.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 173 Ðe mire muneð us mete to tilen, Long liuenoðe, ðis little wile ðe we on ðis werld wunen.
c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 526 Tweyn euel þingus þerfore ben ordeynt to vs: Long record of þat malice, And horible peyne.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. met. xii. l. 3052 Tantalus þat was destroied by þe woodnesse of longe þrust dispiseþ þe flodes to drynke.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xv. 15 Receaue not my cause in thy longe wrath.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxxi Hauyng also approued experience that the Duke of Burgoine wolde kepe no longer promise then he him selfe listed.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 352 A long farewell to all my Greatnesse. View more context for this quotation
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §97 Juices of Stock-gilly-flowers,..applyed to the Wrests,..have cured long Agues.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 467 Those Woods, that Holy Grove, my long delight.
1704 Duke of Marlborough Lett. & Disp. (1845) I. 238 It has been a long practice to send letters, under his covers, from unknown hands.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. viii. 147 I had a long Lease of the Black-Bull in Fetter-Lane.
1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxviii*. 26 Long customs are not easily broken.
1819 Metropolis (ed. 2) II. 228 The ridicule such conduct brought upon him among the thinking part of his long acquaintance.
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 2 If her kiss Had left a longer weight upon my lips.
1921 B. S. Wagstaff Quiet Waters 50 Joy has come unto my door Again After long pain.
2009 P. Messent Mark Twain & Male Friendship iii. 80 His long, long friendship with Twichell and the various forms it took.
b. Designating a friend, enemy, etc., of long standing. Now somewhat archaic.
ΚΠ
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iv. sig. Givv Euen recknyng maketh long freends.
?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 170v Their long and greate enemie, Philippe kyng of Macedonia.
1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. vii. 86 It is a sad thing to part with our long companion.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1679 (1955) IV. 173 This most..pious & virtuous Lady, my very long acquaintance.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 380 He was a long, and very kind patron to me.
a1751 P. Doddridge Hymns (1755) xxxii. 28 Beloved Clay, Long Partner of my Cares.
1833 L. L. Da Ponte Hist. Florentine Republic I. vi. 237 In the danger from which the Florentines..had just been so unexpectedly delivered, their long rivals of Lucca had given countenance..to the arms of Visconti.
1882 T. Mozley Reminisc. Oriel I. 13 His recollections..contained some novelties, not to say surprises, to his longest friends.
1937 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 25 May 15/3 At the eleventh [hole],..he laid his long enemy with a ruthless, impossible stymie.
2011 D. Bullen Love Lives of Artists i. 35 Rodin was established with his long companion Rose Beuret.
11.
a. Prosody and Phonetics. Of a vowel (also in later use of a consonant): having the greater of the two recognized contrastive durations. Also (in non-technical contexts, with reference to English): designating a vowel letter having the sound of its alphabetical name, e.g. long i, used of the letter i in time, denoting the diphthongs /ʌɪ/ (in British English) or /aɪ/ (in American English).long by position: see position n. 5.The conventional English ‘long’ vowels a, e, i, and o, (u is a more complex case) were in Middle English close counterparts of the short vowels written with the same letter, but the phonetic closeness was effaced by the sound changes known as the Great Vowel Shift.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [adjective] > long or short
shortc1000
longOE
OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 37 On langneo geendiað grecisce naman femini[ ni] generis.
c1425 in C. R. Bland Teaching Gram. in Late Medieval Eng. (1991) 160 Þo secund coniugaciun..of passyf wowus, þat as -e- long befor þo -ris indecatyf, as doceris.
c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 38 How many coniugacions hastowe? Foure. The fyrst ys that hath an A longe byfore the -re or the -ri in the infinityf mode, as amare or amari... How knowest the secunde? That is the wheche hath an E longe byfor the -re or -ri.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Introd. 21 A vowell shalbe..longe or short in his pronunciation.
1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie xxi. 149 The long time, is expressed by a streight outright line, which being set ouer anie vowell..telleth vs, that the same vowell..must be pronounced long.
1640 S. Daines Orthoepia Anglicana 25 A long, e not sounded, make, leake.
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. iii. xi. 364 Suppose a long Vowel to be divided into two parts; as Bo-ote.
1700 A. Lane Key to Art of Lett. 10 E Subjunctive is written at the end of a word, after a single Consonant, to make the single Vowel before it long.
1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn I. ii. v. 226 If the Question arose, whether the e, in Pamela, should be pronounced long or short, he had immediate Recourse to the Greek Prosodia for a Determination.
1769 L. Chambaud Gram. French Tongue (ed. 5) 38 O. This vowel receives two sounds..; the one acute, slender, and commonly short; and the other grave, broad, and always long.
1840 Proc. Philol. Soc. 3 6 It gradually was established..that when a mute e followed a single consonant the preceding vowel was a long one.
1891 H. Bradley Stratmann's M.-E. Dict. Pref. p. viii In my notation the macron is placed over an original long vowel which remained long in Middle-English.
1917 E. H. Sturtevant Ling. Change i. 20 Long consonants are not common in English, except in compounds such as ‘illegal’, ‘unknown’, ‘unnatural’.
1921 E. Sapir Lang. 53 In many, as in Italian or Swedish or Ojibwa, long consonants are recognized as distinct from short ones.
1941 G. L. Trager & B. Bloch in Language 17 234 When one of these long vowels and diphthongs occurs before another vowel with no intervening consonant, its final element appears as an ambisyllabic glide.
1997 T. May Victorian Workhouse (2005) 11/2 Opponents of the new workhouses referred to them as ‘bastilles’ (often spelled ‘bastiles’, and apparently pronounced with a long ‘i’).
2000 J. Cummings World Food: Thailand 226 Long vowels are indicated in the transliterations by doubling the vowel or by adding the letter h to it.
b. Prosody. Of a syllable: having the greater of the two recognized contrastive durations. Also occasionally with reference to accentual verse: stressed.In classical prosody, a syllable is reckoned long if contains a long vowel or a diphthong, or if it is closed (cf. closed syllable at closed adj. 1); it conventionally occupies two morae (see mora n.1 3a). Similar classifications are found in the prosodies of other languages which employ quantitative metre in their literature and versification; in Sanskrit a ‘long’ syllable is categorized as ‘heavy’ (guru: see guru n.), the term ‘long’ (dīrgha: see main etymology) being restricted to vowels.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [adjective] > quantitative > long
longOE
long-quantity1872
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 92 Dactilus stent on anum langum timan and twam sceortum, and spondeus stent on feowrum [read twam] langum.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxvi. 1011 Þe myddil sillable of þis word elate is longe.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xix. sig. R.vii The frenche prieste..that had so long vsed to say Dominus with the seconde sillable long.
1575 G. Gascoigne Certayne Notes Instr. in Posies sig. T.iij The graue accent..maketh that sillable long whervpon it is placed.
1582 R. Stanyhurst in tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis To Rdr. sig. B Thee first of, briefly, wyth vs must bee long.
1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Kiij I haue markit the lang fute with this mark, –.
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. ii. sig. A3/2 The Art of accenting, or the rule of pronouncing wordes truely long or short, prosodie.
1676 tr. B. Lamy Art of Speaking iii. iv. iii. sig. X5 In a Foot of three Syllables when they are all long, it is call'd Molossus.
1749 J. Mason Ess. Power of Numbers & Princ. Harmony 16 In English Metre every accented Syllable is long.
1776 Crit. Rev. Sept. 184 In language there are long and short syllables, one of the former being equal or nearly equal to two of the latter.
1827 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca (ed. 2) v. xxiii. 535 In the Greek language every syllable was short or long.
1883 R. C. Jebb Œdipus Tyrannus p. lxxiii The anacrusis..is a really short syllable serving ‘irrationally’ as a long one.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xvii. 296 A syllable containing a long vowel or a diphthong..counted as long.
2009 R. V. Arana W.H. Auden's Poetry vii. 240 The pattern made by the long and short syllables in Alcaics..lends itself better to adaptations compatible with English-language rhythms.
12.
a. Of a point in time: (relatively) distant, remote.In later use only with reference to the future.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > distant or remote
longc1405
remote1596
distanta1616
far1646
far-off1850
far-away1851
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 1411 Bet than neuere is late Neuere to thryue were to long a date.
1437 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1437 §37. m. 1 Þai byen notable substance of gode to apprest, and to long dayes.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 18 Bifore that eny positijf lawe of God..was ȝouen to the Iewis fro the long tyme of Adamys comyng out of Paradijs into the tyme..of Abraham.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 425 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 108 Yar lordschipe of sa lang dait.
1596 E. Spenser Prothalamion 8 Here fits not well Olde woes but ioyes to tell Against the bridale daye which is not long.
1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 261 That its deriud from Βαρύς, I must take long day to beleeu.
a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) i. iii. 10 You must give me longer day.
1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. (ed. 2) II. 84 Is his Punishment deferr'd to a long hereafter?
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. xviii. 113 A long day, I doubt, will not be permitted me.
1776 Let. in Gentleman's Mag. (1792) 14/1 He has paid me with a bond..due in October 1777, which is a long date.
1846 Daily News 21 Jan. 4/6 Bills on Amsterdam at long, or 3 months' date, found no takers.
1891 H. B. Adams Hist. Ess. 201 They gradually began to make advances upon bills of longer date, and then to lend money without security of any kind.
1919 S. J. Weyman Great House xxviii. 272 Bills drawn at long dates and for which no discounters could be found.
1996 Woman's Day (Sydney) 10 June 42/2 It will be a long day before he has another lady in his life.
b. Finance. Esp. of a bill of exchange or promissory note: maturing at a distant date. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > extending to the distant future
long1800
long-dated1866
long-time1879
1800 tr. J. G. Büsch Pract. Correspondent for Merchants I. 69 Paris long bills 1 Sh.
1861 G. J. Goschen Theory Foreign Exchanges 87 Rates given for long paper, as compared with those for bills on demand.
1873 Banker's Mag. Apr. 791 The amount of discount is greater on a long bill than on a short bill.
1921 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 84 61 He could not see that there was any difference between long securities and short securities.
1978 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 38 395 They were likely to be affected in their pricing policy on long bills to a certain extent.
2003 M. Obstfeld & A. M. Taylor in M. D. Bordo et al. Globalization in Hist. Perspective iii. 152 Long bills could be used to cover the exchange risk that might otherwise be involved in interest-rate arbitrage.
†13. Perhaps: patient, long-suffering. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > long-suffering
longmoodeOE
sufferable1303
sufferantc1330
sufferinga1340
long1483
long-willeda1500
long-enduring1527
long-suffering1535
long-minded1618
longanimous1620
Indian1737
enduring1816–7
endurant1866
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. cccxx/1 He was a merueilous Rethour by eloquence, a susteynour and a berar vp of the chirch by doctryne, shorte to hymself by humylyte, and longe [L. longus, Fr. long] to other by charyte.
14. Music. Of a note: held or sustained for a greater than average period of time, or for a period of time of a specified duration. Cf. senses A. 6, A. 7b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > [adjective] > long note
long1574
1574 F. Kinwelmersh tr. A. Le Roy Briefe Instr. Musicke Lute vi. f. 48 A good Lute will holde his sounde, as long as a Semibreue.
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 177 Cadences bound with the fourth or seuenth..being in long notes will exasperat the harmonie.
1664 J. Birchensha tr. J. H. Alsted Templum Musicum v. 24 The signes of a long Sound do note the duration thereof.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Group In music, a Group is one of the Kinds of Diminutions of long Notes.
1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 421 The great Mode perfect, in which all long notes were equal in duration to three of the next shorter in degree.
1818 T. Busby Gram. Music 69 If a Minim is only half as long as a Semibreve, and a Crotchet but half the length of a Minim, a Crotchet is only one quarter as long as a Semibreve.
1883 Gentleman's Mag. July 54 He passed from the up to the down bow in those long cantabile notes.
1928 Daily Express 27 Aug. 3/2 The notes in small type preceding the long B. flat..must be played martellato and with clearness.
2012 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 18 Mar. (Travel section) 7/4 Tumba is gaudy, even operatic: long notes, grand gestures, glitzy costumes.
15. Mathematics. Designating a method of performing a given basic arithmetical operation by successively applying it to the units, tens, hundreds, etc. (or the digits representing these quantities) of one or more of the numbers involved. See also long division n. 2.Long division and long multiplication are typically used to simplify calculations when at least one of the numbers being divided or multiplied has more than one digit.
ΚΠ
1679 S. Morland Doctr. Interest sig. a4v (header) An excellent method of contracting a long multiplication.
1709 J. Lightbody Measurer & Gauger's Guide 33 To save the trouble of a long Multiplication and Division, which sometimes occasions Mistakes; I have found out a Way to Gauge any Vessel in the tenth part of the time.
1744 T. Dilworth Schoolmasters Assistant (ed. 2) i. 32 This is called Long Division.
1848 Mechanics’ Mag. 16 Sept. 319/2 Take for example a long multiplication sum; is not the process carried on by mere mechanical attention to certain laws or rules?
a1868 H. Meade Ride through Disturbed Districts N.Z. (1870) xiii. 352 In arithmetic they managed long division and subtraction with ease, but a long addition sum of pounds, shillings, and pence produced a few mistakes.
1919 G. E. Freeland Mod. Elem. School Pract. xiv. 322 A teacher puts several long addition problems upon the board.
1991 A. Enright Portable Virgin (1992) 26 At college, Billy can stand on his head, or sing in falsetto, do long-multiplication in the supermarket to find out what percentage tax would make South African oranges commercially non-viable.
2012 Arizona Daily Sun (Nexis) 4 Jan. The iPads whispered and blinked to life, then loaded the afternoon's work: a website chock full of long addition, long multiplication, long division, even word problems.
16. Stock Market and Finance (originally U.S.). Of a person (esp. a broker), his or her position in the market, or the market in general: buying or based on stocks, bonds, or other assets purchased in advance (often in large quantities) with the expectation of a rise in price; esp. in to go (heavily) long: to invest (heavily) in such assets.
ΚΠ
1849 Merchants' Mag. 21 118 ‘Long’ means when a man has bought stock on time, which he can call for at any day he chooses.
1870 W. W. Fowler Ten Years in Wall St. iii. 87 They who had gone long of it at a higher figure, were selling it and ascertaining their losses.
1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Sept. 6/2 Spinners..suddenly curtailed their operations. They had, in fact, like the leading operator, gone heavily ‘long’; and consequently did not need to buy except in very small quantities.
1916 Commerc. & Financial Chron. 18 Nov. 1903/1 The market had got heavily long.
1921 Munsey's Mag. June 54/2S There is told..an ancient and hoary tale of a daring plunging speculator who passed away, unfortunately while heavily long of stocks.
1997 What Investm. Mar. 62/3 So maybe there is a window of opportunity to go long on the gilt market, and to put some longevity back on the books.
2004 B. McLean & P. Elkind Smartest Guys in Room (rev. ed.) ix. 126 The Enron trading desk..always had a matched book—meaning that every short position precisely offset every long position.
B. n.1
1. Prosody. A long syllable. Cf. sense A. 11b.In quot. c1425 perhaps as a mass noun.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > quantity > long syllable
longc1425
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > [noun] > quantitative verse
long1719
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 184 (MED) I toke non hede nouþer of schort nor long.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xlij This poeticall schoolemayster corrector of breues and longes, caused Collyngborne to be abbreuiate shorter by the hed.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xiii. 92 For your Trocheus of a long and short ye haue these wordes mānĕr, brōkĕn, tākĕn, bōdiĕ, mēmbĕr, and a great many moe.
1719 A. M. Ramsey in tr. F. de S. de la M. Fénélon Adventures Telemachus (ed. 2) I. p. xxxix These Northern People froze up every Thing..by a frigid Formality of Syntax. They had no Notion of that beautiful Variety of Longs and Shorts.
1827 C. P. Brown Prosody Telugu & Sanscrit Langs. Explained i. 19 If all the longs excepting the two last, are resolved into two shorts each, the metre is named Layahari.
1872 Young Gentleman's Mag. 23/1 As two shorts are supposed to equal one long, you may..put a dactyl for a spondee.
1916 Classical Weekly 4 Mar. 144/1 The single occurrence of a long and two shorts, or of two shorts and a long, generally signifies that the verse is Aeolic.
1963 Classical Jrnl. 59 86/1 The paroemiac Medea 130, which must be scanned four longs, two shorts, two longs.
2006 P. Blank Shakespeare & Mismeasure of Renaissance Man ii. 53 The lines might be constituted of identical sequences of syllables (i.e., sequences with the same number of longs and shorts arranged in the same way).
2.
a. Music. A long note; spec. (Early Music) a note equivalent in duration to two breves in the imperfect mode, and to three breves in the perfect mode; (also) a symbol representing such a note. Cf. longa n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > [noun] > long note
largec1475
longc1475
longa1638
maxima1740
maxim1828
c1475 Court of Sapience (Trin. Cambr.) (1927) l. 2073 (MED) Dame Musyke gan on her craft to recorde..Whyche laarge, whyche long, whyche brefe, whyche semybrefe.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 122 It was a mery song! I dar say that he broght Foure and twenty to a long.
1590 T. Cokayne Treat. Hunting sig. D4v Where the Foxe is earthed, blowe for the Terriers after this manner: One long and two short.
1594 R. Barnfield Shepheard Content iii. sig. Eij My Prick-Song's alwayes full of Largues and Longs.
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xii. §1. 334 The Art of Musicke mixeth contrary sounds in her Songes: as Sharps, with flats; and briefes, with Longs.
1658 J. Playford Breif Introd. Skill Musick (new ed.) i. 24 The Large is 8 Semibriefs. The Long 4.
1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick xi. 227 When Musick was first invented, there were but Two Notes, viz. a Long, and a Breve.
1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 184 The first consists of a succession of Longs and Breves.
1887 R. Browning Parleyings 217 Larges and Longs and Breves displacing quite Crotchet-and-quaver pertness.
1891 W. Pole Philos. Mus. 162 The breve being intended to be held about half the time of the long.
1907 Grove's Dict. Music (ed. 2) III. 775/1 Besides longs and breves semibreves could be plicated when in ligature.
1991 J. Caldwell Oxf. Hist. Eng. Music I. iii. 112 Much slower values, primarily longs and breves, represented by semibreves and minims in modern transcriptions.
b. The longer of the two signals used in Morse code; a ‘dash’.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > [noun] > telegraphic message > code > Morse code > signs in
dot1838
dash1859
long1867
short1891
dah1942
dit1942
V-sign1959
1867 Good Words Jan. 47/1 Morse signals of longs and shorts, or ‘dots and dashes’, as they are technically called.
1891 W. Thomson Pop. Lect. & Addr. III. 128 [It] renders quick and sure Morse signalling by longs and shorts impracticable.
1948 ‘J. Tey’ Franchise Affair x. 112 I shall hoot the initials of your beautiful name on the horn... Two longs and three shorts.
1973 J. Drummond Bang! Bang! You're Dead! xxxviii. 134 A buzzer sounded..two longs, two shorts, another long.
2010 C. Miéville Kraken 436 Paul translated it into the longs and shorts of Morse and transcribed dots and dashes under the letters.
†3. Whist. In plural = long whist n. at Compounds 4a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > whist > [noun] > varieties of
whisk and swabbers1699
twelfth whist1752
Boston1800
short1825
long1832
dummy whist1843
preference1852
solo whistc1875
hearts1884
drive whist1885
cayenne whist1887
duplicate whist1891
duplicate1894
straight whist1901
1832 J. Romilly Diary 15 Dec. in Cambr. Diary (1967) 24 A rubber of horrid Longs with Dr. Carnaby.
1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk II. xix. 29 Shilling points at longs..were the fashion.
1860 Chambers's Jrnl. 24 Nov. 334/2 His father..who was every night for his one rubber at Longs, for three, or it might be four hours.
4.
†a. colloquial. In plural = long clothes n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > for children > for a baby > long clothes
longcoat1591
side-coat1601
long clothes1764
long1837
swaddling-robe1845
1837 New Monthly Mag. Feb. 253 At that top window, there's a wet nurse all in white dandling a little baby in longs.
1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk II. xxi. 63 A ‘live doll’, as some little children designate a baby in longs.
b. colloquial (originally U.S.). A long (esp. formal) skirt, dress, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > of specific length > long > types of
syrma1753
long1851
long1898
1851 E. C. Stanton Let. 5 Aug. in As Revealed (1922) II. 33 William Burleigh spoke in high praise of the ‘shorts’ and with great disgust of the ‘longs.’ ‘The long dress is now an offense to my eyes,’ he said.
1923 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Jan. 45/1 Poor Madge! She bought at the top. Now she is long on shorts and short on longs, and can't cover.
1971 Guardian 17 Aug. 7/3 Summer ‘longs’ go on very happily into winter for theatres and parties.
1974 State (Columbia, S. Carolina) 28 Mar. 2 a (advt.) Young junior dresses and longs.
2011 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 2 Oct. It's quite possible that other women will wear short cocktail dresses, too. Even if the longs outnumber the shorts, I'm sure you and your daughters will look terrific.
c. Originally U.S. A trade term for: an item of clothing, or a category of such items, that is longer than average for its specific chest or waist measurement. Cf. sense A. 2d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > of specific length > long
long1884
1884 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Disp. 19 Sept. 8/5 (advt.) We keep all sizes, Fats, Extra Fats, Longs, Extra Longs, Clothing for the Big Fellows, and a complete line of ‘Regulars’.
1908 W. H. Baker Dict. Men's Wear 152 Longs, trade term for readymade garments designed to fit tall men.
1952 Amer. Speech 27 266 With regard to sizes of suits there are three basic divisions: regulars—for men of average height and weight; shorts—for men of short stature; and longs—for tall men.
1986 Jrnl. (Fairfax County, Va.) 27 May a3 (advt.) Winfield Suits... In regulars, shorts and longs.
2012 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 28 Dec. They imagined a system based on a single measurement of the upper body and combined that with a height index (regulars, longs, and shorts).
d. colloquial. In plural. Long trousers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > of specific length > long > types of
syrma1753
long1851
long1898
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers
trouse1678
trousers1681
kicks1699
trousiesa1713
brogues1748
inexpressibles1790
unmentionable1791
et cetera1794
indescribable1794
kickseys1819
ineffables1823
indispensablesa1828
unimaginable1833
pantaloon1834
pants1835
inexplicables1836
never-mention-'ems1836
unwhisperable1837
results1839
sit-down-upons1839
sit-upons1839
unmentionabilities1840
innominablea1843
unutterables1843
trews1847
round-the-houses1857
unprintable1860
stovepipe1863
sit-in-ems1873
reach-me-downs1877
strides1889
rounds1893
long1898
kecks1900
rammies1906
trou1911
pants1970
1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 151/2 Until recently, all Hounds had to wear ‘longs’, coats and ‘mortar-boards.’
1928 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring–Summer 219/3 Flannel longs..boy's long trousers made from grey union flannel.
1947 D. M. Davin Gorse blooms Pale 57 His first suit of longs, all neatly pressed.
1962 B. Harrisson Orang-Utan i. 37 They wanted to buy smart shorts (or, better still, longs), shirts and tie, a radio.
1996 Cycle Touring & Campaigning Apr. 2/3 (advt.) Endura MT500 Spandura ATB shorts £49.99... Endura MT500 Spandura ATB longs £64.99.
†5. University slang. With the. Chiefly with capital initial. = long vacation n. at Compounds 4a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > holidays > formal > legal or university
voiding1468
summer vacation1507
justitium1583
long vacation1631
vacants1647
long1848
1848 J. H. Newman Loss & Gain i. x. 71 ‘Reding ought to live here all through the Long,’ said Tenby: ‘does any one live through the Vacation, sir, in Oxford?’
1852 C. A. Bristed Five Years Eng. University I. 49 For a month or six weeks in the ‘Long’ they rambled off to see the sights of Paris.
1857 E. C. Gaskell Let. 7 Dec. (1966) 490 Arthur Stanley..has just been spending the ‘Long’ at Moscow.
1885 M. Pattison Mem. 149 I began the Long in the belief that I was going in for my degree in November.
1921 P. S. Allen Let. 22 June (1939) 176 Term is over and the final excitements before we settle down to the peace of the Long.
6. Stock Market.
a. A person who has purchased an asset in advance, in expectation of a rise in price. Cf. sense A. 16.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > [noun] > trading venture or speculation > one who > specific types
underwriter1616
long1855
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > speculation > speculator > type of
co-adventurer1647
mine-adventurer1705
long1855
lamb1884
technopreneur1987
1855 Hunt's Merchants' Mag. June 719 The brokers have been doing a little business on their own account, and the ‘longs’ and ‘shorts’ have their petty contests.
1890 Daily News 2 Sept. 2/5 Wheat..fell off owing to longs unloading.
1937 Sun (Baltimore) 25 Sept. 15/8 ‘Longs’ are traders who in recent months have been accumulating contracts specifying delivery of corn to them in September.
1966 Illinois Agric. Econ. 6 5/1 If the longs in the market cannot defer delivery by a storage provision,..they cannot put the price above its equilibrium level.
2001 N.Y. Times 17 May c6/5 The battle between longs and shorts heated up on Tuesday, when Irwin Jacobs reported in regulatory filings that he had bought 5.8 percent of AremisSoft.
b. In plural. Long-dated (esp. gilt-edged) securities; (also) assets held in anticipation of future demand.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > bought, sold, or dealt on particular terms
bear1709
bull1714
bearskin1719
trust stock1733
preference stock1845
preferred stock1848
trustee stock1855
short1868
privileged stock1875
future1880
junior stock1914
curb-stocks1915
long1930
junk bond1974
1930 Financial Times 3 Oct. 1/7 Good for the ‘longs’. As a factor in the Consol market, the new Treasury Bond issue makes for better prices of Conversion stocks and other longer-dated securities.
1969 Daily Tel. 16 Sept. 2 The ‘longs’ and undated stocks were particularly prominent and Treasury 6¾ p.c. 1995–98 rose a full point.
1972 Times 17 June 23/3 The ‘longs’..closed ‘uneasily steady’, dealers said.
2005 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 June 46/2 Since his shorts were likely to make money in a down market, they acted as protection—a hedge!—when his ‘longs’ weren't doing well.

Phrases

P1. Prepositional phrases.Compare also prepositional phrases at long adv.1 Phrases 1 and discussion at long adv.1 I.**
a. Phrases with at.
(a) at long.
(i) Also † at the long. After a long time, at length; in the end. rare after 16th cent. (regional in later use).In later use only in collocation with at last; cf. by long and by last at Phrases 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > in the end or at last
umbe longeOE
at (the) long runninga1450
at longc1450
at length1525
at the length1525
at (the) long run1607
in the long run1768
in (also on, upon) the long run1814
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3498 (MED) Lat vs leue him at longe & lende to oure hames.
c1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 112 (MED) Ye may the better labour at the long, When ye haue myrthe your besynes among.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 579/2 I shall purpose to treate of thys matter more at long.
?1571 G. Buchanan Chamaeleon in Vernacular Writings (1892) 49 At lang having deliberat to take him with him,..he fand him to be trew in deid all yat he suspectit afoir.
1836 Court Mag. May 219/1 At long and at last, by the greatest seamanship it arrived at the other side.
1901 Northern Counties Mag. June 175 When at long and at last I come.
†(ii) Extensively, fully; in many words. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adverb] > at length
longlyOE
large1395
largelya1398
at large1450
at the lengthc1500
at long1565
in huge1608
at full, great, some, etc. length1713
lengthily1787
prolongedly1832
1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 139v It were..superfluous at longe to discusse.
c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 113 The cais quhairof they sall cause be at lang debaitted be the pairties procuratouris.
(b) at (the) longest: on the longest estimate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for a long time > at the longest estimate
at (the) longest1606
1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale iv. i. 420 The Dictatorship in Rome continued no longer then the charge required, which neuer passed six monethes at the longest [Fr. pour le plus].
a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) iii. 16 Vnconstant earth! O, is it not enough Thy days are ev'll at best; and but a puffe At longest?
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks II. v. 350 Our own Marble, or Stuff (whate'er it be, of which we are compos'd) wears out in seven, or, at the longest, in twice seven Years.
1783 C. Bryant Flora Diætetica ix. 324 He ought to have all his Wheat into ground by the end of October at longest, before the birds find a scarcity of food.
1837 N.Y. Q. Mag. Apr. 358 My intention was to impress my visiter with the belief that I was particularly engaged, so that he could not..think of sitting more than two minutes and a half at longest.
1874 E. B. Pusey Lenten Serm. xii. 235 Short, at the longest, were the life of man.
1918 H. G. Wells In Fourth Year viii. 101 Every few hundred miles at the longest the machine must come down for petrol.
1955 Washington Post 9 May 18/1 The President's tenure of office is a relatively short one; at longest, it can last for eight years.
2013 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 31 Mar. a47 A team hoping to land them this summer could only have offered seven years at the longest.
b. by long and by last: in the end. rare.Cf. quots. 1836, 1901 at Phrases 1a(a)(i).
ΚΠ
1900 Longman's Mag. Dec. 103 By long and by last we came to Veermut bridge.
1916 G. Parker World for Sale v. 59 What you are and what you have is mine by the Romany law, and it will come to me, by long and by last.
†c. for long: long ago. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > long ago
yorec900
for longOE
langer1303
long agoc1350
far1362
for yorea1375
of yore ago(ne)a1375
long time1376
of olda1393
anciently1502
langsyne?a1513
oldlya1513
in old season1582
old1609
antiquely1652
then-a-days1688
(the) year one1754
way back1870
in yore1876
way back when1921
OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xxiii. 19 Propter siditionem quondam facta in ciuitate : fore setnung uel huilum uel for longe awordeno in ðær ceastra.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8386 Tær bilæf he þanne. To fillenn þatt tatt cwiddedd wass Forrlannge þurrh prophete.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4507 (MED) For lang was said, and yeit sua bes, ‘Hert sun for-gettes þat ne ei seis’.
a1425 N. Homily Legendary (Harl. suppl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 91 (MED) I wend þou had bene ded forlang, Now wote I wele my wit was wrang.
†d. of long: since the distant past; for a long time. Cf. of prep. 52a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adverb] > for a long time past
of long1534
of whiloma1625
this whiloma1625
1534 ( J. Lydgate tr. Life SS. Alban & Amphabel (Herford) sig. E.iv Amphiball that bare non armes of longe..Constrained was with other for to flee.
1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. f. 24v The Castle of Antwerpe..had of long been a denne of murderers.
1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints sig. Q3v The Lion..gan him avize..what had of long Become of him.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 1 The Turks haue of long most inhabited the lesser Asia.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) lvi. 319 Penall Lawes, if they haue beene Sleepers of long.
†e. on long: in length. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > in longitudinal extent [phrase]
on longlOE
lOE Rec. Acquisition of Land by Edward the Elder (Sawyer 1443) in S. Miller Charters of New Minster, Winchester (2001) 12 Ic Eadwerd crinig [read cyning] begeat..ðæs landes be suðan ðære cirican.. xxiiii gerda on lange, & on bræde ðar hit bradest is fif geurda.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21664 O four corner þe arche was made, Als has þe cros on lang and brade.
†f. umbe long: after a time, in due course, eventually. Obsolete. [Compare Middle Dutch omme lanc] .
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > in the end or at last
umbe longeOE
at (the) long runninga1450
at longc1450
at length1525
at the length1525
at (the) long run1607
in the long run1768
in (also on, upon) the long run1814
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxviii. 516 Ða andswarode he ymbe long [lOE Bodl. ymbe lang] and cwæð.
eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) xxi. §1. 98 Gif he hit ðonne dierneð, & weorðeð ymb long yppe, ðonne rymeð he ðam deadan to ðam aðe.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 239 Þes sondes-mon com aȝein umbelong..& brohte wið him fifti scol-meistres.
†g. with the longest: of a very great extent; for a very long time. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for a long time
longeOE
longOE
longlyOE
longsomelyOE
yorec1275
lastingly1372
longsa1450
for longa1530
in length1566
with the longest1636
stayingly1648
eternally1664
sometime1801
chronically1854
forever1861
somewhile1864
for the duration1916
long-term1947
secularly1971
1539 R. Morison Invective ayenste Treason sig. Fiv I sawe this boke, some what with the longest.
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie To Catholike Church sig. ¶.iijv Such discourse, which might peraduenture be somewhat with the longest.
1636 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. (new ed.) iv. ii. 273 When that part of his forces which was left behind..stayed with the longest [L. moram faceret] at Brundisium.
1661 R. Davenport City Night-cap i. 7 My Lords, I think we have staid with the longest; farewel Doll.
P2. In adverbial phrases, modifying a noun denoting a period of time (chiefly time, while). [Compare Old Saxon langa huīla and Middle Low German lengere tīt (comparative), Middle High German lange zīt . Compare also post-classical Latin longo tempore , Anglo-Norman lungtens and Old French lonctens , adverb (10th cent.; Middle French lonc temps , Middle French, French longtemps ).
With for long time at Phrases 2a(b) compare Anglo-Norman par lungtens and French per lonctens (Middle French, French par longtemps ).
With Phrases 2b compare perhaps Middle French il a longtemps, Middle French, French il y a longtemps (que) long ago (14th cent.).]
a. In phrases with the sense ‘for or during a long time’ (see long adv.1 1a).
(a) Without construction. Occasionally also as one word. Now archaic and rare (chiefly poetic in later use).In Old English in the dative or accusative.
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xiv. 60 Ne magon we nu gen þæt þafian, þæt we forlæten þa wisan, þe we longre tide [L. tanto tempore]..heoldon.
OE Blickling Homilies 217 Þa he þa lange hwile on þæm gebede wæs, þa ongeat he þæt þær wæs godcundlic mægen ondweard.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) 158 He heold on to herien his heaðne maumez..long time of þe dei þet he idon hefde.
c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 62 Þe world þurw his foule gile Haþ me lad to longe while.
c1480 (a1400) St. Agnes 368 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 356 Of þat kirk a prest had syne þe cure, and callit ves paulyne..& had bene chaste langtyme.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 1417 Syth they so long tyme haue made me so madde.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 37/2 They..think yt he long time in king Edwardes life, forethought to be king.
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. N.iv For if, long time, one put this yron in vre.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. v. sig. Q8 Thus he long while in thraldome there remayned..Vntill his owne true loue his freedome gayned. View more context for this quotation
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes i. xxxvi. 157 Certain Magicians, whom I have long time known.
1678 tr. J. Le Noir New Politick Lights i. 26 He had been long while Professor in Divinity.
1714 A. Pope Chaucer's Wife of Bath in R. Steele Poet. Misc. 25 Long time I heard, and swell'd, and blush'd, and frown'd.
1775 S. Wilts. Petitioners 9 Long while all methods did they try To make this headstrong beast comply.
a1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 456 Dream and waking life..blended Longtime in the cavern of my soul.
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. viii. 22 So that long time he fed upon false joy.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Two Towers iii. v. 105 Long time I fell.
(b) Following a preposition, as for, in, (now archaic and rare) of (formerly also †by, †to). In later use only with indefinite article. Cf. Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for a long time
longeOE
longOE
longlyOE
longsomelyOE
yorec1275
lastingly1372
longsa1450
for longa1530
in length1566
with the longest1636
stayingly1648
eternally1664
sometime1801
chronically1854
forever1861
somewhile1864
for the duration1916
long-term1947
secularly1971
OE Genesis B 489 Sceolde feondum þeowian, þær is ealra frecna mæste leodum to langre hwile.
1387–8 Petition London Mercers in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 34 Many wronges..ydo to hem by longe tyme here bifore passed.
a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 17 The Kyng, heryng of long tyme no noyse ne stiryng of the traitours,..demyd that thay had all begone.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 192v The biggyng..was of long tyme beleft.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxxx It is commonly sayd, that..in long tyme al thinges continue not in one estate.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxiv. 233 He had not sene him wait of long time.
1629 tr. Herodian Hist. (1635) 386 This Capellianus and Gordian had not beene friends of a long time.
a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Angl. (1671) i. 204 Those deformities in it [sc. St Paul's] which by long time had been contracted.
1683 London Jilt: 2nd Pt. 30 My own Husband..without doubt came thither to convict me of my whoring, after having for a long while had Suspition thereof.
1720 D. Manley Power of Love vi. 330 It was the last time he should see her in a long while.
1752 M. Browne Ess. on Universe (new ed.) iv, in Wks. & Rest of Creation 85 His exhausted Stores, with dread Decay Wou'd, by long Time, burn out, and fume away.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison V. v. 34 I have not been at church of a long time.
1833 S. Austin Characteristics Goethe II. 334 Persons whom we have not seen of a long time.
1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 98/1 Where paste is to be kept for a long time, various ingredients may be added, to prevent souring and moulding.
1904 S. Evans tr. Geoffrey of Monmouth Hist. Kings Brit. ii. i. 36 These had of a long time reigned in peace and concord.
1925 J. Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer i. i. 4 He slid stiffly onto a revolving stool and looked for a long while at the pricelist.
1962 D. Lessing Golden Notebk. iv. 483 The fanciest bit of red-baiting I've heard in a long time.
2010 Gaz7etta 3 Nov. 28/3 With 250 fabric options.., the indecisive buyer is going to be standing in his Y-fronts for a long time.
(c) With indefinite article.
ΚΠ
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 318 Þei..han me fostered & fed a long time.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 769 Thempire..a long time..stod..Under the Frensche kynges wille.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 11337 A long while haf we slept.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 411 Sho wolde lay hur down in frosyn watyr & lay hur þer a long while.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxix. 146 We..haue ben a longe espace wyth hym.
1534 G. Joye tr. Jeremy Prophete sig. f.iiiv Nowe I haue preached a longe tyme, inueinge agenst their wyked violence & tyranye.
1581 T. Rogers tr. N. Hemmingsen Faith of Church Militant iv. 18 In which opinion many stood a long while.
1629 F. Malthus tr. Treat. Artific. Fire-works 75 Those vpon the ground may dure a long while.
1680 H. Care Hist. Popish Plot viii. 113 The Discovery was made to the Council.., where Dr. Oates was a long time under Examination.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. i. 43 If you set a man with gloves on..to take off a single sheet, he will fumble about a long while.
1791 H. B. Dudley Woodman i. iv. 18 'Tis a pity at once to forsake What we've learnt a long while to adore!
1827 Lancet 17 Nov. 244/1 You have, in this instrument, what Volta was a long time in search of.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxxiv. 359 Your mother has been a widow a long while, perhaps.
1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang ii. v. 88 They knew the Boy; for they had been looking for him a long time.
1962 K. Kesey One flew over Cuckoo's Nest iv. 309 It fought a long time against having it taken away, flailing and thrashing around.
2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons iii. v. 269 The next morning after he awoke, he sat motionless a long while trueing up his mind.
b. In phrases with the sense ‘long ago’. In later use Caribbean (esp. Jamaican), in long time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > long ago
yorec900
for longOE
langer1303
long agoc1350
far1362
for yorea1375
of yore ago(ne)a1375
long time1376
of olda1393
anciently1502
langsyne?a1513
oldlya1513
in old season1582
old1609
antiquely1652
then-a-days1688
(the) year one1754
way back1870
in yore1876
way back when1921
1376 in L. Morsbach Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1923) 2 Twey douteres bastardes..were longe tyme ibore and by-gete.
1613 T. Heywood Marriage Triumphe sig. D4v T'seemes when I this couple see, Thy Sister I behold and thee, When you both were nurst long while By Laton' in Delos Isle.
1911 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 2 Dec. 8/3 All dey pickney gone long time now.
1942 L. Bennett Jamaica Dial. Verses 21 Me did tink me always hear sey Missis Queen bannish slavery lang time.
1971 Jamaican Weekly Gleaner 3 Nov. 5/1 Tams are also in (well, we did have that long time).
1998 O. Kempadoo Buxton Spice (1999) 140 Judy had long-time cut off her own hair—to escape the torture of combings and the beatings to make her sit still.
c. this long time (also while): for a long time down to the present.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for a long time > for this long time
this long time (also while)a1413
this seven years day1599
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 680 This longe tyme he dryueth forth right þus.
c1434 J. Drury Eng. Writings in Speculum (1934) 9 83 (MED) J haue eaten nothing this longe tyme.
?1531 R. Barnes Supplic. Kinge Henrye VIII f. xiiv Haue you not wytched the world this longe tyme?
1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes sig. g.iij It is you that this long while haue slaundered and deuised horrible lies.
1632 F. Quarles Divine Fancies ii. xxxix. 79 All the reliefe thy servant this long while, Hath had, is but a little Cruse of Oyle.
1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Rudens iv. iii, in tr. Plautus Comedies 196 I knew th' owner o' that portmantle this long time.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 7 How has your Lordship done this long time?
1778 Lady's Mag. May 267/1 We have known her this long while.
1808 C. R. Maturin Wild Irish Boy II. 171 You have deserted me this long while, and I am glad of it.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House li. 499 You must know that I have done no good this long time.
1903 Secret Service 19 Aug. 12/2 I wasn't speaking to her. We haven't been on speaking terms this long while.
1977 B. MacLaverty Secrets 119 He had fancied Carmel this long time.
2001 S. Paretsky Total Recall (2002) xxx. 306 It's true we've been friends this long time.
P3. As adjective, in various idiomatic phrases.
a. long of life (in Old English lang līfes): possessing a long lifespan; long-lived. Now somewhat archaic. [Compare long-lived adj. and Old English langlīfe (see long-lived adj.).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring
longeOE
longsomeeOE
long of lifeOE
lastinga1225
cleaving1340
continualc1340
dwellingc1380
long-livinga1382
everlastingc1384
long-duringa1387
long-lasting?a1400
long-liveda1400
broadc1400
permanable?c1422
perseverant?a1425
permanentc1425
perdurable?a1439
continuedc1440
abiding1448
unremoved1455
eternalc1460
long-continued1464
continuing1526
long-enduring1527
enduring1532
immortal1538
diuturn?1541
veterated1547
resiant?1567
stayinga1568
well-wearinga1568
substantive1575
pertinacious1578
extant1581
ceaseless1590
marble1596
of length1597
longeval1598
diuturnal1599
nine-lived1600
chronic1601
unexhausted1602
chronical1604
endurable1607
continuant1610
indeflourishing1610
aged1611
indurant1611
continuatea1616
perennious1628
seculara1631
undiscontinueda1631
continuated1632
untransitory1632
long-spun1633
momently1641
stative1643
outliving1645
constant1653
long-descended1660
voluminousa1661
perduring1664
perdurant1671
livelong1673
perennial1676
longeve1678
consequential1681
unquenched1703
lifelong1746
momentary1755
inveterate1780
stabile1797
persistent1826
unpassing1831
all-time1846
year-long1846
teak-built1847
lengthful1855
long-term1867
long haul1873
sticky1879
week-to-week1879
perenduring1883
long-range1885
longish1889
long-time1902
long run1904
long-life1915
OE Prognostics (Calig. A.xv) (2007) 430 Gif mann bið akenned on anre nihte ealne monan, se bið lang lifes & welig.
lOE Prognostics (Hatton) (2007) 432 Se þe bið acenned on vi nihtne [monan], se biþ lange lifes & geselig.
1533 tr. Erasmus Enchiridion Militis Christiani vi. sig. E.iiijv This vice to be as it were Hidra, whome Hercules fought withall a quycke monstre longe of lyfe [L. vivax] & fruytful.
1591 F. Sparry tr. C. de Cattan Geomancie 97 They [sc. children] shall be of good nature and complexion, and not long of life [Fr. qui viuront peu].
1611 E. Aston tr. J. Boemus Manners, Lawes, & Customes iii. v. 211 The people of Thrace exceed all other men in bignesse and stature of body,..their speech terrible, and themselues long of life.
1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. i. 11) 9 It is remarkable that no Pope, of any note for activity in his office, was long of life.
1812 F. Burney Jrnls. & Lett. (1975) VI. 620 Literature, as well as astronomy, is long of life.
1895 Amer. Anthropologist 8 359 These relations suggest that the desert plants should be found exceptionally long of life and exceptionally scant of seeds.
1921 R. W. Child Velvet Black 246 The Notion..clung with its little, tenacious, multitudinous claws to the inner wall of his heart, asleep like a bat, but long of life.
2010 S. S. Tepper Waters Rising (2011) ii. 48 The Tingawans are said to be slow growing, long of life, slow to age.
b. (all) the long day (also night, etc.): throughout the entirety of (the specified period); ‘all the day (etc.) long’ (see long adv.1 3). Cf. livelong adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [adverb] > all day
(all) the long day (also night, etc.)c1275
from sun to suna1500
from morn to (also till) eve (or night)1598
daylong1614
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [noun] > one day in the future > far in the future
(all) the long day (also night, etc.)c1275
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14133 Heo bigunnen to fihten alle þene longe dæi[c1300 Otho al þane lang day].
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10491 (MED) Þe king..hangede men gultles vor wraþþe al longe day.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 12624 Þi fader & I. as many way. soȝt þe a-boute þis lange day.
c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 50 Walkynge in the mede..The longe day thus walkynge in the grene.
a1554 J. Croke tr. Thirteen Psalms (1844) xxxviii. 13 To trap me, yf they coulde, They studied wiles all the longe daye.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 36 All sterres with in this circle included, do nether rise, nor yet set, but turne round about the pole, all the longe nyght.
1609 T. Ravenscroft Deuteromelia 18 The Chimney-sweeper all the long day, he singeth and sweepeth the soote away.
a1665 J. Quarles tr. J. Cats Self-conflict (1680) 72 He shall thy mind afflict, That from wish'd rest deprive, and the long night Extract so all thy strength and youthful sp'rite.
1731 G. Lillo Silvia ii. ii. 27 An unhappy Man, who has wandred all the long Night, not knowing where he went.
1780 S. Johnson Let. 11 Apr. (1992) III. 235 My Mistress..laughs, and frisks, and frolicks it all the long day.
1849 Holden's Dollar Mag. Aug. 470/1 Toiling they were all the long day—and for what?
1874 Congregationalist (Boston, Mass.) 5 Feb. 46/6 Posy pink, honey-bunch, tell me, I pray, What are you good for all the long day?
1905 Polit. Sci. Q. 20 192 Fifteen thousand men and women had remained steadfastly in the uncomfortable seats and the vitiated atmosphere of a veritable fire-trap all the long night.
1987 P. Gregory Wideacre (2003) v. 115 All the long year you watch the earth and the sky.
2009 Internat. Herald Tribune (Nexis) 22 Jan. 7 All the long day, it was like that. The new president's name..was just the restorative the enormous crowds needed.
c.
†(a) at (the) long going: = in the long run at long run n. 1. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1450 (c1405) Mum & Sothsegger (BL Add. 41666) (1936) l. 70 (MED) That likne I to lyers, for, atte þe long goyng, Of euery seggis sawe þe sothe wol be knowe.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. l. 136 Þey lepith als lygh[t]ly, at þe longe goynge, Out of þe domes carte.
1521 tr. C. de Pisan Body of Polycye iii. l. sig. n.ii Thoughe so be that this narracyon be but lytell & shorte yet at longe goynge it is no lytell matter.
†(b) at (the) long running: = in the long run at long run n. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > in the end or at last
umbe longeOE
at (the) long runninga1450
at longc1450
at length1525
at the length1525
at (the) long run1607
in the long run1768
in (also on, upon) the long run1814
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > future events > [adverb] > in the long run
at (the) long runninga1450
at (the) long run1607
at the lengh1612
in the run1654
in the long run1768
in (also on, upon) the long run1814
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 1630 At long rennyng, loue beste schal preue.
1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. c iiiv Their interrupcion, Shall tourne to their destruccion, At longe runnynge fynally.
1617 J. Davies Wits Bedlam sig. G8 Till, at long running..The Prince cuts off the Pipe, in Fortunes sunning, And turnes the Water-course an other way.
1670 R. Baxter Cure Church-div. 150 At the long running, the wound will be found to be increased, and the cure the harder because of the delay.
1680 R. Baxter Moral Prognostication i. xcv. 25 As knowing, that at long-running, its only Truth that will stand upper-most.
d. (to) the longest day one lives and variants: as long as one lives; (to) the end of one's life.
ΚΠ
1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one i. sig. B3 I will teach him to strike a naked face, the longest day of his life, slid it shall cost me some money, but Ile bring this boxe into the Chancery.
1681 T. Otway Souldiers Fortune iii. i. 39 Lady D. But will you love me then as well as e're you did? Sir Da. Ay, and the longest day I live too.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. v. 29 Now, friend, you'll remember me the longest day you have to live.
1774 J. Andrews Let. 11 Aug. (1866) 340 I shall never get the idea out of my mind the longest day I have to live.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet II. iv. 85 I will take such measures for silencing you, as you shall remember the longest day you have to live.
1873 To-day (Philadelphia) 3 May 520/1 That boy would never forget his punishment the longest day he ever lived.
1911 H. S. Harrison Queed xxv. 321 You'd be a marked man to the longest day you lived.
1992 B. Sloan Mafia Candidate xv. 234 I'll never forgive you for that, Tom... Not the longest day I live.
†e. through long and broad ——: throughout the whole of (a country). Cf. length and breadth at length n. 1b. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > here, there, etc. > [phrase] > everywhere
far and near or nighOE
in length and (in) breadth (or brede)a1250
high and low1525
here, there, and everywherea1593
in every stead1596
through long and broad ——1617
from Dan to Beersheba1738
all along the line1877
all over the auction1930
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. iv. iii. 195 Each person..possessing (through long and broad Germany)..500 gold Guldens, should yerely pay half a gold Gulden.
f. Scottish. at long weapons: (fighting) at long range, rather than at close quarters. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > [adverb] > at long range
at long weapons1721
1721 A. Welwood Meditations 158 You were of too meek a Nature to hold the Devil and his Slaves at long Weapons.
1723 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 16 This would be..liker honest men, than to keep us at long weapons, and fighting in the dark.
1754 J. MacLaurin Nature Eccl. Govt. 55 He undertakes to fight us at long weapons.
g. to cut (also make) a long story short: to be brief or concise. Typically used as sentence adverbial, with the sense ‘in short, in summary, briefly’, sometimes (in later use) elliptically as long story short.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > be concise or brief [verb (intransitive)]
to be at a (also one) wordOE
to make short1556
to be brief1588
abbreviate1596
to cut short1691
to cut (also make) a long story short1732
to make short of long1883
1732 J. Thomson Specimen Thought Gloomy Region 24 But to make a long Story short, the Pope, and Pretender, and his Adherents..are dismissed with Costs, as the Law says.
1765 O. Goldsmith Ess. xxi. 191 To make a long story short, he wanted a servant, and hired me.
1828 Manuscript 1 102 To cut a long story short, my detachment was marched to the Sugar-house in Liberty-street.
1884 Cent. Mag. Nov. 15/2 Then I hired the tavern-stand, and—well, to make a long story short, then I got married.
1906 Conservator June 59/2 Binns has not made a long story short.
1946 C. Bush Case Second Chance x. 142 And so, to make a long story short, I began my watch.
1987 Los Angeles Times 20 Dec. (Calendar section) 2/2 Well, long story short, they give me two minutes and I don't know what to get.
2010 P. Daniels Class Actor i. 7 But, to cut a long story short..my parents got married as soon as the war ended.
h. long in the tooth.
(a) Of a horse: having teeth from which the gums have receded so as to expose the roots, as a result of increasing age.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [adjective] > having particular type of mouth > with particular type of teeth
shell-toothed1717
long in the tooth1834
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 182 A brown gawky leggy Rozinante, very long in the tooth, and showing every bone in his skin, was generally ridden by his courier.
1864 Baily's Mag. Aug. 267 It is not often one in his position can put his hand upon four such ready-made horses, although the last-named was a little long in the tooth.
1953 L. P. Hartley Go-between (1958) vii. 82 This is the bay mare..and this grey one's Boxer, but he's getting a bit long in the tooth.
1996 M. Blakely Too Long at Dance (1998) lxvii. 412 He was getting long in the tooth and had put thousands of miles of trail behind him, but..Caleb had spared him from many hard rides.
(b) More generally: (somewhat) old, elderly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.)
oldeOE
winteredeOE
oldlyOE
over-oldOE
eldernc1175
at-oldc1200
stricken on, in age, in eldec1380
oldlya1382
(well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386
ancientc1400
aged1420
well-agedc1450
ripec1480
passing oldc1485
(well) shot in years1530
old aged1535
agey1547
Ogygian1567
strucken1576
oldish1580
stricken in yearsa1586
declined1591
far1591
struck1597
Nestorian1605
overripe1605
elderly1611
eld1619
antiquated1631
enaged1631
thorough-old1639
emerita1643
grandevous1647
magnaevous1727
badgerly1753
(as) old as the hills1819
olden days1823
crusted1833
long in the tooth1841
oldened1854
mature1867
over the hill1950
1841 N. Michel Henry of Monmouth i. 9 I will make love to her too, or perhaps, considering she is a little too long in the tooth for me, a friend might manage it instead.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. ii. 50 She was lean, and yellow, and long in the tooth; all the red and white in all the toyshops of London could not make a beauty of her.
1919 J. C. Snaith Love Lane xxi. 106 One of the youngest R.A.s [i.e. Rear Admirals] on record, but a bit long in the tooth for the army.
1957 J. Braine Room at Top xii. 124 A trifle long in the tooth, mark you, but she has style, real style.
1972 Sunday Express 24 Dec. 2/5 To be honest I am getting quite long in the tooth and this is a method of bringing children into my Christmas.
2002 Computer Music Jan. 104/3 The Mark 2 model has been with us since 98 now, so could be considered a bit long in the tooth.
i. it's (also that's) a long story: used to indicate that something is too complicated or involved to be briefly described (frequently with the implication that someone is reluctant to divulge information). Also simply long story.
ΚΠ
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. i. 18 ‘Where have you been so long?’ ‘It's a long story, sir.’
1898 Detroit Free Press 31 Aug. 4/3 ‘Why?’ ‘It's a long story.’
1938 Escanaba (Mich.) Daily Press 28 Apr. 11/4 ‘Did you reach any definite conclusions with the president?’ ‘That's a long story.’
1958 J. Popplewell Dear Delinquent i. ii. 25 Why do you think Mr. Warren has anything to do with the affair?.. It's a long story, miss.
1998 C. Coulter Target (1999) 84 I don't have my laptop and modem with me. Long story.
2010 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 6 Aug. 7 What's happened there tonight, Brian? Tell me... It's a long story.
j. colloquial (originally U.S.). long on: well supplied with, having plenty of. Also in extended use: having great knowledge or command of (a subject, etc.). Cf. sense A. 16, short on at short adj. 18h, short of at short adj. 18e.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > intellectual command, mastery > [adjective]
well-learedeOE
well-learned1425
ripe1458
well-informeda1500
well-studied1530
travailed1551
great1552
learned1556
read1574
well-read1574
long on1875
the mind > possession > supply > [adjective] > provided or supplied with something > well-provided or supplied > with, in, or for something
richc1175
repletec1384
strongc1450
ripe1579
wealthy1608
well off1775
rife1787
plus1808
well to pass1809
long on1929
1875 Rep. Commissioners Freedman's Savings & Trust Company 81 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (43rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Misc. Doc. 16) I He is long on his deposits and short on his cash.
1882 G. W. Peck Peck's Sunshine 48 Millions of Bibles were shipped to this country by the firm that was ‘long’ on Bibles.
1913 R. Kipling Diversity of Creatures (1917) 286 He was long on Kings. And Continental crises.
1929 W. R. Burnett Little Caesar iv. vi. 147 You're long on regard yourself, ain't you Rico?
1938 S. Chase Tyranny of Words vii. 78 Governor Lehmann, deficient in logic but long on human understanding, commuted the sentence.
1969 Guardian 22 Jan. 1/7 The new team is admittedly long on business management and short on statesmanship.
2008 New Yorker 24 Nov. 126/3 She's..a skilled ham, long on humor, spritz, and vigor, but hardly a visionary.
k. Cricket. the long handle: the action or practice of batting freely and aggressively; esp. in to use (also apply, etc.) the long handle, to give it (also a person) the long handle.Originally with reference to the greater hitting power of a long-handled bat as contrasted with the short-handled or ‘Harrow’ bat; cf. Harrow n.3 1
ΚΠ
1883 Uppingham School Mag. Oct. 236 Lucas again well set, being ultimately secured in his anxiety to give them the long handle, having played perfect cricket for his century.
1897 K. S. Ranjitsinhji Jubilee Bk. Cricket iv. 204 The best thing he can do is ‘to take the long handle’ and hit as hard as ever he can.
1914 ‘I. Hay’ Knight on Wheels xiii. 153 Healthy young barbarians who did not happen to possess any aptitude for cricket, and whose only enjoyment of the game lay in the long handle and blind swiping.
1950 Times 14 Dec. 9/4 These two, applying the long handle, added 179 runs in the 94 minutes left for play.
1996 Sporting Life (Nexis) 18 Aug. 15 They needed 95 with 11 overs left but Graham Cowdrey gave it the long handle to get them home.
2011 Times of India (Nexis) 28 July I have been concentrating on using the long handle effectively and trying to find areas where I can score boundaries regularly.
l. colloquial (originally U.S.). long time no see: (used esp. as a greeting) ‘it is a long time since we last saw each other’.
[ < Chinese Pidgin English, after Chinese hǎojiǔ bú jiàn ( < hǎojĭu long (time), lit. ‘good long (time)’ + bù not, no + jiàn to see, meet) and (with a different word for ‘not’) hǎojĭu méi jiàn .
Quot. 1894 appears to reflect indiscriminate attribution of a nonstandard expression to a non-native speaker of English; isolating constructions of this kind do not normally occur in the agglutinating languages of North America.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > courteous formulae [phrase] > terms of greeting > after a long absence
long time no see1892
you are lost2013
1892 Boston Sunday Globe 24 Jan. 2/3 ‘Goodby, Mamie,’ said Sing... ‘You come back tonight?’ ‘Maybe. I think I go see my mamma to-day. Long time no see,’ answered Mamie, who from constant association had..fallen into the habit of talking pigeon English to the Chinamen. ‘Goodby.’
1894 Boston Daily Globe 18 Feb. 9/1 Come to my tepee. Long time no see. Plenty game in mountains. We kill deer and bear.
1906 Outing Dec. 363/2 Greeting the son of a friend by whose benefits Chan Kow had enabled his extraordinary rise in America... ‘You boy—long time no see—what for?’
1939 R. Chandler in Sat. Evening Post 14 Oct. 72/4 Hi, Tony. Long time no see.
1959 C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners 68 Hail, squire... Long time no see.
2002 R. Williams Sing yer Heart out for Lads i. 25 Awright, Mark? Long time no see. Still giving it large in Paddy Land?
m. it's as long as it is broad: see broad adj. 13a. to have long hands: see hand n. Phrases 3j. at (the) long last: see last adv., adj., and n.4 Phrases 1a(a)(ii). to think long: see think v.2 13b.
P4. As noun, in phrases in collocation with short.
†a. Early Music. long and short: a melodic sequence of two tied notes of equal length followed by a third of the same length. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 78 Long and short is when we make two notes tied togither, and then another of the same kinde alone.
b. the long and (the) short of (it, etc.): all that can or need be said; the sum total, substance, or essence of (the subject under discussion); (also) the eventual outcome or result, the upshot. Cf. earlier the short and the long at short n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > consequently or as a result [phrase] > sum total or upshot
the shorta1500
summa summarum1567
the sum of sums1592
the long and the short of1622
1622 J. Taylor Sir Gregory Nonsence sig. B3 But to the purpose here's the long and short ont.
1670 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Latina 431 This is the long and the short of it.
1713 J. Addison in Guardian 15 July 2/2 This is, Sir, the long and the short of the Matter.
1770 S. Foote Lame Lover ii. 50 And that, Mr. John, is the long and the short on't.
1830 Mirror of Lit. 27 Mar. 213/1 The long and the short of the story is this.
1899 W. Besant Orange Girl i. ix. 97 The long and the short of it..is that you must pay me this money.
1916 B. Drillien tr. P. Mille Louise & Barnavaux ii. 239 It is so much more to their interest to be devils, but they simply can't, and that's the long and short of it.
1966 Irish Times 30 Mar. 10/1 Clive Gammon..has given us the long and the short of all the sport that abounds in our territorial and largely unguarded seas.
2002 B. Johnston tr. J. Pilch His Current Woman iv. 20 The long and the short of it will be that for weeks on end everybody will be offended with everybody else to the point that no one will be speaking to anyone.
c. longs and shorts.
(a) Prosody. Elegiac meter; poetry composed in this meter, esp. as a school exercise. Cf. long and short adj. 1. Now rare.So called because it consists of alternating hexameters and pentameters.
ΚΠ
1810 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 361 Our Latinists have tortured longs and shorts, to the great advantage of those who..begin to lisp propria quæ maribus.
1871 M. Arnold Friendship's Garland vi. 51 ‘I have seen some longs and shorts of Hittall's’, said I, ‘about the Calydonian Boar, which were not bad’.
1901 Law Times 22 June 181/1 The way to glory at Eton was..by the admired art of Latin versification, the manufacture of ‘longs and shorts’.
1934 J. Buchan Free Fishers ii. 31 He remembered something of a poem of Burns, which he had once turned into Latin longs and shorts.
(b) Masonry and Bricklaying. Long and short blocks or bricks placed alternately in a vertical line; the style of masonry characterized by this arrangement. Cf. long and short adj. 2. Now historical and rare.Chiefly with reference to Anglo-Saxon architecture.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > types of disposition of stones
emplecton1601
isodomon1601
pseudisodomon1601
net-masonry1706
Greek masonry1728
longs and shorts1884
random1886
1853 G. Godwin Hist. in Ruins x. 140 Hewn stones placed alternately flat and on end, which have been called ‘longs and shorts’.
1884 J. Earle Anglo-Saxon Lit. 54 Of Saxon construction a chief peculiarity is that which is called ‘longs and shorts’. It occurs in coins of towers, in panelling work, and sometimes in door jambs.
1967 N.Y. Times 3 Sept. (Real Estate section) 2/6 ‘Longs and shorts’ became prominent. This method emphasizes the bricks at the corners of the house by having them jut out from the wall, alternating between a long and short brick.

