单词 | loath |
释义 | † loathn. Obsolete. 1. Something hateful or harmful; evil, harm, injury; an annoyance, a trouble. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] loathc900 harmOE teenOE griefc1330 injurec1374 injuryc1384 truitc1390 spitea1400 wrethec1400 supprise1442 trouble1463 damage1470 objectionc1475 interess1489 tort1532 mishanter1754 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] loathc900 teenOE ungrithlOE wemming1100 waningc1175 wrongc1275 prejudicec1300 derea1325 torferc1325 eviltyc1330 griefc1330 wem1338 injurec1374 truitc1390 noyinga1398 inconvenience14.. nocument?a1425 outraya1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 supprise1442 incommodityc1450 interess1489 grudge1491 tort1532 wreaka1542 impeachment1548 inconveniency1553 indemnity1556 interestc1575 abuse1595 mischievance1600 oblesion1656 grit1876 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. v. vi. (Schipper) 576 Eala; hwæt þu me mycel yfel and lað dest mid þinre ærninge. c1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 74 Ðonne bið þæs innoðes sar settende & liðigende, þæt hit sona nænig lað ne bið. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8021 Nu þu most þat lað on-fon. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 76 Wo so dede hem wrong or lath,..He dede hem sone to hauen ricth. a1400 Sir Perc. 1935 To do that lady no lothe That pendid to velany. c1480 (a1400) St. Alexis 308 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 450 Þat na man did hyme lath. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 183 Harmes shall ye hent, And lothes you to lap. 2. Dislike, hatred, ill-will; in later use, in physical sense, disgust, loathing. Also to have in loath. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > [noun] evil willc897 leth971 loathc1175 atterness?c1225 ill1303 maltalentc1330 ill-willingnessa1340 talenta1380 malignityc1390 ill willa1400 fellnessc1410 malevolencec1454 malignation?c1500 hatefulness1548 malignance1605 malevolency1635 malignancy1640 reptilism1821 fiendism1852 unbenignity1867 the mind > emotion > hatred > dislike > [noun] loathc1175 unlikinga1398 mislovinga1500 scunner?a1513 misliking1563 recess1567 mislikea1569 quarrel1579 underliking1581 ill liking1586 disaffection1599 dyspathy1603 exception1604 aversation1612 disrelish1613 unrelishness1615 misaffection1621 averseness1622 distastefulnessa1625 disaffectedness1625 disrelishing1692 eloinmenta1763 unwantedness1955 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > ill will, malevolence > [noun] evil willc897 leth971 loathc1175 atterness?c1225 ill1303 maltalentc1330 ill-willingnessa1340 talenta1380 malignityc1390 ill willa1400 with hard (also sorry) gracec1405 malevolencec1454 malignation?c1500 malignitiesa1529 hatefulness1548 malignance1605 fiendishness1613 malevolency1635 malignancy1640 fellness1678 malevolentness1727 malignantness1727 reptilism1821 unbenignity1867 the mind > emotion > hatred > loathing or detestation > [noun] wlatingc725 wlatc960 ugginga1325 uglinessc1325 loathingc1340 abominationc1350 wlatsomenessc1380 wlatingness1382 fastidie?a1425 loathsomenessc1425 ugsomenessc1450 horribility1496 detestation1526 abhorring1528 dislikingc1540 fastidiousness1541 abhorfulness1556 fulsomeness1563 execration1570 abhorment1576 detesting1591 loath?1591 abhorrence1592 abhorrency1596 dislike1597 distaste1598 disgust1611 nausea1619 oppositeness1619 nauseousness1622 detest1638 wearisomeness1642 repugnance1643 odium1645 abhorrition1649 abominate1651 nausity1654 disdain1655 repugnancy1681 degoust1716 repulsion1751 self-repugnance1852 kick1893 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 157 Men schedden hate teres for laþe of þe worlde. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11887 To shildenn þe wiþþ all hiss laþ. a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 255 Ich mei..warnin ow of his lað. a1330 Otuel 603 Eyther forȝaf oþer his loþ. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 458 Be now lathe or lette, ryghte as þe thynkes. c1420 Chron. Vilod. st. 818 Ever bytwyne hem was hate & loth. ?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 89 Det michi modo ad potandum, And I forgif him laith and wraith. ?