lixiviateadj.n.

Brit.

/lɪkˈsɪvɪeɪt/, U.S.

/lɪkˈsɪviˌeɪt/

Forms: 1600s lixiviat, 1600s– lixivate (now rare), 1600s– lixiviate.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lixiviatus.

Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin lixiviatus (although this is first attested later: 1661 or earlier; compare earlier lixiviatio lixiviation n.), use as adjective of past participle of lixiviare lixiviate v. Compare earlier lixiviated adj. at lixiviate v. Derivatives. Compare also earlier lixivial adj. and lixivious adj.In form lixivate apparently after other adjectives ending in -vate (e.g. renovate adj.).

Now rare.

A. adj.

= lixivial adj. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [adjective] > of or relating to alkalis or bases

alkalic1405

lixival1649

lixivial1649

lixivious1655

alkalizate1658

lixiviate1658

alkalious1668

alkalous1670

alkalic1682

alkaline1682

lixivian1725

alkalinous1764

basic1846

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to lixiviation > obtained by

lixivial1649

lixivious1655

lixiviate1658

1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. 318 Their [sc. Salts'] Lixiviate Acrimony is somewhat hostile.

1680 R. Boyle Exper. & Notes Prodvcibleness Chymicall Princ. i. 32 in Sceptical Chymist (new ed.) Egyptian Niter being acknowledged to be a Native Salt..is yet of a lixiviate nature.

1719 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher III. xxviii. xi. 1043 A Lixiviate Salt will mix with Oyl, and turn it into Soap.

1802 Trans. Soc. Arts 20 217 The ultimate action of lixiviate salts on animal oils,..seems to be the same either with or without the medium of heat.

1980 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Oct. 776/2 Lixiviate salt was expensive.

B. n.

A lixivium; (formerly also) †an alkali (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > lye

lixivium1572

lixivy1598

lixive1606

lye1634

lixivial1662

lixiviate1677

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 41 The water turned..of..a brisk green colour, the Index of a lixiviate.

1791 E. Cullen tr. T. Bergman Physical & Chem. Ess. III. 412 The lixiviate thus prepared continued pure.

1826 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. (ed. 2) I. xii. 279 He..washed them in a lixiviate.

1913 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 176 376 Evaporate the lixiviate in shallow pans.

2013 K. Kennedy White & L. A. Duram Amer. Goes Green 576 The lixiviate is then separated from the uranium.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lixiviatev.

Brit.

/lɪkˈsɪvɪeɪt/, U.S.

/lɪkˈsɪviˌeɪt/

Forms: 1600s– lixiviate, 1700s– lixivate.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin lixiviat-, lixiviare.

Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin lixiviat-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of lixiviare (although this is first attested later: 1661 or earlier; compare earlier lixiviatio lixiviation n.) < classical Latin lixīvium lixivium n. Compare Old French, Middle French, French lessiver to wash with lye (c1300 as lisiver, subsequently from 1585), to leach (1701).In form lixivate apparently after other verbs ending in -vate (e.g. renovate v.).

†1. transitive. To impregnate with a lixivium or lye. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > treat or impregnate with specific substance

sig1581

camphor1607

water1625

lixiviate1646

camphorate1651

lantifya1652

camphorize1736

liquor1743

bituminate1799

methylate1851

salt1857

poach1873

resinate1891

vaseline1891

1646 [implied in: Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia epidemica iii. iii. 110 The salt and lixiviated serosity with some portion of choler. (at lixiviated adj. at Derivatives)].

1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum I. at Bleaching Having been thus lixiviated, they are again purg'd in the mill.

1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. ii. i. 153 He directs us to lixiviate the dressed hemp in a solution of soda.

1872 Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 165 The fabric has, therefore, to be lixiviated and bleached before being printed.

1925 U.S. Patent 1,567,264 1/1 The material is then ridded of its facing, rinsed and then lixiviated in boiling sodium carbonate.

2. transitive. To separate (a substance) into soluble and insoluble constituents by leaching with water or other liquid. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to lixiviation

mash1605

lixiviate1662

leach1839

1662 F. H. tr. J. Poleman Novum Lumen Medicum 10 Take therefore well purified Lixivial salt.., Calcine it strongly for the space of a day, then Lixiviate it again from the lime [Ger. lauge es hernach wieder aus].

1667 T. Henshaw in T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 270 Continue this Operation, till you have in the same manner lixiviated all the Earth.

1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 140 This coal when burnt falls into ashes, which being lixiviated with water [Fr. en la lessivant avec de l'eau], give a fixed alkali.

1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xxiv. 608 Collect some charcoal ashes from the crucible furnace and lixiviate them.

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 134 By lixiviating the saline soil over a filter of wood-ashes.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xl. 587 The alkaloids are usually extracted from plant tissues by lixiviating the finely-divided tissues with acidified water.

1994 W. R. Newman Gehennical Fire vi. 220 Vaughn interprets Agrippa's passage to mean that the subject of the philosophers' stone must be extracted from soil, calcined and lixiviated.