Compounds

C1. Used attributively with nouns forming adjectives.
long-berry adj.
ΚΠ
1836 N.-Y. Spectator 13 June At auction 108 bales Mocha taken in, even clean garled long berry at 70s 6d a 79s 6d.
1891 Daily News 10 Feb. 2/8 [Wheats] To-day 39s. 6d. was required for longberry.
2011 P. Milkias Ethiopia vi. 365 Harar is a long-berry variety of coffee and has a unique wine-like tang and sharp acidic edge.
long-exposure adj.
ΚΠ
1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 286/1 Long-exposure photographs were taken at Arequipa of three nebulae and clusters.
2002 Church Times 6 Dec. 3/3 (caption) ‘From Darkness to Light’: taperers carrying candles are caught in a long-exposure photograph, walking down the nave of Salisbury Cathedral at a service on Advent Sunday.
long-focus adj.
ΚΠ
1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 269 Long eye-piece and long focus little speculum with micrometer.
1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xiv. §3154 The same camera can be used for either short-focus portrait or long-focus landscape lenses.
1938 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 80 (advt.) An English newsphotographer was able to train his long-focus, telescopic camera on persons walking through the grounds of an estate.
2006 G. H. Smith Camera Lenses xvii. 122 You may wish to use a short-focus wide-angle lens or a long-focus tele lens.
long-gown adj. now somewhat rare
ΚΠ
1646 J. Musgrave Another Word to Wise sig. A3v What a shame is it to see the mercinary long gown-men of the House of Commons, to run up and down like so many hackney petty foggers.
1892 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel 26 Nov. 7/7 No wonder the dressmakers and seamstresses like the long gown fashion.
2008 S. Pepper Keeping Democracy at Bay vii. 144 A wispy Chinese scholar's beard and traditional long-gown style of dress.
long-journey adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > [adjective] > long-distance
long-range1809
long distance1826
long-journey1858
long haul1873
1858 Rep. Select Comm. Accidents on Railways 92 in Parl. Papers 1857–8 (H.C. 362) XIV. 555 It will very likely result in such a practice, in what we call the long journey trains, only stopping at points, say from 50 to 60, or 70 miles apart.
1990 Sci. Amer. May 62/1 Bimodal traction systems in which an electric-motor drive coexists with a conventional thermal engine so as to satisfy both urban and long-journey requirements.
long-period adj.
ΚΠ
1850 Catal. Libr. Royal Astron. Soc. 33 On a long period inequality in the Earth's motion, by Pontecoulant.
1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics 348 The typical long-period variable is Mira Ceti.
1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) iv. 86 The degree of permanence in any one habitat or area may vary with long-period climatic fluctuations.
2010 D. A. Rothery Planets: Very Short Introd. i. 15 Those are ‘long-period’ comets, and appear to have been dislodged from an ill-defined shell surrounding the Sun..known as the Oort Cloud.
long-quantity adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [adjective] > quantitative > long
longOE
long-quantity1872
1872 Young Gentleman's Mag. 651/2 A long-quantity monosyllable is introduced.
1998 Music Perception 15 327 Tables 3 and 4 present comparisons of both short- and long-quantity disyllabic and trisyllabic words starting at ictus and off-ictus metrical positions.
long-sentence adj.
ΚΠ
1837 Penny Satirist 14 Oct. 4/4 These constables are selected from among the prisoners: and those generally are chosen..as have been the most expert in their roguery, and are long sentence men.
1920 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 11 241 The preference shown by the contract shops for the long sentence inmate.
2008 A. Coyle in Y. Jewkes & J. Bennett Dict. Prisons Punishm. 158/1 Many long-sentence prisoners are now subject to uncertainties about where they will serve their sentence.
long-span adj.
ΚΠ
1867 B. Baker (title) Long-span railway bridges.
1956 Flying Mag. Nov. 92/1 Custom-engineered for aircraft hangars..this trussless steel roof called the ‘Wonder Roof’ is the first in a new line of low-cost, long span roof decks.
2001 S. Strum Barcelona: Guide Archit. iii. 22 The long-span structure covering the pool is formed of laminated wood trusses.
long-stay adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [adjective] > having prolonged residence
long-stay1913
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > public lodging-places > [adjective] > class or type of hotel
three-star1879
long-stay1913
beachfront1921
five-star1934
1913 Living Age 20 Sept. (front matter) (advt.) Splendidly equipped to entertain families and long-stay guests during the autumn and winter months.
1970 Guardian 9 July 3/2 In France today..two thirds of the beds in mental hospitals are occupied permanently by long-stay patients.
2005 C. Egleton Renegades (2006) v. 48 The long-stay car parks at Heathrow were unable to assist them.
long-wheelbase adj.
ΚΠ
1888 Railroad Gaz. 22 June 405 Mr. Mackenzie preferred swing motion trucks for long wheelbase engine.
1915 Automobile 1 Apr. 589 Will you please advise us if it takes any more power to operate a long wheelbase car than it does to operate a short wheelbase car.
2003 S. Mawer Fall (2004) xiv. 206 She came that afternoon in her battered long-wheelbase Land Rover.
C2. Forming parasynthetic adjectives (virtually unlimited in number).See also long-haired adj., long-legged adj., long-lived adj., etc.
long-backed adj.
ΚΠ
1593 G. Markham Disc. Horsmanshippe i. sig. A3v The Flaunders and Friesland [horses]..be thicke, chub-headed, hollow eyed, long backt, flatte buttockt, weake ioynted, especially in the pasterns.
1659 E. Gayton Art Longevity 41 Roast-meat, which long-back'd curres do spin on spits.
1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 17 A long back'd horse, who throws his saddle well forward.
1837 W. S. Landor Pentameron v. 280 Sitting bolt-upright in that long-backt arm-chair.
1921 Jrnl. Orthopædic Surg. 19 577 Probably 80 per cent. of the soldiers who present themselves complaining of back symptoms..are of the long backed type with varying degrees of malalignment.
2011 R. O'Hanlon South Lawn Plot ii. 9 A writing desk in front of which was a long-backed chair.
long-barrelled adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > [adjective] > by type of barrel(s)
long-barrelled1678
double-barrelled1709
double-barrel1807
twist-barrelled1858
1678 J. Ray et al. Addition: Art of Fowling i. v, in tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 34 The best Fowling-pieces are the long-barrelled [of five and a half or six foot] of an indifferent bore [somewhat under Harquebuse] for they hold the best charges, and carry the furthest level.
1782 R. Greene Particular & Descriptive Catal. Lichfield Mus. 65 A very long barreled Pistol, Snap Lock.
1859 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 445/2 These were the exploits of fifty years ago; the weapon, the old heavy-metalled, long-barrelled Kentucky rifle.
1902 Daily Chron. 20 Mar. 3/1 The rests for the long-barrelled muskets disappeared just at the beginning of the war.
2007 Daily Tel. 30 Aug. 5/2 He..immediately draws out what police believe was a long-barrelled handgun.
long-beaked adj.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Gouttreuse, a certain white, long-beaked, and tonglesse bird [i.e. a pelican].
1778 E. M. da Costa Hist. Nat. Testaceorum Brit. 133 Long-beaked Whelkes.
1876 C. Darwin Effects Cross & Self Fertilisation Veg. Kingdom x. 371 Long-beaked humming-birds visit the flowers of Brugmansia.
1957 E. C. Ogden in Fassett's Man. Aquatic Plants (rev. ed.) 149 Nutlet very small, triangular, long-stalked and long-beaked.
2005 D. Cruickshank Around World in 80 Treasures 59 The long-beaked echidna..became extinct around 15,000 years ago.
long-bearded adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [adjective] > beard > types of > having
long-beardedc1400
red-bearded1552
white-bearded1555
whey-bearded1556
grey-bearded1562
black-bearded1577
barbatulousc1600
bush-bearded1615
big-bearded1620
sand-beardeda1641
goateed1847
brown-bearded1882
peach fuzz1932
peach-fuzzed1956
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 1924 (MED) Þere was many a Sarsyn And longe-berded [a1425 Linc. Inn long berdet] Barbaryn.
?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 93 Those that were long heared or long bearded.
1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus ii. 18 Long-bearded Comets.
1764 tr. J.-F. Marmontel Moral Tales I. 26 I am..of as much value as any long-bearded philosopher of them all.
1853 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 11/1 The moody and long-bearded majesty of Spain.
1941 Motor Boating Feb. 68/2 The Viking Age when the gigantic, long-bearded Scandinavian adventurers roamed the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Dec. 19/2 Julia Margaret Cameron..photographed him as a long-bearded sage holding a violin.
long-bellied adj.
ΚΠ
1588 W. Averell Meruailous Combat of Contrarieties sig. B1v To daie you shine in sutes of silke, to morrow you iet it out in cloth of Golde,..this day that cullour, the next day another, nowe short wasted, anon long bellied.
1653 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis (rev. ed.) xx. 342 They who..more streightly constringe their Bellies with long bellied, and straight-laced Garments.
1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 110 For cutting and new fashioning a long bellied breast.
1809 Irish Mag. Jan. 2/2 How would I make the town laugh at the grimaces and whining of my long-bellied cousin the lawyer.
1944 Life 23 Oct. 22/2 Long-bellied Avenger torpedo planes.
2004 L. Hazleton Mary (2005) ii. 114 In Egypt, Nuth was always shown..arched over the earth, long-limbed and long-bellied.
long-berried adj.
ΚΠ
1811 Literary Panorama Nov. 875 They had round berried, and long berried sorts [of grape], one so long, that it was called dactylides.
1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 212 Dirty, dark, long-berried wheat, 1d. per pound.
1987 Food Technol. Austral. 39 296/2 The long-berried CGI 481 [sc. a raisin grape] is a seedling from a breeding line introduced from Argentina.
long-bladed adj.
ΚΠ
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. vii. 315/2 The other is a long Bladed Knife, with a very long Haft, half a Yard or three quarters long.
1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. ii. 53 The right way to cut asparagus is, to open the ground around the head intended to be gathered, with a very narrow and long bladed knife, filled with teeth like a saw.
1890 D. Gerard Lady Baby II. xxiv. 209 In the long-bladed grass the sparkling jewels of a heavy autumn dew.
1983 A. Grey Saigon (BNC) 72 Each of the Moi carried a long-bladed machete which had been dubbed a coupe-code in Annam.
2009 Guardian 3 Oct. (Work section) 4/3 Take your sweet chestnut poles or ‘batts’ and split them in two using a froe, or long-bladed cleaving axe.
long-bodied adj.
ΚΠ
1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie xxxvi. sig. f.iv Suche whiche be of so huge & straunge stature, be not of the wisest.., & this most especial, if they be leane long bodyed, and crane neaked.
1696 London Gaz. No. 3163/4 W. L...low of stature, somewhat long Bodied, and very short Legg'd.
1759 R. Brown Compl. Farmer v. 48 Black, long bodied, short necked, long snouted, broad backed and something longer jointed every way than the former hogs of the cross strain.
1858 F. C. Armstrong Young Middy xiv. 195 The waggon was an uncovered, long-bodied cart.
1959 A. S. Leopold Wildlife of Mexico iii. 461 Long-bodied, aquatic mammals with short legs and webbed feet.
2011 M. Hemery No Permanent Scars 250 Although the blues, greens, and reds of the butterfly wings were enchanting, a sinister, long-bodied critter hanging at the end of the wall..caught my attention.
long-celled adj.
ΚΠ
1843 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 26 The first of these subdivisions..for the most part includes the long-celled species of the genus, such as Zygnema elongatum.
1909 F. S. Collins Green Algae N. Amer. 96 A small, delicate, long celled form, often found with the type.
2004 Mycologia 96 418/2 Hyphae adnate to the substrate are long-celled and loosely interwoven.
long-clawed adj.
ΚΠ
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. iii. 1414 (margin) Long clawed Swine.
1777 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, quarto) IV. v. 6 Cancer. Crab... Cassivelaunus..Long-clawed.
1812 P. B. Shelley in Lady Shelley Mem. (1859) 44 I am one of those formidable and long-clawed animals called a man.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1218 In spite of the spurs the spectral tarsier manages to insert his long-clawed fingers with good effect.
2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons ii. ii. 92 The bear's long-clawed forepaws drew closed around him.
long-coated adj.
ΚΠ
1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 39 Whiles I am shuffling and cutting with these long coated Turkes.
1645 D. North Forest of Varieties 225 A Coach drawn by six Mules,..a long-Coated Postillion, with Pistols upon the foremost.
1785 E. Rigby Ess. Theory Production Animal Heat xxii. 302 The long coated Iceland dogs.
1861 W. F. Collier Hist. Eng. Lit. 123 Hordes of long-coated peasants gathered round Kilcolman.
1950 Life 5 June 51/1 He had money in his pocket now and flashy, long-coated zoot suits on his back.
2006 Wag! (Dogs Trust) Summer 14/3 Silky and long-coated types will need combing and brushing with a soft wire ‘slicker’ brush every day.
long-crested adj.
ΚΠ
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cxvii. 168 After which come large, & long-crested, black-shining Seed.
1735 J. Keogh Bot. Univ. Hibernica 59 The flesh of a long crested lark eaten roasted.
1834 Lancet 29 Mar. 7/2 The spinous processes indeed of all the vertebræ are here large and strong, from the long-crested axis to the middle of the lengthened tail.
1925 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 107 201 After an interval of 10 to 30 seconds the long-crested waves may be seen emerging from the catspaw.
2007 J. Acorn Deep Alberta 113 Some palaeontologists have suggested that there were long-crested and short-crested Parasaurolophus.
long-experienced adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > [adjective] > knowing about, familiar with
craftyOE
slyc1175
coutha1225
well acquainteda1250
privyc1300
cunningc1325
well-groundeda1438
acquainted?a1439
familiar1509
at home1531
overseen1533
intelligent1546
long-experienced1567
conversant1573
skilful1596
accomplished1603
frequent1609
well (better, best) verseda1610
understanding1612
sound1615
studieda1616
technical1617
versed1622
conversing1724
versant1787
on intimate habits1809
special1830
inquainted1849
pre-acquainted1907
sophisticated1952
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 85 I hope you wil conferre my presente meaninge in this matter, with the longe experienced faythe and affection whiche heretofore you haue noted in me.
1645 J. Vicars Gods Arke 215 In strong and long experienced confidence in God.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Cinyras & Myrrha in Fables 180 My long-experienc'd Age shall be your Guide.
1846 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 136/1 This sensible Essay is the production of a long-experienced practical teacher.
1929 Pop. Aviation & Aeronaut. Mar. 79/1 (advt.) Every other instructor on our staff is a long experienced transport flier.
2000 B. Bova Venus (2001) 87 As if she were a long-experienced scientist, she buried her enthusiasm and answered noncommittally.
long-fleeced adj.
ΚΠ
1820 Times May 27 3/3 He..would be as much disappointed in the result of his endeavours, as the man who should carry to the torrid zone the long-fleeced sheep peculiar to England.
1911 W. H. Koebel In Maoriland Bush vii. 115 Sheep of all breeds, whether close-woolled merinos or long-fleeced Lincolns, are wont to develop a power of obstinacy.
2001 M. Wadley Gripping Beast (2002) xii. 95 A huddle of long-fleeced sheep stared at me from behind a wire mesh fence.
long-flowered adj.
ΚΠ
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) iii. xvii. 1312 (caption) Long floured Broome Rape.
1732 J. Martyn tr. J. P. de Tournefort Hist. Plants Paris I. 238 The round and long flowered Cat's-foot differ in sex.
1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. V. 184 Order. Hydrocharideæ..(Long-flowered Anacharis).
1905 Garden Mag. Nov. 177/2 It was found that the long-flowered lily could be forced more easily.
2011 D. M. Watson Mistletoes S. Austral. iv. 146/1 (caption) The first depiction of Long-flowered Mistletoe.
long-fronted adj.
ΚΠ
1616 J. Bingham in tr. Ælian Tactiks viii. 59 If of your ordinarie Phalange, you would make a long fronted Phalange, your rankes are to bee doubled.
1751 C. Bisset Theory & Constr. Fortif. ii. xiv. 131 The Strength of the long fronted Hexagon thus fortified, will amount to about 43 Days.
1832 M. R. Mitford Our Village V. 60 A very long-fronted, very regular, very ugly brick house.
1922 J. S. Fletcher Ravensdene Court i. 16 A low-roofed, long-fronted inn.
2007 Sunday Times (Nexis) 7 Oct. (Travel section) 4 Our home for the night was a long-fronted house with a large family, an excitable dog and several calves outside.
long-gowned adj.
ΚΠ
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 95 We had been rather..in the dominion of a long gownde [L. togati] magistrate, then in subiection to the victory of an harnessed warriour.
1621 G. Wither Motto (new ed.) sig. A8v I haue no neede of these long-gowned warriors.
a1754 W. Hamilton tr. Homer in Poems Several Occasions (1760) 191 The Trojan youth, and long-gown'd Trojan dames.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. viii. 144 The long-gowned Senators of France.
1917 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 510/2 Dignified long-gowned merchants, what is your fine dream for this outlying province?
2007 J. B. Jenkins & C. Fabry Bk. of King iii. 16 ‘What about my burger?’ a long-gowned girl said.
long-grained adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [adjective] > qualities of
fire-fangeda1522
well-winnowed1585
kerned1602
winnowed1609
long-grained1614
chafflessa1616
grindable1652
mealable1823
cracked1833
ungrindable1840
millable1869
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [adjective] > of cereal plants > long-grain
long-grained1614
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia iii. 104 Then downe is feld the long-grain'd Ash [L. procumbunt orni], The knotty Holme in twaine they slash.
1757 R. Stephenson Inq. State & Progress Linen Manuf. Ireland ii. 109 In doing so they make a long-grained cloth which is hateful to the buyer.
1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants ii. 156 Long grained Virginia corn.
1917 Motor Age 11 Jan. 49/1 The front seats of the limousine are trimmed in long-grained hand-buffed leather in full French plaits without buttons.
2011 Guardian 17 Feb. 17 As long as you get the measurements right, I guarantee the recipe below will work perfectly with all sorts of long-grained rice.
long-handled adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > [adjective] > type of, generally
steel1340
invasible1489
saultable1570
expugnatory1601
long-handled1611
shaftless1811
incendiary1871
conventional1955
targetable1972
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [adjective] > types of aid
long-handled1611
prusik1937
the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [adjective] > of miscellaneous apparatus
long-handled1800
Soxhlet1889
stalagmometric1910
potentiostatic1955
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Guisarme, a kind of (offensiue) long-handled, and long-headed, weapon.
1736 R. Brookes tr. J.-B. Du Halde et al. Gen. Hist. China II. 48 Several Guards, some armed with Maces, and others with long-handled Sabres.
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 37 Remove the oxide with a long-handled iron spoon.
1931 Pop. Mech. Aug. 192/1 Grass trimming along walks..is speeded up with a long-handled grass shears that is operated with one hand.
2001 J. T. Hallinan Going up River i. 13 Most days the tool of choice is a sharp, long-handled hoe known as an aggie.
long-heeled adj.
ΚΠ
1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. H2v My long-heel'd Troglodite, I could make thine eares burne now.
1778 Appeal to Reason (ed. 2) 382 He..was bandy-legged, long-heeled, splay-footed.
1884 National Live-stock Jrnl. Mar. 110/1 On returning the animal to work, shoe with a rather long-heeled shoe.
1902 H. Garland Captain of Gray-Horse Troop iii. 31 His horse,..his spurs, his long-heeled boots—every detail was as it should be.
2007 D. Abu-Jaber Origin (2008) x. 89 She..tilts one long-heeled burgundy pump.
long-jointed adj.
ΚΠ
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vi. viii. 742 The wood is long iointed[Fr. long noué], of a thicke and grosse pith.
1726 N. B. Farrier's & Horseman's Dict. 121 Clamponnier or Clapponier..a long jointed horse.
1869 A. R. Wallace Malay Archipel. I. v. 126 Thin long-jointed Bamboos form the Dyaks' only water-vessels.
1939 Science 29 Sept. 298/1 Other obvious differences are larger size and later fruiting, long-jointed trunks, closed leaf-sheaths, [etc.].
2005 M. Langford & E. Bilissi Langford's Adv. Photogr. (ed. 7) xiii. 312 A waterproof flashgun on a long-jointed arm..is the best option.
long-leafed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective] > having leaves of particular shape or size
broad-leaved1552
long-leaved1562
narrow-leaved1578
round-leaved1597
small-leaved1597
long-leafed1629
rosemary-leaved1633
rue-leaved1633
teretifolious1657
cut-leaved1731
longleaf1733
channel-leaved1758
halberd-shaped1770
alder-leaved1772
oak-leaved1776
holly-leaved1777
ivy-leaved1789
halberd-headed1795
daisy-leaved1796
narrow-leaf1804
oblique-leaved1807
sword-leaved1807
wing-leaved1822
flaggy1842
curly1845
macrophyllous1857
parvifolious1857
shield-leaved1860
curled1861
symphyllous1877
beak-leaved188.
stenophyllous1880
thread-leaved1884
megaphyllous1901
little leaf1908
ivy-leaf1909
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole xxiiii. 196 (heading) Cyclamen autumnale angustifolium. Long leafed sowebread.
1792 J. Pope Tour Southern & Western Territories U.S. 46 Long-leaf'd Pine, Hickory..and Walnut Trees grow to their usual Height.
1937 Discovery Dec. 364/2 The Greater Gliding 'Possum..feeds also on several other eucalypts, particularly manna-gum and long-leafed box.
2003 Gulf News (Nexis) 5 Jan. The long-leafed red variety of pineapple..is the source of the famous and flimsy pineapple cloth.
long-leaved adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective] > having leaves of particular shape or size
broad-leaved1552
long-leaved1562
narrow-leaved1578
round-leaved1597
small-leaved1597
long-leafed1629
rosemary-leaved1633
rue-leaved1633
teretifolious1657
cut-leaved1731
longleaf1733
channel-leaved1758
halberd-shaped1770
alder-leaved1772
oak-leaved1776
holly-leaved1777
ivy-leaved1789
halberd-headed1795
daisy-leaved1796
narrow-leaf1804
oblique-leaved1807
sword-leaved1807
wing-leaved1822
flaggy1842
curly1845
macrophyllous1857
parvifolious1857
shield-leaved1860
curled1861
symphyllous1877
beak-leaved188.
stenophyllous1880
thread-leaved1884
megaphyllous1901
little leaf1908
ivy-leaf1909
1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. xlv, in Bulwarke of Defence This herbe Angelica is verie longe leaued indented, or with small teeth like Eldren, a greate stalke, and hollowe, a bigge sweete roote.
?1606 M. Drayton Man in Moone in Poemes sig. H3v Long leau'd willow on whose bending spray, The pide kings-fisher..sat.
1785 H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 83 Long-leaved Mountain Magnolia or Cucumber Tree.
1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. V. 95 Long-leaved Sallow.
1942 W. de la Mare Songs of Childhood 86 The twilight rain shone at its gates, Where long-leaved grass in shadow grew.
2008 Washington Post (Nexis) 7 Feb. h5 The oldest lettuce type is the upright, long-leaved Romaine.
long-limbed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > [adjective] > types of > having
jamby?a1400
well-legged1566
spindle-shankedc1600
spindle-shank1604
post-legged1608
splay-legged1638
duck-legged1650
stalk-legged1659
long-limbed1660
sharp-shinned1704
spindle-legged1710
leggy1776
red-legged1817
flamingo-legged1862
thick-legged1873
split-up1874
pin-legged1884
lank-legged1906
straddly1921
1660 H. Fletcher Perfect Politician 303 Round sums of money were granted to carry on the Spanish War..that so the Protector might with more facility bang the legs of that long-limb'd Enemy.
1721 Lay-man's Plain Remarks 8 About the same time a dangerous War with a Long-limb'd Enemy began.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xli. 92 One of those long-limbed..figures, to whom it is difficult to assign any precise age.
1950 Boys' Life Dec. 50/3 The Canadian's long-limbed dogs swept past Roland on the home stretch.
2011 New Yorker 4 July 11/1 This is the role for which the long-limbed, super-flexible ballerina is best known.
long-locked adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [adjective] > having long
long-hairedc1405
long-locked1577
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. vi. sig. Ji.iij/1 They were called Nazarites, as who should say, longe locked or shagge haired people [L. quasi tu dicas comatum].
1640 J. Gower tr. Ovid Festivalls iii. 60 The long-lock'd Indians [L. depexos crinibus Indos] Liber i' th' mean time Subdu'd.
1797 R. Warner Illustr. Rom. Antiq. discovered at Bath 71 This [hairstyle]..procured him [sc. Apollo], amongst the Greeks, the appellation ακερσεκομης, or long-locked.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxxvii. 25 Peerless paragon of the tribe long-lock'd [L. tu praeter omnes une de capillatis].
1942 Life 26 Jan. 51/3 The long-locked Veronica Lake..proves now that her fame doesn't hang by a hair.
2008 N. Eustace Liberty as Gale ix. 406 Liberty, figured as a long-locked young woman reclining on a rock.
long-memoried adj.
ΚΠ
1824 S. E. Brydges Lett. on Byron xxx. 278 Long-memoried but light-minded Anthony Wood, in his silly attempt to disparage Lord Clarendon, is to me an apt illustration of my theory.
1914 Green Bk. Mag. Dec. 1006/1 Not being continually reminded by long-memoried folk of the date of their birth.
2010 D. Hammond Seeing Stars vii. 111 Ruth was the people person: warm, curious, and long-memoried when it came to children's names and natures.
long-mouthed adj.
ΚΠ
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis 125 The long-mouth'd Wilk, Murex Labris parallelis.
1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. III. xlvi. 345 The long mouthed screw shell is about three quarters of an inch long.
1805 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 335 The sods are dried for covering the long-mouthed drain, as it is called, which is 18 inches deep, and 4 inches wide at the bottom.
1900 F. H. Winterburn Southern Hearts 371 The great beast..resembled some creature in process of transformation to some other species, so shambling, so long-mouthed, so ashamed of his own appearance did he seem.
2011 M. Yip Song of Silk Road xxxiii. 317 The brother..poured water into the long-mouthed teapot.
long-pasterned adj.
ΚΠ
1685 London Gaz. No. 2036/8 A light dapple Gray Gelding,..long pasternd,..and a little Mare-fac'd.
1829 Sporting Mag. Feb. 267/1 The arcs described by them, in the long pasterned horse, where they roll upon the back sinews, must be larger.
2007 J. Warson & A. Hendrickson Rider's Pain-free Back vii. 150/1 A long-cannoned, long-pasterned, sloping-shouldered horse may be a wonderful ride on a trail, but will probably be an unfit competitor in the cutting ring.
long-quartered adj.
ΚΠ
1688 London Gaz. No. 2361/4 A strawberry Mare, with a shorn Mane,..long quarter'd, and six years old.
1800 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1148/1 The shoes are long-quartered, a mode never entirely set aside to this hour, as being unquestionably the most becoming covering to the foot.
1970 R. E. Hunsley et al. Livestock Judging & Eval. v. 368 Topline and Rear Quarters... A well-balanced, strong-topped, long-quartered stallion.
long-ribbed adj.
ΚΠ
1693 J. Dryden tr. Persius Satires i. 12 He who in his line, can chine the long-rib'd Apennine [L. costam longo subduximus Appennino].
1739 R. Barton Farrago 3 The long-rib'd Mourne for simples fam'd appears.
1820 W. Scott Abbot I. viii. 162 (motto) The long ribb'd aisles are burst and shrunk.
1920 Breeder's Gaz. 23 Sept. 582/2 A short-legged, long-ribbed individual with a sire's front and royal quality.
2008 B. Levy Conquistador (2009) xviii. 239 Eight thousand tamanes trudged along beneath the excruciating weight of the long-ribbed hull timbers.
long-ridged adj.
ΚΠ
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxvii. 130 That long-ridg'd Rocke, her fathers high renowne.
1767 R. Jago Edge-hill ii. 48 The long-ridg'd Mow, Or shapely Pyramid, with conic Roof, Dressing the Landscape.
1849 Eliza Cook's Jrnl. 1 Dec. 70/2 I examined attentively its diminutive grey body, its awkward little wings, long legs, its long-ridged bill.
1921 J. W. Muller Rainbow's Foot 26 No more the long-ridged breakers Tempt us to haul from shore.
2005 C. J. Corbally in U. Görman et al. Creative Creatures xiii. 162 This long-ridged mountain in south-eastern Arizona is 3200 m. at its highest point.
long-robed adj.
ΚΠ
1599 L. Lewkenor in tr. G. Contarini Commonw. & Gouernment Venice To Rdr. sig. A3 Long robed citizens to bee serued.
1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xxii. 316 All of Ahab's long-robed Favourites were tinctured with demonical mendacity.
1752 H. Fielding Amelia III. ix. iii. 233 Women and the Clergy are upon the same Footing. The long-robed Gentry are exempted from the Laws of Honour.
1852 J. Bonomi Nineveh & its Palaces iv. ii. 294 Five of the newly-conquered people, capped, booted, and long-robed.
1922 M. H. Chapin Stone in Path viii. 89 She could see the long-robed figure of a Dominican standing there.
2007 J. Portal First Emperor i. 42 The regular long-robed, light archers would have given the Qin formation speed and mobility.
long-roofed adj.
ΚΠ
1822 W. Wordsworth Memorials of Tour on Continent 99 Volumes of sound, from the Cathedral roll'd, This long-roofed Vista penetrate.
1918 Sun-Maid Herald May 1/1 The long-roofed rows are separated by at least four feet of working space.
2008 D. Wroblewski Story Edgar Sawtelle 196 He waited under the long-roofed entryway as the buses revved their engines and lumbered forward.
long-rooted adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring > of long standing
longOE
oldOE
veterate?1541
long-rooted1562
of long standinga1568
old-standinga1627
veteran1648
long-running1651
long-standing1655
old-established1776
long-breathed1816
long-time1851
the world > plants > part of plant > root > plant defined by roots > [adjective] > having or not having roots > of particular type or number
long-rooted1562
taprooted1725
polyrhizous1858
radicellose1881
polyrhizal1890
stem-rooting1896
stilt-rooted1974
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 113 The long rooted rape, groweth very plenteously a litle from Linne, where as much oyle is made of the sede of it.
1699 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 21 293 The Radishes..and the round and long Rooted Turnep.
1795 Rep. Comm. Board Agric. conc. Culture & Use Potatoes 148 An instrument that is used for taking up carrots, is also a good contrivance for digging up the long-rooted weeds.
1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xi. 264 It costs, then, nothing..to renounce long-rooted privileges and possessions.
2007 K. Hawkins Allotment Cookbk. (2008) 25/1 Long-rooted beetroot are ready to dig in November.
long-shafted adj. [compare Old English langsceaft having a long shaft]
ΚΠ
a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. Cv He should have a long shafted spoon that sups kail with the devil.
1771 J. Ayloffe Hist. Descr. Anc. Picture Windsor Castle 21 In his right hand he holds a long-shafted cross.
1856 Western Lit. Messenger Oct. 66/1 The long-shafted parasols without fringe.
1922 Boys' Life Dec. 14/1 Og and Ru and several others..brandished long-shafted flint-pointed weapons.
2007 Vanity Fair May 281/2 A canoe with a long-shafted, six-horsepower outboard propeller that can be raised quickly from the water.
long-shanked adj.
ΚΠ
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. ii. 310 Marke what long-shanked legs above ordinary she [sc. Nature] hath given unto them [sc. gnats] [Fr. ou les iarrets qu'il a ainsi longs & estenduz; L. praelongavit pedum crura].
1706 T. D'Urfey Wonders in Sun iii. i. 53 That Long-shank'd Devil, there stands too near me, to let me be diverted, Pox take him.
1831 Mechanics' Mag. 12 Mar. 19/1 The head of a long-shanked hook.
1922 Cent. Mag. May 44/2 His long-shanked spurs trailed in the dust.
2006 A. Epstein Circle Cast (2011) iv. 47 The taller rider, a boy, long-shanked and spindly.
long-shaped adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [adjective]
longOE
eavelonga1387
long-warpeda1400
oblong?a1425
long-shaped1575
longwise1600
oblongish1665
elongate1828
elongated1828
oblongitudinal1892
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xx. 50 All long shaped Harts haue longer breath, and are swyfter of bodye, than the short proportioned are.
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God ii. ix. 67 The Comedian scoffed..at his long shaped head.
1722 R. Bradley Gen. Treat. Husbandry II. 219 La Donville..is large and long shaped, of a yellowish red Colour.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 653/1 The long-shaped dorsal vessel or heart gives off arteries to both sides.
1915 H. Ommundsen & E. H. Robinson Rifles & Ammunition ii. 43 A long-shaped bullet which had a length of about one and three-quarter times its diameter.
2010 L. Donato et al. in K. N. Priftis et al. Paediatric Bronchoscopy vi. 65/2 Long-shaped balloon catheters are more suitable than round-shaped ones that tend to bulge centrally or distally.
long-skirted adj.
ΚΠ
1610 Histrio-mastix ii. i. sig. B4 Long-skirted coates, wide-sleeues with cloth inough.
1795 S. Ireland Picturesque Views Avon ix. 219 The blue coat and long skirted scarlet waistcoat.
1880 J. Grego Rowlandson Caricaturist II. 237 A learnedly long-skirted square-cut suit.
1974 R. Harris Double Snare xv. 105 Students..accompanied by their sandalled, long-haired, long-skirted birds.
2008 C. M. Gillis Writing on Stone v. 101 Those long-skirted simple dresses I associated with photographs of Woodstock.
long-skulled adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > skull measurement > [adjective] > types
short-headed1802
beloid1833
microcephalous1840
platycephalous1846
long-skulled1847
round-headed1847
brachycephalic1849
dolichocephalic1849
acrocephalic1855
megacephalous1857
microcephalic1857
cymbocephalic1861
macrocephalous1861
platycephalic1861
macrocephalic1863
phaenozygous1863
dolichocephalous1864
homoeocephalic1866
mecistocephalic1866
mecocephalic1866
mesocephalic1866
orthocephalic1866
stenocephalic1866
cryptozygous1867
megalocephalic1868
aphanozygous1871
brachycephalous1872
orthocephalous1872
mesaticephalic1873
plagiocephalic1873
plagiocephalic1874
mesaticephalous1876
mesorrhine1877
platyrrhine1877
cylindro-cephalic1878
eurycephalic1878
hypsistenocephalic1878
megaseme1878
mesoseme1878
microseme1878
oxycephalic1878
oxyklinocephalic1878
platybasic1878
pyrgocephalic1878
tapinocephalic1878
megacephalic1879
hypsiconchous1885
mesoconchous1885
chamaeprosopic1886
leptocephalic1886
mesorrhinian1887
long-headed1888
tectocephalic1888
mecistocephalous1890
megalocephalous1890
plagiocephalous1890
mesocephal1891
stegoid1894
brachycranial1902
chamaecephalic1902
chamaeconchic1902
chamaecranial1902
macrocranial1902
platycranial1902
stenocranial1904
mesoconch1905
mesoconchic1909
hypsiconch1920
Lapponoid1939
hypsiconchic1960
1847 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 24 384 He places the high-skulled race in the north, the broad-skulled in the middle portions, and the long-skulled in the South.
1902 Speaker 25 Jan. 480/1 The Iberian was a short, dark, long-skulled man.
2013 C. Manias in M. Gibson et al. Mysticism, Myth & Celtic Identity iii. 53 European scholars..had argued for the existence of a short, dark-complexioned, long-skulled Ligurian or Aquitanian population in ancient Gaul.
long-sleeved adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > having specific parts > sleeves > types of
long sleeve1538
long-sleeved1578
maunched1688
pudding-sleeve1704
gun-sleeved1782
short-sleeved1839
short sleeve1931
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [adjective] > of type of clock
sidereal1767
keyless1828
Waterbury1853
long-sleeved1897
sunburst2015
1578 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 220 A lang taillit gowne..laich nekit lang slevit.
a1658 J. Cleveland Obsequies 105, in Wks. (1687) 218 Teazers of Doctrines, which in long sleev'd Prose Run down a Sermon all upon the Nose.
1737 S. Whatley tr. K. L. von Pöllnitz Mem. II. xxx. 50 Then came five of the Pope's Mace-bearers, in long-sleev'd purple Gowns with black Velvet Lace.
1897 R. M. Gilchrist Peakland Faggot 95 Vignettes akin to those one sees on the porcelain faces of old Derbyshire ‘long-sleeved clocks’ [i.e. grandfather clocks].
1964 O. Coburn tr. M. Braun-Ronsdorf Wheel of Fashion 263/1 The basque bodice, high-necked, long-sleeved and ever more tight-fitting.
2006 New Yorker 18 Sept. 55/1 Only he can get away with those phantasmagorical long-sleeved floral shirts that he wears.
long-snouted adj.
ΚΠ
1534 J. Heywood Play of Loue sig. C.iv And yet thou beyng a long snowted cur Coulde no whyt smell that all my meanyng was To gyue mock for mock as now is come to pas.
1650 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ (ed. 2) iii. ii. 412 Boots and Shoos are so long snouted, that one can hardly kneel in Gods House.
1843 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (ed. 6) I. xiv. 378 The beautiful weevils or long-snouted beetles.
2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 630/1 Very few specimens have been observed since this long-snouted, small-toothed mongoose was discovered in 1957.
long-spooned adj. rare
ΚΠ
1866 J. MacGregor Descr. New Rob Roy Canoe p. iii A long narrow light racing-canoe, with a long spooned paddle, will attain great speed.
1995 Guardian 14 Feb. ii. 17/3 He should be ultra-careful, even if his close adviser, Peter Mandelson, recommends a few such long-spooned suppers.
long-spurred adj.
ΚΠ
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxvii. 419 You may call it long-spurred, or sweet Orchis.
1856 W. Taylor Seven Years' Street Preaching in San Francisco xliv. 231 Captain Brewster..would not suffer such cruelty aboard his ship, nor take the Spaniard against his will. So the long-spurred ‘hombre’ vamosed.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 21 With all the advantages that one expects of F1 hybrids is this exceptional strain of Columbines, producing strong plants bearing masses of large, long-spurred flowers.
2005 S. W. Taber & S. B. Fleenor Invertebr. Central Texas Wetlands 191 Others have described the long-spurred meadow katydid as clumsy and easy to capture.
long-staffed adj.
ΚΠ
1791 ‘P. Pindar’ Remonstrance 13 Night's long-staff'd Guardian to him steals.
1897 Chap-bk. June 52/1 Troopers, who bounced in their saddles and grasped long-staffed flags.
1970 Field & Stream Apr. 64/2 Eventually the old man captured him in the long-staffed landing net and carried him..ashore.
2008 T. Kline Circus Queen & Tinker Bell xxiii. 214 The long-staffed mallet wasn't always carried on my shoulder.
long-stalked adj.
ΚΠ
1551 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1913) X. 36 Ane dosane lang stalkit buttonis, put on the slevis of the samyn [cloak].
1665 J. Rea Flora iii. iv. 214 Some have small leaves and shorter-stalked fruits, others large, long leaves, and long-stalked Cherries.
1781 J. Abercrombie Brit. Fruit-gardener (new ed.) 176 (table) Long-stalked Blanquette.
1855 W. S. Dallas Syst. Nat. Hist., Zool. I. 314 The Long-stalked Crab (Podophthalmus).
1939 E. A. Bessey Text-bk. Mycol. (new ed.) xiv. 382 The four or more-celled spores are dark colored and long stalked.
2003 Guardian 25 June ii. 20/2 With their rosy-pink sepals, long-stalked pollinia..and lower petals that look like the brown, furry backside of a bee with strange markings, these flowers are fantastic.
long-stapled adj.
ΚΠ
1661 W. Petty in T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. (1756) I. 57 The warp also must be of a long stapled wool, whereas the woof needs not, for the reasons, which shall hereafter be shewn.
1773 H. Jackson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 6 Long or short stapled isinglass.
1855 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 15 May in Eng. Notebks. (1997) I. ii. 169 The seed of the long-stapled cotton.
1924 J. M. Matthews Textile Fibers (ed. 4) xiii. 377 Pima cotton is a long stapled variety grown in the Salt River Valley and the Yuma Valley of Arizona.
2011 D. Robson & C. Ekarius Fleece & Fiber Sourcebk. 297 The wool is consistently soft, long stapled, and uniform as to fiber quality within a single fleece, and it does felt.
long-stemmed adj.
ΚΠ
1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. xi. 51 Long-stem'd Cherries.
1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel II. xiv. 286 He strolled on beneath the long-stemmed trees.
1934 Pop. Mech. Feb. 289/1 Set up a hydrogen-sulphide generator by inserting a long-stemmed funnel and a short length of glass tubing into a cork.
2008 B. Evaristo Blonde Roots (2009) 187 People were lounging in the alcoves of its buttressed roots.., smoking tobacco from long-stemmed clay pipes.
long-stocked adj.
ΚΠ
1844 N.Y. Herald 14 Apr. It was a long stocked gun, with small bored barrel and percussion lock.
1906 E. E. Dye McDonald of Oregon ii. ii. 127 The Captain himself..was five miles ahead, with his long-stocked Kentucky rifle on his shoulder.
2011 Times (Nexis) 16 Apr. The old chap with a hearing aid waving his long-stocked placard in arcs like the blade from The Pit and the Pendulum.
long-styled adj.
ΚΠ
1804 J. Donn Hortus Cantabrigiensis (ed. 3) 85 Oxalis..macrostylus, long-styled.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1184 Long-styled or pin-eyed plants are ‘homozygous recessives’, while short-styled or thrum-eyed wild primroses are all ‘heterozygous dominants’.
2008 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 95 974 We find that long-styled flowers serve primarily as pollen recipients and short-styled flowers as pollen donors.
long-toed adj.
ΚΠ
1703 E. Cockson Quakers Pedegree Trac'd i. v. 54 Long toed shooes, and high Crowned hats were in fashion with us.
1807 Salmagundi 11 Nov. 349 The unseemly luxury of long toed shoes.
1907 A. Train Mortmain 284 His feet were encased in long-toed vermilion morocco slippers.
2007 S. Henderson Silent Footsteps (2008) 21 Crocodiles basked on the banks in the company of..Egyptian geese, long-toed jacanas and a pair of stunning saddlebill storks.
long-trousered adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > having specific parts > other
capedc1550
footeda1652
untuckered1713
yoked1852
flapped1860
long-trousered1866
panty leg1908
backless1926
shoulderless1928
wrap-over1960
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adjective] > wearing trousers > wearing other trousers
troused1612
pantalooned1798
overalled1845
pegtopped1861
pantaletted1865
long-trousered1866
blue-jeaned1872
flannelled1898
chaparejoed1921
Oxford-bagged1925
baggy-trousered1928
Levied1966
jodhpured1969
jeaned1970
hot-panted1971
hot-pantsed1971
1866 J. S. Blackie Homer & Iliad IV. xvi. 345 If a man has long legs he must also have long trousers; and a long-trousered loon will be a long-legged loon.
1974 I. Murdoch Sacred & Profane Love Machine 104 A thin long-trousered boy.
2010 P. J. Earle Purgatory Road xxvi. 247 An agile man in his sixties in a long-trousered safari suit strode in the front doors to Reception.
long-visaged adj. now archaic and rare
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective]
flatc1400
hardc1400
low-cheeredc1400
large?a1425
ruscledc1440
well-visagedc1440
platter-faced1533
well-faced1534
full-faced1543
fair-faced1553
bright-faceda1560
crab-faced1563
crab-snouted1563
crab-tree-faced1563
long-visaged1584
owlya1586
wainscot-faced1588
flaberkin1592
rough-hewn1593
angel-faced1594
round-faced1594
crab-favoured1596
rugged1596
weasel-faced1596
rough-faced1598
half-faced1600
chitty1601
lenten-faced1604
broad-faced1607
dog-faced1607
weaselled-faced1607
wry-faced1607
maid-faced1610
warp-faced1611
ill-faceda1616
lean-faceda1616
old-faceda1616
moon-faced1619
monkey-faced1620
chitty-face1622
chitty-faceda1627
lean-chapt1629
antic-faced1635
bloat-faced1638
bacon-facea1640
blue-faced1640
hatchet-faced1648
grave1650
lean-jawed1679
smock-faced1684
lean-visaged1686
flaber1687
baby-faced1692
splatter-faced1707
chubby1722
puggy1722
block-faced1751
haggard-looking1756
long-faced1762
haggardly1763
fresh-faced1766
dough-faced1773
pudding-faced1777
baby-featured1780
fat-faced1782
haggard1787
weazen-face1794
keen1798
ferret-like1801
lean-cheeked1812
mulberry-faced1812
open-faced1813
open-countenanced1819
chiselled1821
hatchety1821
misfeatured1822
terse1824
weazen-faced1824
mahogany-faced1825
clock-faced1827
sharp1832
sensual1833
beef-faced1838
weaselly1838
ferret-faced1840
sensuous1843
rat-faced1844
recedent1849
neat-faced1850
cherubimical1854
pinch-faced1859
cherubic1860
frownya1861
receding1866
weak1882
misfeaturing1885
platopic1885
platyopic1885
pro-opic1885
wind-splitting1890
falcon-face1891
blunt-featured1916
bun-faced1927
fish-faced1963
1584 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 73 He is lean and long-visaged.
1657 J. Rowland tr. J. Johnstone Hist. Wonderful Things of Nature x. v. 338 The Circades..are long visaged, with horse heads.
1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. iii. 20 He was long visaged, and pale, with a red Beard of above a Fortnight's Growth.
1860 C. Dickens Let. 2 Jan. (1997) IX. 191 Long-visaged prophets.
1955 Times 4 Feb. 5/4 He presents Hamlet first as a kind of long visaged Jonsonian Puritan.
long-whiskered adj.
ΚΠ
1744 London Mag. Aug. 407/1 I think we've convinc'd the grave long-whisker'd foe, That they dealt with brave boys, not a long while ago.
1855 G. L. Prentiss Mem. S. S. Prentiss I. ii. 46 He must make a most dignified appearance among the black-bearded, long-whiskered students of divinity.
1941 F. Bryan in J. F. Dobie et al. Texian Stomping Grounds 14 East Texas of the Reconstruction era is best pictured by a glimpse of a lean, long-whiskered man.., mounted on a splendid Virginia stallion.
2005 Independent 13 May 39/1 Is it a squirrel, a rat, a guinea pig..? The long-whiskered rodent..resembles them all but this is a previously unknown species.
long-woolled adj.
ΚΠ
1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Endrome, a course long-wool'd mantle, which Wrastlers and Runners flung upon them when they were anointing, and after they had exercised.
1771 G. Culley Jrnl. 9 July in M. Culley & G. Culley Trav. Jrnls. & Lett. (2002) 75 They are all grey faced..as the long wooled or Lincolnshire sheep.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 202 Great numbers of cattle, and of long-woolled sheep, are grazed in the fens.
1926 Econ. Geogr. 2 525/2 Sheep, goats, alpaca and similar long-haired and long-wooled ruminants present breeding material.
2009 P. Hasheider How to Raise Sheep iv. 46/1 Long-wooled breeds tend to be favored by hand spinners and weavers.
long-worded adj.
ΚΠ
1660 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Mores Hominum x. 335 A long-worded Letter [L. verbosa et grandis epistula] came From Capreæ.
1797 J. Robison Proofs of Conspiracy ii. 223 Many letters of long worded German compliments from the proud Spartacus.
1851 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 36/1 Such mysterious, equivocating, long-worded sentences.
1921 Leather Manufacturer Sept. 277/1 Look up the telephone directory of a German city..and you will get dizzy by the aspect of all these long-worded names of official boards.
2013 B. W. Tink & B. A. Tink in J. M. Haight Handbk. Loss Prevention Engin. I. iv. 77 Clear, consistent, matter-of-fact answers tend to indicate a culture that supports safety..and long-worded, inconsistent answers tend to indicate otherwise.
C3. Forming complementary adjectives.
a. With past participles.
long-descended adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring
longeOE
longsomeeOE
long of lifeOE
lastinga1225
cleaving1340
continualc1340
dwellingc1380
long-livinga1382
everlastingc1384
long-duringa1387
long-lasting?a1400
long-liveda1400
broadc1400
permanable?c1422
perseverant?a1425
permanentc1425
perdurable?a1439
continuedc1440
abiding1448
unremoved1455
eternalc1460
long-continued1464
continuing1526
long-enduring1527
enduring1532
immortal1538
diuturn?1541
veterated1547
resiant?1567
stayinga1568
well-wearinga1568
substantive1575
pertinacious1578
extant1581
ceaseless1590
marble1596
of length1597
longeval1598
diuturnal1599
nine-lived1600
chronic1601
unexhausted1602
chronical1604
endurable1607
continuant1610
indeflourishing1610
aged1611
indurant1611
continuatea1616
perennious1628
seculara1631
undiscontinueda1631
continuated1632
untransitory1632
long-spun1633
momently1641
stative1643
outliving1645
constant1653
long-descended1660
voluminousa1661
perduring1664
perdurant1671
livelong1673
perennial1676
longeve1678
consequential1681
unquenched1703
lifelong1746
momentary1755
inveterate1780
stabile1797
persistent1826
unpassing1831
all-time1846
year-long1846
teak-built1847
lengthful1855
long-term1867
long haul1873
sticky1879
week-to-week1879
perenduring1883
long-range1885
longish1889
long-time1902
long run1904
long-life1915
1660 J. Bellamy tr. Origen Against Celsus ii. xxxv. 185 They did but tread, in the Steps of their long-descended Ancestors [Gk. τοῖς ἐξ ἀρχῆς..ἀναγεγραμμένοις].
1739 J. Thomson Edward & Eleonora iv. viii. 50 The Manes of thy Ancestors consign Their long-descended Glory to thy Hands.
1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant xix. 180 Every man is made up of hereditaries, long descended atoms and particles of his ancestors.
1952 Los Angeles Times 13 Nov. ii. 13/3 Your freedom, like ours, rests on a long-descended inheritance.
2007 N. Gordimer Beethoven was One-Sixteenth Black 13 Which of these could be a Morris, a long-descended sister-cousin.
long-docked adj.
ΚΠ
1688 London Gaz. No. 2379/4 Lost.., a..Coach Gelding,..with a long dock'd Tail.
1789 St. James's Chron. 29 Oct. A light Bay Mare.., has a swelling on both sides of her Neck,..and long docked tail.
1836 Morning Post 2 Jan. He is a dark brown horse, marked with two white heels, drooping quarters, long docked tail.
1908 Fores's Sporting Notes & Sketches 25 74 A hunt servant to the Belvoir has never appeared riding a long-docked horse.
2005 Wyoming Tribune-Eagle (Nexis) 18 Aug. a1 Long-docked lambs aren't desirable in other places where there are no dock rules.
long-extended adj.
ΚΠ
1627 G. Markham 2nd Pt. Soldiers Gram. v. 62 At the two points of the Vantguard, that is to say, the vtmost right point and the vtmost left point, as two long extended wings, troopeth the Horse Army.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 432 The pillars long extended rows.
1870 A. Winchell Sketches Creation xiv. 149 Their spreading plains and long-extended shores were still the empire of the garpikes.
1957 Changing Times Oct. 28/1 The layette had to be bought on a long-extended instalment plan.
2011 A. Gebauer in A. R. Glatston Red Panda x. 168 Stretching..consists of an initial humpback-posture and a following long-extended posture.
long-grown adj.
ΚΠ
1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth I c. 31 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 465 The lothesome and vile grete and long growen Bulke of Copper and Counterfaite Moneys.
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 74 (margin) A strong, & long-grown Oak cannot be bowed.
1757 J. Dyer Fleece ii. 69 'Tis the comber's lock, The soft, the snow-white, and the long-grown flake.
a1882 C. Engel Researches Early Hist. Violin Family (1883) 8 The Chinese sometimes make use of their long-grown nails for this purpose.
1997 A. Nersesian Fuck-up (1999) 212 He unfolded a small packet of aluminum foil, dabbed a little on the end of his long-grown pinky nail, and held it up to my nose.
long-projected adj.
ΚΠ
1675 E. Sherburne in tr. M. Manilius Sphere App. 201 (table) Two together, or one with two long projected Rayes.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 251 With long-projected Beams the Seas are bright.
1842 C. Masson Narr. Var. Journeys II. xiv. 358 A long projected mass of rock about one hundred and seventy yards in length.
1996 V. Rubin Bright Galaxies, Dark Matters i. 40 We must obtain the spectra across a long projected path. At large distances from the galactic nucleus the velocities of individual stars are still too difficult to obtain.
† long-protended adj. Obsolete (chiefly poetic)
ΚΠ
1685 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Episode Mezentius & Lausus in Sylvæ 44 He said no more; but hasten'd to appear, And threatn'd with his long protended spear [L. obvius hasta].
1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 981 Euphorbus..Swift withdrew the long-protended Wood [Gk. δόρυ μείλινον].
1906 F. E. Roche Exodus xi. 276 Close by their side, the Syrian force appears In native dress, with long protended spears.
long-spun adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring
longeOE
longsomeeOE
long of lifeOE
lastinga1225
cleaving1340
continualc1340
dwellingc1380
long-livinga1382
everlastingc1384
long-duringa1387
long-lasting?a1400
long-liveda1400
broadc1400
permanable?c1422
perseverant?a1425
permanentc1425
perdurable?a1439
continuedc1440
abiding1448
unremoved1455
eternalc1460
long-continued1464
continuing1526
long-enduring1527
enduring1532
immortal1538
diuturn?1541
veterated1547
resiant?1567
stayinga1568
well-wearinga1568
substantive1575
pertinacious1578
extant1581
ceaseless1590
marble1596
of length1597
longeval1598
diuturnal1599
nine-lived1600
chronic1601
unexhausted1602
chronical1604
endurable1607
continuant1610
indeflourishing1610
aged1611
indurant1611
continuatea1616
perennious1628
seculara1631
undiscontinueda1631
continuated1632
untransitory1632
long-spun1633
momently1641
stative1643
outliving1645
constant1653
long-descended1660
voluminousa1661
perduring1664
perdurant1671
livelong1673
perennial1676
longeve1678
consequential1681
unquenched1703
lifelong1746
momentary1755
inveterate1780
stabile1797
persistent1826
unpassing1831
all-time1846
year-long1846
teak-built1847
lengthful1855
long-term1867
long haul1873
sticky1879
week-to-week1879
perenduring1883
long-range1885
longish1889
long-time1902
long run1904
long-life1915
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > prolix
tedious1412
prolix?a1475
prolixtc1485
longa1525
prolixious1577
long-winded1589
long-drawn1592
wire-drawn1603
long-breatheda1628
long-spun1633
pedalian1636
oblong1643
lacinious1648
long-lunged1660
lengthened1705
libertine1710
lengthy1759
incompendious1833
lengthsome1836
spun1869
lengtheninga1872
fine-drawn1888
1633 W. Lithgow Scotlands Welcome sig. G3v Now must I spinne my long spunne web, and knit Penelope, within the length of it.
1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. II. 126 Long spun allegories, distant allusions, and forced conceits.
1882 J. Walker Descr. Jaunt to Auld Reekie 38 He is blest wi' lang-spun tacks o' health and life.
1921 School & Society 26 Mar. 361/2 The literature of the subject contains little but long-spun discussions of aspirations, faiths and conjectures.
2010 Daily Tel. 22 Nov. 33/1 He..shares with his southern Italian compatriot Bellini a gift for long-spun melancholy melody.
long-thrown adj.
ΚΠ
1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel II. iv. 42 Over the open, 'tis a race with the long-thrown shadows.
1916 Square Deal Feb. 51/1 The long-thrown shadow of the cabin fell across the deep grass at their feet.
2000 M. Gloss Wild Life (2001) 177 He lay down in the late-afternoon light, in the long thrown shadows of the cow, the horse.
long-timed adj.
ΚΠ
1595 W. Covell Polimanteia sig. G3 The demonstrations of things are taken from celestiall causes, and their effects, obserued of a long timed experience, by the influence, intension, remission, accesse and recesse of starres.
1636 C. Butler Princ. Musik i. iii. 53 In dhe Cloze, (were all Partes meete togedher) in a long-timed Note.
?1740 Psalm-singer's Choice Compan. (ed. 2) 13 Sing or play your long tim'd Notes with equal strength.
1850 T. E. Bowkett Bane & Antidote iii. 39 The opportunities for the exercise of philanthropy, are many and various in a long-timed society.
1922 Dental Cosmos Aug. 866/1 The long-timed methods of shaping rolled gold plate to the form of a natural or artificial crown with pliers.
2006 in L. A. Heaphy Black Baseball & Chicago iii. 113 Radcliffe took advantage of Paige's long-timed windup and stole home.
b. With present participles.
† long-descending adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie xxv. sig. D.i The chynne verye longe descendynge [L. si longe prolixum descendat]: declareth that manne to bee full of wyles and deceates.
1693 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xiv. 284 A long descending Healthful Progeny.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxii. 1658 The Face divine, and long-descending Hair.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. iii. 90 Long-descending robes of embroidered purple.
1903 M. A. Starr Org. Nerv. Dis. xix. 348 The descending degeneration is more closely limited to the long-descending columns of the cord.
long growing adj. rare
ΚΠ
1693 J. Dryden Examen Poeticum 298 This long growing Debt to Poetry You justly (Madam) have discharg'd to me.
1812 E. Sang Nicol's Planter's Kalendar 357 Tall or long growing stems are very injurious to the young trees.
1997 A. Sahni in P. J. Currie & K. Padian Encycl. Dinosaurs 361/1 Iguanodontians also appear to have been capable of walking on all four legs, perhaps to browse on long growing plants.
long-hanging adj.
ΚΠ
?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. H.iiiiv Yf the piece of fleshe [sc. the uvula] be to longe hangyng, make a oyntment if it be so requesite.
1614 T. Godwin Romanæ Historiæ Anthologia ii. iii. v. 84 Another kinde of garment was the Penula.., we may translate it a long hanging cloake.
1792 Brit. Songster 25 When Arthur first at Court began, To wear long-hanging sleeves.
1845 P. Godwin tr. J. H. D. Zschökke Tales from German 65 He was a beautiful dog, with silky, chestnut-brown hair, snow-white breast and feet, and long-hanging ears.
1904 C. A. McMurry Special Method Elem. Sci. (1905) ix. 199 Long-hanging catkins, small green buds of pistillate flowers.
2006 K. Gibbons Life all around Me by Ellen Foster iii. 38 The straight, long-hanging curtains.
long-streaming adj.
ΚΠ
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 60 That hairie Commet, that long streaming Starre [Fr. Cest astre cheuelu], Which threatens Earth with Famine, Plague, & Warre.
1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 352 The panting Chace..Leaves a long-streaming Trail behind.
1873 Dark Blue Jan. 528 Her magnificent, long-streaming hair was covered by a wide straw-hat.
1914 Nation (N.Y.) 2 Apr. 355/1 In the course of time women have got out of the habit of looking upon their long-streaming locks..as a badge of servitude.
2011 E. Bartman in E. S. Gruen Cultural Identity in Anc. Mediterranean iii. 232 To the Romans.., long-streaming locks likened the wearer to an animal and implied his uncivilized state.
† long-succeeding adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1599 T. Storer Life & Death Wolsey sig. D4v She came to him, and gladly would haue beene, The long succeeding worlds eternall Queene.
1614 P. Forbes Def. Lawful Calling 9 The many insensible, slow, & long succeeding degrees of his growth towards that height.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 306 The long-succeeding Numbers who can name? [Gk. τῶν δ᾽ ἄλλων τίς κεν ᾖσι ϕρεσὶν οὐνόματ᾽ εἴποι.]
1879 Southern Law Rev. 4 843 Two of the great lights in the law of that and long-succeeding ages.
1906 A. Brown tr. G. Buchanan Sacred Dramas 29 We..have borne The righteous penalty of our misdeeds, Crushed and subdued by long-succeeding ills.
C4.
a.
long-acting adj. (esp. of a drug) having sustained effects; contrasted with short-acting adj. at short adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > long- or short-acting, etc.
long-acting1839
short-acting1951
sustained-release1953
1839 J. P. Smith On Relation between Holy Script. & Geol. Sci. v. 139 We have evidence of the origin..of the astonishing bodies of water which had thus been put into a violent and long-acting motion.
1846 Homœopathic Examiner 1 58 The effects of Sepia, Silicea, Carbo veg. and other long-acting drugs, may have a very short action in acute diseases.
1971 D. Clark Sick to Death ii. 35 Sally was on long-acting insulin. That means she only had to inject twice a day.
2007 Independent 15 Jan. 6/5 The aim is to create a long-acting injectable drug that would be both practical and patentable.
long account n. (a) (a statement showing) a considerable sum of money due; now chiefly figurative; (b) the action or an act of accounting to God after death for (one's) conduct in life; the Last Judgement (see account n. 7) (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > Second Coming > [noun] > apocalypse
world's endeOE
dayOE
doomsdayc975
world-endOE
'pocalypseOE
last dayc1275
judgementa1325
assize1340
Great Dayc1350
accounta1400
day of retributiona1400
latter day1533
Judgement Day1544
audit1548
after-reckoning1567
revelation-day1654
Fifth monarchy1655
long account1665
account day1671
kingdom come1858
the last (also final, great) round-up1879
eschaton1935
1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India i. 25 So they were wont to deal with those Hackney-men, with whom the Nation has always long account [It. conti lunghi] for such matters.
1759 Mod. Part Universal Hist. X. xiv. vii. 336 The Dutch..brought in a long account likewise, which they swelled to an immense sum.
1806 Christian's Mag. 1 173 Life is ebbing fast away, and he is just going to his ‘long account’.
1839 G. P. R. James Gentleman of Old School I. v. 127 You are running up a long account against us.
1934 Manch. Guardian 23 Mar. 22/1 Absalom Smeath is only trying to do a little good before he is called to his long account.
2008 E. Abel tr. A. Shapira Yigal Allon, Native Son iv. 97 He had a long account to settle with Lubya.
long annuity n. Finance (now chiefly historical) an annuity which expires after a long period of time; spec. one issued as an incentive to investors in British government stock in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which expired in January 1860.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > investment > annuity > schemes or types of
long annuity?1711
perpetuity1715
irredeemable1720
tontine1765
terminable annuity1778
?1711 J. Armour Humble Petition (single sheet) There may be many Millions saved of the Debts that are on the long Annuities of 99 Years.
1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 57 Long annuities 161/ 2 means, that an annuity of 100l. from the present time to the year 1860, will cost..161/ 2 years' purchase; at which time they will expire. This stock was originally for 99 years.
1847 Bankers' Mag. Feb. 480 The rate of interest might be fixed at 3 or 4 per cent., together with a long annuity, if necessary.
1888 S. Buxton Finance & Politics I. 189 (note) The ‘Long Annuities’ dated from 1780. Their actual amount in 1860 was £1,200,000.
1960 J. Carswell South Sea Bubble viii. 151 The natural value of the long annuity, considered as a fixed interest security, was sixteen times the annual income.
2004 R. Dale First Crash vi. 105 The long annuities were traded in the early months of 1720 at 24/25 years' purchase.
long-axed adj. rare (of a structure) having one of its axes particularly long; elongated.
ΚΠ
1820 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) XIV. 471 (table) Limestone... Long axed. Rhomb spar in part.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 33 The deep orbit and the long-axed eyeball going naturally with the long head.
1931 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Naval Engineers 43 141 This assumes a long-axed shape when the ferrite grains are columnar.
long axis n. the axis of an elongated or oblong figure or object that is the longer (in a plane) or longest (in three dimensions), i.e. that corresponds most nearly to its greatest dimension.
ΚΠ
1672 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 7 4061 Note, that the long axes of the two Prisms in the experiment described..were parallel to one another.
1738 R. Smith Compl. Syst. Opticks II. vi. 441 At the mean distance of Saturn from the sun or Earth, the long axis of his ring..appears under an angle of 64 seconds.
1880 Nature 19 Feb. 373/1 The crater is ovoid, with its long axis running in a direction from west-south-west to east-north-east.
1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 144 The pulmo-cutaneous arch is the posterior arch on each side, running out from the heart almost at right angles to the long axis of the body.
1985 P. Waite in J. McLeod Oxf. Bk. Polit. Anecd. (1988) 40 The Speaker did not sit, as now, at the end of the long axis of the House, but at the end of the short one.
2003 O. Shine Lang. Tennis 31 Cross strings The strings that run perpendicular to the long axis of a racquet.
long barrow n. Archaeology a Neolithic burial mound of an elongated rectangular or trapezoidal form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > mound > of specific shape
long barrow1724
round barrow1768
bell-barrow1812
bowl-barrow1812
disc barrow1871
horned cairn1877
ridge barrow1927
1724 W. Stukeley Itinerarium Curiosum ii. 35 A long barrow at Pesford call'd Longmans-hill.
1775 Archaeologia 3 306 The space inclosed contains a barrow of that kind which Dr. Stukeley calls a long barrow.
1846 J. Dudley Naology v. 273 The long barrow may..have owed its form to the intended purpose of uniting the worship of different gods in the same sacred structure, or the interment of friends in the same barrow.
1870 E. T. Stevens Flint Chips 392 (note) Skulls from unchambered long barrows in South Wilts.
1947 J. Hawkes & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. ii. 40 The mausoleum most fashionable among the Windmill Hill people was the long barrow.
1980 M. Shoard Theft of Countryside v. xvi. 179 The location of long barrows is often responsible for the line of parish boundaries laid down in the eighth century.
2009 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 20 Dec. (Travel section) 68 Follow the signed footpath..to Belas Knapp—one of the finest of the many long barrows found in the Cotswolds.
Long Bertha n. see Bertha n.2
long bit n. U.S. regional (chiefly western) a unit of monetary value equal to fifteen cents (now historical). The precise value of a bit (bit n.2 10a) is one-eighth of a dollar or twelve and a half cents. Because there has never been a U.S. coin worth exactly this amount, in transactions involving a sum of one bit it was customary to accept amounts of slightly greater or smaller value than this. Compare short bit n. at short adj., n., and adv. Additions.
ΚΠ
1852 Yankee Notions Oct. 295/2 ‘How many liquors can I get for two long bits?’ ‘Five.’
1873 J. E. Lester Atlantic to Pacific 86 If you buy anything for a ‘bit’, and hand a quarter of a dollar in payment, they return you ten cents in change, which would be, as they say, ‘taking the long-bit’; the ‘short bit’ being a dime.
2008 R. Horsman Feast or Famine xii. 294 If you put down a quarter and got a dime in change you had paid a ‘long bit’, but if you could put down a dime you paid a ‘short bit’, and had saved five cents.
long black n. Australian and New Zealand a style of coffee made by adding one or more shots of espresso to hot water, a drink of this; cf. cafe Americano n., flat white n. at flat adj., adv., and n.3 Additions.
ΚΠ
1961 Cumberland Argus & Fruitgrowers' Advocate (Parramatta, New S. Wales) 26 July 11/2 Long black, 1/; foaming, chocolate-topped Cappucino, 1/3; and luscious creamed Vienna, 1/6.
1987 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 16 June (Good Living section) 2 Deciding on coffee is just the beginning of the decision-making process at Johnny's. There's cappuccino, flat white, caffe latte, latte on the rocks, long black [etc.].
2002 T. Brabazon Digital Hemlock i. 3 You are encouraged to leave the lecture theatre right now and buy a long black at the library coffee shop.
2012 FourFourTwo Dec. 120/5 Ask for ‘a coffee’—you'll be laughed out of the café. Flat white, macchiato, ristretto, latte, piccolo, long black, skinny cap... Shall we go on?
long blow n. Australian and New Zealand Sheep-shearing a stroke of the shears which cuts away the fleece from rump to neck; cf. blow n.1 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [noun] > stroke of shears
second cut1846
blow1878
long blow1904
1904 Shearer (Sydney) 10 Dec. 4/4 In a shed can be seen all the latest styles—long blow, three-quarter blow, and the blow which is a mixture of both.
1956 G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) iii. 36 If you see a shearer with a good long blow he is usually a good shearer.
2006 Countryman (W. Austral.) (Nexis) 9 Nov. 49 The wife of one of the directors..executed a couple of fine long blows up a wether's back.
long bond n. Finance a bond which matures after a long period of time, typically twenty or more years.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > bond > types of bond
government securities1707
Sword-blade bond1707
long bond1720
government paper1774
indent1788
premium bond1820
active1835
preference bond1848
investment bond1853
mortgage bond1853
revenue bond1853
municipal bond1858
treasury-bond1858
sices1867
property bond1869
government1870
priority bond1884
municipal1888
income bonds1889
yearling1889
war baby1901
Liberty Bond1917
Liberty Loan1917
victory bond1917
corporate1922
performance bond1938
convertible1957
Eurobond1966
Euroconvertible1968
managed bond1972
muni1973
granny bond1976
bulldog bond1980
Euro1981
granny1981
strip1982
zero1982
1720 London Jrnl. 31 Dec. 5/2 The Interest due on the Long Bonds.
1834 Niles' Reg. 8 Mar. 29/1 The long bonds of the old system, and the short bonds and cash duties of the new, have fallen due simultaneously.
1948 G. Crowther Outl. Money (ed. 2) ii. 73 Those that mature within five years are known as Short Bonds. Medium Bonds run from five to about twenty years, and all above that are Long Bonds.
2001 Independent 8 Dec. (Mag.) 35/1 I'd traded 50 million long bonds that afternoon with my clients in the Middle East.
long bone n. Anatomy and Zoology any of the bones of the skeleton whose length is their greatest dimension, and which typically consist of a slender cylindrical shaft (diaphysis) with wider ends (epiphyses); cf. short bone n. at short adj., n., and adv. Additions.
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1697 R. Baker Cursus Osteologicus i. 5 The Ossification begins not in the same place of every Bone; in the long Bones it begins in the middle, and towards each end.
1765 R. Brookes Gen. Pract. Physic (ed. 5) I. 18 The cellular Substance is at the Extremities of the long Bones.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 431/1 The long bones..are never exactly cylindrical, being always contracted in the middle or shaft, and enlarged at each end.
1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. iii. 242 Examine a longitudinal section of a long bone during the process of ossification.
2003 H. Kiesewetter in D. Potts et al. Archaeol. United Arab Emirates 37/1 In most cases the skulls were oriented to the east and the long bones were placed in piles oriented east–west.
long bowling n. now historical and rare = long bowl n. 1.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > ninepins or ten-pins > [noun]
kaylesc1325
skaylesa1566
ninepins1580
pin1580
skittles1634
kittle-pins1649
skayle-pins1656
nine pegs1675
four corners1730
Dutch pins1801
Dutch rubbers1801
long bowling1801
ten-pins1807
squails1847
ten-pin bowling1934
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. vii. 201 Long-bowling..was performed in a narrow enclosure,..and at the further end was placed a square frame with nine small pins upon it; at these pins the players bowled in succession.
1850 Morning Chron. 16 Jan. 5/2 Long-bowling, the excellence of which consists in the smallest number of stone-throws to a mile.
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 180/1 After the suppression of alleys ‘Long bowling’, or ‘Dutch rubbers’ was practised for a short time.
1898 Leicester Chron. & Leics. Mercury 18 Nov. (Suppl.) 3/4 Some of the forms of sport that find a home in the north are..long bowling, cycling, football, cricket, golf, etc.
1998 N. Tranter Sport, Econ. & Soc. in Brit. 1750–1914 ii. 6 Knurr and spell, potshare, or long bowling, quoiting and wrestling were among many other working-class sports which either grew in appeal or, at worst, survived..throughout the first half of the nineteenth century.
† long box n. Obsolete a box used to transport the wares of a hawker of books.Apparently an isolated use.
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society > trade and finance > selling > [noun] > stand or board on which goods exposed > box used by book-hawkers
long boxa1643
a1643 W. Cartwright Ordinary (1651) iii. v. 52 I shall live to see thee Stand in a Play-house doore with thy long box, Thy half-crown Library, and cry small Books.
long bullets n. now chiefly historical = long bowl n. 1.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > [noun] > forms of
long bowl1497
byles1530
trule1568
portbowls1585
long bullets1679
boccia1827
bocce1828
trailing1902
boule1924
bias bowls1939
pétanque1955
1679 Ld. Blayney Let. 30 Aug. in Cal. MSS Marquess of Ormonde (Hist. MSS Comm.) V. 195 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 4116) (1908) LX. 219 All the diversions I can find is playing quoits with Joe Ashbury and long bullets with your butler Harry.
1723 in Rep. Rec. Commissioners Boston (1883) VIII. 172 Throwing, Rolling or flingin of the Bullet, Comonly called Throwing the Long Bullet.
1732 J. Swift Pastoral Dialogue viii, in Misc. III. 37 When you saw Tady at long-bullets play.
1820 Western Rev. 2 34 Round balls for a game which may have been similar to long bullets.
1913 H. B. Wallace Hist. Paxton viii. 76 A match of Long Bullets, a game played by throwing as far as possible iron balls weighing from one to five pounds.
2011 J. Thorn Baseball in Garden of Eden 314 A modern Irish game of road bowling is called, in the County Armagh term, bullets or long bullets.
long butt n. Billiards (now rare) a long cue having a greater reach than a half-butt.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > cue
billiard-stick1588
stick1611
tack1688
mace1727
mast1731
cue1749
billiard-mace1785
long butt1846
quarter butt1869
half-butt1896
1846 Satirist 2 Aug. 247/1 Lord Lascelles has been styled, in billiard phraseology.., ‘The long butt’.
1854 Bentley's Misc. 35 516 The balls are both safe as a rock, and mine is poked where I can't reach it. The long butt, Marker.
1940 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 17 July 4/1 (advt.) The following additional equipment is offered with the table—Billiard Marker, Cue Rack, 24 Cues, 4 Rests, One Long Butt, One Half Butt and One Long Cue.
longcase n. short for longcase clock n.
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the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > pendulum clock
pendulum clock1663
pendule clock1664
pendulum1664
pendulum-piece1734
wag-at-the-wall1825
longcase clock1851
grandfather clock1883
trunk dial1884
grandfather1894
grandmother clock1898
longcase1899
granddaughter clock1926
grandmother1931
granddaughter1968
1899 Boston Jrnl. Commerce & Textile Industries 30 Dec. 269/3 The long cases did not come into use till comparatively late in the history of the evolution of the clock.
1972 Country Life 9 Mar. 546/3 Strictly speaking, all clocks of this type should be called longcases, although since Victorian times they have been known to the general public as ‘grandfathers’.
1999 Clocks Dec. 45/3 I have three longcases in my clock collection, a month-going, an eight-day and a 30-hour single hander by Thomas Traunter, Salop.
longcase clock n. = grandfather clock n. at grandfather n. Compounds 2.
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the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > pendulum clock
pendulum clock1663
pendule clock1664
pendulum1664
pendulum-piece1734
wag-at-the-wall1825
longcase clock1851
grandfather clock1883
trunk dial1884
grandfather1894
grandmother clock1898
longcase1899
granddaughter clock1926
grandmother1931
granddaughter1968
1851 Times 27 Mar. 11/6 Mr. Johnson will sell by auction..a quantity of jet ornaments, barometers, thermometers, pocket compasses, spectacles, long-case clocks.
1972 B. Loomes Yorks. Clockmakers 10 Very few longcase clocks were made after 1860.
2003 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 2 Mar. 28/1 A 1.8m longcase clock fell and pinned him to the ground for 20 minutes.
long-chain adj. Chemistry having or consisting of a relatively large number of atoms (most typically of carbon) linked together in a line.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical structure or stereochemistry > [adjective] > of or relating to chain types
long-chained1745
long-chain1898
1898 J. Wade Introd. Study Org. Chem. xii. 66 In the case of long chain formulæ containing a number of groups, it is convenient for the sake of brevity to place one of the groups, in a square bracket.
1964 G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. ix. 216 Nucleic acids are long-chain molecules, and the individual units linked together to form these chains are called nucleotides.
2006 Time 26 June 74/1 Fish oil is the best source of two long-chain essential fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—the omega-3 fats.
long-chained adj. forming or comprising a long chain or series; Chemistry = long-chain adj.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical structure or stereochemistry > [adjective] > of or relating to chain types
long-chained1745
long-chain1898
1745 E. Young Consolation 73 Every Link Of that long-chain'd Succession is so frail.
1892 Med. Rec. 6 Aug. 143/2 Many colonies of a long-chained streptococcus.
1933 Trans. Faraday Soc. 29 208 The groups of long chained rubber molecules must be parallelised during stretching.
2008 Wilson Jrnl. Ornithol. 120 525 Long-chained fatty acids can be difficult for many birds to digest.
long chair n. [after French chaise longue chaise-longue n.] = chaise-longue n.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > sofa or couch > [noun]
reclinatoryc1425
crabat1483
coucha1500
daybed1597
squab1664
repose1685
settee1716
sofa1717
long chair1750
duchesse1794
canapé1795
chaise-longue1800
sultane1803
chaise lounge1807
lounge1830
dormeuse1865
takht1884
méridienne1925
Berbice1951
lounger1964
1750 tr. C.-J.-L.-A. R. de La Morlière Angola II. x. 156 He perceived Luzeide on a long Chair [Fr. chaise longue] plunged in the deepest Melancholy.
1892 R. Kipling & W. Balestier Naulahka vi. 54 It was full of white men..lying in the verandah in long chairs.
1956 E. Ambler Night-comers viii. 195 One of the long chairs was lying across the balustrade.
2006 V. Wood Nobody's Child (2007) xii. 146 She looked curiously at a long chair and wondered why it had a back rest only at one end.
long chance n. originally U.S. an unlikely chance; (also) a chance involving great risk.
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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > risk > a risky undertaking
adventurec1300
venturea1566
adventry1616
risk1666
fenda1724
forlorn hope1768
long chance1854
salto mortale1896
crap shoot1958
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > improbability, unlikeliness > [noun] > remote chance
a hundred to one1647
a million to one1678
long odds1764
long shot1796
off-chance1844
long chance1854
outside chance1867
a fat chance1892
to have a Chinaman's chance1915
1854 Peterson's Mag. Feb. 108/2 ‘Out of the way, goodness knows I ain't in it by a long chance,’ cried Salina, waving her hand toward the house.
1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights (U.K. ed.) i. xiii. 191 He's plumb scared at the prospect of suffering anything, and would rather die right off than take long chances.
1938 H. Nicolson Let. 17 Feb. (1966) 322 I do not think there is going to be a war yet. Not by a long chance.
2004 S. Gould Reflex (2005) xix. 278 On the very long chance you've been exposed, I've left an antidote kit on the counter there.
2012 T. S. Whitman Antietam 1862 iii. 58 Lee took a long chance and weakened his Richmond defenses by pulling Longstreet's divisions..out of their entrenchments.
long cist n. Archaeology a type of megalithic tomb having a long and narrow burial chamber, sealed by a capstone.
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the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > burial-chamber > [noun] > cist
cist1804
kistvaen1807
kist1853
long cist1866