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament iv. sig. Q8 We are come to sic a loath, disdain, & offcasting of this heauenlie foode. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 387 If your horse..grow to a loath of his meate. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) 141 They are by experience found to breede loathe in the Birds. 1669 J. Flamsteed Let. 24 Nov. in Corr. (1995) I. 17 What then hath cast us behind them? not our want of wits, but loathe of pains. 1728 P. Walker Life A. Peden (1827) 113 O Scotland, many long and great shall thy Judgments be of all kinds..for Loth and Contempt of the Gospel. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online December 2021). loathlothadj.ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective] loathOE teenfulOE nithefulOE ondfula1200 maliciousa1250 doggedc1300 enviousc1330 venomousa1340 venoma1350 spitous?a1366 despitousc1374 heinous?a1400 unkindlya1400 venomyc1400 sinister1411 sputousc1420 doggish?a1425 cankered?a1439 doggya1450 sinistrous1460 spity1481 despiteful1488 spiteful1490 despiteous?1510 viperious?1510 peevisha1522 envyful1530 viperous1535 viperinec1540 vipered1560 bad-minded1588 uncanny1596 dogged-sprighted1600 toothsome1601 maliced1602 ill-minded1611 virulent1613 ill-hearteda1617 doleful1617 spitish1627 ill-meaning1633 splenial1641 litherlya1643 venomsome1660 slim1668 cat-witted1672 vipereal1750 viperish1755 méchant1813 vicious1825 maliceful1840 mean1841 waspish1855 viperian1866 viperan1877 cattish1883 catty1886 bad mind1904 bitchy1908 OE Beowulf 1505 Þæt heo þone fyrdhom ðurhfon ne mihte..laþan fingrum. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3811 He lengit not long in his lothe hate. a. Repulsive, unpleasant, hateful, loathsome. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [adjective] loatha700 eileOE andsetec1000 wlatfulc1230 aloathedc1275 wlatsomea1300 unhonest13.. wlata1325 hideousc1330 abominable1340 hatefula1382 hatesomea1382 abominablec1384 odiousa1387 fulsomec1390 accursedc1400 hatousc1400 rankc1400 hateablec1425 odiblec1425 ugsomec1425 wretchedc1430 loathsomec1440 loathfula1450 noisomea1450 abhominal1477 detestable1477 loathy1481 loathing?a1513 oppugnanta1513 irksome1513 hateworthy1548 abhorful1565 ugged1570 detestine1575 ulcerous1577 opposite1578 scandalous1592 offensive1594 obscene1597 ulcered1602 dirtya1616 abhorrent1628 toady1628 envious1630 repugnant1633 nauseating1645 nauseous1646 obnoxious1646 detestful1654 reluctant1663 horrid1666 abnoxious1682 devilish1692 invidious1710 repellent1776 repellant1780 sickening1789 toadish1822 carrion1826 ugging1839 cussed1853 repugnant1879 jerky1944 vomitous1952 barfy1957 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [adjective] > unpleasant loatha700 unsweetc890 grimlyc893 unquemeOE un-i-quemeOE evila1131 sourc1175 illc1220 unhightlyc1275 unwelcomec1325 unblithec1330 unnetc1330 unrekena1350 unagreeablec1374 uncouthc1380 unsavouryc1380 displeasantc1386 unlikinga1398 ungaina1400 crabbedc1400 unlovelyc1400 displeasing1401 eschewc1420 unsoot1420 mislikinga1425 unlikelya1425 unlustya1425 fastidiousc1425 unpleasantc1430 displicable1471 unthankfulc1475 displeasant1481 uneasy1483 unpleasinga1500 unfaring1513 badc1530 malpleasant?1533 noisome1542 thanklessa1547 ungrate1548 untoothsome1548 ungreeable1550 contrary1561 disagreeable1570 offensible1575 offensive1576 naughty1578 delightlessa1586 undelightful1585 unwisheda1586 unpleasurable1587 undelightsomec1595 dislikeful1596 disliking1596 ungrateful1596 unsweet?a1600 distastive1600 impleasing1602 distasting1603 distasteful1607 unsightly1608 undelectable1610 disgustful1611 unrelishing1611 waspisha1616 undeliciousa1618 unwished-for1617 disrelishing1631 unenjoyed1643 unjoyous1645 mirya1652 unwelcomed1651 unpleasivea1656 sweet1656 injucund1657 insuave1657 unpalatable1658 unhandsome1660 undesirable1667 disrelishablea1670 uncouthsome1684 shocking1703 nasty1705 embittering1746 indelectable1751 undelightinga1774 nice and ——1796 unenjoyablea1797 ungenial1796 uncomplacent1805 ungracious1807 bitter1810 rotten1813 uncongenial1813 quarrelsome1825 grimy1833 nice1836 unrelished1863 bloody1867 unbewitching1876 ferocious1877 displeasurable1879 rebarbative1892 charming1893 crook1898 naar1900 peppery1901 negative1902 poisonous1906 off-putting1935 unsympathetic1937 piggy1942 funky1946 umpty1948 pooey1967 minging1970 Scrooge-like1976 sucky1984 stank1991 stanky1991 a700 Epinal Gloss. 