Livorneseadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌlɪvɔːˈniːz/, U.S.

/ˌlɪvɔrˈniz/

Forms: 1600s Livorneze, 1700s– Livornese.

Origin: Either (i) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Or perhaps (ii) a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: proper name Livorno , -ese suffix; Italian Livornese.

Etymology: Either < Livorno (Italian Livorno ; < classical Latin Liburnus ), the name of an Italian city and seaport on the Ligurian Sea, on the western coast of Tuscany, about 50 miles (80 km) west of Florence + -ese suffix, or perhaps directly < Italian Livornese, noun and adjective (although this is first attested later: mid 18th cent. or earlier; < the name of Livorno + -ese -ese suffix).Livorno has traditionally been known in English by the name Leghorn , reflecting Italian †Legorno (1452), obsolete variant of Livorno (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier). Compare Leghorn n.

A. adj.

Of or relating to Livorno, its people, culture, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > in Italy > other cities or towns

Mantuan1538

fustianapes1550

Milanese1569

Genoway1603

trebuler1606

Pavian1633

Parthenopean1661

Modenese1693

Livornese1699

Genoese1741

Viennese1780

Sienese1814

Torinese1864

Assisian1870

Ferrarese1881

Padovan1893

Triestine1905

1699 A. Roberts Voy. Levant in W. Hacke Coll. Orig. Voy. iv. 3 The Captain having first beat the old Livorneze Gunner severely, who was a Man of 60 years of Age.

a1779 A. Hervey Jrnl. (1953) (modernized text) ii. 68 All that stuff subsisted more among the Livornese women than anywhere.

1808 Athenæum Aug. 139 She married Signor Morelli, a Livornese gentleman of excellent character.

1821 P. B. Shelley Let. 8 June (1964) II. 296 The dregs of the Livornese merchants, who sell board & lodging.

1912 N. Douglas Fountains in Sand vii. 78 The old distinction between Livornese and Tunisian Jews is slowly becoming effaced.

1996 J. I. Cope Secret Sharers in Ital. Comedy 160 The Livornese setting deflects (broadens) what must have been an ambivalent pride and shame about a dubious tradition.

2012 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 5 Sept. d6 His Italian menu, which does not reflect a particular region, is inventive, with dishes like..a cacciucco (or Livornese fish stew) served in a jar.

B. n.

A native or inhabitant of Livorno; (with the and plural agreement) Livornese people collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Italians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Italy > other Italian towns

Genowayc1400

Neapolitanc1425

Venetian1432

milliner1449

Milanese1484

Genevois1521

Genoeses1553

Pisan1559

Ferrarese1573

Florentine1591

Paduana1592

Amalfitan1600

Bergamask1602

Genovese1603

Genoan1608

Salernitan1608

Patavine1611

Vicentine1611

White Moors1617

Perugian1620

Genoesian1624

Lucchese1660

Veronese1673

Modenese1711

Pavian1712

Sienese1756

Patavinian1771

Livornese1789

Bolognese1818

Torinese1864

Assisian1870

Triestine1905

Luccan1911

Padovan1953

Cassinese1957

1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France II. 320 I..was introduced to a very pleasing-mannered Livornese, who spoke sweet Italian.

1819 P. B. Shelley Let. 17 Nov. (1964) II. 157 I long to..be an unworthy partaker in the glory of the astonishment of the Livornese when she [sc. a boat] returns from her cruise round Melloria.

1882 Harper's Mag. June 94/1 Even within my recollection, before the unity of Italy, Florentines spoke of the Livornese, or inhabitants of Leghorn, as foreigners, and in no friendly spirit.

1901 W. le Queux Gamblers xvii. 234 The girl, a tall, black-eyed Livornese,..was evidently a serving-maid.

1997 M.-C. Engels Merchants, Interlopers, Seamen & Corsairs i. 38 For some time the Livornese were even obliged to stay in their houses.