stone cist1888
stone kist1926
1866 Jrnl. Anthropol. Soc. 4 p. clv They have invariably, whether long cists or short cists, been formed of single stones.
1925 V. G. Childe Dawn European Civilization xiii. 213 The long cists in North France, Belgium, Hessen, and Sweden have a holed-stone for the doorway.
2003 S. Turner in M. Carver Cross goes North (2005) xi. 171 Unenclosed burial sites (commonly with long-cists or dug graves) were changed into cemeteries.
long clay n. colloquial a type of clay tobacco pipe with a long stem; = churchwarden pipe n. at churchwarden n. Compounds 2.
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the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > pipe > clay-pipe > long
churchwarden's pipe1832
churchwarden1840
long clay1841
yard of clay1842
churchwarden pipe1860
1841 Era 19 Dec. 11/3 Every man had a long clay, and kicked up an undeniable smoke, to the utter impossibility of distinguishing a feature.
1905 Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 264/1 Grand-aunt supplies two long clays, the worthies light up, and at once commence discursive discussion.
1994 Australasian Hist. Archaeology 12 32 The pipe has been a long clay which was then used as a short clay after breaking, evidenced by the teeth-marks apparent on the broken end.
long clothes n. now historical and rare (a) Nautical clothes worn on shore, as distinct from those worn on board ship; = long togs n.; (b) long garments worn by babies before they are able to walk; also figurative.In sense (a) probably in contrast to the shorter, more fitted clothes which were worn by sailors for safety while on board ship.In quot. 1753 the exact nature of the clothes is unknown; earlier in the text Allan Breck is identified as a deserter from the army and his ‘long’ clothes are contrasted with his ‘French’ ones.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > for specific people > for children > for a baby > long clothes
longcoat1591
side-coat1601
long clothes1764
long1837
swaddling-robe1845
1753 Trial J. Stewart 255 He saw Allan Breck come to Aucharn, dressed in his long cloaths.]
1764 St. James's Chron. 28 Aug. She was stopped by two Fellows, one in the habit of a Sailor, and the other in genteel long Clothes.
1777 S. Brown Let. to Lady 17 The great folly of childrens wearing long clothes.
1796 W. Spavens Seaman's Narr. 63 On going ashore, I bought myself some long clothes, and changing my habit, gave away my jackets, shirt, trowsers, and shoes, set off on horseback to Exeter.
1814 J. Marsden Grace Displayed ii. 50 As soon as the vessel was got into the pier, and the captain and mate gone ashore, I silently packed up some of my things, and put on a suit of long clothes I had bought, and set off on foot.
1819 J. Keats Let. 24 Sept. (1958) II. 215 A child in a[r]ms was passing by his chair..in the nurses a[r]ms—Lamb took hold of the long clothes saying ‘Where, god bless me, Where does it leave off?’
1862 A. M. Lorrain Helm, Sword, & Cross vi. 89 Each man must have a suit of long clothes to go ashore in.
1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Sept. 676/3 Fibonacci, the first Christian writer to give a systematic exposition of the Hindu numerals, without which analysis might still have been in its long-clothes.
1981 N.Y. Times 3 May (Connecticut Weekly section) 1/4 A bright-eyed baby trussed up in long clothes and a bonnet.
1984 Bull. Inst. Hist. Res. 57 62 Even disguised in the landsman's ‘long clothes’ they were easily picked out.
2009 I. Land War, Nationalism, & Brit. Sailor, 1750–1850 ii. 40 He wore ‘long clothes’ instead of the outfit he wore at sea.
long-coach n. now historical an elongated stagecoach, able to accommodate a relatively large number of passengers.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > stagecoach or mail coach > specific type
long-coach1672
telegraph coach1796
mail-gig1813
mail diligence1837
1672 Reasons for continuing Stage-coaches 3 And for the Poor, Waggon, or long Coaches, would best suite with their Purses.
1779 G. Keate Sketches from Nature I. 26 The Margate Long-Coach was drawn up in the yard, and the passengers seated in it.
1807 tr. C. A. G. Goede Stranger in Eng. III. iv. 59 Stage-coaches..others in form of a cylinder, are called long-coaches.
1940 Ulster Jrnl. Archæol. 3 119 It is possible that the design was influenced by the elongated long-coach which carried sixteen inside passengers from the Pigeon House into Dublin.
2004 B. Lawton Early Hist. Mech. Engin. I. viii. 371 Another inexpensive passenger vehicle was the caravan or long coach.
long-combing adj. (of wool) long-staple.
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1706 J. Haynes View Present State Clothing Trade 13 Of our Long combing Wool, we make Stuffs of all kinds.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 194 The native sheep of the Cotswold Hills..produce coarse long-combing wool.
1913 Bull. National Assoc. Wool Manufacturers 43 229 Leicester, Cotswold, Lincolnshire, and similar long-combing wools of pure English blood.
2013 G. Riello Cotton vi. 114 Thick woollens produced by using carded weft and warp were replaced with worsted textiles made of long combing wool.
† long cork n. Obsolete slang (historical in later use) claret, so called from the length of the corks used for such wine.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > French wines > [noun] > Bordeaux red
claret?1533
Bordeauxc1570
Haut-Brion1663
terse1671
Margaux1705
Lafite1707
long cork1759
Médoc1793
loll-shraub1816
comet claret1828
Latour1833
Mouton1833
palus1833
St. Emilion1833
Larose1841
Pauillac1858
Pontet-Canet1860
Pomerol1866
Léoville1875
Mouton-Rothschild1880
1759 J. Townley High Life below Stairs i. 19 Philip. Remember, Burgundy is the Word. Sir Harry. Right—Long Corks!
1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer II. iv. 121 The young officer might like a drop o' long cork; bring us..one o' they claret bottles.
1900 F. J. Snell Wesley & Methodism ii. 31 They discussed..which college excelled in long corks, or had a cook best qualified for serving up harrico of mutton.
long corner n. Hockey a free hit taken by a member of the attacking team from the side line 5 yards from the corner of the field, awarded when the defending team has unintentionally hit the ball over the back line; cf. short corner n. at short adj., n., and adv. Compounds 6a.
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1911 Times of India 27 Jan. 7/2 From the ensuing long corner Thornton scored with a magnificent shot.
1956 Times 6 Feb. 3/3 Rowe equalized with a well placed shot following a long corner.
2011 Irish Times 18 Apr. 30/2 The long corner immediately after was worked back into the danger zone.
long Covid n. a syndrome characterized by the persistence or development of symptoms attributed to Covid-19 weeks after (esp. more than 12 weeks after) initial infection.Such symptoms may arise in any organ system of the body but often include extreme fatigue, breathlessness, muscle weakness, and various types of neurological dysfunction.
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2020 @elisaperego78 20 May in twitter.com (accessed 28 Jan. 2021) The #LongCovid #COVID19 is starting to be addressed on [sic] major newspapers in Italy..too.
2020 New Scientist 19 Sept. 12/2 We are only just beginning to understand the chronic impacts of covid-19, or ‘long covid’.
2021 N.Y. Times Mag. 24 Jan. 30/3 For many doctors, the strange symptomology of long Covid calls to mind another mysterious, poorly understood condition: myalgic encephalomyelitis, more familiarly known as chronic fatigue syndrome.
long crop n. (a) a crop that takes a relatively long time to mature or which produces a good yield for a relatively long time; †(b) a crop that grows to a considerable height (obsolete rare).In quot. 1787 as part of an extended metaphor, with reference to beards.
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the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pasture
pasturea1400
pasturagea1522
bite1768
long crop1787
nibble1875
1787 D. O'Flaherty Sketch Commotions Austrian Netherlands 86 How oft the long crop of a consecrate soil, Has been foster'd by fat, and anointed with oil!
1846–7 S. W. Eager Outl. Hist. Orange County 23 Orange [County] must..supply the daily wants of the city, and leave breeding stock and growing long crops to others.
1878 J. Inglis Sport & Work xi. 121 They generally betake themselves then to some patch of grass, or long-crop outside the jungle.
1890 J. Macdonald Stephens's Bk. of Farm V. 75/1 If two machines are working together, three will be sufficient in a short-strawed crop, while four may be hard enough worked in a long crop.
1902 G. Wythes & H. Roberts Bk. Veg. 61 The plant, though it crops well, does not bear a long crop, the pods being produced in a short time.
1982 B. Stein in Cambr. Econ. Hist. India I. 22 A long crop planted at the time of the onset of the south-west monsoon in May and harvested in September.
2006 Guardian (Nexis) 3 Mar. (Features section) 21 Sprouting broccoli produces many smaller heads: picking these encourages more, so those fortunate enough to have space to grow their own can get a good, long crop from just a few plants.
long cross n. (a) Printing (in a hand press) the longer of the two crosspieces used to adjust the chase to different page sizes; (b) Numismatics a cross having limbs extending to the outer circle on a coin, appearing on the coinage of Henry III and Edward I in the period 1247–79; frequently attributive, designating a coin of this type, or the period in which such coins were produced.
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society > communication > printing > composing equipment > [noun] > chase > parts of
long cross1683
short-cross1683
random1888
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > obverse or reverse of coin > device stamped on > specific
crossc1330
crouch1393
about-writingc1449
half-facea1549
legend1611
mill-rind1642
graining1664
adminicles1728
tressure1745
short-cross1870
long cross1904
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 287 Then he [sc. the Press-man] Folds a sheet of the Paper he is to Work long-ways, and broad-ways, and lays the long Crease of it upon the middle of the Long-Cross.
1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. 261 They [sc. compositors] lessen the Furniture on both sides the Long Cross, to enlarge the Bottom Margin.
1762 T. Snelling View Silver Coin Eng. 9 There are two sorts of pennies of this king [sc. Henry III], called..those of the short cross..and the long cross.
1817 H. Clarke & J. Dougall Cabinet of Arts 460 For folios the long cross is left entirely out, and the short one left in the middle.
1836 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 139/1 Mr. Lindsay has a long cross penny.
1904 C. L. Stainer Oxf. Silver Pennies 50 Long cross voided, each limb terminating in crescent.
1982 P. W. M. Blayney Texts King Lear (2007) I. iv. 124 The head of each page is the same distance from the short cross, and all four inner margins are equidistant from the long cross.
2006 J. S. Jensen in B. Cook & G. Williams Coinage & Hist. in North Sea World c. 500–1250 481 Nicholas of St. Albans, who was mint-master of the English king..well into the Long Cross period.
† long-cutler n. Obsolete (probably) a maker or repairer of long knives.
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1651 T. Hall Pulpit Guarded sig. a2 (margin) There were three Sermons in a house in the Parish, by a Long Cutler, a Naylor, and a Milner.
1720 London Gaz. No. 5881/5 George Cottrell,..Long-cuttler.
long-dated adj. †(a) that has continued or existed for a long time, long-standing (obsolete); (b) extending to a distant date in the future; esp. (Stock Market) (of a security, etc.) not due for early payment or redemption.Long-dated securities typically have a maturity of at least fifteen years from the date of issue.
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the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective]
oldeOE
eldeda1400
antique1490
invetered1490
prisk1533
grey-headed1578
ancient1579
hoar1590
inveterated1597
antiquated1598
inveterate1598
long-dated1602
avital1611
vetust1623
old-standinga1627
grey-haired1637
superannuateda1644
avitous1731
old-established1776
venerable1792
timeworn1840
inworn1864
avitic1865
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > extending to the distant future
long1800
long-dated1866
long-time1879
1602 A. Munday tr. 3rd Pt. Palmerin of Eng. lix. f. 191v Hoping that one of them would cease this long dated trouble.
1721 T. D'Urfey New Opera's 193 Scythians all to Bacchus Bear a long dated and severe Aversion.
1765 Scots Mag. Jan. 30/1 In the mean time continue to purchase more long-dated bills.
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking vii. 153 Long-dated bills will sometimes command a higher price than shorter dates.
1868 R. H. Patterson Sci. of Finance xiv. 230 A bank..which has a large amount of deposits, may safely invest a portion of this amount in long-dated securities.
1883 Manch. Examiner 12 Dec. 5/1 The work-people no doubt act from a long-dated regard for their own interests.
1958 Spectator 27 June 849/1 Our undated and long-dated Government stocks are selling at historically low levels.
2009 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Apr. c2/2 Wednesday's annual budget statement also included a further use of mini-tenders for long-dated and inflation-linked gilts.
long-day adj. (a) having or involving a long working day; (b) (of a plant) flowering only after exposure to long day lengths, typically in late spring or early summer.
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the world > plants > by age or cycles > [adjective] > of opening or closing or activity or inactivity
sleeping1757
vigilating1759
long-day1850
horologic1882
short-day1920
society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [adjective] > long working day
long-day1850
1850 Morning Chron. 3 Oct. 5/6 The long-day man is the driver who is supposed to be driving his cab the whole day.
1920 W. W. Garner & H. A. Allard in Jrnl. Agric. Res. 18 578 Hibiscus is a striking example of a long-day plant.
1995 Independent (Nexis) 10 June 16 These long-day workers start having problems at home. Relationships deteriorate.
2003 E. S. Platt Garlic, Onion, & other Alliums 8 White Sweet Spanish... This long-day variety is used for eating raw and for making fried onion rings.
† long deal n. U.S. Cards Obsolete (in monte) a deal which continues for a long time without producing a winning or losing card.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > actions or tactics > dealing, cutting, or shuffling
shuffling1579
deal1607
shuffle1651
lifting1674
cut1729
misdeal1797
riffle1862
ruffle1872
long deal1893
handout1904
1893 H. S. Canfield Charles Wayne in Washington Post 24 Dec. 15/2 It was what is termed a ‘long deal’, that is, no winning or losing card had slipped from the dealer's carelessly careful hands.
long dozen n. a group or set of thirteen.
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1811 P. Kelly Universal Cambist I. 261 A Dozen is 12, and the long Dozen 13.
1928 Washington Post Mag. 23 Sept. 8/1 A long dozen model young men who are only condescending to work in the major leagues until they earn enough money to pursue their studies.
1990 Guardian 4 Aug. (Weekend Suppl.) 28/3 There's every chance the swift pint will develop into a long dozen.
long drawer n. a drawer which extends the full width of a desk, chest, wardrobe, etc.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > chest of drawers > [noun] > specific drawer or type of drawer
long drawer1754
bottom drawer1835
1754 T. Chippendale Gentleman & Cabinet-maker's Director 14 A Gothic Writing-Table, with one long drawer at the top.
1810 E. Weeton Let. 11 May in Jrnl. of Governess (1969) I. 261 You will find the necessary keys for the three long drawers.
1975 Country Life 20 Feb. 426/2 The chest..has one long drawer..and below that are two deeper drawers.
2007 F. G. Safford Amer. Furnit. in Metropoitan Museum of Art 264/2 The bottom of the top long drawer consists of three transverse boards joined with a half lap.
long dress n. a floor- or ankle-length dress, spec. one usually worn by women as evening dress.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > dress, robe, or gown > types of > other
gite13..
long dress1731
Jesuit1767
Brunswick1769
overdress1812
fancy dress1826
agbada1852
stone-bluea1855
low-neck1858
Dolly Varden1872
sundress1875
frump1886
harem dress1911
kimono gowna1922
gina-gina1923
dirndl1937
qipao1955
cheongsam1957
sack dress1957
tent dress1957
gomesi1965
minidress1965
poncho dress1968
longuette1970
anarkali1988
suit dress2017
1731 tr. Relig. Ceremonies & Customs Several Nations I. i. i. v. 39 They chuse in all countries to wear long dresses or gowns.
1846 F. K. Barnard tr. H. von Paalzow Godway Castle vii. 93 Nothing was heard but the opening and shutting of the doors, and the rustling of the long dresses on the oaken floors.
1954 J. Masters Bhowani Junction xxxii. 275 There's a dance to-night... Please come. Long dress.
2006 Brides Sept. 304/3 If you're wearing a long dress, it's best to choose shoes with a peep-toe to add interest at the bottom of your gown.
long drop n. (a) a method of execution by hanging employing a long rope and a gallows or raised platform with a trapdoor, intended to ensure a rapid or instantaneous death (typically by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae); (b) colloquial (chiefly Australian, New Zealand, and South African) an outdoor privy built over a pit.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > with trapdoor
long drop1821
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] > specific outside
piss-house1665
dunnekin1790
earth closet1863
garden house1888
dunny1924
long drop1963
1821 Imperial Weekly Gaz. & Westm. Jrnl. 15 June He requested that he might have a long drop.
1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. xi. 341 The lumbering flap of the long drop was heard.
1912 E. Philpotts Lovers xxvi. 338 The long drop's fatal, and breaks his neck.
1963 I. Chase Elephants arrive at Half-past Five vi. 198 A chemical toilet or long drop, as Guy called it, was reached by threading one's way through a labyrinth of papyrus matting.
1982 Canberra Times 5 Aug. 3/2 With the construction of the lavatory ‘we go from long drops to flush toilets’ Ms Lange enthused yesterday.
1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart (1991) ii. 353 The Alcocks' toilet was a long drop, and there was no running water in their house.
2001 J. Harding & M. C. Harding Escape from Paradise 122 Mercifully, our high tech gallows use the ‘long drop’, so, the prisoner..dies instantly.
2014 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 11 Dec. I've perched on stinky long drops, strained on squat toilets and piddled behind bushes all over the world.
long dung n. now chiefly historical = long manure n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > dunging > dung
dungOE
muckc1268
dunging?1440
fimea1475
fulyiec1480
tath1492
soil1607
street soil1607
dung-water1608
soiling1610
mucking1611
short dung, manure, muck1618
folding1626
muck water1626
stable manure1629
long dung1658
spit-dunga1671
stercoration1694
street dirt1694
horse-litter1721
pot-dunga1722
sock1790
street manure1793
police manure1825
fold-manure1829
slurry1965
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 4 When your trench is voyded and emptied to the depth which you desire, you shall cast in long dung [Fr. des longs fumiers].
1797 J. Jay Let. 7 Nov. in Sir J. Sinclair's Corr. (1831) II. 60 Long dung is better than rotten dung, in the furrows, for potatoes.
?1830 P. Sellar Netherby, Cumberland 58 in Farm-rep. Long dung, that is to say, dung not fermented, may be applied to potatoes without any impropriety.
1908 J. H. Pemberton Roses viii. 144 Provide a heap of long dung in some handy spot.
1992 A. Symons Tremedda Days iii. 78 The mixed dressing was spread with a shovel; the ‘long dung’—farmyard manure—with an eval or long-handled, five-pronged fork.
long-duration adj. (a) that lasts for or involves a relatively long period of time; (b) (Finance) maturing or becoming effective only after a relatively long period of time.
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1888 Nature 4 Oct. 558/1 There are cases in which falling stars emanate from the same part of the sky for long periods of time. One of these long-duration radiants..is shown in the accompanying illustration.
1910 Evening News (London) 2 Aug. 2/5 In looking to the future we must remember that the high-speed machine cannot at the same time be the machine for long-duration flight.
1925 Trans. Actuarial Soc. Amer. 26 510 (heading) Long Duration Bonds.
1973 Bankers Mag. Autumn 39/1 A significant proportion of the investors with a demand for long-duration assets, such as life insurance companies and pension funds, also do not have a need for continuous cash inflows.
1992 Contemp. Sociol. 21 870/2 The fourth section..postulates a range of techniques..that could be useful in facilitating human adjustment to anticipated conditions of long-duration space-flight.
2015 USA Today (Nexis) 12 Feb. (Money section) 5 b If you're a short-term investor in a long-duration fund and rates rise, you won't have the time horizon to recoup your principal.
Long Eliza n. a type of Chinese blue and white vase ornamented with tall female figures; (also) any of the figures themselves. [After Dutch lange lijs (frequently in plural) any of the tall female figures on this style of Chinese porcelain decoration, the style itself (18th cent.; < the weak form of lang long adj.1 + Lijs, pet form of the female forename Lijsbeth Elizabeth).]
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vase > [noun] > specific types
hanse-pot1561
lily-pot1612
rolwagen1701
campana1802
potiche1829
kelebe1858
Long Eliza1869
rouleau1873
wall-pocket1880
monota1887
wall vase1889
mei ping1915
baluster vase1933
pedestal vase1960
Medici vase1974
1869 Art Jrnl. Sept. 264/1 What the Dutchman most prizes is the dynastic mark they call the ‘six characters’, which occurs often on pieces decorated with slim, female figures they style ‘langen Elisen’ (long Elizas), for what reason we do not know.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Dec. 6/1 Long Elizas (the trade name for certain blue and white vases ornamented with figures of tall, thin China-women) is a name derived undoubtedly from the German or Dutch.
1988 D. Reynolds Marshall Coll. Worcester Porcelain Ashmolean Mus. 16 Most have similar ‘Long Eliza’ (a corruption of the Dutch ‘lange lijsen’, slender ladies) decoration, which was also used on Dutch Delft.
long ell n. now historical and rare a kind of coarse twilled cloth with a worsted warp and a woollen weft.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > coarse or rough
russeta1300
cogware1389
molton1545
forest-white1551
penistone1551
pinwhite1604
duroy1619
duffel1649
long ell1706
duffel cloth1787
flushing1812
bull's wool1850
1706 Acct. Charity-schools Eng., Wales, & Ireland 21 (table) 3 Yards of blue long Ells.
1838 G. L. Craik & C. MacFarlane Pict. Hist. Eng. III. ii. iv. 643/1 150,000 pieces of long ell.
1904 E. Phillpotts Amer. Prisoner i. vi. 50 Every piece of long ell in stripes shall weigh twelve pounds.
2009 S. H. Tsai Maritime Taiwan iv. 80 Jardine, Matheson & Co. also brought to the islanders various kinds of textile goods.., as well as some English camlets and Scottish long ells.
long face n. colloquial an unhappy, disappointed, or exaggeratedly solemn facial expression.
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the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > seriousness or solemnity > [noun] > serious or solemn expression
long face1747
1747 Philos. Trans. 1746 (Royal Soc.) 44 Suppl. 78 This gives Occasion for the Phrase commonly used, of putting on a long Face, upon being sorrowful.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. cxxiii. 386 The man looked pale; and..made a plaguy long face.
1834 H. Martineau Farrers of Budge-Row i. 8 You will see long faces enough when these taxes come to be paid.
1879 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXV. 548 You can put on a very long face and try to scold people into religion.
1945 G. Millar Maquis xi. 226 Boulaya met us with a long face.
2004 A. Hollinghurst Line of Beauty xi. 320 She twitched while she pulled a long face. ‘I'm afraid last night's dinner rather did for him’.
long-faced adj. having an unhappy, disappointed, or exaggeratedly solemn facial expression.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective]
flatc1400
hardc1400
low-cheeredc1400
large?a1425
ruscledc1440
well-visagedc1440
platter-faced1533
well-faced1534
full-faced1543
fair-faced1553
bright-faceda1560
crab-faced1563
crab-snouted1563
crab-tree-faced1563
long-visaged1584
owlya1586
wainscot-faced1588
flaberkin1592
rough-hewn1593
angel-faced1594
round-faced1594
crab-favoured1596
rugged1596
weasel-faced1596
rough-faced1598
half-faced1600
chitty1601
lenten-faced1604
broad-faced1607
dog-faced1607
weaselled-faced1607
wry-faced1607
maid-faced1610
warp-faced1611
ill-faceda1616
lean-faceda1616
old-faceda1616
moon-faced1619
monkey-faced1620
chitty-face1622
chitty-faceda1627
lean-chapt1629
antic-faced1635
bloat-faced1638
bacon-facea1640
blue-faced1640
hatchet-faced1648
grave1650
lean-jawed1679
smock-faced1684
lean-visaged1686
flaber1687
baby-faced1692
splatter-faced1707
chubby1722
puggy1722
block-faced1751
haggard-looking1756
long-faced1762
haggardly1763
fresh-faced1766
dough-faced1773
pudding-faced1777
baby-featured1780
fat-faced1782
haggard1787
weazen-face1794
keen1798
ferret-like1801
lean-cheeked1812
mulberry-faced1812
open-faced1813
open-countenanced1819
chiselled1821
hatchety1821
misfeatured1822
terse1824
weazen-faced1824
mahogany-faced1825
clock-faced1827
sharp1832
sensual1833
beef-faced1838
weaselly1838
ferret-faced1840
sensuous1843
rat-faced1844
recedent1849
neat-faced1850
cherubimical1854
pinch-faced1859
cherubic1860
frownya1861
receding1866
weak1882
misfeaturing1885
platopic1885
platyopic1885
pro-opic1885
wind-splitting1890
falcon-face1891
blunt-featured1916
bun-faced1927
fish-faced1963
1762 T. Bridges Homer Travestie I. i. 60 To this sad pass Atrides' freaks Had brought the rueful long-fac'd Greeks.
1883 W. Haslam Yet not I xxi. 222 He was looking well and happy, not at all long-faced and lanky.
1927 Princeton Alumni Weekly 22 Apr. 805/2 We're terribly depressed. I never saw so many long-faced, lugubrious undergraduates in my life.
2004 E. Graver Awake x. 191 A Modigliani portrait of a long-faced boy.
long-facedness n. the state or condition of being long-faced; unhappiness or disappointment.
ΚΠ
1825 Zion's Herald 13 July I have none of the sourness of the bigot—no gloom or long-facedness, if I may so call it.
1902 J. B. Cranfill Courage & Comfort v. 49 That affected piety which exhausts itself in long-facedness and doleful groans.
2013 Mid Day (Delhi) (Nexis) 5 May Nestled inside this high dudgeon and moral long-facedness is a lack of belief in change.
long fallow n. (a piece of) land left uncultivated for a long period; also attributive, designating a method of cultivation in which land is left uncultivated for a long period.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > fallow land > long fallow
long fallow1810
bare-fallow1831
1810 Evans & Ruffy's Farmers Jrnl. 24 Nov. 250/2 On some long fallows for Barley in 1801, April 4th, on half of one piece I had dibbled three bushels an acre.
1960 G. E. Evans Horse in Furrow x. 131 A bastard summer-land is so called to distinguish [it] from a true summer-land or long fallow.
1971 World Archaeol. 3 135 They [sc. the Tifalmin] practise long-fallow cultivation, clearing a patch of forest and abandoning it after two or three years, probably for fifteen years or more.
1998 E. Wollenberg & A. S. Nawir in E. Wollenberg & A. Ingles Incomes from Forest viii. 159 It [sc. FAO definition of forest] includes open and closed forest, as well as long fallows.
† long-favoured adj. Obsolete (somewhat archaic in later use) that has long facial features; cf. favoured adj.2 1.
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1678 London Gaz. No. 1272/4 He is..purblind, between long and round favoured.
1763 Lett. Sophia to Mira xviii. 118 My lady..is the very pink of delicacy, slight made, long-favoured.
1899 M. Brown Wit & Humor Bench & Bar 212 A Minnesota justice, newly elected, was waited on by a long-favored, unassuming country swain.
long-fed adj. Agriculture designating beef cattle fattened for a relatively long period.
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the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [adjective] > fed > fattened
franked1466
masteda1500
frank-fed?1545
battled1600
battened1791
long-fed1901
1901 Chicago Tribune 20 Aug. 8/6 The cattle market was active... The quality was only fair, there being fewer long-fed beeves than usual among the offerings.
1969 Illinois Agric. Econ. 9 24/1 Investments in equipment for feeding yearling steers are less attractive than similar investments for long-fed steer or heifer calves.
2000 Land (N. Richmond, New S. Wales) 1 June 45/5 Subdividing their property..has paid big dividends for Upper Horton producers targeting steers at the long-fed Japanese ox market.
† long fifteen n. slang Obsolete rare (apparently) a lawyer, perhaps of a particular kind.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > inferior, rascally, or shrewd
fogger1564
pettifogger1564
long fifteen1611
leguleian1617
peatc1680
pettifog1721
Philadelphia lawyer1788
legal beagle1822
lawyerling1830
shyster1844
legal eagle1869
1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley ii. i. sig. C4 Why so, these are tricks of the long fifteenes, To giue counsell, and to take fees on both sides.
long finger n. [compare Anglo-Norman lunge dei (c1150)] the middle finger; also sometimes (in plural) the index, middle, and ring fingers, considered collectively. Cf. longman n.
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the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > groups of
long fingerc1300
middle fingers1827
snuffer1843
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > middle finger
middle fingereOE
long fingerc1300
longmanc1300
midsfinger1483
mid-finger1644
thimble-finger1796
second finger1860
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 336 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 309 He pult forth is felawe, þe ‘longue finguer’, þat sit him next.
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. bvv Betwene the longe fyngre and the leche fyngre.
1694 W. Holder Disc. Time i. 5 From the tip of the Elbow, to the end of the long Finger, is half a Yard.
1783 tr. A. Bemetzrieder Acct. New Way of considering Musick 5 The three long fingers are for the first division.
1867 Proc. Royal Soc. 1866–7 15 235 Both sides of the long finger were..provided with this muscle.
1979 Black Belt Jan. 39/3 Ligament injuries of the index or long finger.
2010 F. Schuind et al. in M. Z. Siemionow & M. Eisenmann-Klein Plastic & Reconstructive Surg. xxxvi. 503/1 The proximate interphalangeal joints of the long fingers and the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb are particularly at risk.
long-fingered adj. having long fingers or digits; frequently in the names of animals.
ΚΠ
1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 152 His eyes great and blacke, his handes white and long fingred [Sp. los dedos largos], his haire yellow & thicke.
1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. E3v I doe first deliuer to your most Skreete, & long-fingred hands, this head (or top of all the members) bare and vncomb'd.
1800 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. I. i. 109 Long-fingered lemur. Lemur Psilodactylus.
1906 Etude Jan. 358/1 Long-fingered, narrow hands are just as unfavourable as the thick, strong ones with ball-like muscles.
1956 Jrnl. Mammalogy 37 262 Long-fingered bats were not uncommon at Ser'Amadia.
2006 W. G. Benham Benham Bk. Palmistry x. 79 The long-fingered person is peculiar.
long firm n. a company established for fraudulent purposes, used to obtain goods on credit and subsequently dissolved without payment having been made; frequently attributive.
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the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] > fraudulent organization
long firm1841
whisky ring1884
1841 Bell's Life in London 28 Nov. A gang of swindling blacklegs, yclept the Long Firm, who have long infested our city.
1908 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 18 May 678/1 Long firms had formerly located themselves in the building, with the result that people would not now take the offices.
2006 A. Wright Organised Crime viii. 169 They [sc. the Kray brothers] became increasingly active in..long-firm fraud.
long flax n. flax spun its natural length without cutting.
ΚΠ
1711 Direct. Sowing & Preparing of Flax (Linen & Hempen Manuf. Ireland) 9 Your Long Flax will require two Binders, one near each End.
1847 R. Kipping Elements Sailmaking 55 Both the warp, and shoot or weft yarn, ought to be made of long flax, without any mixture of tow.
1915 Paint, Oil & Drug Rev. 26 May 28/2 Speculators have let go some of their long flax.
2010 D. E. Akin in J. Müssig Industr. Applic. Nat. Fibres iv. 103 A short fibre bundle fraction, termed hacking tow, is produced as a byproduct of the long flax.
long fly n. Baseball a fly ball batted to the outfield.
ΚΠ
1867 Detroit Free Press 14 Aug. Witherspoon took his third [base] on a long fly to center field.
1969 Boys' Life Apr. 62/4 The next batter hit a long fly that seemed certain to drop for at least a double.
2006 J. Reisler Great Day in Cooperstown iv. 58 Those dead ball days when long flies were rare.
long forage n. straw and green fodder, as distinguished from hay, oats, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > hay or straw
hayc825
strawc1000
pease-strawa1325
bean-strawc1386
hard meat1481
quitch?1523
meadow1557
pease-bolt1573
salt hay1648
stover1669
barley-straw1678
marsh hay1728
pea straw1735
chaff1772
long forage1794
bog-hay1799
bhusa1829
peavine hay1846
tibbin1900
slough hay1934
1794 in Laws Maryland (1800) II. xix. §ii The commissioners..shall have full power..to..cause to be erected therein a pair of good and sufficient hay-scales, with weights, for the weighing of all hay and long forage that may be hereafter brought for sale to said market.
1903 J. H. Hudson Sketches & Reminisc. viii. 138 To supply long forage for fall and winter use, farmers cut down and cured the sassafras and other green bushes growing in the fields and fence corners.
2012 K. Kardashian Milk Money iv. 93 Give a cow too much long forage and you don't maximize nutrient availability in the particles.
long-form adj. designating a longer piece of writing, entertainment, or anything which usually also has a shorter form; cf. short-form n. at short adj., n., and adv. Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1961 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. Oct. 974/2 The Government surrendered and started using the so-called long-form contract.
1983 A. Silver & E. Ward Film Director's Team (1988) i. 13 The DGA has attempted to alleviate some of the potential conflict..by securing the director's right to select the first assistant—but only in feature films and long-form television.
1994 Accountancy Sept. 13/1 According to the inspectors, Spicers failed right from its first major project, the long form report.
2013 Guardian 23 Mar. (Review section) 7/1 Long-form journalism, done well, is qualitatively different from any form of reportage that we regularly see in this country—in the space given to it, in the depth of research undertaken, and most of all, in its ambitions.
Long Forties n. Nautical a long bank in the North Sea between Aberdeen and southern Norway, approx. 40 fathoms deep for much of its length.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Atlantic Ocean > roaring Forties
Long Forties1776
roaring forties1841
1776 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772: Pt. 2 145 Quantities of white-fish..might be taken on the great sand banks off this coast. The long Fortys extend parallel to it.
1863 N. Sea Pilot (Hydrogr. Office, Admiralty) IV. ii. 33 Among the sand banks..is first the one known to mariners as the Long Forties, and which trends from the Firth of Forth north-easterly for about 110 miles.
1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station xii. 183 The Grand Fleet was ordered to rendezvous in the ‘Long Forties’; the Battle Cruiser Fleet to join farther south.
2008 I. McCartney Brit. Submarines World War I 44 A continuous patrol line was also formed, right across the North Sea from the Long Forties to the Skagerrak.
long four n. (a) (chiefly Nautical) a long gun or cannon which fires shot weighing four pounds (now historical); cf. long six n. (b) and long nine n. 1; (b) a type of long candle, four of which together weighed one pound (obsolete); cf. long six n. (a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > candle(s) defined by price or weight
puttock1691
makeweight1695
long four1798
pigtail1824
long lady1847
fourteens1883
1798 Evening Mail 2 Mar. 4/3 She mounts 6 18-pounder caronades and two long fours, and is said to be an excellent sea boat.
1807 W. H. Ireland Stultifera Navis li. 225 Or else the cotton which was dipping In stinking tallow, cook maids' dripping; And sold spruce moulds, short eights, long fours.
1841 A. S. McKenzie Life of Paul Jones I. ii. 29 The Providence mounted twelve long fours, and had a crew of seventy men.
1891 Belfast News-let. 21 Mar. 7/1 The candles purchased by Mr. Larmour were ‘long fours,’ and it was unusual for him to buy goods of that description.
1910 R. Kipling Rewards & Fairies 208 She must be armed into my Navy with ten—no, fourteen twelve-pounders and two long fours.
1977 S. Styles Mr. Fitton's Comm. ii. §2. 45 Firing down-wind, those long fours could throw around [sic] shot a mile.
Long Friday n. rare after Middle English (chiefly historical in later use) = Good Friday n. [Compare (perhaps after Old English) Old Icelandic langi-frjádagr , Old Swedish langa freadagher (Swedish långfredag ), Old Danish langæfredag (Danish langfredag ); compare also Old Icelandic fǫstudagr langi , lit. ‘long fast-day’.
Quot. 1720 is a discussion of quot. OE2. In quot. 2005 perhaps after Danish.]
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > Holy Week > [noun] > Good Friday
ParasceveOE
Long FridayOE
Good Fridayc1300
passion day1601
OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) xviii. 1 (rubric) Ðes passio gebyreð on langa frigadæg.
OE Ælfric Let. to Wulfsige (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 27 Man ne mot halgian husel on langa frigedæg, forþanþe Crist þrowode on þone dæg for us.
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 Þe Iudeus of Noruuic bohton an Cristen cild beforen Estren..& on Lang Fridæi him on rode hengen for ure Drihtines luue.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 95 (MED) Þe fifte siðe, crepe to cruche on lange fridai.
a1300 Passion our Lord l. 424 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 49 (MED) Pilates ladde vt ure louerd..Þet wes a longe vryday at þare sixte tide.
1720 J. Johnson Coll. Eccl. Laws Church of Eng. I. sig. X4v (note) I know not that Good-Friday is any where else called Long-Friday; but it is evident no other Day can here be meant.]
1887 W. Benham Dict. Relig. 476/2 Among the Saxons it [sc. the Friday in Holy Week] was called Long Friday—probably on account of the long fasts and offices used on this day.
1912 Out West Apr. 233/1 Good Friday, or ‘Long’ Friday, so called from the long suffering of our Lord on that day.
2005 M. Kvist in N. J. Cappelørn & H. Deuser Kierkegaard Stud. Yearbk. i. 50 This happens for the first time in earnest on the night before Long Friday when Peter denies Christ then weeps over it.
† long-gig n. Obsolete rare a kind of spinning top; cf. gig n.1 1.
ΚΠ
1636 W. Davenant Witts iv. i. sig. H3v When I was young, I was arrested for a stale commoditie Of Nut-crackers, long Gigs, and Casting Tops.
long glass n. (a) a telescope; a spyglass (now chiefly Nautical and somewhat archaic); (b) a full-length mirror (now somewhat archaic); (c) a drinking glass for ale, approximately one yard (91 cm) in length, with a wide mouth and a narrow body tapering towards a bell-shaped bottom; cf. yard of ale at yard n.2 9c, yard-glass n. at yard n.2 Compounds 1b(a).In quot. 1652 in a satirical work describing an imaginary instrument.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > glass
glassc888
verrea1382
Venice glass1527
rummer1625
bottle glass1626
Malaga glassa1627
flute1649
flute-glass1668
long glass1680
mum-glass1684
toasting glass1703
wine glass1709
tulip-glass1755
tun-glass1755
water glass1779
tumbler-glass1795
Madeira glass1801
tumbling glass1803
noggin glass1805
champagne glass1815
table glass1815
balloon glass1819
copita1841
firing glass1842
nobbler1842
thimble glass1843
wine1848
liqueur-glass1850
straw-stem1853
pokal1854
goblet1856
mousseline1862
pony glass1862
long-sleever1872
cocktail glass1873
champagne flute1882
yard-glass1882
sleever1896
tea-glass1898
liqueur1907
dock-glass1911
toast-master glass1916
Waterford1916
stem-glass1922
Pilsner glass1923
Amen glass1924
ballon1930
balloon goblet1931
thistle glass1935
snifter1937
balloon1951
shot-glass1955
handle1956
tulip1961
schooner1967
champagne fountain1973
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun] > looking-glass
looking-glass1526
Venice glass1527
tooting-glassc1560
seeing-glass1565
girdle-glassa1652
Venice looking-glass1655
considering-glass1660
peeper1673
long glass1680
table glass1688
dressing glass1697
keeking-glassa1724
toilet glass1729
long mirror1793
swing-glass1809
hand glass1832
cheval-glass1836
psyche1838
tire-glass1844
tiring-glass1844
driving mirror1907
wing mirror1925
swing mirror1930
vanity mirror1959
1652 Mercurius Phreneticus No. 3. 21 The most famous Astrologers of this Kingdome..have..devised these ensuing instruments..: A long Glass wherein if it be a clear moon shine night, you may perfectly discern the Center of the Earth without any hindrance by Minerall vapours, or the interposition of Materia prima.]
1680 P. Rycaut Hist. Turkish Empire 44 Thomas Zanetti..was accused to the Grand Signior to have designed that place for no other end, than that he might with a Long-glass oversee the Chambers of the Ladies.
1713 W. Derham Let. 20 Feb. in I. Newton Corr. (1975) V. 379 I believe it by far the best long Glass I ever looked through, representing those Celestials very clean & well.
1794 M. Wollstonecraft Hist. View Fr. Revol. I. ii. ii. 161 The fleeting shadow of the pensive wanderer, reflected in long glasses, that vainly gleam in every direction.
1843 C. Ridley Let. Nov. in U. Ridley Cecilia (1958) xii. 141 Little Matt..always gives himself a kiss in the long glass.
1863 Notes & Queries 31 Jan. 98/1 Under the name of ‘The Long Glass,’ the ‘Ale-Yard’ is still..in use among the boys at Eton.
1892 A. B. Dodd In & out of Three Normandy Inns (1899) v. 52 Holding in both hands a seaman's long glass, was a girl, sweeping the horizon with swift, skilful stretches of arm and hand.
1942 G. Mitchell Laurels are Poison xvii. 186 Have a look at yourself in the long glass.
1953 Word for Word (Whitbread & Co.) 37/1 Yard of ale, known also as a long glass..held between 23/ 4 and 31/ 2 pints.
1997 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 19 Oct. 9 a Jane Gephardt presented the commanding officer with the ‘long glass’ or telescope as a symbol of his command.
2008 J. Walton Half a Crown xiii. 136 ‘Sometimes I think dressing to go out is the best part of the evening,’ she said, frowning at herself critically in the long glass behind her bathroom door.
2009 Daily Express (Nexis) 3 Sept. 36 The yard glass, also known as a Long Glass,..is first mentioned in 1685.
long green n. U.S. slang †(a) whisky (obsolete); (b) (also more fully long green stuff) cash, money; frequently with the; cf. green n.1 1e, green stuff n. (b) at green adj. and n.1 Compounds 1d(a).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > foreign banknotes > [noun] > U.S.
long green1837
wild cat1861
greenback1862
postage currency1862
postage-stamp currency1862
postal currency1862
blueback1863
fractional note1863
greyback1863
yellowback1863
goldback1865
Sherman1892
1837 Knickerbocker Nov. 413 The disturber, known in the west by the name of ‘long green’ and ‘blue ruin’..was happily beyond their reach.
1887 G. H. Devol Forty Years Gambler on Mississippi 159 He had lots of the long green stuff.
1946 S. Newton Paul Bunyan x. 63 We'll be there tomorrow afternoon with Napoleon and the long green.
2004 J. Hime Scared Money l. 177 Generate himself some long green to keep growin' his real estate business.
long gun n. a gun or cannon with a barrel of (relatively) great length; spec. (in later use) a handgun with a long barrel, such as a rifle, as distinct from a pistol or other handgun of similar size; cf. long arm n.2
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [noun] > other small arms
long gun1530
currier1558
crabut1626
long arm1675
bullet-guna1701
hand cannon1752
wall-gun1812
walking-stick gun1823
shoulder gun1824
safety gun1825
gas gun1856
self-cocker1857
bolt action1871
snap action gun1875
saddle gun1886
multibarrel1899
dane gun1900
clip-loader1901
pump-action1923
sleeve gun1944
laser gun1961
phaser1966
magnum1970
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. xlvv Longe gonne, flevste.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xi. 99 Take the barrell of a long gunne perfectly bored.
1757 J. Muller Treat. Artillery ii. 101 Long Guns are very inconvenient on board of ships, on account of the difficulty of loading them.
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 263/1 The Gorgon will be fitted with sixteen 32-pounders (long-guns).
1922 Army & Ordnance Nov. 160/1 A long gun wears rapidly.
2002 Esquire Mar. 183/2 O'Neill..requested that his agents be commissioned to carry ‘long guns’—rifles and automatic weapons—instead of just sidearms.
† long-harness n. Weaving Obsolete the heddles of a loom (see heddle n.), considered collectively.
ΚΠ
1755 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. IV. 2739/2 The linguas are the long pieces of round or square lead, tied to the end of each thread of the long-harness, to keep them tight.
1782 Encycl. Brit. 6711/2 The long-harness [of a ribbon-loom] are the front-reeds, by which the figure is raised.
long hour n. now rare any of the late hours of the day denoted by large numbers, esp. midnight; cf. small hours at small adj. and n.2 Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > night > [noun] > midnight
midnighteOE
middle nighteOE
noontide1568
noon1605
witching hour1762
long hour1807
midnight1813
midnight-tide1918
zero hour1939
1511 Kalender of Shepherdes (new ed.) xlii. sig. R.iii But yet serue the lynes as the chaungynge of the sterre that sygnyfyeth mydnyght, and consequently the other houres, for the longe houres serueth to a moneth, and the small to .xv. dayes.
1807 E. Montague Demon of Sicily IV. xv. 6 Now the long hour of midnight was told in harsh sullen notes by the abbey clock.
1865 C. Kingsley Hereward II. vii. 106 That night the monks of Peterborough prayed in the minster till the long hours passed into the short.
1932 M. Sutton Haunted Attic xxi. 194 The kitchen clock, striking the long hour of midnight, interrupted him.
long hundred n. a group or set numbering rather more than 100 (typically 120); cf. great hundred n. at great adj., n., adv., and int. Compounds 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > hundred and over > [noun] > hundred > hundred and twenty
great hundreda1450
long hundred1683
1683 J. S. Present State Eng.: Pts. III & IV lxiii. 202 The Kings Beam called the Viconte, which exceeds our long hundred, viz. 112 pound 14 per cent. so that it makes English, 126 pound, tho sometimes less.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Hundred Deal Boards are six Score to the Hundred, call'd the long Hundred.
1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 16 Fresh herrings are sold from the vessel by the long hundred (130).
1940 Eng. Hist. Rev. 55 285 Sheep were generally sold in hundreds; but occasionally we find..that this was the long hundred of six score.
2001 Grocer (Nexis) 6 Jan. 16 Average prices £ per long hundred (120).
long ink n. Printing ink that forms long threads when stretched, which is a desirable physical property for some types of printing.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > inking equipment > [noun] > ink > types of ink
long ink1887
heat-set ink1941
heat-setting ink1947
1887 Art all Arts Trade Ann. 57 The chief virtue of ‘long’ ink is that it calls for less attention from the pressman in looking after his fountain.
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes 545 Long ink, ink that can be drawn out into a long thin string—such ink has considerable tack which will pull a plate clean and sharp.
2004 D. Lawrence et al. in D. Gamota et al. Printed Org. & Molecular Electronics iii. 204 Long ink, which flows well and forms long filaments, is undesirable on high-speed presses because it has a tendency to fly or mist.
long iron n. Golf an iron with a low degree of loft and a long shaft, usually designated with a number between 1 and 4; a stroke made with such a club; cf. iron n.1 17, mid-iron n. at mid adj., n.1, and adv.2 Compounds 2a(b).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > types of club
play club1685
putting club1690
gentlemen's club1709
putter1783
spoon1790
iron1793
sand-iron1796
whip-club1808
cleek1829
driving putter1833
bunker-iron1857
driver1857
niblick1857
putting iron1857
baffing-spoon1858
mid-spoon1858
short spoon1858
sand-club1873
three-wood1875
long iron1877
driving cleek1881
mashie1881
putting cleek1881
track-iron1883
driving iron1887
lofting-iron1887
baffy1888
brassy1888
bulger1889
lofter1889
lofter1892
jigger1893
driving mashie1894
mid-iron1897
mashie-niblick1907
wood1915
pinsplitter1916
chipper1921
blaster1937
sand-wedge1937
wedge1937
1877 Scotsman 9 Apr. 6/7 The ‘sea’ hole went most deservedly to Pringle, who lay within a yard of the disc off a long iron approach.
1955 Times 29 Aug. 3/2 Aitken, drawing on his strongest suit, played a long iron to perfection at the eighth and squared the match.
2010 S. Newell Compl. Golf Man. 103 Select a long iron, a mid-iron and a short iron and hit the balls toward the target.
long-jawed adj. (a) having a long jaw; (also) having an unhappy or exaggeratedly solemn facial expression; (b) (Nautical and Rope-making) (of rope) consisting of loosely twisted strands, esp. as the result of being put under great strain; (now rare); = soft-laid at laid adj. b.
ΚΠ
1729 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide 305 The former Cannon..will not yet serve for an Horse that is long jawed and has a large Tongue.
1771 M. Latter Pro & Con 25 The hypocritical Imposters of puritanic Patriotism dropped the long-jawed Mask of solemn Sadness, and resumed..the Countenance of Joy.
1843 United Service Mag. Mar. 363 The compositions of adepts in diplomacy, may be likened to ‘long-jawed’ rope, which, from its pliability, will coil both ways.
1885 Daily Tel. 25 Sept. 2/2 The dainty, long-jawed beings which in the Soudan were called ‘lady-fish’.
1908 L. Fairman Blue Calf 37 My sister's oldest boy, Sam, is as solemn, sober and long-jawed a youth as you could find in a Sabbath day's journey.
1913 Plymouth Products June 7 This sailmaker's rope..was laid extremely soft—i.e., with the strands twisted together rather loosely, or, as a rope-maker would say, ‘long jawed’.
1962 G. L. Danton Theory & Pract. Seamanship xvi. 434 A kink which is about to develop should never be pulled out, otherwise the rope is long-jawed and permanently damaged.
2014 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 16 Feb. 8 g When it comes to alligators, your host knows just where to look, and he'll steer the boat extra close to the long-jawed inhabitants.
long-keeping adj. (of food or drink) able to be kept for a long time without spoiling, long-lasting; (also) designating a quality or attribute that enables food or drink to be kept for a long time.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [adjective] > stored > able to be > for a long time
long-keeping1614
long-lasting1669
1614 S. Jerome Moses his Sight of Canaan 299 The nature of all flesh (yea, euen of the long keeping Peacocke) which will not keepe for any long time from rotting and corrupting.
1777 R. Weston Universal Botanist IV. 139 It is not a long keeping apple.
1873 Trans. Dept. Agric. State Illinois 1872 10 58 A well known favorite, its long-keeping qualities recommending it wherever it is known.
1970 Guardian 6 June 12/4 Long-keeping cream..keeps longer than fresh cream but a shorter time than sterilised cream.
2008 A. Mendelson Milk ii. 81 Long-keeping milk in aseptic packaging has been advertised as a great convenience.
long lady n. regional or colloquial (now historical and rare) = farthing-candle at farthing n. Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > candle(s) defined by price or weight
puttock1691
makeweight1695
long four1798
pigtail1824
long lady1847
fourteens1883
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Long-lady, a farthing-candle. East.
1953 A. Jobson Househ. & Country Crafts vii. 81 A farthing candle was known as a Long Lady.
long language n. †(a) writing composed of words written in full, as distinguished from shorthand or cipher; cf. longhand n. (obsolete); (b) long-winded or verbose language (now rare). [In sense (b) rendering classical Latin macrologia or its etymon ancient Greek μακρολογία macrology n.]
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > pleonasm
long language1521
pleonasmus1533
macrologya1538
perissology1583
pleonasm1610
1521 tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Cyte of Ladyes i. xxxvi. sig. Mm.vv She founde dyuers maners of letters abreged that she tought the Egypcyans and gaue them fourme of theyr longe language [Fr. leur lengage trop lonc] to abrege it.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 215 Macrologia, or long language, when we vse large clauses or sentences more than is requisite to the matter.
a1794 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) V. 589 If we compare these two Lexicons, the Greek in his long language must veil his bonnet to the German.
1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 34 Those Greeks did not use cypher, but the long language of the country.
1860 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) 1 168/2 They commenced a lively interchange of long language, each charging the other with an assortment of polysyllabic crimes and petty larcenies.
2013 T. Russell Commons People xix. 336 You don't need to be able to speak in long language, you don't need to be able to go into the Chamber and speak in that weird nonsense speak that nobody understands.
long-lashed adj. (a) (of a whip) having a long lash; (b) having long eyelashes.
ΚΠ
1742 R. Poole Journey France & Holland I. 85/2 They are provided with very long lash'd Whips.
1798 W. S. Landor Gebir v. 48 Her long-lashed eyes abased.
1856 J. G. Whittier Panorama 128 A pleased surprise Looked from her long-lashed hazel eyes.
1912 Nature 7 Mar. 8/1 Whistling sounds, like that of numerous long-lashed whips swishing rapidly through the air.
2008 J. Mann Edge 95 Long-lashed eyes moody and distant, he smoked his hand-rolled cigarettes.
long leave n. an absence or departure for a long period of time; (also) permission to take such an absence.In early use often with reference to death.
ΚΠ
1599 R. Allott Wits Theater Little World f. 237v Calanus, an Indian Gymnosophist, when he had taken his long leaue of Alexander, piled vp a bonfire in the suburbs of Babilon,..then he mounted the pile..& stoutly and valiantly dyed.
a1668 J. Alleine Remaines (1674) sig. Av To use all earthly comforts in a mortifyed manner, as those that are taking their long leave.
1793 C. Smith Old Manor House II. xiii. 296 The painful task of reconciling her to his going so soon, and of taking a long—long leave, seemed to require an age!
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Long leave, permission to visit friends at a distance.
1944 Princeton Alumni Weekly 22 Sept. 21/1 Sam returned to a long leave in Augusta.
2011 H. Corder in H. P. Lee Judiciaries in Compar. Perspectives v. 105 Appointing senior advocates..to the bench for a period of one to three months, typically to replace a judge on long leave.
† long-legger n. Nautical Obsolete rare a type of schooner with sharp bows.Only attested in glossaries.
ΚΠ
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Long leggers, lean schooners. Longer than ordinary proportion to breadth. Swift.
long lens n. a lens with a long focal length, esp. as a camera attachment for taking photographs or filming from a great distance. Frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > lens > types of
portrait lens1852
short-focus lens1862
periscope1865
rectilinear1867
pantoscope1868
wide-angle1868
long lens1876
apochromatic1887
anastigmat1890
concentric lens1890
euryscope1890
landscape lens1890
rectigraph1890
symmetrical1890
concentric1893
telelens1893
telephoto1894
monocle1897
stigmat1901
stigmatic1902
Long Tom1910
zoom lens1932
Panavision1955
teleconverter1959
macro lens1961
zoom1969
macro1971
1876 Scotsman 12 Feb. 6/5 Among other devices which were adopted..was a long lens with a focus of 40 feet.
1921 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 56 56 A groove stop..is cut around the long lens.
1974 Film Q. Spring 31/1 Shot with a long lens, the village in the background is hung like a clay tapestry behind the milling Internationalists.
2010 Independent (Nexis) 12 Apr. 39 You're a fool if you think you can keep anything secret in a world of long lens cameras.
longlick n. U.S. slang (now historical and rare) molasses; (Nautical) a drink made from a mixture of tea, coffee, and molasses; cf. long sugar n.In quot. 1826 in a representation of African-American speech.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > syrup > [noun] > in sugar manufacture > molasses
molasses1582
syrup1599
treacle1694
long sweetening1714
syrup of sugar1715
long sugar1728
'lasses1775
longlick1826
sweetness1920
1826 N.-Y. Mirror, & Ladies' Lit. Gaz. 4 Mar. 255/1 De big werry lump dirt like de barrel tobacco and de sand like de long lick.
1915 Whale Fishery New Eng. 36 The food consisted of ‘longlick’ and ‘scouse’, the former made of tea, coffee, and molasses, and the latter of hardtack, beans, and meat.
2008 J. Cummins Cast Away ii. 147 He..drank a loathsome concoction of coffee, tea and molasses called ‘longlick’ if he did not want to drink dreadful water from the mouldy barrels in the hold.
long lie n. chiefly Scottish a period of sleeping or resting in bed which extends beyond the usual time of rising; a ‘lie in’ (cf. lie n.2 5).
ΚΠ
a1838 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. MSS (Adv. 22.1.10) X. 183/1 ‘He taks a lang lie in the morning’, he does not get early out of bed.
1894 ‘Vathek’ Brechin of Today 11 The feasts are Saturday nights, when the prospect of a ‘long lie’ on the morrow, and the presence of our country cousins, impart an additional zest to the gathering.
1922 S. Leslie Oppidan xxii. 276 The sine was made to forego the sweetness of a long lie in order to run..before breakfast.
1982 F. Urquhart in Sc. Short Stories 207 Tomorrow's Saturday, and the lassies can have a long lie.
2014 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 12 May (Features section) 30 Sunday mornings are normally for long lies, reading the papers and maybe a nice spot of breakfast.
long litter n. now rare = long manure n.
ΚΠ
1660 tr. R. Arnauld d'Andilly Manner of ordering Fruit-trees viii. 104 Their whole stemms must, before the thorns are put about them, be covered with long litter [Fr. foüerre long].
1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. iii. xiii. 304 Tulips..are protected..by Coverings of Straw, or long Litter.
1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 195 In frosty weather, protect the rows by fern leaves, long litter, or branches of evergreens.
1930 Manch. Guardian 5 July 12/3 The celery tops..should be covered with straw, bracken, or long litter.
† long-little n. Obsolete a long discussion that has little substance.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [noun] > that which is small > a small thing
minutea1450
minim1590
mite1594
titmouse1596
moteling1605
atom1633
thingling1652
long-little1653
parvitude1659
bodikin1668
eschantillon1720
niff-naff1808
smolt1808
runt1819
titty-tottya1825
featherweight1838
thinglet1839
shable1842
thumb1854
nubbin1857
speckle1882
teeny-weeny1894
hickey1909
tiddler1937
pinhead1951
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > that which is short
long-little1653
stub1693
1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 7 Time was so spin'd out by your long productions, and his Repetitions of your Syllogisms, that there was but a very long-little, in comparison of what else might have been delivered.
long lugs n. Scottish and Irish English (northern) (a name for) an animal with long ears; cf. long-ear n.1 1b.
ΚΠ
1729 A. Ramsay Poems II. 114 Sae poor lang Lugs [sc. an ass] maun pay the Kane for a'.
1827 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxxiv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 118 The ass brays sae loud and lang, that the hail company is startled, and Lang-Lugs himsel percaves that he has been trottin for their amusement.
1901 T. Mair in A. I. McConnochie Bk. of Ellon 178 The names of some of them [sc. a team of oxen] were yelled fiercely by the gadsman or others—such as ‘Langlugs’, ‘Peter’, or ‘Ranter’.
2002 V. Gillies Lightning Tree 10 Run on, lang lugs [sc. a hare], take me with you.
long-lugged adj. Scottish and Irish English (northern) having long ears; (figurative) quick to hear of any rumour or gossip; inquisitive, prying.
ΚΠ
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. vi. 101 While that lang-lugged limmer o' a lass is gaun flisking in and out o' the room.
1901 N. Munro in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 355/1 It's a gossiping community this, long-lugged and scandal-loving.
2000 M. Fitt But n Ben A-go-go xx. 149 Broon..wid send hame ony pairtners or lang-luggit freends that micht staun atween him an an easy cowp.
2004 K. O'Hara Last of Donkey Pilgrims 428 I sat up on Tiernan's wall. while the long-lugged pair [sc. two donkeys] mingled at midfield.
long-lunged adj. now rare (a) (tediously) verbose (cf. long-winded adj. 2a); (b) possessing or characteristic of powerful lungs (cf. long-winded adj. 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > prolix
tedious1412
prolix?a1475
prolixtc1485
longa1525
prolixious1577
long-winded1589
long-drawn1592
wire-drawn1603
long-breatheda1628
long-spun1633
pedalian1636
oblong1643
lacinious1648
long-lunged1660
lengthened1705
libertine1710
lengthy1759
incompendious1833
lengthsome1836
spun1869
lengtheninga1872
fine-drawn1888
the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [adjective]
wordyeOE
talewisec1200
i-worded?c1225
babblinga1250
cacklinga1250
chatteringa1250
speakfula1250
word-wooda1250
of many wordsc1350
janglingc1374
tatteringc1380
tongueya1382
ganglinga1398
readya1400
jargaunt1412
talkative1432
open-moutheda1470
clattering1477
trattling?a1513
windy1513
popping1528
smatteringa1529
rattle?1529
communicablea1533
blab1552
gaggling1553
long-tongued?1553
prittle-prattle1556
pattering1558
talking1560
bobling1566
gabbling1566
verbal1572
piet1573
twattling1573
flibber gibber1575
babblative1576
tickle-tongued1577
tattling1581
buzzing1587
long-winded1589
multiloquous1591
discoursive1599
rattling1600
glib1602
flippant1605
talkful1605
nimble-tongued1608
tongue-ripe1610
fliperous1611
garrulous?1611
futile1612
overspeaking1612
feather-tongueda1618
tongue-free1617
long-breatheda1628
well-breathed1635
multiloquious1640
untongue-tied1640
unretentive1650
communicative1651
linguacious1651
glibbed1654
largiloquent1656
multiloquent1656
parlagea1657
loose-clacked1661
nimble-chop1662
twit-twat1665
over-talkativea1667
loquacious1667
loudmouth1668
conversable1673
gash1681
narrative1681
chappy1693
apposite1701
conversative1703
gabbit1710
lubricous1715
gabby?1719
ventose1721
taleful1726
chatty?1741
blethering1759
renable1781
fetch-fire1784
conversational1799
conversant1803
gashing1808
long-lunged1815
talky1815
multi-loquacious1819
prolegomenous1822
talky-talky1831
nimble-mouthed1836
slipper1842
speechful1842
gassy1843
in great force1849
yattering1859
babbly1860
irreticent1864
chattable1867
lubrical1867
chattery1869
loose-mouthed1872
chinny1883
tongue-wagging1885
yappy1909
big-mouthed1914
loose-lipped1919
ear-bashing1945
ear-bending1946
yackety-yacking1953
nattering1959
yacking1959
woofy1960
1660 J. Howell Lex. Tetraglotton To Tru Philol. A significant, and sapid succinct Proverb..works upon the Intellectuals oftentimes more then a..long-lungd Sermon.
1815 Ld. Byron Let. 12 June (1975) IV. 297 The villain is a..long-lunged orator in the meetings.
1833 E. C. Archer Tours Upper India I. i. v. 111 A long-lunged crier proclaimed that we came to see the King of the World.
1934 Atlanta Daily World 1 Sept. 2/1 That long lunged mouthy character.
1996 I. Bamforth Open Workings 45 A long-lunged howl from under battens.
longman n. (a name for) the middle finger; cf. long finger n.In later use only in the context of children's stories, nursery rhymes, etc., and perhaps reflecting a re-coinage. [In quot. 1848 after Danish langemand (already in early modern Danish as langmand); compare Swedish långeman (19th cent.).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > digit > finger > [noun] > middle finger
middle fingereOE
long fingerc1300
longmanc1300
midsfinger1483
mid-finger1644
thimble-finger1796
second finger1860
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 313 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 308 Ech of is [sc. the devil's] fingres hath is name,..‘Longueman’ hatte þe midleste, for he lenguest is.
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 753/1 Hic medius, the longman.
1848 C. Boner tr. H. C. Andersen Dream of Little Tuk 86 There were five brothers, all descendants of the ‘Finger’ family... Longman [Da. Langemand], the third brother, looked at the others contemptuously over his shoulder.
1972 B. Jones & B. L. Hawes Step it Down 12 John Davis..told us the finger names he had learned when he was a boy on St. Simons Island [in Georgia]: thumb, potlicker, longman, lingman, littleman.
2001 P. B. Schiller Creating Readers v. 128 Dance, Longman, dance: (dance middle finger around, moving and bending).
long manure n. now chiefly historical manure containing long undecomposed vegetable matter such as straw.
ΚΠ
1795 J. Taylor Let. 5 Mar. in T. Jefferson Papers (2000) XXVIII. 298 My crop last year was..aided by 48 load of the long manure to each acre.
1839 J. Buel Farmer's Compan. xx. 198 Great economy in dung may be effected by feeding these crops with the long manure of the yards and stables, instead of summer-yarding it.
1952 A. M. Smith Manures & Fertilisers ii. 38 During this rotting the cellulose of the fibrous materials is broken down and ‘long’ manure gradually becomes ‘short’.
2013 V. Klinkenborg More Scenes from Rural Life 75 How many gardeners have immediate access..to long manure (with straw and bedding mixed in) or short manure (without the straw)?
long mark n. a straight horizontal line (ˉ) placed over a vowel to indicate that it is long (see sense A. 11a); cf. length-mark n. at length n. 8b, macron n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > written character not a letter > diacritic > types of
prickOE
tittlec1384
acute accent1555
windabout1589
cerilla1591
cedilla1599
acute1609
circumflex1609
grave1609
diaeresis1611
dialysis1665
dot1693
short accent, mark1704
long mark1729
síneadh fada1768
macron1851
macrotone1880
tilde1915
umlaut1938
fada1981
ogonek1981
1729 J. Gibson Grammatical Exceptions 12 The future Tense of Sum,..in the 1st and 2d Person plural, has got a long Mark upon it, thus, erīmus, erītis.
1869 A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. I. i. 13 The use..of the long mark (ˉ) for the lengthening of vowels generally short.
1944 E. Kimbrough How Dear to my Heart vii. 124 I was standing at the blackboard writing ‘bo’, with a long mark over the o, and ‘bow’ underneath it.
2002 Z. Cipris & S. Hamano Making Sense of Japanese Gram. p. xiii Long vowels..are marked by doubling the vowel rather than by a long mark.
long memory n. an especially retentive faculty for remembering; the ability to recall events from long ago.Frequently with negative connotations of remembering insults or mistakes, holding grudges, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > [noun] > for long period
long memory1624
1624 tr. E. du M. de Montmartin Admirable Discov. Horrible Attempt 13 These fellowes who haue such long memories to relate what they suppose Protestants haue done.
1702 Adventures Lindamira sig. Cv He had a prodigious long memory, which made him never to omit the least Circumstance, that serv'd to enlarge his story.
1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xiii. 313 The Celtic race has a long memory.
1938 Rotarian Feb. 53/1 Those with long memories..may recall that the first contributor to the department was free lancer Alan Devoe.
2005 H. J. Leavitt Top Down vi. 120 Organizations have long memories, so even one or two..mistakes can have long-term effects.
long metre n. a metrical pattern used in hymns, in which the stanzas have four lines of eight syllables each (abbreviated L.M.); cf. long measure n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > [noun] > stanza of > of four lines
long metre1707
long measure1758
1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs iii. 206 1st. Long Metre.
1860 Bibliotheca Sacra Jan. 181 The eighteenth psalm of Tate and Brady, contains forty-four stanzas in long metre.
1942 Calif. Folklore Q. 1 191 ‘Lady Elspat’ is..in what the hymnodists call Long Metre.
2011 Church Times 21 Jan. 15/2 Unfortunately, this hymn is actually in long metre (L.M.), and the singers must have had a little difficulty in making practice meet theory.
long-minded adj. having or characterized by a long-term view, patient; (also) having a long memory.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > long-suffering
longmoodeOE
sufferable1303
sufferantc1330
sufferinga1340
long1483
long-willeda1500
long-enduring1527
long-suffering1535
long-minded1618
longanimous1620
Indian1737
enduring1816–7
endurant1866
1618 S. Ward Iethro's Iustice of Peace 21 [A judge] must bee..long-minded, to endure the rusticity and homelinesse of common people in giuing euidence.
1859 C. J. Vaughan Memorials of Harrow Sundays xxx. 382 Intercession indeed, like other prayer, must be what the Scripture calls long-minded; not impatient, not soon daunted.
1903 Macmillan's Mag. Aug. 242/1 Sir Garrett was long-minded, and his old grudge against Maxwell and against Isabella had been quickened by the scene in Castle Carrig.
1995 Denver Post 24 Mar. b11/4 But that's the way it's been with Mr. Tug O' War: Long-minded patriot one season, pugnacious partisan another.
long mirror n. a full-length mirror.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun] > looking-glass
looking-glass1526
Venice glass1527
tooting-glassc1560
seeing-glass1565
girdle-glassa1652
Venice looking-glass1655
considering-glass1660
peeper1673
long glass1680
table glass1688
dressing glass1697
keeking-glassa1724
toilet glass1729
long mirror1793
swing-glass1809
hand glass1832
cheval-glass1836
psyche1838
tire-glass1844
tiring-glass1844
driving mirror1907
wing mirror1925
swing mirror1930
vanity mirror1959
1793 C. Smith Emigrants i. 23 By long mirrors multiply'd, the crowd Paid willing homage.
1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. i. 10 There were no..long mirrors, or lace curtains in the little parlor.
1960 D. Lessing In Pursuit of Eng. iv. 138 All her games were centred around the long mirror.
2000 M. Albo Hornito 86 My brother Mark catches me dancing in front of the long mirror in my satin shorts in Mom's walk-in closet.
long moment n. a brief period of time which is perceived as being of great duration, esp. when marked by a pause in activity or occupied by mental reflection; esp. in for a long moment.
ΚΠ
1741 L. Theobald Happy Captive iii. i. 33 Each long Moment seems a Day, Time stands still, when she's away.
1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. xxxi. 140 After sitting two long moments while he moved his whip and could say nothing, Lydgate rose to go.
1992 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 30 Oct. a13/1 ‘What's the point?’ asks a wiseguy in the back row. Teach ponders this for a long moment, then agreeably replies, ‘Why don't I tell you another story?’
2003 J. Lloyd & E. Rees Love Lives (2004) xxiii. 374 There was a long moment of silence between them.
† longmood adj. Obsolete patient, long-suffering; cf. long-willed adj. [After post-classical Latin longanimis (see longanimous adj.). Compare Old High German lancmuot . Compare also (with suffix: see -y suffix1) Old English langmōdig , Middle Dutch lancmoedich (Dutch lankmoedig ), Old High German lancmuotig (Middle High German lancmüetec- (in combination), German langmütig ). Compare further Gothic laggamodei (noun) patience, after Hellenistic Greek μακροθυμία (see longanimity n.).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > long-suffering
longmoodeOE
sufferable1303
sufferantc1330
sufferinga1340
long1483
long-willeda1500
long-enduring1527
long-suffering1535
long-minded1618
longanimous1620
Indian1737
enduring1816–7
endurant1866
eOE Royal Psalter vii. 12 Deus iudex iustus fortis et longanimis : deme ryhtwis strang langmod [OE Cambridge Psalter longmod].
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) cii. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 234 (MED) Rewful and mildeherted lauerd gode, And mildeherted and langmode [L. longanimis].
long-netting n. the action or process of catching game or fish with a long net, esp. illegally.
ΚΠ
1859 ‘Stonehenge’ Shot-gun & Sporting Rifle vi. iv. 422 Long netting both for hares and partridges is the most difficult to circumvent.
1868 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 28 July 7/2 A quantity of ‘bush’ which had been placed on the ground to prevent long netting.
1890 Lancaster Gaz. 19 Apr. It was decided to take steps to prevent long-netting for trout in the Rathay and Lune.
1910 O. Jones & M. Woodward Gamekeeper's Note-bk. 220 Long-netting may be made difficult by turning cattle at night into the grass fields bordering the woods.
2010 J. Lister-Kaye At Water's Edge vii. 121 Young men went ferreting and long-netting for rabbits in the summer evenings.
long odds n. originally Gambling (odds reflecting) a low probability, esp. of a favourable outcome; cf. long shot n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > hazard, venture, or gamble > small possibility of winning
long odds1764
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > improbability, unlikeliness > [noun] > remote chance
a hundred to one1647
a million to one1678
long odds1764
long shot1796
off-chance1844
long chance1854
outside chance1867
a fat chance1892
to have a Chinaman's chance1915
1764 Hist. Miss Charlotte Seymour II. xxviii. 273 Presently news was brought that the favourite horse, on whose head Mr. Huntly had laid the long odds,..had fallen and broke his leg, within three yards of the goal.
1818 Sporting Mag. 2 22 The admirers of youth..added to the chance of long-odds proved eager takers.
1892 J. Payn Mod. Dick Whittington I. 177 He thinks I may pull off the long odds.
1924 J. Galsworthy Forest ii. ii. 52 With only nine Soudanese..and less than thirty carriers—all in bad shape; it's precious long odds against our getting through.
2002 W. Kennedy Roscoe 103 Put grease or flour or stove black on your best fighter's head to make him look sick and people will give you long odds.
long paddock n. Australian and New Zealand slang (the grassy verge of) a public road, used for grazing stock; (also) the travelling stock routes, considered collectively.
ΚΠ
1898 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 105 55/2 Not only it means the farm, but if you have a paddock it comes within the definition. It even takes in the road—the long paddock, and it is a very good paddock.
1929 Bulletin (Sydney) 16 Oct. 25/2 The ‘long paddock’ is not the only place in which sheep-owners have had..cheap feed.
1985 Sydney Morning Herald 21 June 1/3 Taking sheep into ‘the long paddock’ is becoming more prevalent as the drought continues.
2009 B. Hannay Her Cattleman Boss ix. 150 They were in good condition now after spending time in the ‘long paddock’, as drovers called the grassy stock routes.
long-persistence adj. Electronics designating a screen of a cathode ray tube on which a spot remains luminous for a relatively long period after the electron beam has moved elsewhere.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [adjective] > type of screen
long-persistence1934
1934 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 53 1612/1 The trace on a long persistence screen may be seen for several seconds when viewed in subdued light.
1966 D. G. Brandon Mod. Techniques Metallogr. v. 236 Visual observation of the image, even on a long-persistence screen, is very difficult at small probe diameters.
2004 J. Briggs Target Detection Marine Radar (2009) iii. 130 Long-persistence phosphors are available in few colours; many displays use green or orange.
long pig n. (esp. in the context of the Pacific Islands) human flesh as food. [After Fijian vuaka balavu ( < vuaka pig + balavu long), claimed in 19th-cent. travellers' accounts to be a common term for human flesh as food (compare quot. 1883).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > flesh of other animals > [noun] > human flesh
long pig1846
1846 J. Watsford Let. 6 Oct. in Wesleyan Missionary Notices 1847 (1848) Sept. 162 They always preferred the ‘long pig’, as they call a man, when baked.
1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes II. xiii. 386 No more ‘long-pig’ for him [sc. the Maori]!
1883 A. St. Johnston Camping among Cannibals 227 The expression ‘long pig’ is not a joke, nor a phrase invented by Europeans, but one frequently used by the Fijians, who..called a human body puaka balava, ‘long pig’, in contradistinction to puaka dina, or ‘real pig’.
1901 Westm. Gaz. 14 May 3/1 As a matter of fact, ‘long-pig’ orgies are not common.
1936 T. Lambert Pioneering Reminisc. Old Wairoa 31 Old Wairoa was a land of savages and in war-time ‘long-pig’ was not disdained as an article of diet.
2005 H. Hickam Ambassador's Son (2006) xxxii. 226 They sometimes hunt heads and eat long pig.
long plane n. Woodworking a plane used for producing a uniform surface along a length of wood; cf. jointer n.2 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > plane > [noun] > other planes
rabat1440
long plane1665
strike-block1678
mitre plane1688
straight block1812
ice plane1823
side fillister1841
upright1842
scraping-plane1846
sun plane1846
beading plane1858
bead-plane1858
fluting-plane1864
panel plane1873
badger plane1874
shooting-plane1875
whisk1875
block planea1884
scraper-plane1895
chariot plane1909
shoulder plane1935
1665 in G. F. Dow Probate Rec. Essex County, Mass. (1917) II. 10 1 Long playne, stock & Iron, 1s. 6d.
1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 29 They traverse them over, both in length, and breadth with a long Plane, and then smooth them.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 564 The long plane..is used when a piece of stuff is to be tried up very straight. It is longer and broader than the trying plane.
1920 A. H. Savory Grain & Chaff from Eng. Manor (1921) iv. 42 We found him in his workshop vigorously using a long plane on some red deal boards.
2008 R. Underhill Woodwright's Guide vii. 78 Push a long plane down an uneven timber and the plane's body will span over every valley.
long-podded adj. (of a plant) bearing long pods; esp. = long-pod adj.
ΚΠ
1722 J. Miller Botanicum Officinale 109 Long podded Guinea Pepper.
1806 B. M'Mahon Amer. Gardener's Cal. 127 Plant a full crop of the early Mazagan, early Lisbon, long-podded, white-blossom, large windsor, toker, sandwich, and other kinds.
2009 Independent 24 Jan. 3/2 The yardlong bean is also known as the long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, snake bean, or Chinese long bean—but if you can't find yardlong beans then just use green beans.
long prayer n. (in Congregational services) the chief prayer, offered after the Scripture lessons and before the sermon.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > parts of service > Methodist prayer > [noun]
long prayer1796
society > faith > worship > prayer > kinds of prayer > [noun] > at sermon
pulpit prayer1619
sermon-prayer1637
long prayer1796
prone1912
1796 Protestant Dissenter's Mag. Apr. 138 Times when even Ministers..look forward, to what is called the long prayer, with a painful jealousy over themselves.
1897 Times 22 Apr. 12/3 The ‘long prayer’..has been not only shortened but improved in quality.
1990 A. C. Winn Christian Primer xxx. 215 I was bored in church, especially during ‘the long prayer’ that went on and on.
long press n. now chiefly Computing an act of pressing something (now esp. an element on a touch screen interface) for a period significantly longer than a tap.
ΚΠ
1930 Sat. Evening Post 17 May 109/2 In answer to a long press on the bell button, a gangling boy of seventeen appeared.]