514 Ingratus, lath. OE Beowulf 134 Wæs þæt gewin to strang, lað ond longsum. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 71 And kep us from his waning þat laþe gast þet laðe þing. a1200 Moral Ode 283 Þer is þe loþe sathanas. c1220 Bestiary 458 Seftes sop ure seppande..leiðe and lodlike. c1300 Harrow. Hell 154 Bring ous of this lothe hous. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 369 And niðful neddre, loð an liðer, Sal gliden on hise brest neðer. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xv. 6 Þof þai seme laith & outkastynge. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7829 To dreri ded þat he be don, Laþer ded þan [printed þat] ani in lijf. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 29 Þenk on þe leyþ lazar was borne into Abraamus barme. c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 771 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 51 A fowle padow..þat wes laythe to se. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. x. 94 He was foule and layth to syght. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. ii. 128 But mair abaid, As was devisit, the laith worde furth braid. 1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. viii. 429 We should not take anie sure comfort till we haue..altered quite so loathe a life. 1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 155 Relaxment from loth prison strong. ΚΠ c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. x. §7 Swa lað wæs Pena folc Scipian..ðæt [etc.]. 11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. anno 1048 (Laud) Him wæs lað to amyrrene his agenne folgað. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 31 He his uniseli ȝif him is lað to donne þis. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 150 Þis un þeau..is þach of alle an laðest god. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3649 Þes tidende him wes læð [c1300 Otho loþ]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1996 Þe quike hire wes swa swiðe leoð [c1300 Otho loþ] þat [etc.]. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 119/454 Lothȝ vs were any-þing to don. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1102 To blam þe broiþer was þam laith. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1216 Hir was ysmaeles anger loð. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1255 Him loþ þouȝt no lenger to striue. c1386 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 41 For hym were looth byiaped for to be. c1420 Anturs of Arth. 432 To losse swylke a lordschipe me thynke it fulle laythe. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 1484 Here seruice to him was nat lothe. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xxii That is me loth said the knyght, but sythen I muste nedes I wille dresse me therto. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. Prol. 489 Bot laith me war, but other offence or cryme, Ane bruitell body suld intertrike my ryme. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [adjective] foulOE uglyc1386 malgraciousa1393 unsightlya1400 loathc1400 ouglec1415 shrewdc1430 unsightyc1440 unwholesome?a1500 evil-favoured1530 ill-favoured1530 uglisome1530 huggeda1533 hard-favoureda1535 evil-liking1535 ill-favorited1579 stigmatical1589 stigmatic1597 sightlessa1616 hard-featured1638 grislya1681 bad-looking1757 unmackly1765 unfavourable1776 dissightly1777 eyesore1798 wavelled1886 spiderly1891 Plain Jane1912 hackit1985 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xvii. 77 Þe wymmen er riȝt layth and ill araid. c1403 in W. G. Henderson Manuale & Processionale Ecclesiæ Eboracensis (1875) p. xvi I take the, N., to my wedded wyfe..to hold and to haue..for fayrer, for layther. 1484 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 162 (note) For farer for lather. 4. a. Averse, disinclined, reluctant, unwilling. Const. (†for) to with infinitive, also for (a person) to (do something), also with sentence as object; occasionally with of, to, unto, followed by a noun. