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单词 livornese
释义

Livorneseadj.n.

Brit. /ˌlɪvɔːˈniːz/, U.S. /ˌlɪvɔrˈniz/
Forms: 1600s Livorneze, 1700s– Livornese.
Origin: Either (i) from a proper name, combined with an English element. Or perhaps (ii) a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: proper name Livorno , -ese suffix; Italian Livornese.
Etymology: Either < Livorno (Italian Livorno ; < classical Latin Liburnus ), the name of an Italian city and seaport on the Ligurian Sea, on the western coast of Tuscany, about 50 miles (80 km) west of Florence + -ese suffix, or perhaps directly < Italian Livornese, noun and adjective (although this is first attested later: mid 18th cent. or earlier; < the name of Livorno + -ese -ese suffix).Livorno has traditionally been known in English by the name Leghorn , reflecting Italian †Legorno (1452), obsolete variant of Livorno (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier). Compare Leghorn n.
A. adj.
Of or relating to Livorno, its people, culture, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > in Italy > other cities or towns
Mantuan1538
fustianapes1550
Milanese1569
Genoway1603
trebuler1606
Pavian1633
Parthenopean1661
Modenese1693
Livornese1699
Genoese1741
Viennese1780
Sienese1814
Torinese1864
Assisian1870
Ferrarese1881
Padovan1893
Triestine1905
1699 A. Roberts Voy. Levant in W. Hacke Coll. Orig. Voy. iv. 3 The Captain having first beat the old Livorneze Gunner severely, who was a Man of 60 years of Age.
a1779 A. Hervey Jrnl. (1953) (modernized text) ii. 68 All that stuff subsisted more among the Livornese women than anywhere.
1808 Athenæum Aug. 139 She married Signor Morelli, a Livornese gentleman of excellent character.
1821 P. B. Shelley Let. 8 June (1964) II. 296 The dregs of the Livornese merchants, who sell board & lodging.
1912 N. Douglas Fountains in Sand vii. 78 The old distinction between Livornese and Tunisian Jews is slowly becoming effaced.
1996 J. I. Cope Secret Sharers in Ital. Comedy 160 The Livornese setting deflects (broadens) what must have been an ambivalent pride and shame about a dubious tradition.
2012 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 5 Sept. d6 His Italian menu, which does not reflect a particular region, is inventive, with dishes like..a cacciucco (or Livornese fish stew) served in a jar.
B. n.
A native or inhabitant of Livorno; (with the and plural agreement) Livornese people collectively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Italians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Italy > other Italian towns
Genowayc1400
Neapolitanc1425
Venetian1432
milliner1449
Milanese1484
Genevois1521
Genoeses1553
Pisan1559
Ferrarese1573
Florentine1591
Paduana1592
Amalfitan1600
Bergamask1602
Genovese1603
Genoan1608
Salernitan1608
Patavine1611
Vicentine1611
White Moors1617
Perugian1620
Genoesian1624
Lucchese1660
Veronese1673
Modenese1711
Pavian1712
Sienese1756
Patavinian1771
Livornese1789
Bolognese1818
Torinese1864
Assisian1870
Triestine1905
Luccan1911
Padovan1953
Cassinese1957
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France II. 320 I..was introduced to a very pleasing-mannered Livornese, who spoke sweet Italian.
1819 P. B. Shelley Let. 17 Nov. (1964) II. 157 I long to..be an unworthy partaker in the glory of the astonishment of the Livornese when she [sc. a boat] returns from her cruise round Melloria.
1882 Harper's Mag. June 94/1 Even within my recollection, before the unity of Italy, Florentines spoke of the Livornese, or inhabitants of Leghorn, as foreigners, and in no friendly spirit.
1901 W. le Queux Gamblers xvii. 234 The girl, a tall, black-eyed Livornese,..was evidently a serving-maid.
1997 M.-C. Engels Merchants, Interlopers, Seamen & Corsairs i. 38 For some time the Livornese were even obliged to stay in their houses.
2010 Guardian (Nexis) 26 Nov. 39 When I was in Italy I was very aware of its diversity and, if anything, I saw myself more as a Livornese.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1699
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