1944 Amer. Mag. Mar. 162/1 A long press on the button for a dash. A short press for a dot. It is plain international code.
2001 S. Mizobuchi & E. Wanibe in M. Hirose Human-Computer Interaction 735 If the key is positioned in a place where users cannot easily see, it will be better to set the required duration for a long press shorter than the other keys.
2010 I. Lewis iPhone & iPad Apps for Absolute Beginners 233 The iPad will recognize three quick taps and an extended long press—different from the one already used for copy and paste.
long-priced adj. Betting (esp. of a racehorse) having long odds; considered unlikely to win or be placed.
ΚΠ
1827 Sporting Mag. Jan. 189/1 The Alderman..augurs well; but there certainly is some kind of fatality hanging about his Lordship's long-priced ones [sc. racehorses].
1860 Penny Newsman 15 July 7/1 Before the day I will take the opportunity of dealing with the chances of the outside division, but may here remark that I fancy Claire is likely to prove about the best investment from amongst the long-priced lot.
1922 E. Wallace Flying Fifty-five xxxiii. 197 The mug punter was he who dreamed of long-priced winners and refused to bet on the six to four certainty.
1965 Irish Times 23 Jan. 3 The [Irish rugby] players realise the magnitude of their task, and the fact that they are long-priced outsiders, makes them all the more determined to give a good account of themselves.
2014 Australian (Nexis) 22 Dec. (Sport section) 23 Parnham produced the long-priced filly with a well-timed run to overhaul favourite Lady Einstein.
long pull n. †(a) Printing (in the operation of a hand press) a pull on the bar almost to its fullest extent (obsolete); (b) British the practice in public houses of serving more than the requested measure of liquor in order to attract custom (now historical).The practice of the long pull was prohibited by the British Licensing Act of 1921.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > fraudulent measure > practice of providing
nicking1628
long pull1683
society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [noun] > pull of hand-press > types of
long pull1683
soft pull1683
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 282 A long or a Soaking or Easie Pull, is when the Form feels the force of the Spindle by degrees, till the Bar comes almost to the hither Cheek of the Press, and this is also call'd a Soft Pull.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 500 Long pull, is when the bar of the Press requires to be brought close to the cheek to make a good impression.
1881 A. Balfour Intemperance & Licensing Syst. 24 Hence an enormous and unhealthy competition both in the strength of the beer and in the ‘long-pull’ measure, whereby drunkenness is so greatly fostered.
1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 77 Long pull, when the bar-handle of a press is pulled right over.
1901 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 355 The unlettered barmaid..tiring of handling the taps and the long-pull.
1917 19th Cent. Feb. 340 The ‘long pull’ is one of those practices to which temperance reformers attach an exaggerated importance.
2003 P. Brown Man walks into Pub vi. 149 Many other drinking customs and practices were also banned [sc. during the First World War], such as..the long-pull, where landlords would serve a generous over-measure to attract custom.
long purse n. colloquial (a purse containing) plenty of money.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > place for keeping money > money-bag, -purse, or -belt > [noun] > in which there is plenty of money
long purse1650
1650 M. Nedham Case Common-wealth Eng. ii. 83 He ordinarily gains the best bargain of Authority, that hath the longest Purse, and most powerfull Tongue.
1734 T. Cooke tr. Terence Eunuch v. xiii, in tr. Terence Comedys II. 429 The Captain..has a long Purse, and is as free with it as a Man can be.
1871 Scribner's Monthly 2 551 For longer purses there are hard woods in all combinations.
1910 ‘Saki’ Reginald in Russia 105 The long arm, or perhaps one might better say the long purse, of diplomacy at last effected the release of the prisoners.
2000 R. W. Holder Taunton Cider & Langdons xi. 56 The banks and building societies and property companies had loud voices, smooth lawyers and long purses.
long rains n. [compare rain n.1 2b] (with plural agreement) the rainy season, esp. in a tropical or subtropical country; also occasionally in singular.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wet weather > [noun] > rainy season (tropical)
rains1615
rainy season1655
long rains1670
season1707
monsoon1747
high season1759
plum rains1894
wet1897
bai-u1910
kharif1920
1670 J. Ogilby Africa 445 The Ternados past, the long Rains begin and continue in a manner without ceasing to the beginning of August.
1812 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (ed. 6) I. 739 The long rain occupies the four following months.
1963 A. Smith Throw out Two Hands vi. 70 The plan was to take off from Zanzibar on January 1st... There was so much to be done before the long rains began.
2008 D. S. Wilcove No Way Home iii. 86 For much of the year, the Serengeti Plain is hot, dry, and uninviting; but when the long rains arrive, it briefly becomes a lush, nutritious pasture.
long rein n. (a) a long rope used in training horses; = lunge n.1 2; (b) (in plural) a pair of very long reins used to school or control a horse from the ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other gear
trainel1283
forelock1467
trannet1504
lungec1721
allonge1773
long rein1775
housing1809
bandage1828
ankle boot1835
setting muzzle1835
nosebag1839
foot rope1854
breast-cord1861
safe1875
snubbing-post1875
toggery1877
crib-muzzlea1884
1775 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (Dublin ed. 4) Allonge,..a long rein, when the horse is trotted in the hand.
1893 Baily's Mag. of Sports & Pastimes Apr. 232/2 This practice with long reins on foot will make your pony attentive, teach him discipline, and give him confidence in his tutor.
1926 I. A. Richards in G. Roberts G. M. Hopkins: Crit. Heritage (1996) 143 Rung upon the rein—a term from the manège, ringing a horse = causing it to circle round one on a long rein.
1937 Man. Horsemastership, Equitation, & Animal Transport (War Office) iii. 123 The horse should now begin work either on the longe or long reins, and this work should be continued for from six to eight weeks until he is fit to be mounted.
2013 MailOnline (Nexis) 11 Apr. Dad got out the long reins and attached them to the mare and he attempted to begin the training under Basil's supervision.
long rest n. Music (chiefly Early Music) a rest or pause of the same duration as a ‘long’ (see sense B. 2a).
ΚΠ
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Character Long Rest.
1886 W. S. Rockstro Gen. Hist. Mus. iii. 35 Perfect Long Rest. Imperfect Long Rest.
1945 Musical Q. 31 44 The tenor has a series of repetitions of the first line of Busnois' song of the same title, the altus ‘relieving’ the tenor during its long rests.
2000 L. Litterick in R. Sherr Josquin Compan. xii. 388 It consists of three pairs of six-bar phrases presented without elaboration, each pair articulated by long rests, in an ABA design.
long roll n. Military (now historical) a drum roll used as a signal for soldiers or sailors to assemble.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > signals > [noun] > signal on instrument > signal on drums
tattoo1644
trevally1645
troop1688
générale1698
general1706
retreat1706
long roll1756
rappel1796
parley1867
assemble1883
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > sound of instruments > [noun] > sound of drums > roll or flourish
frolica1635
roll1688
ruff1688
ruffle1694
long roll1756
travale1798
drumroll1810
tambour-peal1823
paradiddle1835
press roll1934
1756 G. Washington Gen. Orders 15 Aug. in Papers (1984) Colonial Ser. III. 353 The Soldiers..to be ready to attend at the Long-roll.
1861 A. Davenport Let. 11 June in L. M. Post Soldiers' Lett. (1865) 56 We were so close to their batteries that we could hear..the drums beating the ‘long roll’.
1917 J. M. Morgan Recoll. Rebel Reefer iii. 31 To the accompaniment of the ‘long roll’ of the drums we jumped into our clothes and tumbled up on deck.
1994 D. H. Fischer Paul Revere's Ride (1995) 188 Captain Parker's militia..hurrying into line to the long roll of William Diamond's drum.
long room n. (also with capital initials) an assembly room in a private house or public building; spec. (a) (in the Custom House of the City of London) the large hall in which customs duties and other dues are paid; (b) (in the pavilion of Lord's cricket ground at St John's Wood, London) the large room through which players walk on their way to and from the field.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of use > [noun] > assembly room
common hall?1473
long room1642
room1715
squeeze room1850
saloon1851
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > [noun] > customs house or tollbooth > room or building
search housec1530
long room1642
toll-room1749
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. v. v. 626 The Gouernour and principall men were set in the Custome house... At our comming, we found the Gouernour sitting at the vpper end of a long roome vpon a Bench of stone.]
1642 Taylor's 2nd Pt. Theatre Gods Iudgments vii. 110 His most frequented Taverne, was the Kings Head in new Fish-street, where hee usually din'd and supt in the long Roome.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 23 He led me into the long Room at the Custom-house.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 80 There is a long-room for breakfasting and dancing.
1841 Knickerbocker 17 458 In the long room of the Village Inn.
1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. ii. 22 A chamber is provided at the Exchange, where members may bargain with members at any hour throughout the day. This is known as the Long Room.
1907 Times 12 July 11/2 The long-room at Lord's.
1962 S. Potter in L. Frewin Boundary Bk. 21 It is not the slightest use simply making vague references to the Long Room.
2008 Herald (Rock Hill, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 3 Aug. 6 c A rehearsal party was hosted by the bridegroom's parents at the Long Room at McCrady's on the eve of the wedding.
long-rope n. a skipping game in which a long skipping rope is turned by two of the participants, one at each end, while one or more others jump over it as it nears the ground; now chiefly attributive.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > skipping > game
long-rope1825
1825 In School & out of School ii. 7 If they played at long-rope, when it came to his turn to take the rope, he'd ‘cut up’ nicely.
1891 F. W. Newman Life J. H. Newman 2 Our boys, in large bands, enjoyed Long Rope.
2009 S. Schweizer Under Sky x. 236 Netball, volleyball, football, races, group ball games and long-rope skipping could take place here.
long runner n. a play or other entertainment which runs for a long continuous sequence of performances; (later also) a long-running series of TV shows, books, etc.
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1909 G. B. Shaw Let. 4 May in Coll. Lett. 1898–1910 (1972) 842 The repertory men will get classed as the intellectuals as against the fashionable long-runners.
1968 Times 25 Nov. 11/7 The problem with a phenomenal long-runner..is keeping the production fresh.
1985 Guardian 25 Mar. 13/8 Publishing houses have been quick to sniff out the chance of getting the contract for a lucrative long-runner.
2013 Sunday Mail (S. Austral.) (Nexis) 17 Nov. (TV Guide) 3 Now in its second season, Elementary looks set to be a long-runner for Liu.
long s n. a lower-case form of the letter s, printed ſ, and formerly used at the beginning or in the middle of a word.This letter form fell out of general use in printed works in English at the beginning of the 19th cent., though it survived longer in handwriting and fine printing. It now survives only in the modified form ∫, the integration sign, which was introduced by Leibniz in 1675 as representing Latin summa sum.
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society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > form of specific letter
long s1582
1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie 110 Som of the small letters, as s. and v. be of mo forms then one, and somwhat different therefor in place. The long s. serueth in all places, which be capable of the lesse form, sauing the verie last.
1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. vi. 143 Since the very general introduction of round, in the room of long s's, many [type] cases have been made upon a plan different from the original ones.
1960 G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 241/1 It was not until John Bell's edition of Shakespeare in 1775 that the long s was generally discarded.
2005 Arthuriana 15 41 Note the scribe's formation of the ‘long s’ which has no vertical stroke through the descender.
† long sass n. U.S. regional Obsolete (historical in later use) = long sauce n.
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1830 Fraser's Mag. Apr. 291/2 The peach preserved by molasses or maple sugar, is reduced to an equality with the potato; with only this distinction, that the peach is long sass, and the potato short.
1860 Knickerbocker July 102 White turnip, yellow turnip, or any sort of sass, long sass, or short sass.
1909 W. W. Harney Spirit of South 114 Ye put 'em out light o' the moon. Long sass, light o' the moon; short sass, dark o' the moon.
† long sauce n. U.S. regional (eastern) Obsolete (historical in later use) vegetables that have an elongated shape, as carrots, parsnips, etc.; a dish or relish made from these; cf. sauce n. 2a.
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1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iii. vii. 176 Deeply skilled in the mystery of making apple sweetmeats, long sauce and pumpkin pie.
1809 A. Ritson Poet. Pict. Amer. 76 Their long sauce, and their short sauce too, About their boats are laid in view.
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) 255 Beets, carrots, and parsnips are long sauce.
1917 E. B. Knipe & A. A. Knipe Maid of Old Manhattan v. 36 Had I but taken a proper pride in my figure I would have stayed my spoon from the long sauce.
long sea n. now historical and rare short for long sea passage; also attributive.
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society > travel > travel by water > [noun] > a voyage > long
long sea1595
1595 J. Chamberlain Let. 4 May (1939) I. 33 Most of his followers shipt themselves at Nantes and came away by longe seas.
1680 J. Aubrey in J. Walker Lett. Eminent Persons (1813) III. 439 He was drowned goeing to Plymouth by long sea.
1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 353 The Projector has already made one Trip to try Experiments, and was in his passage to London by Long-Sea to make a further Proof.
1861 Lady C. E. Canning in A. J. C. Hare Two Noble Lives (1893) III. 148 In a few weeks we shall be beginning to pack off our long-sea goods.
1985 M. S. Drower F. Petrie vii. 153 The cases sent by long sea did not arrive in Liverpool till the end of July.
long-shaded adj. [in early use translating ancient Greek δολιχόσκιος] rare = long-shadowed adj.
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1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Odysses xix. 237 Next the Dogs he went, And in his hand shook a longshaded Spear [Gk. δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος].
1958 B. Behan Borstal Boy 320 The sun shone through the long shaded trees, not white like summer, and no way hot, by steady, golden.
long-shadowed adj. [in early use translating ancient Greek δολιχόσκιος] casting, or characterized by, a long shadow.
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1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xi. 281 Now be firm. He said, and hurling his long-shadow'd beam [Gk. δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος] Smote Hector.
1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad vii. 127 Brandishing his long-shadowed spear [Gk. δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος].
1979 N.Y. Times 14 Oct. (Arts & Leisure section) 40/4 The light of late afternoon lends a long shadowed mystery to everything.
2009 B. Cornwell Burning Land (2010) 321 The sun was still showing beneath the clouds, casting a long-shadowed, dazzling brilliance.
† long shilling n. colloquial Obsolete a shilling or (by extension) a fixed sum paid for an especially large amount of something, esp. an extra long cab journey; (hence) a hard-earned payment.
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun] > according to amount
pittance1611
half-pay1664
long shilling1764
overpay1765
living wage1817
subsistence wage1831
existence wage1893
social wage1925
1764 London Chron. 7 Jan. 4/3 The delicate Gaywoods were..conveyed in their own carriage to the front boxes..; whereas the jolly Trenchards..took a long shilling drive in a hackney coach.
1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) Long Shilling, this among hackney coachmen, before the alteration in the fares, was from the Royal Exchange to the east corner of Catherine-street in the Strand.
1826 Sporting Mag. Feb. 246/2 Selling ‘Brummagem ware—a long shilling's worth’ as he termed it— razor, knife, scissors, and spoon, with a variety of other articles.
1861 Standard 3 Jan. 7/4 He experienced some difficulty in getting a cab.., his office being a long shilling fare from the station.
1896 Monthly Packet Nov. 501 ‘Is that all?’ I say at last, in the tone of a cabman looking at a ‘long shilling’.
1902 Westm. Budget 21 Feb. 12/1 He used to give them [sc. threepenny bits] away, one at a time, to railway porters and cabmen..in those difficult emergencies when the ride has been what the rapacious cabman calls a ‘long’ shilling.
1910 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 603/2 There are ‘long shillings’ to be earned at the docks, but no easy ones; and the work is not only hard but dangerous.
long short story n. a short story of more than average length; a novella.
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society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > other fictional narrative > [noun] > novelette or short story
novelc1500
novella1677
nouvelle1680
novelette1780
novelet1815
long short story1877
short story1877
conte1891
short1912
long short1929
shorty1934
1877 Bk. Buyer 15 Mar. 3/2 A long-short story of New England life.
1924 F. M. Ford Let. 18 Sept. (1965) 162 As for the novel: Hemingway..gave me the impression that it was a long-short story.
2013 H. Trivedi in W. Goebel & S. Schabio Locating Postcolonial Narr. Genres i. 24 The Western novel has traditionally been required to be ‘of a certain length’ and if it falls short of that, it is regarded as a novella or a long short story.
long sight n. (a) the form of defective vision in which distant objects can be seen clearly, but near ones are blurred (= hypermetropia n.); (b) (clear or superior) distance vision. [Compare long-sighted adj. 2 and short sight n.]
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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > types of vision > [noun] > ability to see far
long sight1737
farness1883
far-sight1887
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > disordered vision > [noun] > long-sightedness
presbytia1654
long sight1737
longsightedness1748
presbyopia1767
far-sightedness1846
presbyopy1862
presbytism1863
hypermetropia1868
hyperopia1886
1737 W. Porterfield in Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) IV. xiv. 228 I should here briefly explain the Phænomena that attend short and long Sight.
1821 Recreative Rev. 1 179 With regard to Long Sight, Valerius Maximus speaks of a man who could see one hundred and thirty-five miles, so exceedingly sharp was his sight.
1898 T. Watts-Dunton Aylwin (1900) 109/2 His companions had the usual long-sight of agriculturists, and would descry the slightest movement in the churchyard.
1939 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 18 Nov. 1009/1 At 20, if there is plus 3 of long sight, the eye may get normal distant vision.
1967 R. M. Lockley Animal Navigation v. 47 Primitive man, using fewer and coarser implements, made more use of his long sight for hunting over miles of country.
2006 Peak District Life Spring 75/1 Lens implants..are usually more suitable than laser to correct severe levels of short sight, long sight and astigmatism.
long silk n. Textiles (a) long-staple silk; †(b) (attributive) designating long-staple cotton (obsolete).
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1650 Act for Redempt. of Captives 86 Raw long silke of all sorts.
1765 St. James's Chron. 9 Nov. A Silk Shop or Throwstry, which contains twelve double Engines to wind both short and long Silk.
1836 Papers relating to Production Cotton-wool in Rep. & Documents Proc. E.-India Company Culture & Manuf. Cotton-wool, Raw Silk, & Indigo India No. 110. 292 Fifty pounds of best long silk cotton uncleaned with the seed in it.
1867 L. Prevost Calif. Silk Grower's Man. xi. 199 Short silk brings the small price and long silk the larger price; and I prefer long silk.
1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce ii. ii. 200 The long silk cotton of Algeria partakes at the same time of the character of the long silk staple of Georgia.
1999 C. Mendelson Home Comforts xiv. 203/2 Silk is the only natural fiber that comes in filament lengths..as well as short (staple) lengths produced as waste in the process of reeling the long silk from cocoons.
long six n. (a) a type of long candle, six of which together weighed one pound (now rare); cf. long four n. (b); (b) (chiefly Nautical) a long gun or cannon which fires shot weighing six pounds (now historical); cf. long four n. (a) and long nine n. 1.
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the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > candle(s) defined by price or weight > candle(s) weighing six to the pound
long six1754
sices1825
short-six1831
1754 Connoisseur 18 July 146 When I observe the tawdry gentility of a tallow-chandler's daughter, I look upon her as hung round with long sixes, short eights, and rush-lights.
1782 St. James's Chron. 14 Feb. 3/2 Six Three-Pounders on her Quarter-Deck, besides two long Sixes on the Forecastle for Chase-Guns.
1847 J. F. Cooper Crater II. iv. 124 Mark determined to bring over one of the two long sixes, and mount it [on the ‘platform’], with a view to command the offing.
1864 G. O. Trevelyan Competition Wallah xi. 368 Peasants who had never tasted anything daintier than a rushlight now had their fill of long sixes.
1903 W. E. Adams Mem. Social Atom I. x. 94 If any of the audience stood or sat under the ‘chandeliers,’ they ran a pretty good chance of getting their best clothes soiled and spoiled with droppings from the ‘long sixes’ above them.
1987 D. Pope Devil Himself iv. 25 Two ‘long sixes’, the famous 6-pounders, weighing 12 hundredweight each and..fitted on the maindeck.
long sleeve n. a sleeve which extends to the wrist; also (frequently with hyphen) attributive, designating an item of clothing having sleeves of this type.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering spec parts of body > arm > types of
poke1402
foresleeve1538
long sleeve1538
lumbard1542
puller out1543
maunch1550
hand sleeve1585
French sleeve1592
poke sleeve1592
puff1601
trunk sleeve1603
stock-sleeve1611
hoop-sleeve1614
puff sleevec1632
short sleeve1639
hanging sleeve1659
engageants1690
jockey-sleeve1692
pudding-sleeve1704
Amadis1814
gigot1824
leg of mutton1824
bishop sleeve1829
mutton-leg sleeve1830
balloon sleeve1837
gigot-sleeve1837
bag-sleeve1844
pagoda sleeve1850
mameluke sleeve1853
angel sleeve1859
elbow-sleeve1875
sling-sleeve1888
sleevelet1889
pagoda1890
bell-sleeve1892
kimono sleeve1919–20
dolman1934
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > having specific parts > sleeves > types of
long sleeve1538
long-sleeved1578
maunched1688
pudding-sleeve1704
gun-sleeved1782
short-sleeved1839
short sleeve1931
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Manuleatus,..hauinge longe sleeues.
1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico iv. 78 Black cloth-coats with long sleeves.
1771 R. Jones Circles of Gomer 31 Long sleeve cloth coats.
1814 J. Austen Let. 9 Mar. (1995) 262 Mrs Tilson had long sleeves too, & she assured me that they are worn in the evening by many.
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 241/2 Ladies' Long Sleeve Vests…high neck and long sleeves with elastic ribbed cuffs.
1989 Cook's Mag. Nov. 30/1 This full-length, long-sleeve cooking apron is made of 100% machine washable cotton twill.
2005 Horse June 103/1 I find riding in long sleeves can be restrictive, even when the weather is cooler, so I prefer to wear a gilet.
long-sleever n. Australian slang a tall glass; (also) a large drink served in such a glass.
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the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > glass
glassc888
verrea1382
Venice glass1527
rummer1625
bottle glass1626
Malaga glassa1627
flute1649
flute-glass1668
long glass1680
mum-glass1684
toasting glass1703
wine glass1709
tulip-glass1755
tun-glass1755
water glass1779
tumbler-glass1795
Madeira glass1801
tumbling glass1803
noggin glass1805
champagne glass1815
table glass1815
balloon glass1819
copita1841
firing glass1842
nobbler1842
thimble glass1843
wine1848
liqueur-glass1850
straw-stem1853
pokal1854
goblet1856
mousseline1862
pony glass1862
long-sleever1872
cocktail glass1873
champagne flute1882
yard-glass1882
sleever1896
tea-glass1898
liqueur1907
dock-glass1911
toast-master glass1916
Waterford1916
stem-glass1922
Pilsner glass1923
Amen glass1924
ballon1930
balloon goblet1931
thistle glass1935
snifter1937
balloon1951
shot-glass1955
handle1956
tulip1961
schooner1967
champagne fountain1973
1872 Rep. Board of Inq. Metropol. Police Force 210 in Proc. Parl. S. Austral. 1872 (1873) III. I have heard them say, I wonder how many long sleever's he had—meaning quarts of beer.
1975 X. Herbert Poor Fellow my Country 1144 The priest got out the whisky bottle. Sims had a long-sleever.
1998 L. Murray Fredy Neptune (2000) ii. 107 At night I'd have a long-sleever In the Surfers Paradise, Jim Cavill's pub up the road.
long small n. Basket-making a size of rod, typically 5 feet (152.4 cm) in length.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > stick, twig, or rod > for other uses
winding1405
hoop-pole1645
hoop-stick1678
rack-stick1821
long small1852
frithles1881
1852 Times 22 Mar. 2/4 (advt.) A large quantity of White Rods for Sale, comprising west country, fine small, long small, threepenny, Middlebro', Great and Upland ozier.
1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making vii. 76 Some Luke, Long Small and Threepenny will be needed, and a few small two yearling sticks.
1972 S. C. Warren-Wren Willows iv. 85 The Berkshire growers' gradings include..‘long small’.
long song n. now historical a long sheet of paper on which are printed a number of popular songs; frequently attributive.
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1849 Bell's Life in London 9 Dec. 3/2 The ‘Flying Stationers’ are divisible into four classes—the running and the standing patterers, the long-song sellers, the song-book dealers, and the ballad singers.
1856 Chambers's Jrnl. 28 June 402/1 An item in those streaming fathoms of verse technically known as ‘long songs’, in which as many as a hundred favourite ditties are sold for a penny.
1957 R. Hoggart Use of Literacy (1961) 292 These are perhaps the modern counterparts of the Victorian ‘long-songs’—‘Three yards a penny’.
2001 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Apr. 19/2 Prominent among the exhibits in this fascinating gallimaufry is a group of ‘long-song ballads’, strips of paper a yard long by five inches broad, printed with popular songs.
long-splintery adj. Mineralogy (now rare) (in the terminology of R. Kirwan) designating a type of fracture consisting of long splinters.
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1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 238 Splits easily into smooth plates. Its cross fracture long splintery.
1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 536 The fracture is long splintery, which passes on the one side through fine splintery into even and flat conchoidal; on the other into delicate and concentric fibrous. The fragments are long splintery.
1868 G. J. Brush in J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 465 Picrolite... Fibres or columns not easily flexible, and often not easily separable, or affording only a long splintery fracture.
1922 S. G. Gordon Mineral. Pennsylvania 121 Picrolite: grayish-green to dark green, columnar or pseudo-fibrous, with a long splintery fracture.
1994 W. H. Blackburn & W. H. Dennen Princ. Mineral. (ed. 2) 387 Long splintery cleavage fragments.
long square n. now rare an oblong, a rectangle.
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the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > quadrilateral > rectangle
long square1551
rectangle?a1560
oblong1590
orthangle1603
1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. ii. lxxvi If you make a long square of the whole line A.C, and of that parte of it that lyeth betwene the circumference and the point,..that longe square shall be equall to the full square of the touche line A.B.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 60 A Loadstone of a Parallelogram or long square figure. View more context for this quotation
1797 Encycl. Brit. V. 18/2 Take two pieces of pasteboard..through which you must cut long squares.
1859 M. Gatty Aunt Judy's Tales 10 The shape of it was a long square, or what may be called a rectangular parallelogram.
2004 R. Bechmann in M.-T. Zenner Villard's Legacy vi. 129 An approximate long square describes the form of the well-known tomb slab of the architect Hugues Libergier.
† long-staff n. Obsolete a long cudgel; perhaps = quarterstaff n.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > club or stick > [noun] > pole or staff
roodOE
staffc1000
reppleOE
slot-staff1561
long-staff1595
bone-baster1600
handstaff1611
ballowa1616
watch pole1712
coup-stick1876
1595 G. Peele Old Wiues Tale sig. D2 You may thanke God the long staffe and the bilbowe blade, crost not your cockes-combe.
a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 184 If thou dost carry but a little Plate By night, the Sword and long-staff thou fear'st straight.
long-staple adj. (of cotton, wool, etc.) consisting of long fibres.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > cotton > [adjective] > with long or short staple
long-staple1587
short staple1802
short-stapled1834
1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell sig. Aa3v The common rules to buy are these, when his wooll is white, faire, and long staple, and plaine.
1691 ‘Well-wisher to Trade’ Reasons Decay Clothing-trade 2 A sort of short Wool,..which the Wool-Combers separate from the long staple Wool.
1749 London Mag. July 370/2 The long staple wool fit for combing.
1843 Knickerbocker 21 39 It is here that the most valuable product of our country, the long staple cotton, is raised.
1912 Automobile Dealer & Repairer Nov. 79/1 (advt.) American Tire Protectors are made of strong, long-staple fabric.
2011 J. C. Giesen Boll Weevil Blues iv. 81 The Fine Spinners had bought the vast Mississippi acreage to produce long-staple Egyptian cotton.
long stitch n. Embroidery a type of satin stitch worked across the material without any filling.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > stitch > other
chain-stitch1598
French knot1623
picot1623
petty-point1632
tent-stitch1639
brede-stitch1640
herringbone stitch1659
satin stitch1664
feather-stitch1835
Gobelin stitch1838
crowfoot1839
seedingc1840
German stitch1842
petit point1842
long stitch1849
looped stitch1851
hem-stitch1853
loop-stitch1853
faggot stitch1854
spider-wheel1868
dot stitch1869
picot stitch1869
slip-stitch1872
coral-stitch1873
stem stitch1873
rope stitch1875
Vienna cross stitch1876
witch stitch1876
pin stitch1878
seed stitch1879
cushion-stitch1880
Japanese stitch1880
darning-stitch1881
Kensington stitch1881
knot-stitch1881
bullion knot1882
cable pattern1882
Italian stitch1882
lattice-stitch1882
queen stitch1882
rice stitch1882
shadow-stitch1882
ship-ladder1882
spider-stitch1882
stem1882
Vandyke stitch1882
warp-stitch1882
wheel-stitch1882
basket-stitch1883
outline stitch1885
pointing1888
bullion stitchc1890
cable-stitchc1890
oriental stitchc1890
Turkish stitchc1890
Romanian stitch1894
shell-stitch1895
saddle stitch1899
magic stitch1900
plumage-stitch1900
saddle stitching1902
German knot stitch1903
trellis1912
padding stitch1913
straight stitch1918
Hungarian stitch1921
trellis stitch1921
lazy daisy1923
diamond stitchc1926
darning1930
faggot filling stitch1934
fly stitch1934
magic chain stitch1934
glove stitch1964
pad stitch1964
1849 Lady's Newspaper 2 June 303/1 Explanation of Terms:—C s, chain stitch;..l s, long stitch.
1910 Los Angeles Sunday Times 21 Aug. viii. 8 A very wide girdle of green embroidery in long stitch picked out by blue glass jewels.
1999 Needlecraft Mar. 12/2 The divisions of the beehive layers and the beehive outline are worked in long stitch using one strand of the gold metallic thread.
longstone n. English regional (chiefly south-western) a standing stone, a menhir.Frequently in the names of specific standing stones.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > stone
stone847
standing stone1180
longstone1651
hoar-stone1666
pillar-stone1723
lech1768
holed-stone1769
stela1776
bluestone1812
menhir1819
stele1820
monolith1836
tanist-stone1851
megalith1853
orthostat1909
1651 in E. T. MacDermot Hist. Forest Exmoor (1911) 301 And soe downe Challecombe ball to Longstone, and thence along to Longstone ball.
1840 T. Brettell Topographical & Hist. Guide Isle of Wight vi. 158 A curious relic of antiquity, called Longstone, which..is a rude piece of rock, of considerable size.
1919 H. Bayley Archaic Eng. (1920) x. 548 The dimensions of many so-called longstones..point to the probability that menhirs or standing-stones were frequently and preferably 11 feet high.
2010 J. Traynor Lightweight Camping 14 On the map, the longstone of Men Gurta..seemed a good place to pause for refreshment.
long straw n. untrimmed straw used for thatching, esp. as opposed to reed.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > plants, grasses, or reeds > [noun] > for thatching
thacka900
wattlesc900
thatch1398
thackingc1440
litter1453
long straw1591
helm1669
thatching1671
straw1765
yelma1825
thatch-grass1884
1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre i. 13 Long straw, both to couer their Cabbin, and make their bedd of.
1810 Farmer's Mag. Dec. 512 This, they alleged, served the ground as a sort of ploughing, while it afforded long straw for thatching houses, and much fodder for cattle.
1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts xiii. 185 One notices that long-straw has a looser, more plastic appearance, compared with the stiff, ‘close cropped’, brush-like texture of reed.
2008 Independent 30 Apr. (Grand Designs section) p. iv/1 Long Straw looks much softer and rounder that Water or Wheat Reed and sometimes still has ears and leaves.
† long-straws n. Obsolete the action or game of drawing straws in order to decide something by chance; cf. straw n.1 5h.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games played with straws or sticks > [noun]
spillikins1734
straw1765
jackstraws1795
long-straws1835
pick-up-sticks1936
1835 R. M. Bird Hawks of Hawk-hollow I. ii. 33 Shall we sit down here, and play long-straws for sweethearts?
long stroke n. and int. (a) n. a stroke of a machine, implement, etc., esp. that of a piston or pump rod, that is longer than the average; frequently attributive; †(b) int. Nautical an order to begin rowing with such a stroke (obsolete).
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1797 Encycl. Brit. XV. 649/2 The great use of a pump is to render effectual the reciprocation of a short stroke which we can command, while such a long stroke is generally out of our power.
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 394/2 The short stroke engines are propelling the boats, both sea and river class, faster than the long stroke ones.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Long-stroke, the order to a boat's crew to stretch out and hang on her.
1884 Imp. & Mach. Rev. 1 Dec. 6715/2 The long-stroke by which this pump is distinguished averages about one-third more.
1954 Riveting of Aluminium (Aluminium Federation Bull. 8) (1965) 30 The one-shot or long-stroke hammer, used either by hand or operated on a bench, is considered better.
2011 T. Gilles Automotive Engines (ed. 6) 356/2 A stock camshaft used in a long stroke engine might be a performance cam when used in a short stroke engine.
† long sugar n. North American regional Obsolete molasses; cf. longlick n.
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the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > syrup > [noun] > in sugar manufacture > molasses
molasses1582
syrup1599
treacle1694
long sweetening1714
syrup of sugar1715
long sugar1728
'lasses1775
longlick1826
sweetness1920
1728 W. Byrd Jrnl. 26 Mar. in Hist. Dividing Line (1929) 92 Their molasses comes from the same country, and has the name of ‘Long Sugar’ in Carolina.
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Long sugar, molasses, so called formerly in North Carolina from the ropiness of it.
long suit n. (a) Whist and Bridge a suit of which a player holds four or more cards; (b) figurative one's strong point.
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the world > action or operation > ability > [noun] > ability or talent > that for which one has special ability
strengthc1440
forte1682
long suit1759
strong card1795
strong point1798
strong suit1836
1759 Owen's Weekly Chron. 15 Dec. 394/2 Mr. Boscawen had a long suit in Diamonds.
1838 Philidorian Apr. 192 This is a good illustration of the value of the last trump to bring in a long suit.
1888 Chariton Democrat 2 Feb. He sends out printed matter..and he makes speeches. Talking is his long suit.
1928 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 9/2 Patience, he told himself, was his long suit. He had only to wait tactfully for a favourable opportunity.
1945 H. Phillips & J. T. Reese How to play Bridge iii. 101 The principal device available to the declarer to prevent the establishment of an opponent's long suit is hold-up play.
1998 B. Kingsolver Poisonwood Bible (1999) ii. 149 The domestic arena was never my long-suit, so I was to focus on a single, big project.
2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 7 July ii. 8/6 When counting a hand, if one player is known to have a long suit, zero in on that player.
long sweetening n. North American regional (now chiefly historical) a sticky or viscous substance, esp. molasses, used as a sweetener.
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the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > syrup > [noun] > in sugar manufacture > molasses
molasses1582
syrup1599
treacle1694
long sweetening1714
syrup of sugar1715
long sugar1728
'lasses1775
longlick1826
sweetness1920
1714 in Colonial Rec. N. Carolina (1886) II. 132 Let who will go unpaid, Rum long sweet'n alias Mollasses..must be had.
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Long sweetening, molasses, so called formerly in New England.
1936 M. Mitchell Gone with the Wind xxi. 352 The sorghum used for ‘long sweetening’ did little to improve the taste.
1948 E. N. Dick Dixie Frontier (1993) xxvii. 291 The so-called ‘long sweetening’ was honey obtained from bee trees.
1995 R. Morgan Truest Pleasure vi. 84 The long sweetening was calling every yellow jacket for miles. Honeybees joined the feast too.
long tackle n. Nautical a light tackle consisting of two blocks of unequal sizes, used for hoisting, etc.; also more fully long tackle block.
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1759 News-readers Pocket-bk. 78 At the other End is a long Tackle Block, in which the Fall is reeved.
1796 D. Steel Art of Rigging ii. 48 A long tackle is hooked to a thimble, spliced in the ends of the pendents, and to an eye-bolt in the mizen-chains.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Long-tackles, those overhauled down for hoisting up topsails to be bent. Long-tackle blocks have two sheaves of different sizes placed one above the other, as in fiddle blocks.
1993 P. O'Brian Wine-dark Sea ii. 35 And bring me back a pair of girt-lines and two long-tackle blocks.
2003 K. Julier Period Ship Kit Builder's Man. (2005) xviii. 124/2 They are rigged in a similar manner to other stays but are sometimes taken down to the deck by means of long tackle.
† long tennis n. [probably after French longue paume, tennis played in an open court (1585 in Middle French in jouer à la longue paume to play this form of tennis).] Obsolete (historical in later use) an early form of tennis, played outdoors in an open court (see the note at tennis n. 1).
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > handball, etc. > [noun] > palm-play
palmOE
paume1467
palm playa1547
long tennis1653
palm-playing1870
jeu de paume1880
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xxiii. 101 They played at the ball, the long-tennis [Fr. à la paume], and at the Piletrigone.
1803 F. W. Blagdon Paris as it Was I. xxix. 339 A large piece of turf, where..the Parisian youths amuse themselves at foot-ball, prison-bars, and long tennis.
1912 Harper's Weekly 16 Nov. 25/2 There was the indoor game called ‘short tennis,’ and the outdoor game known as ‘long tennis’.
long threads n. Textiles (the threads constituting) the warp; often contrasted with cross threads.
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1712 J. Beaumont Math. Sleaing Tables 10 See that the Weft, or cross Threads, be but very little finer than the Warp, or long Threads.
1844 G. Dodd Textile Manuf. Great Brit. i. 36 Some [yarn] is employed as warp or long threads for coarse goods.
1904 Monthly Bull. Internat. Bureau Amer. Republics Nov. 594 Although the cross threads are strong, the long threads are easily torn.
2010 K. Hinds Early Germans i. 16 This was an upright loom on which the long threads (the warp) were held taut by weights tied to their ends.
† long timber n. Shipbuilding Obsolete (usually in plural) a floor timber of considerable length, extending from the blocks fastened above the keel to the top of the second futtock.
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1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 35 Let your long Timbers..rake forward one after another.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 455 Long timbers,... Timbers in the cant-bodies, reaching from the dead-wood to the head of the second futtock, and forming a floor.
long-timer n. †(a) a full-time worker or student; cf. full-timer n. (obsolete); (b) (colloquial) a person serving a long prison sentence; = long-termer n. 1; (c) a long-serving official, employee, etc.; = long-termer n. 2.
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society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > long-timer
long-timer1844
long-termer1870
1844 Fleet Papers 20 July 412 One of them [sc. the Preston master manufacturers], being a railway director, deemed it necessary to dispatch a special train of ‘long-timers’ to wait upon Sir J. Graham.
1863 C. Dickens Uncommerc. Traveller in All Year Round 20 June 400/2 The Short-Timers, in a writing competition, beat the Long-Timers of a first-class National School.
1874 Rep. State Prison (Joint Comm. Senate & Assembly Calif.) 68 If the stone prison were gutted out and made into single cells, it would be a very good place to keep the ‘long-timers.’
1899 Pharmaceut. Era 27 July 132/1 A uniform makes a man too conspicuous, especially if he is a ‘long timer’ and modest. New men invariably go ashore in uniform.
1911 E. M. Bowman Master Lessons in Pianoforte Playing ix. 57 It [sc. the exercise] is equally good for the beginner who has the legato-touch all to learn and for the long-timer who must first unlearn his chronic staccato.
1952 ‘J. Henry’ Who lie in Gaol viii. 133 The long-timers are allowed to plant a few things in a plot there if they want to.
1971 Washington Post 25 Sept. (Real Estate section) e20/1 Two other long-timers will also be retiring at the end of this month.
1991 J. Quillen Alcatraz from Inside Pref. p. vii Each time a new ‘fish’ arrived, it usually meant that there was hope that some of the old ‘long-timers’ might be transferred to another institution.
2014 Sunday Times (Ireland ed.) (Nexis) 12 Jan. 15 Unlike many child actors.., she appears set to emulate the careers of long-timers such as Jodie Foster and Natalie Portman.
long togs n. Nautical (now historical) clothes worn on shore, as distinct from those worn on board ship; landsmen's clothes; cf. long clothes n. (a).
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1785 ‘Palinurus’ Familiar Lett. xii. 119 A chap that wears his long togs and gold-laced hat at sea? Why there now, look ye, I never could speak decently to that fellow in my life.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxviii. 96 His ‘long togs’, the half-pay, his beaver hat, white linen shirts, and everything else.
1902 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 402/1 You ain't in such a blessed hurry that you can't stop for a mouthful o' rum, John Corsellis? It won't hurt you, nor yet them long togs of yourn.
2002 I. C. Rogers Motoo Eetee i. 11 You can make your fortune, become a gentleman, wear long togs, and have respect.
long ton n. a unit of weight equal to 20 hundredweight in avoirdupois measure, 2240 lb. (approx. 1016 kg), esp. as distinct from the short ton of 2000 lb.In quot. 1811 denoting a unit equal to 20 ‘long’ hundredweight; see the note at hundredweight n.
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1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 149 The pure white Gypsum..is called here Potters' stone, and sells at 9 s. per long Ton (20 x 120lb.).
1920 Sci. Monthly Aug. 169 Production of maguey for export commenced in 1904, when 690 long tons were shipped valued at $78,121.
2007 Cruise Trav. Feb. 50/2 Displacement tonnage, which is the actual weight in long tons or metric tons of the water that the vessel displaces.
long track adj. (esp. in motorsport and ice-skating) involving or performed on a long track.
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1971 Suburbanite Economist (Chicago) 8 Aug. 5/4 One of the most famous in long track racing is Gary Bettenhausen.
1987 Speedway Star 26 Sept. 10/1 Despite mixing it with the best in the world to finish fourth in Sunday's Longtrack Final.
2002 Times 11 Feb. 33/7 Even before Anni Friesinger, the hottest property in long-track speed skating, could get on the ice here, the rewriting of the sport's record books began on Saturday.
long train n. a long-distance railway train.
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society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train > long-distance train
long train1838
trans-continental1907
trans1937
1838 New Sporting Mag. Sept. 193 By what may be called the long trains, in contradistinction to those that stop for goods and passengers at all the stations, there is a regular, well maintained speed.
1948 D. Thomas Let. ?22 Apr. (1987) 672 I'm writing this in the long train. Five hours of it. Steamed pig-fish and dripping cabbage and soapsud lager for mock-lunch.
2009 R. Tregebov Knife Sharpener's Bell i. 56 By train from Liverpool to Dover, by ferry to Calais and then on the long train to Moscow.
long trump n. Whist and Bridge a hand containing one or more trump cards when all other trump cards are out; (also) any of the trump cards in such a hand.
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1742 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist xiii. 68 If the Leader of that Suit, or his Partner, have the Long Trump.
1834 C. B. Coles Short Whist 46 Without the long trump you will be foiled in the suit for which you have led trumps.
1920 M. C. Work Auction Methods Up-to-Date ii. i. 158 Declarer wins the first trick, has Ace at the head of his long trumps.
2006 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 6 May 60 As declarer, we are taught to avoid trumping losers in the hand with the long trumps.
long underwear n. originally and chiefly U.S. closely-fitting undergarments with long sleeves or legs, worn to provide warmth; cf. long john n. 3.
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1887 Babyhood July 274/1 I had knit..long, black woollen leggings... Under these the children wear stout cotton socks and long underwear.
1982 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 25 Jan. a9/3 In the 1950s and 1960s Americans had no incentive to turn down their thermostats in the winter and the market for long underwear softened.
2005 R. B. Thompson & B. F. Thompson Astron. Hacks i. 9 Long underwear comes in different ratings. Standard long underwear suffices for routine cold weather, but for observing in extreme cold you can get special ‘arctic’ long underwear.
long vacation n. (also with capital initials) British the three-month summer vacation taken by universities and (formerly) law courts; also attributive.So called to distinguish it from the Christmas and Easter vacations.
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1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. D2v It beeing a long vacation, hee learned in the rowle all those mens names, and that they were men of indifferent wealth.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 93 When now the long Vacation's come, The noisie Hall and Theatres grown dumb.
1721 E. Ward Merry Travellers: Pt. I 1 That dull Time of Recreation, by Lawyers call'd, The Long Vacation.
1825 C. Thirlwall Lett. (1881) 85 A most delightful fortnight which I spent last long vacation at Cambridge.
1900 G. C. Brodrick Mem. & Impr. 216 Such informal arrangements suffice to create a ‘Long Vacation Term’.
2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Feb. 6/1 Three of its members lacked formal legal education, and had been told to get the subject up in the long vacation.
long vehicle n. a category of large vehicles such as lorries, trucks, tractor-trailers, etc., frequently with dimensions defined in statute or regulations.
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1959 Hansard Commons 4 Feb. 365 It is possible for a long vehicle to approach an intersection and to be invisible for some seconds to traffic coming another direction.
1975 Times 8 May 14/5 Our spotters' cries of ‘Three axles, national haulier..long vehicle’ were drowned in the din.
2001 Guardian 2 Aug. 15/7 The other, normal, route is across the Adriatic by Albanian fishing boat, or secreted inside a long vehicle on a ferry.
long verse n. [compare classical Latin versus longus hexameter] Prosody †(a) hexameter (obsolete); (b) (in Old and Middle English and other Germanic alliterative verse) two half-lines considered as a unit; = long line n. 3.
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society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [noun] > line > long line
long verse1565
long line1810
1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede Hist. Church Eng. v. xix. f. 174v [Aldethelme]..wrote also a notable booke of virginitie, bothe in longe verse [L. versibus exametris] and prose.
1662 T. Philpot Creples Complaint 10 Words of so many sillables, that some of them will make an Hexamiter or long verse.
1871 H. Sweet in W. C. Hazlitt Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry II. 3 Each long verse has four accented syllables.
1996 Poetics Today 17 102 Hoover..holds that in Old English only alliterating syllables count as lifts, thus reducing the overall number of lifts in the long verse to two or three.
† long voyage n. Obsolete Nautical slang a voyage across the Atlantic Ocean.
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1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Long voyage, one in which the Atlantic Ocean is crossed.
long waist n. a low waist on an item of clothing or a person's body; cf. long-waisted adj.
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1618 Owles Almanacke 41 A long waste will be much in request if you can frame it.
1796 Sporting Mag. Nov. 99/1 When we..view the pads, bishops plumpers, no waists and long waists of females, we may deem this to be a very whimsical age.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xlviii. 523 An old-fashioned green velvet dress, with a long waist and stomacher.
1951 G. Heyer Quiet Gentleman vii. 103 A single-breasted coat with a long waist.
2007 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 21 Oct. (Extra section) 90 Women with long waists can often find it difficult to find a regular one piece that fits properly.
long-wall n. and adj. (and adv.) Coal Mining (usually attributive or as adj.) designating or relating to a method of mining in which the coal is worked in successive layers across the whole width of a face (rather than using a system of rooms and pillars); also occasionally as adv., worked using this method.
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society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > for coal > types of
footrill1686
post and stall1793
long way1795
stall-work1811
long-wall1820
pitchwork1858
stoop-and-room1881
stonework1883
strait work1883
stumping1883
1820 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) XIV. 352/1 Under the fourth system of coal-mining, is that system named the Shropshire method, long way, or long wall.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 149 The method of working coal, adopted in the Yorkshire mines generally, is that known as the long wall,..distinguished from the Newcastle, or pillar-and-stall method, by extracting at once all available coal.
1873 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1871–3 1 175 Near Oldham the long-wall method has been in use since 1812.
1902 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 50/1 I worked the coal ‘long-wall’.
2001 High Country News 10 Sept. 2/3 Sieber took about 50 members of a local environmental group underground..to watch a $30 million longwall machine chew its way through a nine-foot-high coal seam.
† long-warped adj. Obsolete (of a person's head) elongated in shape; dolichocephalic. [Compare Old English langwyrpe (of a book) oblong.]
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the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [adjective]
longOE
eavelonga1387
long-warpeda1400
oblong?a1425
long-shaped1575
longwise1600
oblongish1665
elongate1828
elongated1828
oblongitudinal1892
the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > quadrilateral > square or rectangular > rectangular or oblong
eavelonga1387
long-warpeda1400
avelong1440
wrongc1440
squarelike1557
rectangular?a1560
rectangulous1680
fenestriform1860
oblong1888
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 111 (MED) Þis is þe foorme of an heed weel propossiound..þat he be longe warpid [L. oblongum], hauynge tofore & bihynde eminence.
long weekend n. (a) a holiday that includes one or more of the days preceding or following the weekend in addition to the weekend itself, often as the result of a public holiday falling on a Friday or Monday; (b) figurative the period between the First World War (1914–18) and the Second World War (1939–45).
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society > leisure > [noun] > a period of > weekend
weekend1879
long weekend1899
society > armed hostility > peace > [noun] > time of > time between or after war > specific
long weekend1899
1899 Liverpool Mercury 16 June 8/3 Those who had looked forward to Whitsuntide with the hope of spending a long week-end in the country or at the seaside.
1940 R. Graves & A. S. Hodge (title) The long week-end: a social history of Great Britain 1918–1939.
1968 ‘E. Peters’ Grass Widow's Tale ii. 24 I'm heading north..for a long week-end.
2002 M. Connelly Great War, Memory & Ritual 2 It was the bitter, disillusioned period of the long weekend.
2002 Ski Feb. 52/2 Most [driving trips] involve taking a long weekend, not only to maximize skiing, but also because driving on Thursdays and Mondays makes traffic less of an issue.
long whist n. now chiefly historical a form of whist in which the winning pair is the first to score ten points, with honours counting.
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1820 Morning Chron. 14 Apr. It is the same, at short as at long whist.
1920 E. T. Raymond All & Sundry 34 The old-fashioned leisurely long whist, with honours.
2004 N. Katz Everything Card Games Bk. viii. 93 In the variation of Long Whist, the first team to win ten points wins the game.
† long-willed adj. Obsolete patient, long-suffering; cf. longmood adj.
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the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > long-suffering
longmoodeOE
sufferable1303
sufferantc1330
sufferinga1340
long1483
long-willeda1500
long-enduring1527
long-suffering1535
long-minded1618
longanimous1620
Indian1737
enduring1816–7
endurant1866
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cii. §8. 358 Mercyful lord, langwillid [L. longanimis] & mykil merciful..langwillid, for synful men he suffirs lange.
long wool n. (a) long-stapled wool, suitable for combing or carding; (b) (chiefly in form longwool) a breed of sheep with long wool; a sheep of this breed.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > wool > [noun] > type of > long-stapled
long wool1613
combing-wool1757
1613 J. May Declar. Estate of Clothing v. 24 Then the mingling of fine floxe with long wools yet course, which beeing carded together doth holde spinning and working but most deceitfull in vse and wearing.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. vi. 24 They are long Wool Sheep [Fr. moutons a la grande laine].
1784 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Midland Counties (1790) II. 23 The sheep, longwools of Leicestershire.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 388 Wool Manufacture. This well-known staple is..divided into two distinct classes, long wool, or worsted spinning; and short wool, or the spinning of woollen yarn.
1859 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1857–8 3 458 The Longwools attain to greater size and shear a larger fleece.
1922 Textiles Nov. 39/4 A long wool had to be used for making this thread. That long wool has first to be cleared of any short fibers that are in it.
2005 C. Wooster Living with Sheep (2007) viii. 158 Hand-spinners..love to work with long wool.
2006 Field July 123/1 The splendid, sofa-sized Leicester and Lincoln longwools are still around but are quite rare.
long word n. (a) (in plural) long discourse; (b) (colloquial and in proverbial contexts) a word that indicates a long time.
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the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time > a long time > word indicating
long word1480
1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 15 Dame what shall auaylle thenne Longe wordes.
?1548 Ld. Berners tr. D. de San Pedro Castell of Loue sig. N.vi Acordynge to the trust that I haue in thy great vertue I wyll not put the to the payne with long wordes.
1673 J. Flavel Fountain of Life Opened xlii. 600 O that long word Eternity, that it might be night and day with thee.
1758 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 432/2 Ever is a long word.
1770 H. Dalrymple Rodondo: Canto III 3 Dame Reason..appointed long before Dumfoundibus the governor; Who for a while the place defended, Till all his long words were expended.
1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd III. iv. 44 Her long words, and her long knotty neck, are not enchanting.
1861 Cornhill Mag. Dec. 685 Ye're the biggest blag-guard my eyes have seen since I've been in London, and that's saying a long word.
1903 G. B. Shaw Man & Superman iv. 159 Always is a long word, Tavy.
1962 F. G. Calkins My Samoan Chief v. 56 After long words of thankfulness and the presentation of six kava sticks, they let us know that the Tapuaiga villages wanted to make small pandanus table mats to sell in the States.
2010 S. Rushdie Luka & Fire of Life ii. 41 ‘You'll go away and never come back.’ ‘Never is a long word,’ said Nobodaddy.
long writ n. now rare (historical in later use) = prerogative writ n. at prerogative n. Compounds 2.
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society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > royal writ > prerogative writ
long writa1640
prerogative writ1642
a1640 T. Coventry Perfect Direct. Fees of Courts (1641) 123 For the making of every long writ as Prohibitions & the like for every sheet.
1776 G. E. Howard Treat. Exchequer & Revenue Ireland I. 293 The second remembrancer's process, sometimes called the long writ, or prerogative process,..which is against body, goods, and lands.
1833 P. Bingham Rep. Court Common Pleas 9 197 The general prerogative process, or long writ, which issued periodically at two stated seasons of the year.
1963 J. Norris Shelburne & Reform xxii. 219 The new process would be by Long Writ only, authorising the sheriff to distrain..successively the goods, the land and the person of the debtor.
† long-yarned adj. Obsolete (of life) very or excessively long.Apparently an isolated use.As part of an extended metaphor, with reference to the classical image of life as a thread; cf. outspin v. 2.
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1616 B. Jonson Epigrammes xlii, in Wks. I. 779 That his long yearn'd life Were quite out-spun.
long years n. many years; cf. sense A. 9a.
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1661 T. Ross tr. Silius Italicus Second Punick War xvi. 466 Some with old Age are pleas'd, and praise the Steed, Known for long Years [L. longo..in aevo].
1753 H. Jones Mem. Earl of Essex v. 52 Yet still I trust long Years remain of Friendship.
a1871 T. Carlyle in J. W. Carlyle Lett. & Memorials (1883) III. 175 For long years I had ceased writing in my note-books.
1950 Life 17 Apr. 164/2 (advt.) Ideal growing conditions and long years of careful cultivation.
2009 New Yorker 11 May 53/2 Now, Darwin, I knew from long years of night reading, had seen something like this, too.
b. In the names of animals.
long clam n. U.S. either of two edible bivalve molluscs: (a) the softshell clam, Mya arenaria; (b) the Atlantic jackknife clam, Ensis directus (rare).
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Siphonida > sinu-pallialia > family Solenidae
razorc1311
spout1525
spout-fish1594
razor-fish1602
sheath-fish1602
hagfish1611
pitot1611
solen1661
sheath shell1712
sheatha1717
razor shell1752
knife-handle1755
sea-pencil1755
razor-shell clam1792
long clam1811
scabbard razor-shell1813
scimitar razor-shell1819
spout shell1848
scimitar1855
razor clam1860
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Siphonida > sinu-pallialia > family Myacidae
fleming1603
clam1672
clamp1672
basket-shell1713
Mya1777
soft clam1800
smurlin1806
sand-clam1809
long clam1811
old maid1815
softshell clam1818
maninose1843
gaper1853
long neck1857
geoduck1881
bluenose1883
sand-gaper1887
mano1899
1811 T. Dwight Statist. Acct. New Haven I. 41 The shell fish, found here, are the oyster, the long clam, the round clam, the muscle.., the shrimp, &c.
1843 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. v. 240 Mya Arenaria..is known under the various appellations of Long Clam and Piss Clam.
1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods II. 614 Under the name of ‘long clam’, ‘knife-handle’, and ‘razor-clam’, they are occasionally seen in New York market.
1923 D. K. Tressler Marine Products of Commerce 533 Mya arenaria commonly called soft clam, long clam, long neck..is found from South Carolina to the Arctic Ocean.
2011 K. W. F. Stavely & K. Fitzgerald Northern Hospitality vi. 158 Soft-shell or long-clams are almost always steamed or fried.
long cripple n. English regional (south-western) a snake, slow worm, or lizard.
ΚΠ
1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 284 We have a kind of viper which we call the Long-cripple: It is the slow-worm or deaf-adder of authors.
1864 E. Cornwall Gloss. in Jrnl. Royal Inst. Cornwall Mar. 17 Long-cripple, a lizard: in some parts applied to the snake.
1896 S. Baring-Gould Dartmoor Idylls 223 He rins away from me..jist for all the world as if I were a long-cripple.
1990 W. Graham Twisted Sword (2008) 447 ‘Jud used to call them [sc. adders] long cripples’, Demelza said.
long dog n. a greyhound, lurcher, or dog of a similar breed; (in later use) spec. (in form longdog) a dog cross-bred from two dogs of this type, of which one is typically a greyhound.Chiefly regional in early use.
ΚΠ
1634 W. Lathum Meditationes in Phyala Lachrymarum 26 Sportive merriment, Of Hawkes, of Hounds, or long Dogs for the Course.
1796 J. Smith Cottage i. 9 Anthony you wait with the long dogs at the corner of the chace close.
1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. xvii. 221 William turned, clinked off like a long-dog, and jumped safe over hedge.
1993 Sporting Dog Dec. 5/5 (advt.) Imparting a lifetimes knowledge and experience of training and running the lurcher or longdog as a valued hunting companion.
† long-fish n. [compare Italian pesce lungo (1561 with explicit reference to the anchovy, under the name licostomo (as well as other similar-looking fish); compare quot. 1611)] Obsolete rare an elongated fish or shellfish.In quot. 1611 (referring to an obsolete. Italian name of the anchovy) perhaps only a general description; in quot. 1683 probably a razor shell.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Anguilliformes > unspecified types
pimpernol1251
shaft-eel1411
kempc1440
snig1483
stub eel15..
fausen1547
shafflin1553
muraena1555
scaffling1589
grig1611
long-fish1611
stone-grig1666
sea-serpent1752
bed-eel1769
sniggle1863
slipper1866
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Licostomo [Ital., lit. ‘wolf mouth’], a kind of Long-fish [1598 long fish].
1683 J. Pettus Ess. Metallick Words at Conglutinate, in Fleta Minor ii There is another sort of Shell-Fish..called in that County [sc. Devon], the Long-Fish, or Capa Longa.
long oyster n. now rare the spiny lobster or crayfish, Palinurus elephas. [Folk-etymological alteration of Spanish langosta (13th cent.; < classical Latin locusta : see locust n.; compare langouste n.), after long adj.1 and oyster n.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > lobster
lobstera1000
sea crayfishc1440
long oyster1622
red crab1674
crevis fish1688
crayfish1748
Norway lobster1777
Cape lobster1793
spiny lobster1819
langouste1832
thorny lobster1833
écrevisse1854
chicken lobster1871
homarine1880
Dublin prawn1911
langostino1915
scampi1928
langoustine1946
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > member of > large
long oyster1622
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Palinuridae
sea-crayfish1601
long oyster1622
red crab1674
crevis fish1688
sea-crawfish1694
crayfish1748
spring lobster1789
Cape lobster1793
rock lobster1810
spiny lobster1819
langouste1832
thorny lobster1833
crayfish1853
kreef1863
langosta1924
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxv. 109 The rough long Oyster is, much like the Lobster limb'd.
1854 J. R. Morell Algeria 485 Amongst the crustaceous fish, shrimps and prawns, and the locusta or long oyster, are daily brought to market.
2012 S. Mazey Brandy Row ii. 26 She has left her mother boiling crabs and ‘long oysters’ in the backyard, and the pungent smell hits her as she enters the cottage.
longspur n. any of several buntings of the chiefly American genus Calcarius (family Emberizidae or Calcariidae), characterized by long hind claws; esp. the Lapland bunting, C. lapponicus, which also breeds in arctic Eurasia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae > subfamily Emberizinae (bunting) > genus Calcarius (longspur)
snow-fleck1683
Lapland longspur1828
longspur1828
Lapland bunting1862
Smith's longspur1881
1828 C. L. Bonaparte Genera N. Amer. Birds 440 Lapland Longspur, Emberiza lapponica.
1894 R. B. Sharpe Hand-bk. Birds Great Brit. I. 77 The Long-spurs, of which the Lapland Bunting is the type, are three in number.
1953 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles I. 314 While Calcarius lapponicus is the sole Palæarctic representative of the genus, the Nearctic fauna includes two other ‘Longspurs’—as they are called in America.
2005 P. A. Johnsgard Prairie Dog Empire vi. 92 Longspurs feed them a mixture of small grasshoppers, beetles, and the larvae of butterflies and moths.
† long-worm n. Obsolete a snake; esp. (English regional) the adder, Vipera berus.
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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Viperidae (vipers) > genus Vipera > vipera berus (common viper)
adderOE
boske addre1382
blind-wormc1450
hagworm?c1475
colubrec1480
viper1526
long-worm1578
viper-worm1605
1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 199 The seuerall kyndes of meates to be solde is without number, as Snakes without head & tayle, little Dogges gelte, Moules, Rattes, Long wormes [Sp. lombrizes], Lyse, yea and a kinde of earth.
1700 C. Leigh Nat. Hist. Lancs. viii. 147 The Viper is common in most of our Mosses, as is likewise the Adder or Longworm.
1753 N. Owen Jrnl. Slave-dealer (1930) 32 They [sc. the Bulums] eat alegators, guanas and long worms.
1903 R. Standen & J. R. Hardy in G. R. Leighton Life-hist. Brit. Lizards xvii. 181 Its local name in North Lancashire is ‘Lang-worm’ (i.e. Long-worm), which is also a local name for the grass snake.
c. In the names of plants and plant products. See also long-ear n.2, long john n. 1.
longbean n. any of several beans having long pods or seeds, (in later use) esp. a cowpea of the subspecies Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > kidney beans or kidney bean plants
French bean1542
kidney bean1548
fasels1562
frijoles1568
Welsh bean1585
longbean1587
cock stone1631
haricot1653
string-bean1759
snap-bean1770
bunch-bean1787
butter bean1820
bush-bean1821
snaps1845
navy bean1851
cannellini1862
flageolet1877
wax bean1905
pinto bean1913
wax-pod bean1921
borlotti1932
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > pulse > [noun] > bean > kidney beans
kidney bean1548
fasels1562
frijoles1568
Welsh bean1585
longbean1587
haricot1653
string-bean1759
snapc1770
butter bean1820
snap-bean1870
flageolet1877
sieva1888
pinto bean1913
pinto1918
borlotti1932
soldier bean1968
1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell 11 Take three ounces of Facioli..in English kidney beane or long beane, take those which are red.
1687 Chirurgorum Comes vii. xl. 620/2 You must hold your Lancet at a good distance from the point, about the length of a long Bean.
1840 G. T. F. Speede Indian Hand-bk. Gardening 100 The Long Bean, or Dolichos, for many years supposed to belong to the same class as the kidney bean, is peculiar to warm climates.
1985 R. Fernandez Malaysian Cookery 87 The long beans in Malaysia are sometimes over a foot long, so the name is apt.
2002 E. A. Gargan River's Tale iii. 93 The meal I had that night was typically western Chinese, a plate of lip-numbing doufu , chicken chunks under a mound of fried chili peppers, with some salted longbeans.
† long leek n. Obsolete the leek, Allium ampeloprasum, esp. any of the several varieties having particularly long stems.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > onion, leek, or garlic > [noun] > leek > types of leek
rocambole1698
long leek1842
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > leek > other types of leek
porretc1390
squirlea1400
ulpicc1440
unset leek1530
vineyard leek1562
sectile leek1716
long leek1842
1842 G. Merle Domest. Dict. & Housekeeper's Man. 140 The long leek is more productive than the short, but it does not resist the frost so well as the latter.
1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) ii. i. 357 The young flower-stalk of the long-leek (Allium porrum).
1903 G. Moore Farmer's Veg., Fruit & Flower Garden ii. iii. 77 The ordinary long leek which may be sown in the open ground.
long moss n. Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides (family Bromeliaceae), an epiphytic plant of tropical and subtropical America.
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the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > Spanish moss
long moss1697
black moss1709
old man's beard1756
Tillandsia1759
Spanish beard1763
Spanish moss1823
longbeard1832
death moss1838
tree-beard1861
Spaniard's beard1880
Florida moss1888
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vi. 132 There are only 3 or 4 sorts of Trees all unknown to us. I observed they were much overgrown with long Moss.
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 28 From the Nation of Indians, until..North Carolina, you will see no long Moss upon the Trees.
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 249/2 The long-moss region commences below 33° lat. The moss hangs in festoons from the trees.
1904 Bot. Gaz. 38 99 Tillandsia usneoides, popularly called ‘long moss’, ‘black moss’, or ‘Spanish moss’, is the most widely distributed representative of the..family Bromeliaceae.
2005 P. Makuck Off-season in Promised Land 22 But first take your time in the grove of grandfather oaks, those widespread limbs dangling long mosses of confederate gray.
long pepper n. the dried immature fruit-spikes of either of two vines of South East Asia, Piper longum and P. retrofractum (family Piperaceae), used as a condiment; (also) the plants themselves; cf. pepper n. 1b.Long pepper was formerly supposed to be the flowers or unripe fruits of the pepper plant, Piper nigrum. [After classical Latin piper longus; compare Anglo-Norman as poivre lonc (13th cent.; Middle French, French poivre long) and also Middle Dutch lanc peper (Dutch lange peper), Middle Low German lanc pēper, lancpēper, Old High German langpfeffar (Middle High German langer pheffer, German langer Pfeffer), Old Swedish langa pipar (Swedish långpeppar).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > pepper not from Piper nigrum > types of
long peppereOE
garden ginger1526
Guinea pepper1597
Ethiopian pepper1598
chilli1662
pimiento1671
pimento1673
piment1705
capsicum1725
cayenne1756
African pepper1788
paprika1839
Negro pepper1849
Japan pepper1866
shot-pepper1890
chilli powder1898
chile ancho1906
chile mulato1907
Aleppo pepper1920
pasilla1935
mirch1951
pepperoncino1951
shishito1975
chili pepper-
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. vii. 186 Genim..langes pipores x corn.
1421 in N. S. B. Gras Early Eng. Customs Syst. (1918) 511 Pro xxxiii balis piperis i bala long' peper.
c1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Coventry) (1973) 1895 (MED) The white peper hit groweth on hy, And blake peper than next þereby; And in the lowe bowes, I trowe, The longe peper there dothe growe.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. Introd. 42 This tailed or long pepper so far excelleth the pepper of the east Indies, that an ounce thereof is of more force then halfe a pound of that other.
1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xvi. 327 One Ounce of Black Pepper, the same of..Long Pepper.
1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 434 Long Pepper has been employed by the Hindoos in medicine from the earliest times.
1909 W. M. Gibbs Spices & how to know Them vi. 62 Long pepper (Piper officinarum) is a perennial plant and has oblong leaves attenuated at the base.
2008 Independent 29 Mar. (Mag.) 51/3 Long pepper is mercilessly fiery and has an acrid, pungent aftertaste, too.
† long plantain n. [compare post-classical Latin plantago longa (1561 or earlier)] Obsolete a plantain (genus Plantago), spec. the ribwort plantain, P. lanceolata, which has relatively long, narrow leaves.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Plantaginaceae > [noun] > narrow-leaved plantain
ribwortc1300
lancella1400
ribgrass?a1500
long plantain1526
ribbed grass1770
cock's head1787
jackstraws1795
fighting cocks1807
ripple grass1819
1526 Grete Herball cccxlv. sig. Tiv/1 De lanceolata... Longe plantayne is good agaynst fystales, yf the iuce be put in them dyuers dayes, it healeth and sleeth them.
1656 J. Ponteus To Noble & Warlick Nation Great Brittain (ed. 10) 2 The vulnerary or healing herbs rs the season of the year will afford, as your Panacea or Clownswort.., Long plantain, &c.
1746 T. Short Medicina Britannica 271 Hang a Bag of long Plantain about the Neck.
1832 T. Brown Bk. Butterflies, Sphinxes & Moths I. 155 It [sc. the caterpillar of the Glanville fritillary, Melitaea cinxia] is found on the long plantain in April. It becomes the perfect insect in May.
1922 S. Avery & R. G. Alexander Plain Plantain 88 The leaves of the Long Plantain make a good astringent lotion.
long purples n. originally British regional (now rare) any of several plants having long purple flower spikes, esp. the early purple orchid, Orchis mascula, and purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria; (in singular) a flower of such a plant.The identity of the plant in quot. 1604 is uncertain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > orchids > early purple orchids
standengussa1400
standelworta1500
gandergoose?1550
adder's grass1551
ragwort1552
cuckoo orchis1578
fool's ballocks1578
Palma Christi1578
standergrass1578
fool's stones1597
fox-stones1597
goat's stones1597
goat stones1597
testicles1597
dead man's finger1604
long purples1604
dead man's thumb1652
man orchis1670
monkey orchisa1678
meadow orchis1753
military orchis1784
male orchis1785
ram's horn1832
lady orchis1846
dead man's hand1853
scorpion plant1866
phalaenopsid1880
walking orchid1910
soldier orchid1934
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 141 Therewith fantastique garlands did she make Of Crowflowers, Nettles, Daisies, and long Purples.
1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 515 The spikes of these flowers are the Long-Purples, or dead men's fingers, which helped to compose poor Ophelia's garlands.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 210 (Gloss.) Long purples, purple loose-strife.
1990 D. G. Spoerke & S. C. Smolinske Toxicity Houseplants Index 238/1 Long purples, see Digitalis purpurea.
2002 J. Browne Charles Darwin v. 170 The common orchid, Orchis mascula, usually known as Shakespeare's long purples.
d. In cricket.See also long field n., long off n., long on n., long-stop n., etc.
long-handle adj. now rare designating a style of batting characterized by free and aggressive strokeplay; cf. the long handle at Phrases 3k.
ΚΠ
1903 P. F. Warner in H. G. Hutchinson Cricket iii. 71 As a rule the hitting or ‘long-handle game’, as it has been called, pays best under these circumstances [sc. on a sticky wicket].
1929 Christian Sci. Monitor 14 Mar. 6/1 The Sussex star supplied ‘long handle’ daring style.
1993 Times 23 Feb. 44/8 The Indian tail played a splendid ‘long-handle game’.
long hop n. a delivery pitched well short of a full length, spec. a slow-moving one which is easy for the batter to hit; similarly in Fives.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > handball, etc. > [noun] > fives > ball > type of ball
long hop1830
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > bowling > [noun] > a ball bowled > types of delivery or ball
full toss1826
long hop1830
twister1832
bail ball1833
bailer1833
grubber1837
slow ball1838
wide1838
ground ball1839
shooter1843
slower ball1846
twiddler1847
creeper1848
lob1851
sneak1851
sneaker1851
slow1854
bumper1855
teaser1856
daisy-cutter1857
popper1857
yorker1861
sharpshooter1863
headball1866
screwball1866
underhand1866
skimmerc1868
grub1870
ramrod1870
raymonder1870
round-armer1871
grass cutter1876
short pitch1877
leg break1878
lob ball1880
off-break1883
donkey-drop1888
tice1888
fast break1889
leg-breaker1892
kicker1894
spinner1895
wrong 'un1897
googly1903
fizzer1904
dolly1906
short ball1911
wrong 'un1911
bosie1912
bouncer1913
flyer1913
percher1913
finger-spinner1920
inswinger1920
outswinger1920
swinger1920
off-spinner1924
away swinger1925
Chinaman1929
overspinner1930
tweaker1938
riser1944
leg-cutter1949
seamer1952
leggy1954
off-cutter1955
squatter1955
flipper1959
lifter1959
cutter1960
beamer1961
loosener1962
doosra1999
1830 Horae Juveniles 30 Apr. 6/1 And ye bowlers! mind your long hops, And watch the ball ye glorious long-stops.
1900 A. E. T. Watson Young Sportsman 237 at Fives C..must above all avoid so returning it [sc. the ball] that it comes into the middle of the outer court as a long-hop.
1901 R. H. Lyttelton Out-door Games v. 102 If the batsman should..find that what he deemed a long hop is really a fair length ball, its extreme slowness makes it comparatively easy to play back.
2013 Cricketer May 76/1 Quick bowlers bowl long hops too.
long slip n. a fielding position somewhat deeper and wider than usual for a slip; (also) a fielder occupying this position.
ΚΠ
?1801 T. Boxall Rules & Instr. Cricket 61 The Long Slip, or the man that stands to cover the Short Slip. He must stand..about the same distance from the stumps as the long stop.
1931 Rotarian Oct. 48/1 Slip, one of the fielders (short, long-slip) stationed for balls glancing off bat to off side behind batsman.
2000 Sunday Times (Nexis) 11 June (Sport section) In the 1890s.., third man retreated to become a long slip placed close enough to save a run.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† longadj.2