2001 Plant & Soil 229 316/1 A fraction of the inorganic carbon resulting from respiration was lixiviated in the percolating solutions.

3. transitive. figurative. To subject to a purifying or transforming influence.

ΚΠ

1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1826) VIII. 60 Churches, play-houses, coffee-houses, all alike are destined to be..well-sifted, and lixiviated, to crystallize into true, democratick, explosive, insurrectionary nitre.

1896 H. Prescott Spofford in Cosmopolitan Mar. 470/2 Her scrofulous and scorbutic son lixiviated by indulgence—had she much counteracting force to give?

1997 T. Pynchon Mason & Dixon 89 The slaves are out in the Storm..observing and reading each occurrence of Blood, Semen, Excrement,..and other such Data of Biography, whose pure form they practice Daily, before all is lixiviated 'neath Heaven.

Derivatives

liˈxiviated adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > [adjective] > treated with specific substance

lixiviated1646

salted1824

liquored1851

paraffined1869

paraffinized1888

fluorinated1892

vaselined1942

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to lixiviation > subjected to

lixiviated1839

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. iii. 110 The salt and lixiviated serosity with some portion of choler.

1794 G. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 84 391 The lixiviated carbonaceous matter being mixed with 300 grains of red oxyd of lead.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 329 The lixiviated gahröste mixed with from ¹/ ₄ to ¹/ ₅ of the lixiviated dünnsteinrost.

1951 Econ. Bot. 5 5/1 Lixiviated ash of rice straw is used as an antidote in arsenical poisoning.

2009 Jrnl. Glass Stud. 51 125/1 Cristallo was manufactured using a combination of lixiviated and unlixiviated ashes.

liˈxiviating n. (chiefly attributive)

ΚΠ

1727 R. Bradley Houghton's Coll. for Improvem. Husb. & Trade I. 66 The manner of warming, beating, roasting, browning, black-burning, calcining, (lixiviating) making of lee,..from that which is usually called animal.

1807 tr. J.-A.-C. Chaptal Chem. Arts & Manufactures IV. 60 Wood is the only material proper for the construction of lixiviating vessels.

1913 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 May 1052/1 No intermediate care as to mode of living is taken, or no lixiviating treatment followed.