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adjective] argha1000 slowOE unwillyc1200 sweera1300 unfain1338 loathc1374 dangerousc1386 eschewc1386 squeamous1387 obstinate?a1439 unpresta1500 ill-willing?1520 evil-willing1525 untowards1525 untowarda1530 unwilling1533 strange1548 ill-willed1549 dainty1553 relucting1553 squeamish?1553 nicea1560 loathful1561 coyish1566 coy1576 unhearty1583 costive1594 unready1595 tarrowinga1598 undisposed1597 involuntary1598 backward1600 retrograde1602 unpregnant1604 scrupulous1608 unprone1611 refractory1614 behindhanda1616 nilling1620 backwards1627 shya1628 retractable1632 reluctant1638 loughta1641 tendera1641 unapt1640 uninclinable1640 unbeteaming1642 boggling1645 averse1646 indisposed1646 aversant1657 incomposed1660 disinclined1703 unobliging1707 unconsenting1713 uninclined1729 tenacious1766 disinclinable1769 ill-disposed1771 unaffectioned1788 scruplesomec1800 back-handed1817 sweert1817 tharf1828 backward in coming forward1830 unvoluntary1834 misinclined1837 squeamy1838 balky1847 retractive1869 grudging1874 tharfish1876 unwishful1876 safety first1917 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. pr. iv. 27 She lyueth loþ of this lyf. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xxiv. 70 She fond the so dulle and soo lothe to hir wordes. a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) l. 27788 Wanhope..It makes a man lath for to lere. c1440 Bone Flor. 1126 The pope was not lothe To assoyle hym of hys othe. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) i. sig. Aij/2 Loothe to offende I purpose to saye somwhat vnder the correccyon of excellent lerned doctours. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxciii. 229 The whiche the erle of saynt Powle was lothe vnto. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 575 Full laith he wes..To put his honour in dame Fortonis handis. 1536 in J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. (1611) ix. xxi. 776/2 What king hath be lother to punish his Subjects. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. xciij The duke of Gloucester..beganne to waxe lothe of his supposed wife. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 702 He was..laith for to stynt. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. E. van Meteren in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 600 The residue shewed themselues unwilling and loath to depart. a1600 T. Deloney Pleasant Hist. Iohn Winchcomb (1619) vii. sig. Hiv The loather to speake, for that hee could speake but bad english. a1657 W. Mure Sonn. iii. 12 (S.T.S.) I. 49 No greif at all..Sall mack me ewer loath of my estait. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 7 Feb. (1974) VIII. 49 I..would be loath he should not do well. a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) i. ix. 22 His relations being lought to part with the estate they had got by his supposed death. 1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous ii. 91 You are loath to part with your old Prejudice. 1722 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iii. 169 She found him moderate, and loth to send her to prison. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 114 I am laith that she shou'd tyne. 1811 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 31 5 The Calvinists..are seen to be..loth to military service. 1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) ix. 113 Would be loath to risk a shilling of it. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner ix. 142 Lammeter isn't likely to be loth for his daughter to marry into my family. 1890 Sir A. Kekewich in Law Times Rep. 63 764/1 One is loth to believe the similarity is innocent and unintentional. b. without construction; sometimes quasi-adv. nothing loath: not at all unwilling. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [adjective] freeeOE well-willingOE readyc1175 fainc1275 buxoma1300 prestc1300 liefc1325 rifec1390 willyc1390 baina1400 willinga1400 listyc1440 towardc1440 appliable1449 pronea1450 wilfulc1460 prompt?a1475 content1477 towardly1513 contenteda1525 towards1525 fond1529 comingc1576 unrefusinga1586 open-armed1594 voluntary1598 gainsome1629 easy1653 unreluctant1654 nothing loath1667 applicable1702 irreluctanta1706 unhesitating1753 unloath1861 prone-minded1869 c1475 Lerne or be Lewde (Harl. 5086) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 9 To Lothe, ne to Lovyng, ne to Lyberalle of goode. 