Forms: Middle English lange (north-west midlands), Middle English (early or northern) 1700s–1800s (English regional (northern)) lang, Middle English–1500s longe, Middle English–1600s (1700s–1800s archaic and regional) long.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: along adj.1
Etymology: Aphetic < along adj.1 Compare Old English lenge , gelenge belonging, related (see beleng adj.). Perhaps compare also belong adj. N.E.D. (1903) gives the pronunciation as (lǫŋ) /lɒŋ/.
Obsolete (archaic and regional in later use).
Originally: available or attainable (from); dependent (on), chargeable or attributable (to). Usually with on. After Middle English only in weakened use as a compound preposition, with of: because of, on account of, owing to. Cf. along adj.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > [adjective] > attributable or imputable
longc1300
referrible1576
referable1583
imputable1635
ascriptive1649
attributary1650
attributable1661
due to1669
ascribable1671
assignable1673
accountable1681
creditable1862
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13377 All crisstene follkess hald. Iss lang o cristess hellpe.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) 7928 Sai waren hit his lang þat þe wal falleþ.
c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 750 Here ȝe muwen se þe wrong And knowe, wher-on his [read hit] is long [c1450 Arundel alange] Þat sinful man may noht se Hise giltes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6030 Al þis wrak on me es lang [Fairf. lange, Trin. Cambr. longe].
a1425 N. Homily Legendary (Harl. suppl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 86 All my los es lang on þe.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 4606 (MED) Slik lust is lang on þe leuir & likand spices.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 50 Neuer..we shall faylle you, but yf it be longe of you.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. clv Whether it were of the Englysshe men longe or of the Portyngaleys, moche harme was done to the Spaynyardys.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 John ii. f. xliiiiv All is long of the darkenes of the hate of his brother, that hath so blynded his eyes.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E7v Who is it long of, can you tell?
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 271 Oh, she was naught; and long of her it was That we meet heere so strangely.
1651 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest i. v. §2. 61 That the very Damned live, is to be ascribed to him; That they live in misery, is long of themselves.
1705 J. Blair in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 148 I do again assure you it shall not be long of me if our differences be long lived.
1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 24 Nov. in Lett. to Son (1774) I. 497 If that affair be not soon concluded, your Lordship would think it all long of him.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel v. xxix. 153 Dark Musgrave, it was long of thee.
1881 A. C. Swinburne Mary Stuart iii. i. 113 That all these Have fallen out profitless, 'tis long of you.
1895 J. Prior Renie 226 It was long of a long lanky chap as was sweet on her.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