2007 J. G. Ibanez et al. Environmental Chem. vi. 117/1 The pH of a system determines..the concentration of many dissolved chemical species in water.., supplied by weathering reactions, rain, runoff, and lixiviating processes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lixiviate
释义	lixiviateadj.n. Brit. /lɪkˈsɪvɪeɪt/, U.S. /lɪkˈsɪviˌeɪt/ Forms: 1600s lixiviat, 1600s– lixivate (now rare), 1600s– lixiviate. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin lixiviatus. Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin lixiviatus (although this is first attested later: 1661 or earlier; compare earlier lixiviatio lixiviation n.), use as adjective of past participle of lixiviare lixiviate v. Compare earlier lixiviated adj. at lixiviate v. Derivatives. Compare also earlier lixivial adj. and lixivious adj.In form lixivate apparently after other adjectives ending in -vate (e.g. renovate adj.). Now rare. A. adj. = lixivial adj. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > bases > [adjective] > of or relating to alkalis or bases alkalic1405 lixival1649 lixivial1649 lixivious1655 alkalizate1658 lixiviate1658 alkalious1668 alkalous1670 alkalic1682 alkaline1682 lixivian1725 alkalinous1764 basic1846 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to lixiviation > obtained by lixivial1649 lixivious1655 lixiviate1658 1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. 318 Their [sc. Salts'] Lixiviate Acrimony is somewhat hostile. 1680 R. Boyle Exper. & Notes Prodvcibleness Chymicall Princ. i. 32 in Sceptical Chymist (new ed.) Egyptian Niter being acknowledged to be a Native Salt..is yet of a lixiviate nature. 1719 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher III. xxviii. xi. 1043 A Lixiviate Salt will mix with Oyl, and turn it into Soap. 1802 Trans. Soc. Arts 20 217 The ultimate action of lixiviate salts on animal oils,..seems to be the same either with or without the medium of heat. 1980 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Oct. 776/2 Lixiviate salt was expensive. B. n. A lixivium; (formerly also) †an alkali (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > lye lixivium1572 lixivy1598 lixive1606 lye1634 lixivial1662 lixiviate1677 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 41 The water turned..of..a brisk green colour, the Index of a lixiviate. 1791 E. Cullen tr. T. Bergman Physical & Chem. Ess. III. 412 The lixiviate thus prepared continued pure. 1826 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. (ed. 2) I. xii. 279 He..washed them in a lixiviate. 1913 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 176 376 Evaporate the lixiviate in shallow pans. 2013 K. Kennedy White & L. A. Duram Amer. Goes Green 576 The lixiviate is then separated from the uranium. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lixiviatev. Brit. /lɪkˈsɪvɪeɪt/, U.S. /lɪkˈsɪviˌeɪt/ Forms: 1600s– lixiviate, 1700s– lixivate. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin lixiviat-, lixiviare. Etymology: Apparently < post-classical Latin lixiviat-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of lixiviare (although this is first attested later: 1661 or earlier; compare earlier lixiviatio lixiviation n.) < classical Latin lixīvium lixivium n. Compare Old French, Middle French, French lessiver to wash with lye (c1300 as lisiver, subsequently from 1585), to leach (1701).In form lixivate apparently after other verbs ending in -vate (e.g. renovate v.). †1. transitive. To impregnate with a lixivium or lye. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > treat or impregnate with specific substance sig1581 camphor1607 water1625 lixiviate1646 camphorate1651 lantifya1652 camphorize1736 liquor1743 bituminate1799 methylate1851 salt1857 poach1873 resinate1891 vaseline1891 1646 [implied in: Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia epidemica iii. iii. 110 The salt and lixiviated serosity with some portion of choler. (at lixiviated adj. at Derivatives)]. 1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum I. at Bleaching Having been thus lixiviated, they are again purg'd in the mill. 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. ii. i. 153 He directs us to lixiviate the dressed hemp in a solution of soda. 1872 Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 165 The fabric has, therefore, to be lixiviated and bleached before being printed. 1925 U.S. Patent 1,567,264 1/1 The material is then ridded of its facing, rinsed and then lixiviated in boiling sodium carbonate. 2. transitive. To separate (a substance) into soluble and insoluble constituents by leaching with water or other liquid. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to lixiviation mash1605 lixiviate1662 leach1839 1662 F. H. tr. J. Poleman Novum Lumen Medicum 10 Take therefore well purified Lixivial salt.., Calcine it strongly for the space of a day, then Lixiviate it again from the lime [Ger. lauge es hernach wieder aus]. 1667 T. Henshaw in T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 270 Continue this Operation, till you have in the same manner lixiviated all the Earth. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 140 This coal when burnt falls into ashes, which being lixiviated with water [Fr. en la lessivant avec de l'eau], give a fixed alkali. 1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xxiv. 608 Collect some charcoal ashes from the crucible furnace and lixiviate them. 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 134 By lixiviating the saline soil over a filter of wood-ashes. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xl. 587 The alkaloids are usually extracted from plant tissues by lixiviating the finely-divided tissues with acidified water. 1994 W. R. Newman Gehennical Fire vi. 220 Vaughn interprets Agrippa's passage to mean that the subject of the philosophers' stone must be extracted from soil, calcined and lixiviated. 2001 Plant & Soil 229 316/1 A fraction of the inorganic carbon resulting from respiration was lixiviated in the percolating solutions. 3. transitive. figurative. To subject to a purifying or transforming influence. ΚΠ 1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1826) VIII. 60 Churches, play-houses, coffee-houses, all alike are destined to be..well-sifted, and lixiviated, to crystallize into true, democratick, explosive, insurrectionary nitre. 1896 H. Prescott Spofford in Cosmopolitan Mar. 470/2 Her scrofulous and scorbutic son lixiviated by indulgence—had she much counteracting force to give? 1997 T. Pynchon Mason & Dixon 89 The slaves are out in the Storm..observing and reading each occurrence of Blood, Semen, Excrement,..and other such Data of Biography, whose pure form they practice Daily, before all is lixiviated 'neath Heaven. Derivatives liˈxiviated adj. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials having undergone process > [adjective] > treated with specific substance lixiviated1646 salted1824 liquored1851 paraffined1869 paraffinized1888 fluorinated1892 vaselined1942 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to lixiviation > subjected to lixiviated1839 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. iii. 110 The salt and lixiviated serosity with some portion of choler. 1794 G. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 84 391 The lixiviated carbonaceous matter being mixed with 300 grains of red oxyd of lead. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 329 The lixiviated gahröste mixed with from ¹/ ₄ to ¹/ ₅ of the lixiviated dünnsteinrost. 1951 Econ. Bot. 5 5/1 Lixiviated ash of rice straw is used as an antidote in arsenical poisoning. 2009 Jrnl. Glass Stud. 51 125/1 Cristallo was manufactured using a combination of lixiviated and unlixiviated ashes. liˈxiviating n. (chiefly attributive) ΚΠ 1727 R. Bradley Houghton's Coll. for Improvem. Husb. & Trade I. 66 The manner of warming, beating, roasting, browning, black-burning, calcining, (lixiviating) making of lee,..from that which is usually called animal. 1807 tr. J.-A.-C. Chaptal Chem. Arts & Manufactures IV. 60 Wood is the only material proper for the construction of lixiviating vessels. 1913 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 May 1052/1 No intermediate care as to mode of living is taken, or no lixiviating treatment followed. 2007 J. G. Ibanez et al. Environmental Chem. vi. 117/1 The pH of a system determines..the concentration of many dissolved chemical species in water.., supplied by weathering reactions, rain, runoff, and lixiviating processes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1658v.1646
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