1608 G. Wilkins Painfull Adventures Pericles vi. sig. E3v To take a loth and sorrowfull departure of her. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1039 Her hand he seis'd, and to a shadie bank..He led her nothing loath . View more context for this quotation 1702 N. Rowe Tamerlane i. i. 406 As Wretches..Part with their Lives, unwilling, loth and fearful. 1813 W. Scott Rokeby v. i. 206 Thus aged men full loth and slow The vanities of life forego. 1836 J. H. Newman et al. Lyra Apost. 114 See in king's courts loth Jeremiah plead. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xi. 262 The children were nothing loth, for the house was splendid and the welcome kind enough. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 227 Give me permission to cry—Out of bed, You loth rheumatic sluggard! ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [adjective] loatha1250 unfain1338 ill-liking?a1400 sourc1450 unpleaseda1475 displeasant1485 discontentc1500 discontenteda1513 displeased1581 aggrieved1590 misapaid1614 unrelished1620 injured1634 misliked1641 undelighted1667 uneasya1715 untickled1736 uncharmed1757 disagreeable?c1785 displacent1859 chuffed1960 a1250 Prov. Ælfred 363 in Old Eng. Misc. 124 Þurh lesinge mon is loþ. 1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada i. i. i. 11 You are loath, That, like a perjur'd Prince, you broke your oath. 5. Used antithetically to lief, in senses 2, 4 See lief adj. 3, and quots. there given. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [adverb] unwillc893 uneathc900 unthankc960 latelyOE against a person's willa1225 loatha1340 grutchingly1340 at one's unthanksa1400 wandsomely?a1400 at (or again) one's unwillesc1400 uneathsa1425 unwilfully1435 invitec1450 tarrowinglyc1480 scantly1509 nicely1530 tarryingly1530 unwillingly?1531 loathly1547 faintly1548 evil-willingly1549 grudgingly1549 difficultly1551 loathsomely1561 dangerously1573 ill-willing1579 backwardlya1586 costively1598 with an ill will1601 with (a) bad (also ill) grace1614 sadly1622 tenderlya1628 reluctantly1646 shyly1701 uncheerfully1754 à contre-coeur1803 shrinkingly1817 retractatively1851 begrudgingly1853 forcibly1867 loathfully1887 tharfly1894 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxvi[i]. 1 Þe laghere is oure voice and þe lathere ere we herd. c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1185 (1234) Of þing ful ofte loth bygonne Cometh ende good. 7. loath to depart n. originally the tune of a song (probably containing those words) expressive of regret for departure; transferred any tune played as a farewell. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > specific song Greensleeves1584 loath to depart1584 up tails all1601 welcome song1681 Lillibullero1688 Hallelujah Chorus1775 alleluia chorus1819 knees up, Mother Brown1939 1584 R. Greene Arbasto 24 With that, she cast on me such a louing looke, as she seemed to play loth to depart. 1609 Ravenscroft's Deuteromelia in Chappell Pop. Mus. Old Time I. 173 Sing with thy mouth, sing with thy heart, Like faithful friends, sing Loath to depart. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 80 Yet againe returning to the Hive, with delightful melody singing a loath to depart, [they] invite all their Sisters to hasten apace, and wait upon their Queen now on her coronation day. 1855–7 W. Chappell Pop. Mus. Olden Time II. 708 It [sc. ‘The Girl I left behind me’] has also been played for at least seventy years, as a Loth-to-depart, when a man-of-war weighs anchor, and when a regiment quits the town in which it has been quartered. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Loath to depart, probably the first line of some favourite song; formerly the air was sounded in men-of-war, when going foreign, for the women and children to quit the ship. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c900adj.a700 |
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