longv.1

Brit. /lɒŋ/, U.S. /lɔŋ/, /lɑŋ/
Forms:

α. Old English langian, early Middle English langenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English langy (south-western), Middle English (chiefly northern) 1700s– (English regional (chiefly northern)) lang, 1800s– leng (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 1700s– lang.

β. Old English longian, early Middle English longy (south-western), early Middle English longye (south-western), early Middle English lonke (south-west midlands), Middle English longgyt (past participle), Middle English–1600s longe, Middle English–1600s longue, Middle English– long, 1500s longhed (past participle); N.E.D. (1903) also records a form Middle English lung.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: long adj.1
Etymology: (1) In branch I. partly (i) cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch langen to make long, to grow long (Dutch langen ), Middle High German langen to grow long < the Germanic base of long adj.1, and partly (in later use) (ii) independently < long adj.1 Compare leng v.1 and the Germanic forms cited at that entry. Compare also post-classical Latin longare to remove (5th cent.), to make long, lengthen (6th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources; formed within Latin < longus long adj.1). (2) In branch II. cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch langen (impersonal) to yearn for, desire (Dutch langen (now regional: West Flanders) to yearn for, desire), Old Saxon langōn (impersonal) to demand (Middle Low German langen (impersonal)), Old Icelandic langa (impersonal and personal) to desire, yearn, Old Swedish langa (Swedish långa ), Old Danish lange (Danish lange ), and also (with different suffix) Old High German langēn (impersonal) to yearn, either (i) < the Germanic base of long adj.1 (i.e. reflecting a specific sense development of the verb discussed above) or (ii) < the Germanic base discussed at along adj.1 (compare long adj.2), probably influenced by the Germanic base of long adj.1 Compare Old Icelandic lengjask , Old Swedish längias , Danish længes , all reflexive in sense ‘to yearn’, apparently apprehended as specific senses of the verbs listed at leng v.1 Compare longing n.1 and oflonged adj.In to long away at sense 2 originally after post-classical Latin elongare to remove to a distance (see elong v.). In sense 3 probably after either Middle Dutch langhen, langen to hold (something) out, to offer (something) (Dutch langen to offer, present (something)) or Middle Low German langen to reach (for something), to hand (something) to (a person), to offer, present (something); further cognate with Middle High German langen to reach out, to reach (for something), to hand (something) to (a person), (German (now chiefly colloquial) langen ), probably a sense development of the verb discussed at (1) above, although it has also been interpreted as derived < the Germanic base discussed at (2 ii) above. Perhaps compare also long v.3 and the Germanic forms discussed at that entry. With early use in sense 4 (in sense ‘to feel sorrow, distress, or anxiety’) compare corresponding early use of longing n.1 2. In sense 7 rendering classical Latin dēficere (see defect v.) as used (in post-classical Latin) in the Vulgate (Galatians 6:9). Compare earlier to think long at think v.2 13b.
†I. Senses relating to duration or distance.
1.
a. intransitive. To grow longer in duration; to lengthen. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (intransitive)] > grow longer or extend
longOE
reacha1325
lengthc1400
prolong1449
stretcha1616
pretend1655
to spin out1720
OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) iv. 84 Þonne se dæg langað þonne gæð seo sunne norðweard.
OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. i. 78 Seo emniht byð þæræfter on xii kalendas Octobris..; syððan langað seo niht and wanað se dæg.
?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 108 (MED) Somer is comen & winter gon; þis day biginniz to longe.
a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 139 Aueril is meory and longiþ þe day.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 245 (MED) The dayes longyth fro equinoccium forth, and the nyghtes shortith.
?1530 tr. Compost of Ptholomeus sig. b.iiiv Than cometh Feueryere: and than the dayes longeth, & the Sonne is more hotter.
b. transitive. To extend in duration; to cause to last longer; to lengthen, prolong. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > cause to endure, sustain, or prolong
lengOE
drawOE
teec1200
forlengtha1300
lengtha1300
drivec1300
tarryc1320
proloynec1350
continuec1380
to draw alonga1382
longa1382
dretch1393
conservea1398
to draw (out) in, into, at, or on lengtha1400
prorogue1419
prolongc1425
aroomc1440
prorogate?a1475
protend?a1475
dilate1489
forlong1496
relong1523
to draw out1542
sustentate1542
linger1543
defer1546
pertract1548
propagate1548
protract1548
linger1550
lengthen1555
train1556
detract?a1562
to make forth (long, longer)1565
stretch1568
extend1574
extenuate1583
dree1584
wire-draw1598
to spin out1603
trail1604
disabridge1605
produce1605
continuate1611
out-length1617
spin1629
to eke out1641
producta1670
prolongate1671
drawl1694
drag1697
perennate1698
string1867
perennialize1898
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. viii. 13 Be ther not good to the vnpitouse, ne be ther aferr longid [L. prolongentur] the daȝes of hym.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 202 Prayer longyth a mannys lyue.
?1530 tr. Compost of Ptholomeus sig. c.iv The myght & wyll of god, that longeth the lyfe of man by his goodnes.
2. to long away.
a. transitive. To put far away; to separate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away
ateec885
withbreidec890
animOE
overbearOE
to do awayOE
flitc1175
reavec1175
takec1175
to have away?a1300
to draw awayc1300
weve13..
to wend awaya1325
withdrawa1325
remuec1325
to carry away1363
to take away1372
waive1377
to long awaya1382
oftakec1390
to draw offa1398
to do froa1400
forflitc1420
amove?a1425
to carry out?a1425
surtrayc1440
surtretec1440
twistc1440
abstract1449
ostea1450
remove1459
ablatea1475
araisea1475
redd1479
dismove1480
diminish?1504
convey1530
alienate1534
retire1536
dimove1540
reversec1540
subtractc1540
submove1542
sublate1548
pare1549
to pull in1549
exempt1553
to shift off1567
retract?1570
renversec1586
aufer1587
to lay offa1593
rear1596
retrench1596
unhearse1596
exemea1600
remote1600
to set off1600
subduct1614
rob1627
extraneize1653
to bring off1656
to pull back1656
draft1742
extract1804
reef1901
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms lxxxvii. 19 Thou longedest awei [L. elongasti] fro me frend and neȝhebore.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 416 Hit shold not be lawfull to..cast downe houses I-bilded or to longe-away fro the seid place.
b. intransitive. To go far away. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]
to come awayeOE
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
awayOE
dealc1000
goOE
awendOE
rimeOE
to go one's wayOE
flitc1175
depart?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
to turn awaya1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
recede1450
roomc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
avaunt1549
trudge1562
vade?1570
discoast1571
leave1593
wag1594
to go off1600
troop1600
hence1614
to set on one's foota1616
to pull up one's stumps1647
quit1811
to clear out1816
slope1830
to walk one's chalks1835
shove1844
to roll out1850
to pull out1855
to light out1859
to take a run-out powder1909
to push off (also along)1923
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxxv. 22 The Lord shal not longen awey [L. elongabit].
3. transitive. English regional (East Anglian). To hand or pass (a thing) to a person. Obsolete. Eng. Dial. Dict. (at cited word) records this sense as still in use in Suffolk in 1902.Mistakenly labelled ‘North.’ in F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2, 1790), which is repeated in some later dictionaries (the first edition (1787) correctly has ‘Suff.’; both editions follow Ray's wording exactly).
ΚΠ
1673 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 71 Long it hither: Reach it hither. Suffolk.
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Long, to forward to a distance, from one hand to another, in succession.
II. Senses relating to emotional or physical condition.
†4. transitive (impersonal). me (etc.) longs (also longeth): I (you, etc.) have a yearning desire; I (you, etc.) wish earnestly. Usually with after, to, or infinitive. Cf. to think long at think v.2 13b. Obsolete.In early use also: I (you, etc.) feel sorrow, distress, or anxiety (cf. quot. OE1).In Old English with accusative of person (and also with genitive of the thing desired).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb]
yearneOE
me (etc.) longs (also longeth)eOE
longOE
yearnOE
alonga1393
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) ii. v. 48 Hu lustbærlice tida on ðæm dagum wæron..þæt us nu æfter swelcum longian mæge swelce þa wæron.
OE Soul & Body I 152 Forþan me a langaþ, leofost manna, on minum hige hearde, þæs þe ic þe on þyssum hynðum wat wyrmum to wiste.
OE Blickling Homilies 227 Ah hine ðæs heardost langode hwanne he of ðisse worlde moste.
a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 149 Ðe riht-wise man þe mid his heorte and mid his egen bihalt into heuene..him wile sone longe þar after.
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 6 Mi leoue swete lefdi, to þe me longeð swuðe.
c1300 St. Scholastica (Laud) 14 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 198 (MED) Hire longuede with hire broþer to speke.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 3688 (MED) This worthi kniht..Tok ore on honde, and sore him longeth Til he the water passed were.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20141 (MED) Hir langed sare hir sun cum to.
?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle l. 38 in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 61/1 Me longed aftir nouelrie.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) cxxxix. §9. 468 Vs langis eftire a thynge of the warld.
?a1534 H. Medwall Nature sig. c.iii Me longeth sore To here some newelte.
†5. intransitive. With an adverb or adverbial phrase, with verb of motion implied: to yearn to go. Formerly transitive (impersonal) with person affected as object, as me longeth henward ‘I long (to go) hence’. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb]
yearneOE
me (etc.) longs (also longeth)eOE
longOE
yearnOE
alonga1393
OE Blickling Homilies 113 Þa ongan hine eft langian on his cyþþe, forþon þæt he wolde geseon eft & sceawian þa byrgenne.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5490 Þiss ȝife ȝifeþþ haliȝ gast..Forr aȝȝ hemm langeþþ heþennwarrd, & upp till heoffness blisse.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 157 Þe rihtwise Mon þet mid þe eȝene of his horte bihalt in to houene..him wile sone longe þiderward.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 876 Me longeð heoneward.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 3649 Þo þe king hurde þis, him longede þuder sore.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3611 If þou mai bring me any beist þou graith me ful fair and eist; þar-efter now mi langes sare [Trin. Cambr. me longeþ so].
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxvij The man had an high harte and sore longed vpwarde, not risyng yet so fast as he had hoped.
6.
a. intransitive. With for (also †after, occasionally †at, †to) or infinitive. To have a yearning desire or strong wish for something; to yearn to do something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb (intransitive)]
thirstc893
forlongc1175
longc1225
alonga1393
greena1400
suspirec1450
earnc1460
to think long?1461
sigh1549
groanc1560
hank1589
twitter1616
linger1630
hanker1642
to hang a nose1655
hangc1672
yammer1705
yen1919
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn for [verb (transitive)]
yearneOE
yearnOE
copena1225
longc1225
to yawn after or fora1250
yerec1275
to stand to ——a1400
hungerc1450
ache1622
desiderate1646
sigh1650
tire1801
lonesome for1905
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 724 Þe cwen..longede forto seon þis meiden.
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 33 Non monnis wif after lonke, Ne of is þinc to hauen wid wronke.
c1300 11000 Virgins (Laud) l. 105 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 89 (MED) Þat child..longuede swiþe sore With þat..Maide to speke and beo.
c1400 Bk. to Mother (Laud) 12 I longe for loue.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 12 Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrymages.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 352 Rycht sar he langyt the toune of Ayr to se.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 72 For therat I lang moche.
1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xxix. 137 You knowe well that some women do longe After nyce thynges be it ryght or wronge.
1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 163 I langit in luiffes bowe to schuite.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cxix. 40 I haue longed after thy precepts. View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 480 He longed for day, and it being come,..hee quietly left his Lodging.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random II. xliv. 68 I..longed for an opportunity to retrieve my honour.
1786 F. Burney Diary 8 Nov. (1842) III. 217 Though she gave me a thousand small distresses, I longed to kiss her for every one of them.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. ii. 23 As the cold grave that longeth for its coffin.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. vi. 158 This man longed for her,—desired to call her his own.
1931 E. Bowen Friends & Relations i. v. 36 Laurel watched Edward hurry away with regret; she longed to know what he thought.
1985 J. N. Isbister Freud iv. 186 Freud longed for public recognition for his hard-won ideas.
2010 J. Powell Breaking of Eggs (2011) x. 194 If I'd known all that, I'd have been on the train with you like a shot. I was longing to go.
†b. intransitive. To feel strong desire; to be restless or impatient with yearning. In later use chiefly with till. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > uneasy or restless desire > have uneasy or restless desire [verb (intransitive)]
itch?c1225
longc1300
c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 45 This maide longede sore, And lovede him durneliche evere the leng the more.
R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 40 Þe lufar treuly longis if he by hym ha not be liknes þat he lufis.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 135 Bot, Mak, lyst ye saynt? I trow that ye lang.
1581 T. Newton tr. Seneca Thebais i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 41v My hart euen longeth till I may so fully satisfy By this my death that their decree.
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. D3 Come lead the way, I long till I am there.
1615 T. Heywood Foure Prentises sig. G3v Oh how I long, till we with speares in rests, Strike out the lightning from their high-plum'd crests.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 593 All other Beasts that saw, with like desire Longing and envying stood. View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dunton Art Living Incognito viii. 123 She..longs 'till she's convey'd by Angels into Abraham's Bosom.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 129 But what if any of the Ladies should long? Well, here take it, and the D——l do you good with it.
1794 Anthologia Hibernica Aug. 141/1 The poorest peasant..Longs till he strains his partner to his breast.
†7. intransitive. Scottish. To grow weary. Cf. to think long at think v.2 13b. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > be or become wearied or bored [verb (intransitive)]
forirka1325
irkc1330
tire?a1513
long1606
weary1798
switch1921
1606 W. Arthur & H. Charteris Rollock's Lect. 1st & 2nd Epist. Paul to Thessalonians (1 Thess.) xxiii. 297 Let vs not wearie in doing good, and he addes to the promise, we shall reape the frute of our good deeds in our owne tyme, if we long not, but goe forward ay to the end.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† longv.2

Forms:

α. Old English langian, early Middle English langie.

β. early Middle English longi, early Middle English longie.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: English gelangian.
Etymology: Aphetic < Old English gelangian to send for, to summon, to call, to apprehend, to seize, probably (i) < ge- y- prefix + a reflex of the Germanic base of the second element of along adj.1 (with an underlying sense ‘to bring into one's possession’; perhaps compare Old High German gilangōn and Middle Dutch gelangen , both in sense ‘to attain’), or perhaps (ii) < ge- y- prefix + a reflex of the Germanic base of long adj.1 (with an underlying sense ‘to bring from afar’; compare also long v.1 and the uncertainties over the origin of branch II. at that entry).
Obsolete.
transitive. To summon, send for; to bring, convey.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 226 Him com to Godes æncgel and cwæð þæt he sceolde þe him to langian [c1175 Cambr. Ii.1.33 gelangian, Bodl. 343 læden], and þine lare gehyran.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8874 Heo wenden hine to finden and longi hine to þan kinge.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15422 Brien sende sonde..and longien him to lette his maðmes leoue.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

longv.3

Brit. /lɒŋ/, U.S. /lɔŋ/, /lɑŋ/
Forms:

α. late Old English langian, Middle English lang (chiefly northern), Middle English loungy (south-eastern), Middle English–1500s longe, Middle English–1600s 1800s– long, late Middle English loyeing (present participle, transmission error), 1800s– 'long; Scottish pre-1700 lang, pre-1700 lange.

β. U.S. regional (southern, chiefly in African-American usage) 1800s– longst, 1800s– 'longst, 1900s– longsta (with to affixed).

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: long adj.2
Etymology: Apparently < long adj.2 (although this is first attested later); compare earlier along adj.1 Compare leng v.2 and earlier long v.2, which is probably ultimately from the same Germanic base (compare the prefixed verb forms cited at that entry). Compare earlier belong v.The authenticity of the source of quot. a1300 at sense 2 (a purported writ of Edward the Confessor) is doubtful; it probably does not imply earlier currency of the word. Now superseded by the prefixed belong v.; in recent use probably re-formed as a shortening of that word. The β. forms are used as both present and past tense forms; longst and 'longst probably originated by metanalysis (of longs to ) in the present tense (compare longsta), subsequently spreading to the past tense.
†1. intransitive. With to (formerly also †till, †unto). Of a person: to be a member or affiliate of a particular group or category; to be a follower or adherent of a person, a subject of a ruler, a member of a family, an inhabitant of a region, etc. Obsolete (rare and regional in later use).
ΚΠ
lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 98 Eallum þan mannum þe þe to langiað sculon eac sweltan on sarlicum deaðe [L. domus tua quantocyus diripiatur].
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 1310 Me þinkþ biþine crois liȝte Þat þu longest to vre driȝte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2808 Has þou her..ani man..to þe langand, or hei or lau.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 82 Unto þe Marche gan long an erle, Wolnot he hight.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 277 A swyneherde longynge to the kynge.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 51 For neuer I likit a leid that langit till his blude.
1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Mark iii C When they that longed vnto him herde of it thei went out to holde him.
1542 in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 8 With all the gentilmen and servyngmen that langit unto us.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Longing A zaid how a was a man 'longin to Milverton parish.
2. intransitive. With to (formerly also †into, †unto). To be the property or possession of; = belong v. 2a. rare after 17th cent. (regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > owning > belong [verb (intransitive)]
limp858
longlOE
belielOE
fallc1175
rine?c1225
belongc1330
pertaina1382
bec1384
appertain1416
cohere1634
lOE Rec. Dues, Taunton in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 236 Her swutelad on þisum gewrite hwylce gerihta langon into Tantune on þam timan þe Eadwerd cing wes cucu & dead.
a1300 (?OE) Writ of Edward the Confessor, Westminster (Sawyer 1149) in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici (1846) IV. 215 Icc ciðe eow ðat icc habbe gegifen..into Westminstre fulne fredom ofer alle ða land ðe longen [a1325 lagon] into ðare halagen stowe.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 11 Þe catel longynge to þe companye.
?a1450 Siege Calais (Galba) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 155 A hownd that did hyeghe go by..longid to the water-bayly.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4818 Þe maners þat to þe bischop langed.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ix. 140 All the londe that longeth to the crowne.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxiij Any hous or edefice or place of ground longyng to any of thesaied citezens.
a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) I. i. 235 Fulco had robbid Ruyton a Castel longging to Straunge.
1608 J. Day Law-trickes sig. H3v Vnto what great Prince Christian or Pagan longs this mansion.
?1628 J. Taylor Dog of War sig. B3 The Armour..That longed to Achilles.
1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. To Long, to belong.
1844 M. A. Richardson Local Historian's Table Bk. Legendary Div. II. 24 I have got houses, I have got lands, And half Northumberland 'longs to me.
1886 Harper's Mag. Jan. 312/2 I done got 'ligion an' longst to de chutch.
1899 B. W. Green Word-bk. Virginia Folk-speech 266 It longs to me.
1937 in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 218 De first 'oman I longsta was Mistress Martha Leonard.
†3. intransitive. With to (formerly also †till, †unto) or (rarely) infinitive. To be the business, concern, or duty of; to be obligatory; (also) to pertain as a right, to be due. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 650 Y nil ȝou telle her priuete Bot þat longeþ now to me.
a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 73 God to wham it longeth alone to haue mercy.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 309 (MED) He went..To do alle þo seruise þat longed þe office tille.
c1400 J. Wyclif On the Seven Deadly Sins (Bodl. 647) in Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 146 Hit longis to knyghtis to deffende hom.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1222 She durst neuer seyn ne do But that that hir longed to.
c1450 tr. Secreta Secret. (Royal) 5 How myght than eny hert of dedly man vndirstond that, þat longith not to be knowe.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 199 (MED) Þe iuridiccion þeroff longis vnto me.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 81 To chose to counceill þe wele and to chese of othirs witte counceill profitable longeth to him that ought to here euery man.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxx Their..fraunchises longyng or dewe to them in all maner of places.
†4. intransitive. With to (also for, unto). To be appropriate, suitable, or fitting (for); to be characteristic of; to refer or relate to. Also without construction. Obsolete (archaic and poetic in later use).In Middle English also with indirect object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > be suitable, appropriate, or suit [verb (intransitive)] > be fitting or proper
i-burec1000
shallc1000
belongOE
becomec1175
fallc1175
beliea1225
ferea1300
longc1350
beseemc1384
pertainc1384
it is worthy thata1398
accordc1400
foldc1400
affeir1415
fit1574
suit?1591
sort1595
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 26 And strengþe longeþ þe body, And blice þa saule vedeþ.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 237 In towne, as it longes, Þe osul twytereþ mery songes.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 23 His Astrelabye longynge for his Art.
?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 646 With obseruaunces longyng ffor a kyng.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. x. sig. Rjv It is a thinge wherof the knowlege longeth vnto him.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 140 All Ioye and gladnesse as longeth to a maiden for to have.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. hh.i Yf the thinge asked of almyghty god be longynge and not contrary to the soules helth.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxiiii It longeth not to clerkes to intermete of them.
1564 tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Fruitfull & Learned Comm. f. 211v That longeth to reason to seeke and search out.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. v. 194 But hereto longeth a tale.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Hh4v Such Mechanique as longeth to the production of the Naturs afore rehearsed. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iv. 7 With such austeritie as longeth to a father. View more context for this quotation
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. F7 But that full grasp of vast Eternitie Longs not to beings simply vegetive.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 240 He will give thee everything That 'longs unto the daughter of a king.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

longadv.1

Brit. /lɒŋ/, U.S. /lɔŋ/, /lɑŋ/
Forms:

α. Old English lacnge (transmission error), Old English lancge (rare), Old English langa (rare), Old English (Middle English early or northern and north midlands) lange, Old English (rare)–Middle English (early or northern) lang, early Middle English lage (transmission error), early Middle English lanȝe, early Middle English lannge ( Ormulum), late Middle English laing (northern); Scottish pre-1700 laing, pre-1700 lange, pre-1700 layng, pre-1700 1700s– lang; also Irish English 1800s lhaung (Wexford).