2010 Guardian (Nexis) 26 Nov. 39 When I was in Italy I was very aware of its diversity and, if anything, I saw myself more as a Livornese.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	livornese
释义	Livorneseadj.n. Brit. /ˌlɪvɔːˈniːz/, U.S. /ˌlɪvɔrˈniz/ Forms: 1600s Livorneze, 1700s– Livornese. Origin: Either (i) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Or perhaps (ii) a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: proper name Livorno , -ese suffix; Italian Livornese. Etymology: Either < Livorno (Italian Livorno ; < classical Latin Liburnus ), the name of an Italian city and seaport on the Ligurian Sea, on the western coast of Tuscany, about 50 miles (80 km) west of Florence + -ese suffix, or perhaps directly < Italian Livornese, noun and adjective (although this is first attested later: mid 18th cent. or earlier; < the name of Livorno + -ese -ese suffix).Livorno has traditionally been known in English by the name Leghorn , reflecting Italian †Legorno (1452), obsolete variant of Livorno (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier). Compare Leghorn n. A. adj. Of or relating to Livorno, its people, culture, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > in Italy > other cities or towns Mantuan1538 fustianapes1550 Milanese1569 Genoway1603 trebuler1606 Pavian1633 Parthenopean1661 Modenese1693 Livornese1699 Genoese1741 Viennese1780 Sienese1814 Torinese1864 Assisian1870 Ferrarese1881 Padovan1893 Triestine1905 1699 A. Roberts Voy. Levant in W. Hacke Coll. Orig. Voy. iv. 3 The Captain having first beat the old Livorneze Gunner severely, who was a Man of 60 years of Age. a1779 A. Hervey Jrnl. (1953) (modernized text) ii. 68 All that stuff subsisted more among the Livornese women than anywhere. 1808 Athenæum Aug. 139 She married Signor Morelli, a Livornese gentleman of excellent character. 1821 P. B. Shelley Let. 8 June (1964) II. 296 The dregs of the Livornese merchants, who sell board & lodging. 1912 N. Douglas Fountains in Sand vii. 78 The old distinction between Livornese and Tunisian Jews is slowly becoming effaced. 1996 J. I. Cope Secret Sharers in Ital. Comedy 160 The Livornese setting deflects (broadens) what must have been an ambivalent pride and shame about a dubious tradition. 2012 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 5 Sept. d6 His Italian menu, which does not reflect a particular region, is inventive, with dishes like..a cacciucco (or Livornese fish stew) served in a jar. B. n. A native or inhabitant of Livorno; (with the and plural agreement) Livornese people collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Italians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Italy > other Italian towns Genowayc1400 Neapolitanc1425 Venetian1432 milliner1449 Milanese1484 Genevois1521 Genoeses1553 Pisan1559 Ferrarese1573 Florentine1591 Paduana1592 Amalfitan1600 Bergamask1602 Genovese1603 Genoan1608 Salernitan1608 Patavine1611 Vicentine1611 White Moors1617 Perugian1620 Genoesian1624 Lucchese1660 Veronese1673 Modenese1711 Pavian1712 Sienese1756 Patavinian1771 Livornese1789 Bolognese1818 Torinese1864 Assisian1870 Triestine1905 Luccan1911 Padovan1953 Cassinese1957 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France II. 320 I..was introduced to a very pleasing-mannered Livornese, who spoke sweet Italian. 1819 P. B. Shelley Let. 17 Nov. (1964) II. 157 I long to..be an unworthy partaker in the glory of the astonishment of the Livornese when she [sc. a boat] returns from her cruise round Melloria. 1882 Harper's Mag. June 94/1 Even within my recollection, before the unity of Italy, Florentines spoke of the Livornese, or inhabitants of Leghorn, as foreigners, and in no friendly spirit. 1901 W. le Queux Gamblers xvii. 234 The girl, a tall, black-eyed Livornese,..was evidently a serving-maid. 1997 M.-C. Engels Merchants, Interlopers, Seamen & Corsairs i. 38 For some time the Livornese were even obliged to stay in their houses. 2010 Guardian (Nexis) 26 Nov. 39 When I was in Italy I was very aware of its diversity and, if anything, I saw myself more as a Livornese. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1699
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