β. Old English loncge (rare), Old English longa (Northumbrian, rare), Old English (Northumbrian, rare) Middle English– long, Old English–1600s longe, early Middle English leonge, early Middle English longue, Middle English lenge (transmission error), Middle English longge, Middle English lung (north-west midlands), late Middle English lon (transmission error), late Middle English longel (transmission error), 1600s loung, 1600s lounge.

See also leng adv., lenger adj. and adv., lengest adj. and adv.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian longe , lange , long , lang , Middle Dutch lange , lanc (Dutch lang ), Old Saxon lango , lang (Middle Low German lange , lanc ), Old High German lango , lang (Middle High German lange , lanc , German lange , lang ) < the Germanic base of long adj.1 + a suffix forming adverbs. Compare (with a different suffix) Old Icelandic lengi , Old Swedish länge (Swedish länge ), Old Danish længi (Danish længe ). With sense 2b compare no more adv. and any more adv. With sense 6 compare French être long à (1477 in Middle French).Monosyllabic forms in the continental West Germanic languages apparently originally reflect an inherited use of a neuter adjective as adverb. However, especially in later use, forms of this type (both in English and in other West Germanic languages) may show new conversions from the adjective. In Old English the comparative and superlative regularly show i-mutation of the stem vowel (compare the discussion of gradation of long adj.1). Reflexes of these forms survive into Middle English: see the comparatives leng adv. and lenger adv., and the superlative lengest adj. A secondary comparative form longer (also langer) without mutation is found from at least the end of the 13th cent., and a parallel superlative longest (also langest) is first attested in the 14th cent.; these eventually superseded the older forms.
I. Senses relating to duration.
* General senses.
1.
a. For or during a long time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for a long time
longeOE
longOE
longlyOE
longsomelyOE
yorec1275
lastingly1372
longsa1450
for longa1530
in length1566
with the longest1636
stayingly1648
eternally1664
sometime1801
chronically1854
forever1861
somewhile1864
for the duration1916
long-term1947
secularly1971
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxiii. 491 Ða he ða longe and longe hearpode, ða cleopode se hellwara cyning [etc.].
OE Beowulf (2008) 2344 Sceolde..æþeling ærgod ende gebidan..ond se wyrm somod, þeah ðe hordwelan heolde lange.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 219 Forr whi þe preost swa lannge wass Þatt daȝȝ att godess allterr.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 25 Ȝet ic mei longe libben.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 466 He nis noþer ȝep ne wis, Þat longe abid þar him nod nis.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 205 (MED) A roted eppel amang þe holen makeþ rotie þe yzounde yef he is longe þer amang.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 169 Iesus quen he lang had fast Was fondid wit þe wik gast.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 5 Þai wald þat it schuld hafe lang lasted.
1495 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1495 §62. m. 34 Laborers..long sitting at ther brekfast, at ther dyner and nonemete.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcijv This matter..hangyng long in consultacion.
1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas Pref. 9 Tyrannes raygne not long.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. iii. sig. Bb2 Is this the timely ioy, Which I expected long . View more context for this quotation
c1605 Acct.-bk. W. Wray in Antiquary (1896) 32 178 1469. K. henry 6 proclamed kinge, but continued not longe.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 513 They long suspend the Fortune of the Field.
1721 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty vii Lang have they ply'd that trade.
1766 O. Goldsmith Ballad [the Hermit] in Vicar of Wakefield I. viii. 71 Man wants but little here below, Nor wants that little long.
1787 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 322 We have long been expecting a packet.
1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. 115 The principle, which had long been generally admitted in the Greek republics, that [etc.].
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. i. 1 Gerbert's disciple once, but long a monk Of Sant Evreult.
1895 F. Harrison in 19th Cent. Aug. 215 Many of his criticisms of modern scientific philosophy are precisely those which I have long urged.
1928 E. A. Powell Embattled Borders ii. 47 The trains, long the joke of Europe, now run on time.
1965 R. H. Conquest Horses in Kitchen 70 She never stayed anywhere long.
2012 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 22 Jan. (Styles section) 4/4 Men and women of all classes have long used clothing to project their idea of power and glamour.
b. In comparative and superlative, or preceded by adverbs of comparison (as how, so, thus, too, etc.): for or during the specified or implied length of time. Cf. Phrases 3a, long adj.1 7b.
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. xxvi. 352 Do þis..oðþæt ic eft æfter tide to ðe cyme & þe þonne fullicor æteawe,..hu lange [L. quamdiu] þu on hreowe awunian scyle.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1122 Þæt fir hi seagon in ðe dæirime, and læste swa lange þat hit wæs liht ofer eall.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 831 To longe we habbeð idriuen ure dusischipe.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1672 Luue wel michil it agte a-wold Swilc seruise, and so longe told.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 37 If þat a wounde haþ be to longe in þe eir open..þanne we musten clense þe wounde.
c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 623 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 168 Ay þe langare he sat sa, þe mare grew his sorow & va.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 332 So long rode geffray that he came to the Castel.
1568 E. Tilney Brief Disc. Mariage (new ed.) sig. Cviijv I have alreadie troubled them to long.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. viii. sig. T6v The guilt, which if he liued had thus long, His life for dew reuenge should deare abye.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. lxv. 304 A liquour..which kept them from rotting, and made them last the longer.
a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 171 Absalon..kept his wrath so long; until it burst out into blood.
a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 127 Thus long have they [sc. the Jews] been no Nation.
1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 29/2 How long did you live with Sielabut at Delhi?
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. ix. 730 One-third who have been longest in office retire annually.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 394 She stood so long that she forgot to weep.
1911 G. Stratton-Porter Harvester iii. 48 She waited just a trifle too long.
1984 M. Amis Money 194 I went on reading for so long that I became obsessed by how long I had gone on reading.
2004 High Mountain Mar. 29/4 Everything took longer than it should.
c. Modifying an adjective or adverb: by a long time; (before delayed, overdue, etc.) greatly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > by or to a great degree or extent
mickleseOE
mickleeOE
sevensitheOE
highOE
muchc1225
wellc1300
fara1400
goodlya1450
long?a1475
farlya1500
largea1522
muchly1621
very1641
heartily1727
lot1839
lot1855
big time1957
batshit1993
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 163 (MED) Þat it is so longe be-hynde, it is grett dyscomforte on to me.
1627 J. Carter Plaine Expos. Serm. in Mount 112 When the performance of Gods promise is long delayed, and nothing almost appeareth in the meane season,..then [etc.].
1754 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 69/1 The age of miracles is long over.
1819 G. H. Rose Let. 3 Aug. in S. Freitag & P. Wende Brit. Envoys Germany (2000) I. 107 They were long delayed for want of horses by coming on Prince William's line of road.
1897 Library Jrnl. July 349/1 Very often the main bulk of the work is long finished, and incomplete volumes are still awaiting the arrival of missing parts.
1918 Methodist Times 5 Dec. 9/1 The amendment of the Gambling Laws, particularly in relation to football coupons,..is long overdue.
1975 O. Sela Bengali Inheritance xvii. 147 That war was long over... A revenge killing after all this time was absurd.
1992 Rock & Gem Feb. 41/1 The importance of fire agate as a gem material was long overlooked.
2003 M. J. Smith & A. F. Wood Survivor Lessons Introd. 6 A little intellectual rough and tumble between such disparate perspectives is long overdue.
2.
a. At, from, or to a distant point in time. Followed by adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions indicating temporal sequence, as after, before, (archaic) ere, since (formerly also †or, etc.). Cf. senses 5a, 5c.long ago: see ago adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > at a distance in time > from or to a distant time
longOE
OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 15 July (2013) 138 Ond þa onsende ðæt tild [read cild] his gast to heofonum.., ond his modor onsende hire gast noht longe æfter þon.
OE Genesis A (1931) 1225 Sunu æfter heold, Lamech leodgeard, lange siððan woruld bryttade.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 584 Longe þer efter þu leddest þurh moyses, þet tu se muchel luuedest.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 905 Ðis prest..or or ðe flod was long bi-forn Of noe bi-geten..And fro so longe ðor-bi-foren Liuede til ysaac was boren.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15938 Him..i sagh lang ar wit him in rute.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5259 (MED) Sun i wend, lang siþen gan, þat wild beistes had þe slain.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1145 (MED) Þare he lies with his ledis lang or he foundes.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. iii–v. sig. aiijv Alle the estates were longe or day in the chirche for to praye.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iii. l. 598 Scotlande was dissawarray left, And wast nere hande lange eftyr that eft.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. vii. 5 The kyng sawe his suster, whom he had nat sene long before.
?1531 W. Tyndale in tr. Prophet Ionas sig. B.iijv Wicleffe preached repentaunce vn to oure fathers not longe sens.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 38/1 One Mystlebrooke longe ere mornynge came in greate haste.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxvjv And so not longe after they burned Luthers workes.
a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 110 The long-since dead from bursted Graves arise.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iv. §1 If there were persons existent in the World long before Adam was.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. vii. 70 The Freighter, who was a Mahometan, delayed paying the Freight long after it was due by the Tenor of the Charter-party.
a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) I. 9 Wanting the basis of reason, the whole fabric has long since fallen to the ground.
1832 R. Southey Ess. I. 331 They ought, long ere this, to have been prevented.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 85 A prison..the ruins of which long after remained on the left bank of the Seine.
1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth II. xiii. 261 He and I were born the same year, but he cut his teeth long before me.
1889 A. C. Swinburne Stud. Prose & Poetry (1894) 269 Such is life—as Mrs. Harris long since observed.
1942 ‘M. Fitt’ Requiem for Robert (1948) ii. 41 The great iron gates have long since gone.
1997 J. Coe House of Sleep (1998) iii. 38 This was during the early months of their relationship, long before they grew apart.
2012 A. Moore Lighthouse xi. 125 Not long after the sleepover, he ran into Kenny unexpectedly.
b. In comparative, chiefly with adverbs or adverbial phrases indicating degree, as any, no, much, a little, etc.: after the specified or implied point in time.Quot. OE shows the comparative leng adv.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 278 Þa cwæð eall seo meniu þe ðær mid stod ofwundrod, þæt se cwellere ne sceolde swencan hi na leng.
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 10 Floris nimeþ nu his leue; No longer nolde he bileue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1300 To liue moght he na langar drei.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) xi Up I ras, no langer wald I lye.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 157 I can no longer hold me patient. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Cowper Three Heauenly Treat. Romanes ii. 278 They may liue a short while longer vpon earth.
1677 Poor Robin's Visions 57 The Devil considering, that if any longer he detain'd him there, he should be a looser for want of his service on Earth.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 16. ⁋8 I was resolved to stay at home no longer, and therefore rose early and went to the coffee-house.
1791 E. Inchbald Simple Story IV. vii. 106 Know, Mr. Sandford, I will not suffer this much longer.
1834 D. Crockett Narr. Life v. 61 They wanted me to stay longer.
1874 Baily's Mag. Apr. 85 Hold on a bit longer, that's a good fellow.
1912 J. Joyce Let. 23 Aug. (1966) II. 311 Tomorrow I must pawn my watch and chain in order to remain on a little longer.
1959 Billboard 10 Aug. 86/5 The restaurant proprietor could stand this for half an hour; but no longer.
1975 B. Donoughue Diary 25 June in Downing St. Diary (2005) xvii. 431 It is clear that this Prime Minister should not go on much longer.
2011 T. Wakefield Knuckler ix. 155 The 2003 Red Sox had too much at stake for the experiment to continue any longer.
3. Following a noun phrase expressing duration: throughout the length of (the period specified or implied), as all day long, all night long, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > throughout the whole of a period
longc1275
straight1446
all alongc1450
anytime?1589
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13330 Al þene dæi longe heo heolden þat feht stronge.
c1300 St. Mary of Egypt (Laud) 122 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 264 Heore ȝat was swiþe faste i-mad: þoruȝ al þe ȝere longue.
c1330 St. Mary Magdalene (Auch.) l. 76 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 164 Martha hadde an iuel strong Þat hir hadde holden seuen ȝer long.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 533 Wy stonde ȝe ydel þise dayez longe?
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Nv All the nyght longe shall he his sydys grate.
1564 R. Fills tr. M. Luther Treat. Medit. Trew & Perfect Consol. iv. sig. D.v Married folks, which seemed to serue God all their liues longe.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7v The Sunne that measures heauen all day long.
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 478 Without any change or alteration all the Sabbath long.
1659 H. L'Estrange Alliance Divine Offices 154 All Lent long..the very faithful themselves were cast upon their knees.
1720 T. Gordon Humourist I. 158 In Scotland..a Man must be all Sunday long tied either to the Kirk or his Chamber.
1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. xxix. 107 Blaming Fortune so often as I have done, for pelting me all my life long..with so many small evils.
1798 W. Wordsworth Idiot Boy in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 179 Now Johnny all night long had heard The owls in tuneful concert strive.
1825 C. Thirlwall tr. F. Schleiermacher Crit. Ess. Luke 36 Accustomed to pass their nights the whole summer long in the open air.
1849 A. Helps Friends in Council ii. iv. 92 You are out all day long with the sheep.
1875 R. Browning Aristophanes' Apol. 65 While..the lesson long, No learner ever dared to cross his legs.
1957 Chicago Tribune 30 May (Neighborhood News North section) 8/1 (advt.) You'll win meal flattery from hubby all dinner long.
1973 B. Head Question of Power (1974) 36 The whole night long she lay awake, listening to the confusion of sound.
2006 Vanity Fair Sept. 210/1 My parents listened to music all day long.
4. Modifying an agent noun: that performs the action of the verb for a long time, as long liver, long stayer, etc.Also in comparative and superlative (sometimes spec. in legal contexts in longer liver, longest liver, denoting a person who has outlived one or more others).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > continuance or tenacity of life > [noun] > survivor > in legal terms
survivor1503
longer liver1522
longest liver1662
the world > people > person > old person > [noun] > long liver
Methuselah1622
long liver1781
macrobiote1882
1522 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 238 The sayd Elizabethe nowe hys wyffe, yf she be longer lyuer.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 317/2 Longe taryer.
?1602 Narcissus (MS Bodl. Rawl. poet. 212) (1893) 241 Why am I longer liver?
1662 Bp. E. Hopkins Funeral Serm. (1685) 13 The longest liver hath no more but that he is longer a dying than others.
1753 Scots Mag. May 252/2 That survivancy of all the said offices be in the longest liver of the two.
1781 F. Burney Jrnl. Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (2003) IV. 428 He is strong built,..I dare say he will be a very long liver.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 311 For and during the term of their natural lives, and the life of the longer liver of them.
1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. v. 94 The qualities which make him likely to be a long-liver.
1933 R. G. Hill Fruit & Veg. Buying Guide U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 167 59 They [sc. Honeydew melons] are long keepers and may well be bought before they are fully ripe.
1976 C. I. A. Ritchie Frontier Parish ii. 41 All these troubles, for newcomers as well as for long stayers, were aggravated by the absence of a bishop.
1986 M. Salmon Women & Law of Prop. in Early Amer. vi. 134 As the longest liver, Moses Gill was entitled to hold the land until his death.
2011 J. Matthewson Rise of Global Nomad v. 76 For longer stayers the capital is seen as a little superficial.
** In constructions corresponding to adverbial use of the noun phrase a long time (cf. long adj.1 and n.1 Phrases 2a(c)).The part of speech in these senses is sometimes ambiguous. Some quots. might be analysed as showing long adj.1 (e.g. quots. a1425, 1814 at sense 6a), and in sense 7 long is used where the corresponding noun phrase a long time would function as a direct object to the verb, rather than as an adverbial complement. These instances are perhaps best understood as extensions of the core adverbial sense into constructions where the part of speech is underspecified.
5. As complement of the verb to be with non-referential it as subject (in Old English also impersonal), expressing the notion of the passage of a long period of time; e.g. it is long: ‘much time has passed’. Cf. be v. 7.
a. With adverb or prepositional phrase indicating temporal sequence (as before, since, after, etc.) and following that-clause.
ΚΠ
OE Soul & Body I 5 Lang bið syððan þæt se gast nimeð æt gode sylfum swa wite swa wuldor.
lOE Revival of Monasticism in D. Whitelock et al. Councils & Synods (1981) I. 146 Nęs lang to þy þæt his broþor þyses lænan lifes timan geendode.
lOE St. Giles (Corpus Cambr. 303) (1980) 97 Ða næs hit lang æfter þam þæt his fæder and his moder forðferdon of þisum life.
c1300 St. Vincent (Laud) l. 115 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 188 It was longe þare-afturward þis men comen þerbi-side, And wende þat he were ded.
a1350 Life St. Alexius (Laud) l. 44 in F. J. Furnivall Adam Davy's 5 Dreams (1878) 25 Þer-after was it nat lange: Alex coude speke & gange.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 15 (MED) It is not longe sithen þat a knyght..seyde þat he wolde kyssen hire.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 127 It was not long after but that she wente to the bedde of Iason.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxix. f. lxxiiiv/1 It was longe after that Gyllomarus his sone put his father frome the Rule therof.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1017/2 Howbeit it was not long before, that certeine gentlemen and yeomen of good countenance and credit both in Deuon and Cornewall were contented..to be associats of this rebellion.
1656 W. Dugdale Antiq. Warwickshire 168/1 It was not long afterwards, that Prince Henry..made overture by special Agents to the said Sir Robert.
1674 J. Evelyn Navigation & Commerce 53 It was long since that they had intercourse with those of Madagascar.
1729 J. Ogilvie tr. P. Giannone Civil Hist. Kingdom Naples I. x. ii. 453 It was long after that the Principality became extinct.
1788 New Ann. Reg. 1787 Brit. & Foreign Hist. 41/1 It was not long since, that he had had reason to hope for the most favourable effects from those proceedings.
1821 Ladies' Lit. Cabinet 17 Feb. 114/1 It was not long after that Pleyel himself entered.
1859 Punch 8 Jan. 19/1 It is long since that the air of ‘There's a good time coming, only wait a little longer’, has been chaunted.
1907 H. M. Sylvester Sokoki Trail 222 It was not long after that Sarah Winter became the head of the Richmond Island parish.
1955 A. Abrahamson Electronic Motion Pictures iv. 49 It was not long after, that soundproofed cameras encased in ‘blimps’ were able to operate near the microphone.
2013 N. Housely Crusading & Ottoman Threat, 1453–1505 ii. 48 It was not long since that Matthias had opened the door to Turks en route to attack the subjects of Maximilian's father.
†b. With adverb expressing a temporal limit, as first (see first adv. 3a), †to (see to adv. 3). Chiefly in negative contexts. Obsolete.In quot. 1616 with ellipsis of it and verb.
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16286 Wass þær lannge to Ær þann itt wass all forþedd.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8798 Hit wes longe uirst ær he mihte fusen a-riht.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 33 It shal not be longe to, but that ye shal be hyely maryed.
a1533 King Henry VIII Love-lett. to A. Boleyn (1714) 16 Till you repaire hydder, I keep something in Store, trusting it shall not be long to.
1606 W. Arthur & H. Charteris Rollock's Lect. 1st & 2nd Epist. Paul to Thessalonians (1 Thess.) iii. 34 Byde a little while, it is not long to.
1616 T. Matthew Let. in R. Parr Life J. Usher (1686) Coll. xvii. 36 God now at last, though long first, sending so good opportunity.
1698 N. Noyes New-Englands Duty 68 It seemeth as if it would not be long first.
1710 W. Oldisworth Dial. Timothy & Philatheus II. viii. 126 Right takes place at last tho' it be long first.
1740 tr. C. de F. de Mouhy Fortunate Country Maid I. 45 It will not be long first.
1835 Niles' Weekly Reg. 12 Sept. 17/2 When this takes place, (and it will not be long first), Pittsburgh and Wheeling will be one day from Baltimore.
1883 Home Words 13 126/2 Oh, I dare say it won't be long first, Mr. Meads. You must have a bit of patience.
1908 P. Gibbs Romance George Villiers vii. 177 I am afraid it is a sign, if he get her it will be long first.
c. With conjunction indicating temporal sequence (as before, since, till, etc.) and following clause.
ΚΠ
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 4 It es lang sen it fell oute of þe hand.
a1450 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1931) 159 89 (MED) He þat makes to myche of lytell, It sal be long or he hafe mykell.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. 274/2 How long would it be..ere the waye were founden to set the worlde in order and peace againe.
1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War iv. xvii. fol. cxxiiiv It was not longe, tyll that Brasidas and Perdiccas caused their footemen to discende frome the hille.
1589 J. Thorie tr. B. Filippe Counseller 45 It is long since we lost the right names and titles of things.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 223 As it was long before he could be perswaded to take a Prebend of Lincolne.
1671 Lady M. Bertie Let. in Hist. MSS Comm.: 12th Rep. App. Pt. V: MSS Duke of Rutland (1889) 22 in Parl. Papers (C. 5889–II) XLIV. 393 I hope now it will not bee long before I see you at Exton.
1715 P. Abercromby Martial Atchievem. Scots Nation II. 161 It was long since the Bishop had granted it.
1777 E. Pendleton Let. 30 Aug. in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 221 I hope it will not be long before we hear the Knight errant is stolen off, or our Victory over him made compleat.
1834 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 220 It will not, we trust, be long until we recollect with equal wonder the abomination of solicited trustees.
1881 Cent. Mag. Dec. 246/2 It was long since there had been anything on the shelves behind the counter more cheerful than corn-balls and fancy crackers.
1908 Harper's Monthly Mag. Jan. 297/2 When Agnes was a girl it was long that I had no friendly look from you.
1947 N.Y. Times 6 Dec. 19/8 I hope it won't be much longer till he quits.
2001 G. C. McGavin Essent. Entomol. 229 It was not long before the mosquitoes developed resistance to insecticides.
d. Following before (formerly also †ere, †or), forming adverbial phrases with the sense ‘before much time has elapsed, soon’. Cf. before long at Phrases 1a, erelong adv. Now rare.Often with subjunctive verb.
ΚΠ
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 55 Or hit be longe to, he shall do me omage on bothe his knees.
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance Pref. sig. av There shalbe or it be longe, a more ample remembrance.
a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. C6 And tell him ere it be long, Ile visite him.
1616 W. Jackson Celestiall Husbandrie 31 I hope authoritie will take an order to cut them downe before it be long.
1663 T. Manley Sollicitor (ed. 2) i. 3 Who seeth not but that the Undertaker shall be constrained..to sink and fall under it, ere it be long?
1721 C. Cibber Refusal iv. 65 I believe it will be no hard matter to bite most of your soft Heads off before it be long.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 88 Before its long, perhaps I may shew Matt, that I was not born to be the household drudge to my dying day.
1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxxiv. 365 She'll bring him round to her way of thinking, before it's long.
1936 Sun (Baltimore) 8 Apr. 10/5 Something seems to whisper They will bite before it's long.
6. As complement of the verb to be, expressing the notion of protracted occupation in some task, or of absence or delay (esp. when caused by such occupation); e.g. I won't be long: ‘my absence will not be a long one’, ‘I will return soon’. Often in negative contexts.
a. Without construction; also occasionally (in earlier use) with adverb expressing a temporal limit, as †first, †to (see sense 5b).Formerly occasionally with ellipsis of to be; cf. quots. a1425, 1814.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15259 Þe king sende his sonde after Brien þa wes to longe.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1368 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 145 Sumdel þe pope was anuyd þat he hadde i-beo so longe [rhyme onder-fonge].
a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain l. 840 Lunet þare stode in þe thrang, Until Sir Ywaine thoght hir lang.
1479 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 615 Let myn oncle..kepe the patent..tyll he haue hys mone, and that shall not be longe to.
1540 T. Elyot Def. Good Women sig. Bv Candidus wyll not be longe, his noble nature wyl not let him breke promyse.
1579 R. Day in tr. J. Foxe Christ Iesus Triumphant Ep. Ded. sig. A.ii Till that time come, whiche I trust shall not be long.
1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares i. sig. C3v Goe, Ile not be long.
1796 E. Parsons Myst. Warning IV. 242 You shall..remain..till I have discovered the whole of your vile plot, which will not be long first.
1814 Last Act ii. i, in J. Galt New Brit. Theatre II. 381 Is not our old gentleman rather beyond his time? in truth, I think him long.
1894 Harper's Mag. Sept. 590/1 Don't be long, or I shall have to send some one after you.
1909 Smart Set Aug. 125/1 Ivan, dearest, why were you so long?
1965 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 6 Dec. 43/4 (caption) I hope you won't be too long. I have an important appointment.
2008 D. Gilb Flowers 120 I have to go out,..but I won't be very long.
b. With in (also †a, †of, †on) and verbal noun or gerund (e.g. he was not long in coming). Also in later use with simple participle (colloquial) (e.g. he wasn't long getting here). Also with about followed by noun, gerund, or it (e.g. he was not long about getting ready, he wasn't long about it).
ΚΠ
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 158, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) It is good þat a man be wele warre þat he loue not to take on honde to hele sores þat wille ben longe on helinge.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 312 Longe, yn taryynge, or mevynge, morosus.
1539 Bible (Great) Matt. xxiv. 48 My lord will be long a commyng.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 268 Whiche thyng forasmuch as it was veray slacke and longe in dooyng..he assaied to passe ouer the sea of Adria.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. vi. 31 That the Empire which was so long a getting..might not come to wracke.
1637 Earl of Monmouth tr. V. Malvezzi Romulus & Tarquin 294 The witchcraft of Rhetorique being ended, which is not long a doing.
1685 tr. B. Gracián y Morales Courtiers Oracle 56 The famous Michael Angelo, who was very long about his Works.
1786 T. Jefferson Let. 13 Aug. in Papers (1954) X. 243 This may be ready within a few days, but the probability is that I shall be long getting an opportunity of sending it to you.
1799 A. Seward Lett. (1811) V. 257 The real author cannot be long of being déterré.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. viii. 203 They were not long of discovering the tete-du-pont.
1880 J. A. Froude Bunyan 53 His remarkable ability was not long in showing itself.
1897 Cent. Mag. Apr. 861/2 He was long about getting ready.
1908 H. Bindloss Thrice Armed xix. 227 The wind may change, and they wouldn't be long getting here with sheets slacked away.
1965 Boys' Life Oct. 56/3 The reason they were so long in arriving to rescue them was soon clear to Buzzie.
1999 J. D. Pendry Three Meter Zone v. 109 A real three-meter soldier will make another ‘mistake’ and won't be very long about it.
2008 M. Davis Land of Plenty iii. 75 Most of the nation stopped to bear witness to an event that had been too long coming.
†c. With before (also †ere, †or) and following clause. Cf. sense 5c. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 108 He that is longe or he be angrede, it is harder to kele theym than him þat is lightly to angre.
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Num. xiv. f. xxviij The Lorde is longe yer he be angrye, and full of mercy.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxxvjv Sent to mete..the Emperour, but they were longe or they myght be suffered to come to his speche.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. iii. 8 Ile not be long before I call vpon thee. View more context for this quotation
1674 C. Cotton Fair One of Tunis 105 His jealousy soon discover'd it self, and he was not long before he gave me infallible testimonies of it.
1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. iv. 27 He was long before he could be reconciled to himself.
1780 H. Walpole Lett. (1902) 26 It is from Glasgow, whence I am still longer before I believe.
1803 tr. F. de B. d'Arnaud Lorimon II. 57 The wound was long before it was healed.
1882 Sunday at Home 19 Aug. 516/1 You will be long before you receive an answer.
1926 Manch. Guardian 13 Nov. 8/4 Let us hope they will not be long before they tackle the Beethoven sonatas in full.
7. As complement to verbs which take the noun phrase a long time as direct object. Chiefly in to need long, to spend long, to take long.Quot. ?a1425 appears to be an isolated early example of this construction.In the 16th and 17th centuries, a parallel construction with the noun phrase long time, as to need (also spend, take) long time, is often found; cf. long adj.1 and n.1 Phrases 2a(a).
ΚΠ
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 140v, in Middle Eng. Dict. (at cited word) Þe member..nedeþ longe or it be souded.
1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 79 We should quickly find, that the largest Stock of Humane friendship would be too little for us to spend long upon.
1763 W. Gordon Universal Accountant I. i. x. 78 How long will it take to be full in this case?
1783 tr. Comtesse de Genlis Adelaide & Theodore III. lxix. 277 My son..hastened us to our toilets. Mine did not take long.
1834 Monthly Repository Dec. 882 It don't need long to guess who drowns.
1839 Universalist Union 6 July 550/1 It does not require long to put such threats in execution.
1881 Sunshine Jan. 20/1 I would rather learn from you. Will it take very long?
1901 ‘A. Hope’ Tristram of Blent xxv. 336 He had been wondering how long they would take to think of the lady who now held the title and estates.
1937 Boston Sunday Globe 24 Jan. 52/4 Miss Churchill didn't need very long to answer this.
1970 Christian Sci. Monitor 12 Aug. 9/1 She didn't spend long on the streets ‘hustling’ for a place to sleep.
1981 P. Streeten et al. First Things First vii. 146 Waiting for incomes to rise until hunger and malnutrition are eradicated would take too long.
2005 M. O'Connor Bitch Posse v. 68 How much longer will this take? When can I see her?
II. Senses relating to distance.
8.
†a. At or to a great distance or a specified distance in space; far. Obsolete (archaic and rare in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [adverb] > at or to a distance
ferrenc888
farc900
longOE
afarc1300
yond13..
on length1340
alonga1382
adreigha1393
on dreicha1400
afar offc1400
far-aboutc1450
alengtha1500
distantlya1500
remote1589
remotely1609
yferrea1643
out of his (her, its, etc.) way1650
adistance1807
away1818
way1833
way1833
way off1836
way out1840
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adverb] > to a considerable length
longOE
longly1662
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 385 Longiusculę : lange, longe, lange uel feor.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15877 Þa þat [famine] wes idriuuen longe ȝeond þas leoden. þa com þer an-oðer sorȝe.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2485 So longe he hauen ðeðen numen To flum iurdon ðat he ben cumen.
c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 502 Two wyues sat ȝonder, langare.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. ii. sig. ajv Ryde on your wey, for I wille not be long behynde.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin x. 155 Thei smyten..so vigorously that oon myght here the crassinge of speres half a myle longe.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ix. 7 She..rode to warde Heynaulte, and so long she rode that she came to Cambresys.
a1535 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 782/2 The church through oute all the worlde scattered farre and long.
1542 N. Vyllagon Lamentable & Piteous Treat. in Harleian Misc. (1808) I. 236 His..gallyes..were harboured fyue legges longe frome the sayde towne of Argiere.
1639 T. Walkley tr. J. de Luna Pursuit Hist. Lazarillo xii, in D. Rowland tr. H. de Mendoza Pleasant Hist. Lazarillo (new ed.) sig. T4 All the way long did I nothing but thinke upon my good Gipseys.
1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. x. 34/2 Let her not be too long, but call her to your Fist.
1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xii. 223 As the fisher sits on the headland with a rod that reaches long.
b. Sport (originally Golf). With reference to a ball that has been hit, thrown, kicked, etc.: to or for a considerable distance (across or along a course, pitch, court, etc.). Also: beyond the point aimed at; too far. Cf. short adv. 7a.Quot. 1839 appears to be an isolated early use.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [adverb]
defensively1777
foul1833
long1839
scratchily1927
unplayably1955
1839 in R. Clark Golf (1875) 100 Come all you Golfers stout and strong Who putt so sure and drive so long.
1969 J. Nicklaus Greatest Game of All xvii. 267 Compared to most golfers, I hit the ball quite long.
1977 C. McCarthy Pleasures of Game 73 One opponent hit short and into the trap, the other hit long.
1986 Rebound No. 1. 66/3 We had players who could shoot long but they were never given a chance to show this because the ball never came back out.
1990 Guardian 28 May 13/2 He still gets a twinge when he goes to kick the ball long.
2000 S. Williams & R. Petersen Serious Tennis xi. 200 You went after the high sitter in the middle of the court and just hit it long.
9. With a long step. Somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > [adverb] > with long step
stridingly1548
large1642
long1705
1705 London Gaz. No. 4116/4 Paces and gallops well, trots a little long.
1893 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 7 Sept. 1/7 Rich Greenwood.., 6 feet 2 inches high, weight 190 pounds; walks long and stands erect.
1929 Boston Sunday Globe 10 Mar. (Editorial & News Features section) 3/8 I saw a man striding long, turn out of a side street, just ahead of me.
2001 M. Wynne No Other Option 53 Jonny set off down the fire trail,..stepping long and quiet on the packed dirt.

Phrases

P1. Prepositional phrases.
a. before long: before a long time has elapsed, soon. Also (in later use) modified by adverbs of degree, as much, too, very, etc. (sometimes with long in comparative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > [adverb] > soon or quickly
soonc825
cofeOE
erec1175
rada1325
soonlyc1475
hastilyc1550
hastyc1550
erelong1577
before long1585
bumbye1727
1585 R. P. tr. D. Ortúñez de Calahorra Second Pt. First Bk. Myrrour of Knighthood f. 201 The Emperor..dailie did comfort the Princesse, saying that before long [Sp. muy presto] her brother Meridian would come thether.
1610 E. Bolton Elements of Armories 71 You shal know before long.
1680 P. Rycaut Hist. Turkish Empire 63 Before long they designed some Action on the Turkish Territories.
1700 tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras French Spy vi. 222 I did not question, but to be able to give them before long a more compleat account.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. iv. i. 18 She..doubted not compleating, before long, the subjection of her unfortunate tenderness.
1829 Niles' Weekly Reg. 28 Nov. 224/2 Before very long we may hear of railways by the sides of our turnpike roads.
1871 A. Trollope Ralph the Heir xlii. 426 ‘Bye, bye,’ said Neefit, ‘I'll be here again before long’.
1892 Bookman Oct. 28/2 We expect from him before long a better novel than he has yet given us.
1941 Life 15 Sept. 110/1 (advt.) Now that counsel for the defense has discovered vitamins and Kellogg's Pep, before long things are going to be different around here.
2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 19 May ii. 11/3 Before much longer.., he was in a play himself.
2009 R. Dasgupta Solo 33 It has happened in Russia, it will come soon to Germany, and before long we will have no nations, only international socialism.
b. ere long: see erelong adv.
c. for long.
(a) Throughout a long period. Now chiefly in negative contexts. Also occasionally †for long and long, for long together. Also (chiefly with reference to a period extending into the future) modified by adverbs of degree, as much, very, etc. (sometimes with long in comparative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for a long time
longeOE
longOE
longlyOE
longsomelyOE
yorec1275
lastingly1372
longsa1450
for longa1530
in length1566
with the longest1636
stayingly1648
eternally1664
sometime1801
chronically1854
forever1861
somewhile1864
for the duration1916
long-term1947
secularly1971
a1530 T. Lupset Exhort. to Yonge Men (1535) Ded. f. 2v For longe I haue ben taught, that the mayster neuer hurtethe his scholer more, than whan he vttereth & shewethe..the loue that he bearethe to his scholers.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. lvj For long we haue sought the furious bore, and now we haue found him.
1626 T. Aylesbury Passion Serm. 15 The Iewes for long were..the fauourites of heauen.
1732 B. Lynde Diary 29 Dec. in B. Lynde & B. Lynde Diaries (1880) 35 Expecting the governor would adjourn for long the Gen'l. Court.
1784 H. Downman Editha ii. ii. 22 For long we've thought thee dead.
1787 I. Yonge Comm. Holy Bible 112 The preparing the children of Israel for the coming of the Messiah, is the great point he has in view, and he seldom loses sight of it for long together.
1839 in Spirit Metrop. Conservative Press (1840) II. 535 No man..kept himself for long and long, at a fearful..speed, as did Lord Brougham.
1856 F. E. Paget Owlet of Owlstone Edge 148 Her back aches..frightfully if she sits up for long together.
1874 Ld. Houghton Let. 7 Sept. in T. W. Reid Life Ld. Houghton (1890) II. xviii. 300 Ripon's conversion is one of the oddest news I have heard for long.
1895 Mrs. H. Ward Bessie Costrell v. 121 The children..had been restless for long.
1919 J. Buchan Mr. Standfast (1928) ii. 38 I found it impossible to be angry with them for long, they were so babyishly innocent.
a1958 H. N. Brailsford Levellers & Eng. Revol. (1961) xiv. 303 An incalculable force, on whom no one could reckon with confidence for long together.
2005 Independent 16 Nov. 16/3 Thomas wouldn't comment yesterday, although friends tell me he won't be silenced for long.
(b) As complement to uses of the verb to be with non-referential it as subject: likely to continue for a long time. Also modified by adverbs of degree, as much, very, etc. (sometimes with long in comparative). Chiefly in negative contexts. Cf. sense 5.
ΚΠ
1802 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress IV. viii. 192 ‘Well, Lord, it may'nt be for long,’ replied Dolly.
1862 ‘H. Glyn’ Cotton Lord I. xii. 130 But it won't be for much longer now; we are going to get married and reform.
1920 Business Jan. 33/2 The town has grown so fast there is a scarcity of hotel accommodations; but this won't be for long.
1977 B. Way Magical Faces 22 It isn't for long, now. He hasn't got long.
2010 L. Kate Torment i. 37 It's not for long. As soon as things are safer, I'll come for you.
P2. Modified by demonstrative adverbs.
a. that long: that length of time, as long as that; (in negative contexts) much time.
ΚΠ
1844 Western Midnight Cry (Cincinnati) 16 Mar. 11/1 Some persons think it will take three hours for a soul to get into heaven..; but for his part he thought it would hardly take that long.
1898 Engin. Mag. 16 67 It will take at least ten times that long to get a train ready for a return trip.
1907 System Aug. 165/2 ‘How soon could you go?’ ‘Tomorrow night, sir. I would need that long to pick up information, get samples, prices and all that.’
1917 Amer. Machinist 15 Feb. 269/2 The production study..should continue throughout the day, or possibly for several days, provided the job lasts that long.
1958 Newsday (N.Y.) 13 Nov. 7/2 I didn't want to spend that long in school.
2001 T. Zahn Angelmass (2002) iv. 40 The catapult simply wasn't designed for anything that big, and..it took them that long to recalibrate.
b. this long.
†(a) For this long period of time. Cf. this long time (also while) at long adj.1 and n.1 Phrases 2c. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 262 Der sone, this lang quhar has thow beyne?
1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede Hist. Church Eng. i. xxv. 31v Forsakyng that auncient religion whiche this longe both I and my people haue obserued.
1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada ii. 102 Otherwise he had never..this long have deferr'd its discovery.
(b) This length of time; as long as this.
ΚΠ
1891 Los Angeles Times 2 July 2/4 That water has been running over the banks ever since. Owing to the sand and evaporation it has taken this long to reach Salton.
1913 G. F. Gundelfinger Ice Lens iii. 159 I only regret that our friendship has lasted this long.
1921 Petroleum Mag. Mar. 140/1 Steady running even for 10 minutes is not to be considered. It would take this long before the engine became warmed up.
1983 H. E. Kyburg Epistemol. & Inference viii. 137 I have spent this long on background material because there is a really amazing web of interlocking relationships.
2003 D. Gerber tr. K. Kreling Horses' Teeth (2004) vi. 118/1 The inflamed mucous membranes of the tongue and the cheeks need this long to heal.
P3. Idiomatic phrases.
a. so (or as) long as. Also elliptically long as (now colloquial). [Compare Dutch als lange als, so lange als, Old Saxon sō lango sō, Old High German sō lango sō, alsō lango sō.]
(a) During the whole time that. Cf. sense 1b.Frequently with a conditional implication (passing into the sense at Phrases 3a(b)).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for the whole time or duration
so long asa1387
right1568
howa1639
while-ever1777
OE Blickling Homilies 169 Swa lange swa ge ðis dydon ðara anum ðe on me gelyfdon,..þæt wæs swa swa ge hit me sylfum dydon.]
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 21 (MED) Þat lond is wel at ese, As long as [L. cum] men lyueþ at ese.
1433 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §18. m. 15 Whiles and as longe as hit is or shall bee soo.
1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 235 (MED) As was appointed unto me..a certaine somme for to receive by þe quarter, and so forth after þe afferant, as long as I stood in his service.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. OOOiiii The exercise..is called a meditacion, as long as it is with any inquisicion, serche, or difficulty of the mynde.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 27 Als lang as I leue on this eird.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. ix. 15 Can the children of the bride-chamber mourne, as long as the bridegrome is with them?
1684 Observator in Dialogue 23 Apr. We are Safe, so long as we are in Good hands.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. xx. 129 The World..always will be the same, as long as Men are Men.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 As long as there is one man living, who thinks you worthy of his confidence.
1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 22 Long as there's a sun that sets Primroses will have their glory.
1825 C. Thirlwall Lett. (1881) 85 To cling to your profession as long as you can.
1904 Daily Chron. 29 Dec. 4/6 I hope that, as long as there are German corps-students, the spirit which is fostered in their corps..will be preserved.
?1953 A. L. Rowse Diary 23 Oct. (2003) 160 Always a public humiliation so long as I can remember.
2008 St. Petersburg (Russia) Times 20 May 10/4 The arguments over why Russia repeatedly runs into roadblocks in its path toward democracy will continue as long as the country exists.
(b) Provided that, if only.
ΚΠ
1855 ‘G. Eliot’ in Fraser's Mag. June 699/1 ‘What's the odds, so long as one can sleep?’ is your formule de la vie.
1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. xvi. 445/3 B bets A that a horse has a right to break fifty times in a heat, as long as he does not gain.
1887 ‘L. Carroll’ Game of Logic Pref. Is there any great harm in that, so long as you get plenty of amusement?
1938 G. Greene Brighton Rock i. i. 22 ‘It's all right,’ he said, ‘long as you are here.’
1955 ‘A. Aldrich’ We walk Alone xv. 135 Her mother did not care what she did or what she was, so long as it did not affect her own reputation.
1991 Photo Answers Aug. 81/1 As long as your camera has a screw-in cable-release socket, then many camera stores will be able to sell you a mechanical self-timer.
2011 Guardian 17 Feb. 17 As long as you get the measurements right, I guarantee the recipe below will work perfectly.
b. colloquial. I (also you, etc.) may (do something) long enough and variants: expressing the idea that the stated action will achieve nothing. Usually with following clause introduced by before, †ere. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair [verb (intransitive)] > act without hope of result
I (also you, etc.) may (do something) long enough1530
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 616/2 I may do a thing longe ynough, which sayeng we use whan we signyfye our labour to be in vayne... Thou maye krye longe ynough: tu as beau braire.
1580 T. Lupton Siuqila (new ed.) 114 The poore man may go vp and downe long ynoughe, ere the Attorneys or Lawyers will flocke aboute him.
1633 H. Hawkins Partheneia Sacra ii. 17 If anie haue a wil to seeke Diamonds among flowers, he may seeke long enough ere he find them.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 318 If I should ask him what the Attic Dialect was in Homer's time, I might stay long enough before he could tell me.
1738 J. Swift Treat. Polite Conversat. 82 I may gape long enough before it [sc. preferment] falls into my Mouth.
1790 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1067/2 Memory..might be ransacked long enough, before a Word would present itself so nervously descriptive of the Poet's Meaning.
1825 E. Hewlett Cottage Comforts vi. 42 She may sit and blow the fire, long enough before she finds sixpence in the ashes.
1871 R. Browning Hervé Riel xi, in Cornhill Mag. Mar. 260 Search the heroes flung pell-mell On the Louvre, face and flank; You shall look long enough ere you come to Hervé Riel.
1934 R. Flower tr. T. O'Crohan Islandman v. 59 You'd wait long enough before you found a hen's nest, or a cock's nest either, on the roof of a slated house.
†c. poetic. long a day (also long the day): for a long time. Cf. sense 3. Obsolete. [With quot. 1590 compare many a day (see many adj. 1b); compare also all the day long (see sense 3).]
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. I6 Most vertuous virgin..That..hast wandred through the world now long a day.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lxxi. 27 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 87 Thy gratious glory, Was my ditty long the day.
1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica xi. sig. Bb5v Not long the day he tride, Till Paris with an arrow pierst his side.
d. no (also not any) longer: not from the point specified or implied, in contrast with the situation at an earlier time; (also, in stronger sense) never again. Cf. sense 2b, and no more adv. 1a, 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] > never > never again
nevermoOE
no moOE
nevermorelOE
no morelOE
nathemoc1275
no (also not any) longer1766
1670 I. Tonge tr. N. Perrault Jesuits Morals v. 101 The same Escobar..proposeth the same question, but not any longer [Fr. non plus] as a probleme.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. iii. 52 The Horses..were no longer shy, but would come up to my very Feet without starting.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ix. 126 Happiness, I fear, is no longer reserved for me here.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes vi. 327 Nature..was as if effete now; could not any longer produce Great Men.
1894 H. Caine Manxman iii. xix. 190 There was no longer any room for doubt.
1959 Life 8 June 156/2 He admitted that once there had been some [slave labor camps] but not any longer.
2005 Computer Buyer May (Compl. Guide to Media Center Suppl.) 20/3 One of today's hot topics among future-gazers is whether TV programmes will no longer be broadcast over the airwaves.
e. not to be long for this world and variants: to have only a short time to live. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > be dying
to have one foot in the (also his, etc.) grave?1483
to draw on1484
to gasp up the ghost1577
gore1577
to turn one's face to the wall1579
to gasp one's last1603
groan1642
not to be long for this world1665
strugglea1674
to falter forth or out1814
to sprawl one's last1837
the world > life > death > [phrase] > have a short time to live
not to be long for this world1665
1665 R. Brathwait Comment Two Tales Chaucer 35 I am not a man long for this world.
a1691 G. Disney Some Remarkable Passages (1692) 14 He did not believe he was long for this World.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xlv. 277 She is not long for this world.
1797 Monthly Visitor Apr. 308 I am growing weak—I do not think that I am long for this world.
1822 Ld. Byron Let. 23 Sept. (1979) IX. 213 If it is—I can not be long for this world.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxv. 239 She fairly told Pen one day..that she felt herself breaking, and not long for this world.
1933 J. Masefield Bird of Dawning 43 He was shocked by the roaring wash of the water coming into the after hold. ‘She's not long for this world,’ he muttered.
1968 L. Goodman Sun Signs (1970) 193 These people either radiate incredible vitality or else complain that they're not long for this world.
2000 P. McGrath Martha Peake (2002) i. 4 As he turned toward the door I saw at once that he could not be long for this world, so frail did he appear.
f. British slang. now we shan't be long: expressing satisfaction or pleasure, esp. in anticipation of some future event, frequently with an air of innuendo. Now rare.Recorded earliest in the title and refrain of a music-hall song (see quot. 1895).
ΚΠ
1895 T. W. Connor Now we sha'n't be Long! (sheet music) So now we sha'n't be long, Now we sha'n't be long, When sweethearts buy a bassinette, Well, they mean business, you can bet.
1897 W. S. Maugham Liza of Lambeth v. 64 ‘Now we sha'n't be long!’ she remarked, as she handed him back the pot.
1913 H. V. Esmond Eliza comes to Stay iii. 60 Somebody loves me—now we shan't be long.
1933 G. K. Chesterton in Illustr. London News 23 Dec. 1010/1 The phrase ‘a good time coming’; which its simpler supporters might perhaps convey in the formula of ‘now we shan't be long’.
g. so long: see so adv. and conj. 36.

Compounds

C1.
a. With the sense ‘for a long time’ (in branch I.).
(a) With participles and adjectives.Such compounds are virtually unlimited in number. A selection of some of the more common or interesting examples is given here. See also long-continued adj., long-lasting adj., long-living adj., long-running adj.2, long-suffering adj.
long-abandoned adj.
ΚΠ
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 56 Unless the Boughs are lopp'd that shade the Plain, And Heav'n invok'd with Vows for fruitful Rain, On other Crops you may with envy look, And shake for Food the long abandon'd Oak. View more context for this quotation
?1745 W. Paget Humours of Fleet 15 Upon his Face unusual Smiles appear And long-abandon'd Hope his Spirits chear.
1800 Morning Post & Gazetteer 7 Apr. Establish commercial communication with our long-abandoned and unfortunate colonies.
1899 Amer. Anthropologist 1 647 That long-abandoned side of algebra, almacabala.
1952 G. Gamow Birth & Death of Sun (new ed.) xii. 197 Does this point of view not represent a return to the long-abandoned Ptolemaic system of the world, with its geocentric conception?
2007 Independent 11 Oct. 28/4 Practically all irregular verbs used today are vestiges of long-abandoned rules of conjugation, whereas all modern verbs, such as ‘to google,’ are regular.
long-accepted adj.
ΚΠ
1767 T. Kirkland Ess. Cure Dis. which are Cause of Fevers 60 The long-accepted saying of Hippocrates,..that contraries are the cure of contraries.
1790 A. Bicknell Grammatical Wreath Pref. p. vii Dr. Ash continues the long-accepted terms, the nominative, genitive, and accusative.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. ii. xxi. 267 He was the long-accepted confessor of many among the chief personages in Florence.
1922 V. Kellogg Human Life i. 38 Many of the long-accepted familiar distinctions between living and non-living matter must be given up.
2000 A. Hastings in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 548/2 The participation of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and other Christians in the plot to kill Hitler challenged long-accepted church political views.
long-accustomed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adjective] > accustomed, used, or wont > over a long period
long-accustomeda1535
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 40/2 A long accustomed malice many yeres rooted.
1650 H. Brooke Υγιεινη 39 Leaving totally off long accustomed exercises.
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks II. iv. 64 The abject and compliant State of long-accustom'd Slaves.
1810 Eclectic Rev. Aug. 725 The forced cessation of a long accustomed mode of action.
1907 C. King Rock of Chickamauga i. 19 Occasional sudden and startling relapse to the long-accustomed town-meeting methods of the home folk.
2007 L. Kramer Why Classical Music still Matters i. 4 An effort to shed both my long-accustomed assumptions and my professional interests.
long-agitated adj.
ΚΠ
1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. iv. 34 The large progresse the Papists have lately made.., to accomplish this their long-agitated Conspiracie.
1759 W. Corry Refl. upon Liberty & Necessity 48 The long agitated question, whether matter be created or eternal.
1848 J. A. Giles Six Old Eng. Chrons. Pref. p. xiii My own opinion on this long-agitated literary controversy.
1921 Sales Managem. Feb. 258/2 There does not appear to be a chance in the world that Congress will act upon this long-agitated proposal in the near future.
1996 J. Updike In Beauty of Lilies (1997) i. 21 The long-agitated issue of whether the people or the mayor should control the Board of Education was coming to a head among the aldermen.
long-anticipated adj.
ΚΠ
1785 Quaker I. i. 1 The long-anticipated recovery of my valuable parent.
1822 Weekly Visitor 30 Nov. 73/1 I was now fully embarked on my long anticipated expedition.
1884 Wheel World Nov. 241/1 The long-anticipated ‘Kangaroo Safety Bicycle’ run duly came off.
1940 N. J. Eastman Expectant Motherhood (1947) x. 173 It would be surprising if this long-anticipated event of childbirth..did not occasionally evoke profound emotional responses.
2004 Classic Rock Oct. 28/1 A long-anticipated tour of the States was scrapped at short notice after tour support was withdrawn.
long-awaited adj.
ΚΠ
1663 J. Heath Flagellum 185 He was invited to call another Parliament, and to assume from thence the long awaited result of his Ambition, the Crown Imperial of England.
1793 W. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Iphigenia in Tauris iii. 65 Let not this long-awaited joy forsake me.
1847 J. Grant Romance of War IV. v. 73 The long-awaited and eagerly wished-for peace arrived at last.
1914 Times 25 Aug. 6/4 The long-awaited battle is begun.
2001 National Post (Canada) 4 Apr. a18/3 Last week's long-awaited report on the use of human stem cells.
long-borne adj.
ΚΠ
1591 E. Spenser Daphnaïda sig. A3v Ne lets it rest, vntill it forth haue brought Her long borne Infant, fruit of heauinesse.
1595 E. C. Emaricdulfe xxviii. sig. Cv Combinde by Cupids power, My long borne liking to anatomise.
c1620 S. A. Gorges To the King in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1847) 315 Yet in my long-borne zeale Time's chaunge Can make no chaunge appeare.
1775 H. J. Pye tr. Pindar Six Olympic Odes vi. 16 The long-borne Disgrace Which ancient Malice has employed To stigmatize Bœotia's Race.
1868 Putnam's Mag. Feb. 204/2 The long-borne wrongs, the gross inequalities, the foolish tinsel extravagances..of the old Constitution.
1917 W. MacHarg & E. Balmer Indian Drum xx. 338 The terror of long-borne and hidden guilt.
2001 J. M. Lindskold Through Wolf's Eyes (2002) vi. 118 What to him was a complete surprise was to them a long-borne menace.
long-buried adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > faulty recollection > [adjective] > forgotten > for a long time
long-buried1566
long-forgotten?1606
1566 W. Adlington tr. Apuleius .XI. Bks. Golden Asse iv. xx. f. 40 The ashes and dust of his longe buried bodie [L. puluerei et iam cinerosi mortui].
1633 T. Bancroft Gluttons Feauer sig. B3 When the long buried vapours breake their tombe.
1775 J. Burgh Polit. Disquis. III. 364 Reviving the long-buried animosity between those whom nature and interest direct to cultivate peace and unanimity.
1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. vi. 407 That resurrection which now awaited the long-buried truths of the Gospel.
1945 Pop. Sci. Nov. 208/2 The presence of phosphorus from long-buried bones has..led to the detection of the sites of prehistoric communities.
2002 J. Goad Shit Magnet xvi. 297 A dim, long-buried memory, the stuff of dreams.
long-burning adj.
ΚΠ
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xxviii. 403 In his eldest yeares he gave himselfe, with so ernest a longing to learne the Greeke tong, as if it had bin to quench a long burning thirst.
1679 J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned iii. i. 264 Like those long burning Lamps which have been discovered in old monuments.
1885 L. P. Johnson Sir Walter Raleigh in Tower 11 A world Starred with long burning splendours.
1937 Life 26 July 88/1 (advt.) Edgeworth Ready-Rubbed—a cool, long-burning tobacco preferred by seasoned pipe smokers.
1982 Washington Post (Nexis) 12 Nov. a1 What tore him up was not sadness for the dead but a long-burning rage.
2009 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 June 12/2 We can expect a slow, insidious, long-burning fuse of fear, terror, and paralysis that the Taliban have lit and that the state is unable, and partly unwilling, to douse.
long-cherished adj.
ΚΠ
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. B3v The only counsell that my long cherished kinde inclination can possibly contriue, is now in your olde daies to be liberall.
1759 H. Brooke Ess. Antient & Mod. State Ireland 24 Did he, by a Profusion of Wealth, bribe the People out of their long cherished Opinions?
1783 Parker's Gen. Advertiser, & Morning Intelligencer 23 Jan. The Court of Madrid soon came to its senses, and gave up the dear and long cherished idea of Gibraltar.
1812 Cornwall Gaz., Falmouth Packet & Plymouth Jrnl. 4 July The many who took advantage of temporary distress to perfect their long-cherished schemes of rebellion, are still going on with their nightly arms-stealings and military trainings.
1911 G. Ferrero Women of Cæsars iii. 118 The long duration of the war..offered to many a pretext for venting their long-cherished hatred against Tiberius.
1978 G. O. Kent Bismarck & his Times v. 69 Contrary to long-cherished opinion, Bismarck was not suddenly inspired in the spring of 1870 to champion Prince Leopold..as the candidate for the Spanish throne.
2009 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 23 Mar. 2 The long-cherished ‘20 and out’ rule that allows cops to collect pensions in their 40s is a relic of the past.
long-contended adj.
ΚΠ
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe ii. 24 That long contended Prize for which you fought.
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xx. 400 The long-contended prize.
1854 Ladies' Compan. Dec. 312/1 The long-contended question, whether or not this classic and remarkable people understood counterpoint.
1994 Washington Times (Nexis) 26 Aug. A8 Debate is expected to center on two long-contended questions: whether global population is growing too fast..and, if so, what to do about it.
long-cooked adj.
ΚΠ
1872 N.Y. Herald 2 Dec. 6/2 The death of Mr. Greeley seems to have lifted the lid from the journalistic caldron, and out jump the long-cooked enmities.
1914 Advance Hustler 10 Sept. The child under two may be well nourished on..long cooked oat-meal.
1993 L. Colwin More Home Cooking xl. 201 And a piping hot lentil soup with some long-cooked, very tender broccoli di rape.
2014 Toronto Star (Nexis) 28 Nov. l1 Fresh noodles simply layered with long-cooked veal ragu.
long-dead adj.
ΚΠ
1604 J. Marston Malcontent ii. v. sig. D4v The ston'd coffins of long dead Christians burst vp, and made Hogstroughs.
1738 G. Lillo Marina iii. ii. 50 My long dead, long drowned Pericles.
1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 170 On this long-dead moor.
1937 W. H. Auden in W. H. Auden & L. MacNeice Lett. from Iceland i. 21 Scribbling to a long-dead poet.
2008 N.Y. Mag. 1 Dec. 38/2 The spirits of long-dead ancestors.
long-defunct adj.
ΚΠ
1810 J. Evans & J. Britton Beauties Eng. & Wales XI. (Northants.) 48 The long defunct William Catesby was attainted of high treason.
1888 Med. Surg. Reporter 512 A marked illustration of such a useless resurrection of a long defunct subject.
1932 PMLA 47 7 It is certainly odd that the long defunct phenomenon of reversed writing should reappear.
2006 Time Out N.Y. 30 Mar. 164/4 Her soaring vocals made her long-defunct band a big favorite with Lilith Fair types back in the early '90s.
long-delayed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [adjective] > delayed, deferred, or postponed
remiss?1518
adjourned1538
delayed1548
long-delayed1548
lag1552
prorogued1552
dilated1556
lagging1597
retardate1598
fristeda1600
lagged1602
retarded1636
deferred1651
prorogatory1672
lated1676
postponed1819
protracted1838
suspended1848
put-off1871
hung up1878
held1906
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke i. f. xxvv He perfectly shewed hys long delayed mercy [L. diu dilatam misericordiam].
1644 W. Prynne & C. Walker True Relation Prosecution N. Fiennes 10 These Votes soone after drew on the long-delayed Triall.
1756 Gentleman's Mag. July 379/2 Whether this army moves immediately, or waits the long-delayed arrival of Lord Loudon,..we cannot learn.
1868 J. B. Lightfoot Epist. Philippians 199 The long-delayed judgment of God.
1921 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 8 54 The new fugitive-slave law was regarded simply as a long-delayed recognition of southern rights under the constitution.
2011 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 26 May 12/1 A long-delayed deal on the 2011 federal budget.
long-departed adj.
ΚΠ
1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. iv. sig. E2v Then vnto many happines is lent, And long departed ioy might then be rife.
1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida ii. v. 168 Ith' numerous throng Of long departed Souls.
1778 W. Burgh Inq. Belief Christians iii. 307 He..at whose command the long-departed spirit returned to the body.
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xi. 102 Their long-departed owners seemed to throng the gloomy cells.
1952 R. Campbell tr. C. Baudelaire Poems 19 Sweeping the far-off skylines with a gaze Regretful of Chimeras long-departed.
2007 J. Browner Uncertain Hour 129 The moon had stolen away with any vestige of warmth left behind by the long-departed day.
long-desired adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [adjective] > desired > long
long-desired1541
long-wished?1569
1541 R. Whitford Dyuers Holy Instrucyons & Teachynges f. 48v Lede you vnto youre longe desyred home.
1617 J. Moore Mappe Mans Mortal. i. vii. 49 A ship is not made to rest, but..to set forward to the long desired hauen.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. xxxvi. 353 Mr. Grandison expected the long-desired call from his father to return to England.
1867 Ladies' Repository Oct. 241/1 At last the day had come, the long-desired and dreaded day, when my friend and I were to sail away from America into the East.
1960 Princeton Alumni Weekly 7 Oct. 17/1 He handled the ball six consecutive times before hurdling over right tackle for a long-desired six-pointer.
2012 A. Grenier Transitions & Lifecourse viii. 159 Her relief from work, and her pride in having made it to a long-desired retirement.
long-discredited adj.
ΚΠ
1823 Brit. Press 15 May 4/1 We therefore conclude this Bagdad narrative to be merely a new version of the old and long discredited rumour.
1896 N.Y. Times 15 Aug. 3 (heading) Roentgen's Discovery Revives Interest in Certain Long-Discredited Experiments.
1972 Washington Post 19 Jan. a21 This report looks more like the original, and long discredited, doctrine of Malthus.
2005 M. Lockwood Labyrinth of Time (2007) xiv. 345 There is a whiff of logical positivism in this reasoning—an implicit appeal to the long-discredited verification principle.
long-dormant adj.
ΚΠ
1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xiv. 414 By this time the long dormant Usurer ramps for the payment of his money.
a1728 B. Carter 16 Disc. (1729) iv. 88 Some sudden and surprizing Occasion awakens the long dormant Reason.
1832 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) 761 A sort of unstiffening of my long dormant joints and muscles.
1876 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Oct. 511/2 I have myself on several occasions witnessed the recurrence of long dormant syphilitic symptoms.
1980 D. Brin Sundiver x. xxxi. 340 I'm going to dust off my long dormant skills and get involved in ‘dirty politics’ for a while.
2002 Independent 17 Dec. 9/2 (caption) The reanimation of long-dormant bacteria recovered from a frozen Antarctic lake has opened up the possibility that other such organisms may exist in extreme environments.
long-enduring adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring
longeOE
longsomeeOE
long of lifeOE
lastinga1225
cleaving1340
continualc1340
dwellingc1380
long-livinga1382
everlastingc1384
long-duringa1387
long-lasting?a1400
long-liveda1400
broadc1400
permanable?c1422
perseverant?a1425
permanentc1425
perdurable?a1439
continuedc1440
abiding1448
unremoved1455
eternalc1460
long-continued1464
continuing1526
long-enduring1527
enduring1532
immortal1538
diuturn?1541
veterated1547
resiant?1567
stayinga1568
well-wearinga1568
substantive1575
pertinacious1578
extant1581
ceaseless1590
marble1596
of length1597
longeval1598
diuturnal1599
nine-lived1600
chronic1601
unexhausted1602
chronical1604
endurable1607
continuant1610
indeflourishing1610
aged1611
indurant1611
continuatea1616
perennious1628
seculara1631
undiscontinueda1631
continuated1632
untransitory1632
long-spun1633
momently1641
stative1643
outliving1645
constant1653
long-descended1660
voluminousa1661
perduring1664
perdurant1671
livelong1673
perennial1676
longeve1678
consequential1681
unquenched1703
lifelong1746
momentary1755
inveterate1780
stabile1797
persistent1826
unpassing1831
all-time1846
year-long1846
teak-built1847
lengthful1855
long-term1867
long haul1873
sticky1879
week-to-week1879
perenduring1883
long-range1885
longish1889
long-time1902
long run1904
long-life1915
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > long-suffering
longmoodeOE
sufferable1303
sufferantc1330
sufferinga1340
long1483
long-willeda1500
long-enduring1527
long-suffering1535
long-minded1618
longanimous1620
Indian1737
enduring1816–7
endurant1866
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. civ/1 A longe enduryng [Ger. langwirige] payne in the hede.
1655 E. Terry Voy. E.-India xviii. 317 The good man may be stripped of all his temporall riches, but that long enduring substance laid up for him in the Heavens, is above all his enemies reach.
1781 Ann. Reg. 1779 126/1 However singular her long enduring sufferings, patience, and forbearance.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lxiii. 251 The long-enduring watcher.
1970 A. Wilson Chartist Movement in Scotl. ii. 35 Out of O'Connor's visit to Scotland emerged a long-enduring partnership between Taylor and O'Connor.
2003 A. N. Schore Affect Dysregulation & Disorders of Self ii. 37 These attachment experiences..have far-reaching and long-enduring effects.
long-established adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [adjective]
stablea1300
durablec1386
during1398
durant1455
permanent?a1475
standingc1480
perseverablea1500
indelible1532
of long standinga1568
permansible1568
long-established1589
dureful1595
subsistent1603
subsisting1613
staple1621
constant1645
long-standing1655
throughout1701
untemporary1784
pukka1801
rock-ribbed1903
hardwired1971
1589 T. Rogers Hist. Dial. touching Antichrist & Poperie xiii. 84 Maintenance of the long established, and much blessed religion among vs.
1637 W. Prynne Quench-coale 3 The long established Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England.
1729 T. Stackhouse Compl. Body Divinity iii. v. 467 The long establish'd Notion, that the Appearance of Comets denoted either the Exaltation or Destruction of Kingdoms.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 124 A long-established and very eminent lawyer of Boston.
1958 A. H. Richmond in A. M. Rose Inst. Adv. Societies 116 In certain long-established working-class neighborhoods in London.
2001 New Scientist 18 Aug. 16/3 Painting henna designs on the body is a long-established practice in India.
long-expected adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > [adjective] > expected > for a long time
long-expected1558
long-looked-for1562
1558 P. Morwen tr. A. ben David ibn Daud Hist. Latter Tymes Iewes Commune Weale f. cxxiv Our eyes shall see oure longe expected desire.
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxii. 47 Their long expected hopes were vtterly forlorne.
1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica I. i. xi. 274 Their long-expected corps of regular infantry had been for some time arrived from Spain.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 302 They..balked their Roman conquerors of their long-expected revenge.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. i. 29 (title of chapter) A long-expected party.
2002 Times 7 Mar. 18/3 The long expected food crisis in what was once the bread basket of southern Africa has begun to bite.
long-extinct adj.
ΚΠ
1807 Crit. Rev. June 120 A noble but long-extinct family of Champagne.
1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. vi. 139 There have come down to us, from a long extinct race of men, those actual secretions of their daily life, which furnish colouring matter for a picture of them.
1934 Mariner's Mirror 20 138 A very interesting type of boat called a ‘doble’..exactly similar to the long-extinct smaller class of Thames Peter boat.
2011 R. Fortey Survivors vii. 211 (footnote) These reptiles together are classified as ‘diapsids’..which have traditionally included turtles and tortoises together with some long-extinct marine animals like mesosaurs.
long-felt adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > of long standing
long-felt1621
1621 J. Reading Faire Warning iii. 33 Antigonus souldier healed of a long-felt infirmitie, proued a very Coward.
1758 W. Melmoth in R. Dodsley Cleone Prol. No more the Muse laments her long-felt wrongs.
1862 A. Lincoln Message to Congr. in Evening Star (Washington, D.C.) 1 Dec. 1/2 The judicious legislation of Congress..has satisfied..the long felt want of an uniform circulating medium.
1936 Discovery Mar. 83/2 To satisfy a long-felt want on the part of the serious student.
2009 Times (Nexis) 26 Sept. (Review section) 6 It's as if the project filled a long-felt need in people's lives.
long-forgotten adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > faulty recollection > [adjective] > forgotten > for a long time
long-buried1566
long-forgotten?1606
?1606 M. Drayton Eglog i, in Poemes sig. C8v And that all searching and impartiall fate Shal take accompte of long-forgotten dust.
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 191 Tears repeat their long-forgotten course.
1838 Fraser's Mag. July 35/1 Emotions of long-forgotten earthly joy.
1921 A. Blackwood & W. Wilson Wolves of God viii. 161 It flashed upon him..as from ancient store of long-forgotten, long-neglected knowledge.
2011 J. D. Doss Coffin Man iii. 16 A language that had died ages ago with his long-forgotten tribe.
long-gone adj.
ΚΠ
1826 Boston Monthly Mag. May 640 Among The mouldering tracks of long-gone ages.
1950 W. de la Mare Inward Compan. 25 A happy house in that long-gone sunshine.
2001 H. Holmes Secret Life Dust iii. 40 The group of long-gone stars whose dusts hatched our solar system.
long-held adj.
ΚΠ
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. iv. sig. Kk8v Long-helde opinions..are to be forsaken.
1653 G. Wither Mod. States-man vii. 58 To usurp our long held soveraignty of the seas.
1829 London Mag. Apr. 321 A change of a long-held system of opinion.
1943 D. Gascoyne Poems 1937–42 33 With long-held burning breath.
2001 Sci Fi June 31/2 Kubrick's long-held dream of making this movie.
long-hid adj. chiefly poetic (now rare)
ΚΠ
1578 W. Baldwin et al. Last Pt. Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Dame Elianor Cobham sig. F4 His nephew naturall Glad of the chance, so fitly forth to fall His long hid hate.
1611 B. Jonson Catiline i. sig. B1 Let the long-hid seedes Of treason..now shoote forth in deedes. View more context for this quotation
1768 Scots Mag. Aug. 433/2 Discov'ring still a long-hid store, Of isles within these seas.
1858 St. James's Medley Nov. 532 He..arrived at what he supposed to be a long-hid treasure of gold.
1965 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 Feb. 108/2 The revelation of a long-hid mystery..has turned out..a damp squib.
long-hidden adj.
ΚΠ
1546 J. Bale First Examinacyon A. Askewe Pref. sig. ♣viv A verye madnesse is it to stryue agaynst God, whan he wyll haue the longe hydden inyquytees knowne.
1646 T. Vane Answer to Libell 40 Vntill you with much industry and art, come and discouer this long hidden secret.
1765 G. Colman tr. Terence Andrian i. i, in tr. Terence Comedies 15 The frighted Pamphilus betrays His well-dissembled and long-hidden love.
1834 Observer 27 Oct. 2 His exertions to recover the long hidden treasure sunk in the Royal George, at Spithead.
1881 O. Wilde Poems 67 Sweeter far if silver-sandalled foot Of some long-hidden God should ever tread The Nuneham meadows.
1969 Daily Tel. 28 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 28/3 Their long hidden sinopie, as the preparatory full-size wall-drawings are called.
2013 Vanity Fair May 162/2 The long-hidden secrets that had cracked the code for how to make money selling online ads.
long-ignored adj.
ΚΠ
1850 Illustr. London News 22 June In the case of a winning horse,..this little discovery did not tell so favourably as it would with the long-ignored ‘Augustus’ of a romance.
1891 Guardian 16 Sept. No book made a greater noise when it was first issued than the long-ignored treatise which Mr Salt is now anxious to recall to public attention.
1951 Hispanic Rev. 19 249 The explanation propounded by the long-ignored Spanish lexicologist..is indubitably wrong.
2001 F. Popcorn & A. Hanft Dict. Future 40 This is enormously encouraging research in the long-ignored area of pain management.
long-kept adj.
ΚΠ
1588 C. Lucar Appendix lxxxiv. 79 in tr. N. Tartaglia 3 Bks. Shooting Choked with drie sande, or wet with old and long kept vrine.
1677 E. Settle Pastor Fido v. 61 The long-kept secret of our Fate made clear.
1737 M. Green Spleen 24 Lawless power the long-kept field..was forc'd to yield.
1843 R. Browning Return of Druses in Bells & Pomegranates No. IV i. 229 Tell them the long-kept secret.
1971 C. R. Barber & S. M. Stern tr. I. Goldziher Muslim Stud. II. 324 The long-kept trophies of the earliest period of Islam.
2011 M. Lavorato Believing Cedric 250 Details that they conferred with so much buildup and bearing it was as if they were long-kept secrets.
long-neglected adj.
ΚΠ
1611 S. Penuen Ambitions Scourge sig. B8v His long neglected hands he reares to Heauen.
1647 C. Harvey Schola Cordis Introd. 5 Resume thy long-neglected liberty Of selfe-examination.
1760 Scots Mag. Feb. 89/2 Now, to unpeople ev'ry brook, The long-neglected mesh repairs.
1811 T. Ramsden Pract. Observ. Sclerocele 212 It occurred to a surgeon of great eminence to revive the long neglected method of cure by injection.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. iii. 23 He had taken the manuscript out of a long-neglected chest, containing..old Oxbridge scribbling books, his old surplice, and battered cap and gown.
1912 G. K. Chesterton Manalive ii. 41 Suddenly there came from the darkening garden a silvery ping and pong which told them that Rosamund had brought out the long-neglected mandoline.
2001 B. Broady In this Block there lives Slag 192 All its paths had been newly concreted and its graves set straight, cleaned, scaled and polished like long-neglected teeth.
long-parted adj.
ΚΠ
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 9 As a long parted mother with her childe Playes fondly with her teares. View more context for this quotation
a1627 T. Middleton Mayor of Quinborough (1661) i. i. 5 To see long parted light agen.
1776 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (rev. ed.) IV. xvii. 351 The images of his long parted friends.
1868 Musical Standard 27 June 255/2 A Handel Festival..brings together long-parted friends and long-parted foes.
1922 J. R. Smith Springs & Wells in Greek & Rom. Lit. 157 Cordial relations between the long-parted mother and son.
2004 G. Cullity Moral Demands Affluence viii. 137 It would be wrong to refuse to make a small effort to reunite a long-parted family.
long-past adj.
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser To Earle of Cumberland in Faerie Queene sig. Qq2 Yet braue ensample of long passed daies, In which trew honor yee may fashiond see.
1605 G. Saltern Of Antient Laws Great Brit. xi. sig. K4 Certaine remnants and monuments, whereby to iudge of those long past Antiquities.
1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ix. 316 An aged Man Sat near, seated on what in long-past days Had been some sculptured monument.
1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent ii. x. 481 During His long-past sojourn upon earth.
1941 Pop. Sci. Feb. 184/2 Knowledge of solar eclipses has made it possible for historians to fix accurate dates for long-past world events.
2010 E. Turner-Graham in S. Buttsworth & M. Abbenhuis Monsters in Mirror ix. 221 Nazi symbology is not devoid of meaning; they are not the empty symbols of a long-past age.
long-planned adj.
ΚΠ
1761 W. Bell Enq. Divine Missions i. iii. 103 This very distant period therefore was the earliest at which Zacharias and Elizabeth could hope for even the small satisfaction, of bringing their long planned imposture to the tryal.
1823 Leeds Mercury 5 Apr. Justifying the French in carrying into effect their long-planned invasion.
1851 J. Forster Let. in C. Brontë Lett. (2000) II. 568 Though the weather was drizzly, we resolved to make our long-planned excursion to Haworth.
1952 Times of India 24 Aug. 5/2 A lapse of memory enabled a Rumanian Olympic sharpshooter to make a long-planned break for freedom and outwit Communist agents.
2008 Chicago Tribune 10 Mar. (Midwest Final ed.) i. 13/5 Metra wants to know how the project will affect its long-planned construction of suburb-to-suburb commuter service along the EJ&E route.
long-possessed adj.
ΚΠ
1602 T. Lodge in tr. Josephus Wks. Ep. Ded. sig. ¶ijv Our expected and long possessed peace.
1792 E. Burke Let. 31 Jan. in Corr. (1968) VII. 52 The solid, permanent, long possessed property of the Country.
1830 W. Cobbett Hist. Regency & George IV v. §267 The Allies..had found it necessary to take from France a part of her own long-possessed dominions.
1882 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 3 Apr. In an hour he was stripped of all his long-possessed power.
1934 Prairie Schooner 8 168 Like the tick-tick of a long-possessed clock.
2004 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 8 Oct. 16 Charles de Gaulle's resolute departure from long-possessed lands.
long-promised adj.
ΚΠ
1536 R. Hore Let. 8 July in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/11/21) f. 25 Pleaseth it your honorabill Ladishipp in goode worth to receive this long promised litill booke.
1653 J. Lilburne Revived 12 Force the establishing of their long-promised..rights and freedoms.
1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph III. 185 In a few months after their marriage, the incumbent of the long promised living died.
1824 New Monthly Mag. 11 555 A long-ambitioned and long-promised addition to her summer finery.
1939 War Illustr. 4 Nov. p. iii/1 A scheme by which German artisans paid in advance by weekly instalments for their long-promised ‘people's car’ would appear to have fallen through.
2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 July 19/1 We have waited since The Judgement of Sense in 1987 for his latest, long-promised magnum opus.
long-protracted adj.
ΚΠ
1533 Articles deuisid by Kynges Counsayle ii. f. 4v Our Princes weightie and longe protracted cause of Matrimonie.
1645 W. Prynne Vindic. Foure Qvestions Ep. Ded. sig. A1v The speedy Finisher of our long protracted Civil Wars.
1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 9 Hermione..Was sent to crown the long-protracted joy.
1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 10 July 53/1 Shutting up a jury, and keeping them in confinement for a long-protracted period.
1950 Billboard 22 Apr. 10/2 The long-protracted hearing on TV allocations.
2012 C. A. Spinage Afr. Ecol. iv. 206 A long-protracted drought is reported at Shoshong in March 1882.
long-resounding adj.
ΚΠ
1708 Apotheosis Basilike 2 The roaring Billows..rage the more, Till (rowling on the long resounding Shore) All now has hush'd where all the Storms had been.
1831 W. Scott Pirate (new ed.) I. v. 70 The groans of the mountains and the long-resounding shores.
1909 Outlook 27 Mar. 678/2 The long-resounding rumble of avalanches of masonry.
1999 Times 5 Oct. iii. 1/2 His short-lived but long-resounding marriage to his first wife.
long-settled adj.
ΚΠ
1569 T. Norton To Queenes Deceiued Subj. sig. D.iijv Long settled errours euen in men otherwyse good and honest, must haue theyr time of instruction and parsuasion.
1613 G. Markham Hobsons Horse-load sig. A4v The small ruine of your long setled prosperitye.
1787 Monthly Rev. May 397 An established long settled inhabitant of that district.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. iii. §55. 189 Its long-settled political organization.
1911 F. W. Taussig Princ. Econ. II. lii. 213 In any long-settled country mankind cannot increase at anything like the maximum rate.
2010 K. M. Johnson-Weiner N.Y. Amish i. 16 The newer arrivals did not always see eye to eye with their long-settled counterparts on a number of issues.
long-shut adj.
ΚΠ
?1614 W. Drummond Poems With long-shoot Eyes I shunne the irkesome Light.
1851 Knickerbocker (N.Y.) Apr. 377 Memory pleases herself with opening many a long-shut cell.
2005 B. Collins Dead of Night 115 Like a fresh breeze sweeping through a long-shut room.
long-simmering adj.
ΚΠ
1852 Sc. Temperance Rev. May 208/2 The long simmering mass of ignorance may be exposed to the genial sunshine of a kindly intelligence.
1891 National Rev. Mar. 66 The long-engendered, long-simmering lava-floods from the rent conduits of a volcano.
1926 W. E. Woodward G. Washington iii. 30 The war originated in a flare-up of a long simmering dispute which England and Spain had carried on for a generation.
1963 C. Carpenter Hist. Amer. Schoolbks. xi. 159 When..some of the better-known philologists voiced approvals of the new spelling in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century they were stirring a long-simmering porridge.
2000 P. Johnson & C. O'Brien World Food: New Orleans 12 The long-simmering single pot dishes..reflected the survival-oriented frontier traditions of the Acadians.
long-sought adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > [adjective] > that is or has been sought > for a long period
long-sought1580
1580 J. Stow Chrons. of Eng. 606 Hys ambassadours, wyth full aucthority to conclude this long soughte peace.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ix. 140 Ere the Iberian Powers had toucht the long-sought Bay.
1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V. xvii. 75 My long lost, my long sought brother!
1857 New Monthly Mag. 109 37 They were standing amid the ruins of the long-sought Pella.
1915 L. T. More Limitations of Sci. vii. 244 The long sought guide to righteousness.
2006 New Yorker 2 Oct. 86/1 Physicists are on the verge of obtaining the long-sought Theory of Everything.
long-suffered adj.
ΚΠ
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. ii. f. 54 Long suffred and vnpunished boldenesse [L. longa & impunita audacia].
1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) To Parl. sig. A4v To be acquitted from the long suffer'd ungodly attribute of patronizing Adultery.
1752 W. Goodall Adventures Capt. Greenland III. ix. v. 238 A long suffer'd Want of Thought.
1870 T. H. Huxley in Nature 15 Sept. 406/1 The long-suffered massacre of our innocents will come to an end.
1903 Bookman Oct. 35/1 Bunn wished to stop the long-suffered annoyance once for all.
2001 A. Dangor Bitter Fruit (2003) v. 59 Some long-suffered, patient silence had given way to an utter weariness.
long-threatened adj.
ΚΠ
1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. ix. xxiv. 859/1 For preuenting those long threatned stormes, shee sent Charles Howard Lord Baron of Effingham, high Admirall of England, vnto the seas.
1760 J. Douglas Let. Two Great Men 23 The long threatened Invasion of these Kingdoms.
1868 J. T. Bunce Cloudland & Shadowland 60 Their long-threatened attempt to put the Moon out.
1930 Princeton Alumni Weekly 31 Jan. 450/2 We quote from our long-threatened, anonymous epistle.
2011 C. Matthews Jack Kennedy: Elusive Hero xiii. 345 On August 3, the Soviets made their long-threatened move on West Berlin.
long-vanished adj.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. iv. 86 'Tis no sinister, nor no awk-ward Clayme, Pickt from the worme-holes of long-vanisht dayes. View more context for this quotation
1787 R. Jephson Julia ii. iv. 26 Methinks, when these protecting arms enfold me, Long-vanish'd peace seems to return once more.
1818 Scotsman 17 Jan. 23 Lamenting over the long-vanished days of sensual enjoyment.
1881 ‘M. Twain’ Speeches 22 Dec. (1923) 91 Your long-vanished ancestors—the super-high-moral old iron-clads of Cape Cod.
1952 A. Norton Daybreak—2250 A.D. ii. 21 They..twice swept between abutments of long-vanished bridges.
2003 R. MacFarlane Mountains of Mind (2004) viii. 241 The mountains which edged the deserts are bosomy in profile, cleaved by long-vanished glaciers and river gulches.
long-waited adj.
ΚΠ
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 67 The long-waited smiles I wish'd to see.
1928 Publishers' Weekly 16 June 2425 The long-waited reminiscences of the British Prime Minister.
2007 M. Beenstock in M. J. Oliver & D. H. Aldcroft Econ. Disasters of Twentieth Cent. (2008) iv. 134 A long-waited redressing of the balance of economic power.
long-wandering adj.
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C4v That long wandring Greeke, That for his loue refused deitye.
1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxvii. 133 The long-wandring Lon, with good aduisement heard.
1780 A. Seward Elegy Capt. Cook 8 On it's chill beach this dove of human kind For his long-wand'ring foot short rest shall find.
1816 Orthodox Jrnl. May 201/1 It..seemed at length to give a home to the long wandering native.
1918 W. S. Messer Dream in Homer & Greek Trag. 31 The restoration of the long-wandering hero to his home.
2005 C. Lowney Vanished World (2006) i. 23 A long-wandering, barely housebroken barbarian tribe.
long-wedded adj.
ΚΠ
1685 H. Killigrew Serm. v. 93 Men defending their long-wedded Opinions as passionately, as their Riches.
1786 Walker's Hibernian Mag. Sept. 495/2 The chill'd, cold earth now hides The dearest half of this long-wedded pair.
1851 G. Spring First Things I. vi. 195 There is a maturity, a richness of affection in those long-wedded minds that have weathered the storm of life together.
1915 R. Hughes Empty Pockets lxix. 585 Worthing and Muriel sat in the wordless communion of two long-wedded souls.
2008 W. Bramley Bewitched, Bothered & Bewildered ix. 127 To all intents and purposes a long-wedded couple.
long-wished adj. now rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [adjective] > desired > long
long-desired1541
long-wished?1569
?1569 H. Gough tr. B. Georgijević Ofspring House of Ottomanno sig. J.vii Shee shoulde enioy the long wished end of her desire.
?1614 W. Drummond Song: Phoebvs arise in Poems That Day long wished Day.
1787 E. Keir Hist. Miss Greville II. xliv. 90 Fortune..has supplied me with means of accomplishing my long-wished revenge.
1839 Sat. Mag. 16 Nov. 187/2 The Jews have been prepared for their long-wished departure to..the Holy Land.
1979 J. Hillman Dream & Underworld vi. 184 Like the northerner gone south, the long-dreamt, long-wished vacation is fulfilled in a toilet.
long-withheld adj.
ΚΠ
a1707 W. Petyt Jus Parliamentarium (1739) i. 198 The long withheld Hands of Justice being let loose.
1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 38 The long-withheld sympathy is given at last.
1920 C. Wood Mountain xx. 247 A giddy faintness came with the long-withheld ardor.
2011 J. Newton Eisenhower: White House Years v. 98 Long-withheld grand jury testimony reinforced Ethel's innocence.
(b) With adjectives composed of a past participle and a preposition.
long-longed-for adj.
ΚΠ
1633 P. Fletcher Poeticall Misc. 60 in Purple Island Revisit our long-long'd-for Kent.
1715 J. Ozell tr. V. Voiture Lett. lxxvii, in Wks. I. 265 'Till that long long'd for Time, I shall think of you.
1835 H. A. Driver Harold de Burun 53 When I left her now long-longed-for shores.
1902 Independent (N.Y.) 14 Aug. 1930/2 The long longed for measure..became exceeding bitter further on.
2011 Chico (Calif.) Enterprise-Record (Nexis) 25 Mar. They..mapped out a plan for a long longed-for cold frame.
long-looked-for adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > [adjective] > expected
futurec1374
in a possibility1523
forestalled1543
looked-for1548
anticipatec1550
expected1558
long-looked-for1562
looked1565
in expectation1570
expectable1619
expecting1621
in perspective1633
unsurprising1671
in prospect1694
perspective1710
in prospective1746–7
prospective1809
anticipated1814
presumable1825
anticipatable1872
ex ante1937
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > [adjective] > expected > for a long time
long-expected1558
long-looked-for1562
1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth I c. 2 §3 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 406 That long looked for Remedye.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients i. 39 That same long looked for, and perfect Artist.
1755 Connoisseur No. 93. (1756) 562 Mrs. Jones herself was very busy..when the long looked-for ten thousand came up.
1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) i. 1 Exulting in the long-looked-for event.
1918 F. Riesenberg Under Sail xxxv. 419 (heading) The long-looked-for payday.
2007 P. Seeber & A. Shander Basics Blood Managem. vii. 78/1 The long-looked-for drug to be used in certain clotting factor deficiencies.
long-sought-after adj.
ΚΠ
1642 F. Potter Interpr. 666 Ep. to Rdr. sig. **v Among this wood, and hay, and stubble, which I have here heaped together, there is also some Gold, and some Silver, and some Pretious Stones (that is some long sought after and desireable truthes).
1844 C. J. Lever Tom Burke II. lxxxvi. 287 There they were, revelling in the long sought after restoration of their former state.
1868 Dundee Courier & Argus 28 Mar. Several of the Manchester police officers saw him, but failed to identify him as the long sought after Captain Deasey.
1927 B. J. Stern Social Factors in Med. Progress i. ii. 31 The medical profession must be excessively cautious to counteract the tendency of the nonmedical public to herald every discovery as a long sought after cure.
2006 Up Here (Yellowknife, N.W. Territories) July 15/3 The long-sought-after transitional creature..is the first-ever verified link between sea creatures and an evolutionary string of land-dwellers.
long-waited-for adj.
ΚΠ
1572 J. Bridges tr. R. Gwalther Hundred, Threescore & Fiftene Homelyes vppon Actes Apostles ii. 105 He was that long wayted for sauiour of mankinde.
1660 G. S. Dignity of Kingship Asserted 193 I am assuredly confident, that so soone as interests can be so reconciled,..there will be no obstacle remaining to hinder our long wayted for happinesse.
1795 Morning Post 16 Mar. This morning the long waited for Imperial Decree of Commission was at last presented to the Diet.
1896 Chron. London Missionary Soc. Aug. 171/1 It seems as if the long-waited-for, long-prayed-for hour would soon arrive.
1952 G. M. Bliss in C. Hamilton Men of Underworld ii. 45 The long waited for change was brought about by the greed of Captain John Young, chief of the Detective Bureau.
2014 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) (Nexis) 12 July 10 This has been a long-waited-for decision and we'd like to thank everyone who had continuous faith in us.
long-wished-for adj.
ΚΠ
1559 T. Brice Compend. Reg. Metre To Rdr. sig. A.viiv Our long wished for, and moste noble Queene Elizabeth.
1625 T. Jackson Christs Answer 14 Their promised and long-wished-for Messias.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. x. 107 We at last discovered the long-wished for Island.
1839 Brit. Pulpit 2 157 After this came the long-wished for rain.
1953 Life 20 Apr. 62/1 (advt.) Her lovely, long-wished-for Lane Cedar Chest.
2008 J. R. Godsall Tangled Web xxxiv. 331 The long-wished-for opportunity presented itself.
(c) With adjectives composed of a past participle and an adverb.See also long-drawn-out adj.
long-shut-up adj.
ΚΠ
1660 F. Philipps Tenenda non Tollenda vi. 235 The long shut up Janus Temple had by the Salij or Priests of Mars been against his will broken open.
1742 W. Law Appeal to All that Doubt iii. 196 He..triumphantly enter'd into that long shut up Paradise.
1892 ‘F. Warden’ Ralph Ryder of Brent I. xii. 250 Eyes which had lost their capacity for seeing anything but those long shut-up windows and the secret behind them.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. III. ix. 33 Her long shut-up and straitened heart, Unfolds.
2011 N. Stephenson Reamde (2012) 565 The musty and mildewy funk of the long-shut-up building.
b. With the sense ‘to or at a great distance’ (in branch II.), as long-destroying, long-stretched (also in form †long-straight), long-travelled, long wandered, long-withdrawing, etc. In earlier use chiefly poetic.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 952 Þe douk he met..& of his hors him haþ y-feld Riȝt long streȝt [c1475 Caius all longestreight] in þe feld.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 1163 She lay as for ded..He rist hym vp and long streyght he hyre leyde.
a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) l. 5754 Augustinus: Vna vox..percussit, reppulit, strauit..‘One voice’, sais Austyn, ‘drof al doun, long-straȝt laide.’
?1614 W. Drummond Song: It was the time in Poems The Palme her Loue with long-streatch'd Armes embraces.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 326 Our long reaching Ordonance.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 313 Who shall..bring back Through the worlds wilderness long wanderd man Safe to eternal Paradise of rest. View more context for this quotation
1681 Heraclitus Ridens 30 Aug. 1/1 A sad Experiment I have made Of the long reaching Arms of Kings.
1716 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad II. viii. 265 They shake the Bands, and threat With long-destroying Flames, the hostile Fleet.
1728 J. Thomson Spring 5 O'er your Hills, and long with-drawing Vales, Let Autumn spread his Treasures.
1856 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 13 Apr. in Eng. Notebks. (1997) I. iv. 490 He is a..widely and long travelled man.
1864 Tercentenary Celebration Birth Shakspeare (New-Eng. Hist.-Geneal. Soc.) 38 Let there be no contrasts of color, no accidental lights, no long-reaching perspectives.
1961 A. H. Gardiner Egypt of Pharaohs (1964) xi. 345 In the long-stretched Nile Valley works of peace were still possible.
2003 E. Docx Calligrapher vi. 93 I stood..like a bewildered and long-travelled tourist blinking in the summer sun.
C2.
long-ambitioned adj. now rare strongly desired or sought after for a long time.
ΚΠ
1824 New Monthly Mag. 11 555 A long-ambitioned and long-promised addition to her summer finery.
1977 S. T. Warner in T. H. White Bk. Merlyn p. xiii A long-ambitioned desire, intricately compounded of sporting prowess and sadism—to shoot a wild goose in flight.
† long-brailed adj. Obsolete rare (of a wing) that has been restrained by a ‘brail’ or girdle for a long time.In quot. a1657 as part of an extended metaphor.
ΚΠ
a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) I. 213 My long-brail'd Pineons, (clumsye and vnapt) I cannot Spread.
† long-during adj. Obsolete that lasts or takes a long time; long-enduring.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > long-lasting or enduring
longeOE
longsomeeOE
long of lifeOE
lastinga1225
cleaving1340
continualc1340
dwellingc1380
long-livinga1382
everlastingc1384
long-duringa1387
long-lasting?a1400
long-liveda1400
broadc1400
permanable?c1422
perseverant?a1425
permanentc1425
perdurable?a1439
continuedc1440
abiding1448
unremoved1455
eternalc1460
long-continued1464
continuing1526
long-enduring1527
enduring1532
immortal1538
diuturn?1541
veterated1547
resiant?1567
stayinga1568
well-wearinga1568
substantive1575
pertinacious1578
extant1581
ceaseless1590
marble1596
of length1597
longeval1598
diuturnal1599
nine-lived1600
chronic1601
unexhausted1602
chronical1604
endurable1607
continuant1610
indeflourishing1610
aged1611
indurant1611
continuatea1616
perennious1628
seculara1631
undiscontinueda1631
continuated1632
untransitory1632
long-spun1633
momently1641
stative1643
outliving1645
constant1653
long-descended1660
voluminousa1661
perduring1664
perdurant1671
livelong1673
perennial1676
longeve1678
consequential1681
unquenched1703
lifelong1746
momentary1755
inveterate1780
stabile1797
persistent1826
unpassing1831
all-time1846
year-long1846
teak-built1847
lengthful1855
long-term1867
long haul1873
sticky1879
week-to-week1879
perenduring1883
long-range1885
longish1889
long-time1902
long run1904
long-life1915
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 71 (MED) Þe fourþe witnesse and preef þat suche a place is in erþe þat is icleped Paradys, is olde fame and longe durynge [L. fama diuturna].
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. liii. 10 If he puttith his lijf for synne, he schal se seed long durynge [a1382 E.V. of long age; L. semen longævum].
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. xxxiv. 52 These exercises,..may put out of the body, all long duryng sicknesses.
1644 E. Arnold tr. D. Pareus Comm. Revelation 301 Lest fainting under their long-during calamities, they should cast away their hope of victory.
1795 J. Naismith Observ. Breeds Sheep iv. 24 A long-during verdure yields a moderate sustenance.
1831 J. S. Law Wrongs of Ireland p. vii The long-during crusade of persecution, and penal oppression.
1902 tr. ‘P. Loti’ Iceland Fisherman iv. viii. 236 The capes and bays..appeared to rest also in the long-during calm.
long-lacked adj. now rare that has been absent or missed for a long time.
ΚΠ
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C5 Ah my long lacked Lord, Where haue ye bene thus long out of my sight?
?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses ii. 24 In purpose to explore My long lackt Father.
1769 ‘Coriat Junior’ Another Traveller! II. xxiii. 216 Their triumph only could procure him peace—long-lacked, never-ending peace!
1891 Christian Union (N.Y.) 29 Jan. 150/1 To visit that city now without this long-lacked companion would be a willful neglect of perhaps irretrievable opportunities.
1937 Time 11 Oct. 83/1 Inhibited by his beautiful, strait-laced wife, spirited Farmer McLeod discovers in her equally beautiful but more lifelike younger sister a long-lacked audience and companion.
long-serving adj. that has served in a position for a long time.
ΚΠ
1829 Statesman & Gaz. (Natchez, Mississippi) 15 Aug. Faithful, long serving patriots, who had or ought to have had a freehold estate in the offices they used or abused to their own emolument.
1855 Standard 26 Feb. Were these long-serving, long-suffering, grey-haired able men put on the staff? No; we put a boy there.
1932 V. de Balla New Balance of Power Europe iii. 90 One-third of the troops garrisoned in France are colored and mostly long-serving professionals.
1974 D. R. Watson G. Clemenceau vii. xvii. 344 The British wanted to prohibit conscription, while Foch thought that it was a professional long-serving army that would be a danger to peace.
2005 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 25 Feb. 23/1 Councillors will be paid a salary and long-serving councillors will be given a ‘golden handshake’ of up to £25,000 if they agree to resign before the elections.
long-stalled adj. that has been stalled or obstructed for a long time; long-delayed.
ΚΠ
1888 1st Biennial Rep. Board of Railway Commissioners Vermont i. 29 The last winter has been notably one of unprecedented snow-storms and blizzards, and long stalled trains have been a common experience in railroad travel.
1940 Washington Post 2 Nov. 1/2 Italy's long-stalled invasion of Egypt came to life today in a new burst of fighting.
1975 K. Sale Power Shift v. 260 The Nixon Administration brought enormous and eventually successful pressure on the Congress to approve the long-stalled Alaska Pipeline.
2014 Sunday Mail (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 Feb. 6 The move heralds the relaunch of long-stalled peace talks.
long-thinking adj. rare thoughtful, prudent; foresighted.
ΚΠ
a1637 B. Jonson Timber 361 in Wks. (1640) III Vlysses in Homer, is made a long thinking man, before hee speaks.
1962 J. M. Myers Deaths of Bravos xxxvi. 202 His long-thinking father-in-law was hopeful of spanning the continent with a railroad.
† long-toiled adj. Obsolete that has toiled for a long time; also in extended use.
ΚΠ
1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades ii. 32 Most happie and almightie Ioue, great thickner of the skie, Descend on our long-toyled host, with thy remorcefull eye [no direct equivalent in Gk. original].
1687 Spencer Redivivus iii. 47 As the long Toyl'd Marriner espies The Port for which his fullest Sails he plyes.
1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V. xvi. 282 Long toiled mariners, whom storms have, at length, compelled to seek a final port.
1899 O. Elton Augustan Ages (U.S. ed.) vii. 334 At the height of a long-toiled argument, he ends in a rush of figure and appeal.
long-wearing adj. originally U.S. that is resistant to wear; that lasts a long time; durable; cf. hard-wearing adj. at hard adv. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1807 Med. & Agric. Reg. May 259 To increase this sort of honest long-wearing riches.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 16 Apr. 4/2 Greasers are fitted everywhere to..add to the long-wearing life of the parts.
1963 New Yorker 23 Nov. 15 (advt.) Our famous shirts..are made..of exclusively woven, long-wearing materials.
2006 J. McKinney Calif. Desert Parks 9 Look for long-wearing soles and stiff shanks for comfort and support.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

'longadv.2

Brit. /lɒŋ/, U.S. /lɔŋ/, /lɑŋ/
Forms: 1600s long, 1700s– 'long, 1900s– lang (Scottish).
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: along adv.
Etymology: Aphetic < along adv. Compare earlier 'long prep.
Now chiefly regional.
= along adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > [adverb]
alonga1393
'long1663
locomotively1729
translationally1893
1663 M. Carleton Hist. Narr. German Princess 21 Billing askt her again, If she would..go long with him.
1785 Humming Bird (ed. 3) 95/2 He ask'd me to let him go 'long with me.
1850 C. Dickens David Copperfield li. 306 Let me go 'long with you!
1886 Harper's Mag. Oct. 808/1 He come to the house 'long in the first part of the evenin'.
1918 Century Apr. 142/2 The laird rang three times three; Up cried the doorman, hopping fashed, ‘Go lang and bide a wee!’
1939 C. Allen in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 6 'Long came a man what said he could set warp an' had figgers in it.
1993 J. Deaver Lesson of her Death (1994) 166 Run 'long now. I'll call you when I need some im-poh-tant pay-pahs.

Phrases

P1. 'long of: together with, alongside; = along of at along adj.2, prep., and adv. Phrases 3.
ΚΠ
1861 London Jrnl. 3 Aug. 83/1 She went 'long of him everywhere, and may have died of the fever in the Crimea, or been massacred in India for aught we've heard of her.
1877 S. O. Jewett Deephaven 62 I helped 'em make it [sc. a dress] 'long of Mary Ann Simms the dressmaker.
1909 Cent. Mag. Sept. 788/1 ‘Next week Wednesday, I'm a-goin', though.’.. ‘I've the great mind to say I'll go 'long of you.’
P2. go 'long.
a. U.S. regional and Caribbean. In imperative: ‘go away’; ‘be off’; ‘get along’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (intransitive)]
scud1602
go scrape!1611
to push off (also along)1740
to go it1797
to walk one's chalks1835
morris1838
scat1838
go 'long1859
to take a walk1881
shoot1897
skidoo1905
to beat it1906
to go to the dickens1910
to jump (or go (and) jump) in the lake1912
scram1928
to piss offa1935
to bugger off1937
to fuck off1940
go and have a roll1941
eff1945
to feck off?1945
to get lost1947
to sod off1950
bug1956
to hit, split or take the breeze1959
naff1959
frig1965
muck1974
to rack off1975
1859 Gleason's Lit. Compan. 13 Feb. 103/1 Come, go 'long, I tell ye; never mind the baby now, you'll have time enough bimeby to play with him.
1969 R. D. Pharr Bk. of Numbers (1970) ix. 86 Go long and stop that fuss, Blueboy.
2019 @kenza__b_ 13 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 4 Aug. 2020) U ain't welcome here... Go long bye bye bye.
b. Bermudian English. Expressing astonishment or incredulity: ‘go on’; ‘you don't say’; ‘get away’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > disbelief, incredulity > expressions of disbelief [interjection]
to go toc1275
in good timea1470
Walker1811
to get off1818
this beats my grandmother1819
to go on1835
your granny!1837
to get away1847
I ask you1855
great guns!1875
sure1907
oh yeah1927
Aunt Fanny1928
go 'long1974
to sod off1976
1974 B. Burland Surprise iii. iii. 175 You tell time, the hour, by stars?—man, go long.
2019 @im_jazmeann 5 June in twitter.com (accessed 4 Aug. 2020) You ain't fooling me... Go long bie.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

'longprep.

Brit. /lɒŋ/, U.S. /lɔŋ/
Forms: 1500s longe, 1600s–1700s long, 1800s– 'long; Scottish pre-1700 lange, pre-1700 1800s– lang, 1700s– 'lang, 1800s 'long.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: along prep.
Etymology: Aphetic < along prep.: see discussion at that entry. Compare longst prep.A few scattered attestations of the apparently parallel formation Old English lang (preposition), in the same sense (shortened < andlang along prep.) in the bounds of Anglo-Saxon charters (chiefly in late copies) are more likely to show transmission errors. Compare:OE Bounds (Sawyer 1556) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) I. 417 Andlang ea to Mærcumbe, lang [OE Nero ondlong] cumbes to Lindofres heafdan.a1425 ( Royal Charter: Edmund I to Wynflæd (Sawyer 485) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Shaftesbury Abbey (1996) 54 Of Horngetes hirne lang landshare to Leaxen oc, anlang wdes to þane ealde seale.a1500 ( Bounds (Sawyer 1546b) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 670 Than vp on the rugge mydway, lang ryggys [OE andlang hrycges] anon to þe paþ.
Now chiefly regional.
= along prep.
ΚΠ
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 783 Wndyr a bray thai buschyt thaim rycht law, Lang the wattyr.
1560 R. Copland tr. P. Garcie Rutter of See sig. A viv The water cometh out of the south southeast all longe the sayde coost.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 328 Each fountain side, With borders long the Rivers. View more context for this quotation
1784 M. Noble Mem. Protectorate-house Cromwell 369 Many thousands of people being spectators in the windows, and upon the scaffolds all long the way.
1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. ii. 143 The swallow..Skims 'long the brook.
1895 L. H. Farmer Aunt Belindy's Points of View 281 Be mighty sure that his opinions run 'long the right track.
1953 J. M. Brewer Word on Brazos 32 De ole Davis plannuhtation, what..stretch hitse'f out far ez you could peel yo' eye 'long de banks.
1985 New Eng. Rev. & Bread Loaf Q. 7 621 Go 'long you merry way, boy!
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : -longsuffix
<
n.21693adj.1n.1eOEadj.2c1175v.1eOEv.2OEv.3lOEadv.1eOEadv.21663prep.1488
see also
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