athleten.

Brit.

/ˈaθliːt/, U.S.

/ˈæθ(ə)ˌlit/

Forms:

α. late Middle English athletez (plural), 1500s– athlete, 1900s– athelete (U.S. regional).

β. 1600s–1800s athleta; plural 1500s–1600s athlete, 1600s–1800s athletae.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin āthlēta; French athlete.

Etymology: < classical Latin āthlēta competitor in public games, (specifically) wrestler, in post-classical Latin also saint, martyr (5th cent.) < ancient Greek ἀθλητής competitor in public games, in Byzantine Greek also Christian martyr (4th cent.) < ἀθλεῖν to contend for a prize ( < either ἆθλος (Ionic ἄεθλος) contest or ἆθλον (Ionic ἄεθλον) prize, of unknown origin) + -τής, suffix forming agent nouns. In later use probably sometimes via Middle French athlete, French athlète physically strong person (1480), competitor in ancient public games (1495), competitor in any sporting event (1611 in Cotgrave). Compare Spanish atleta (16th cent.), Portuguese atleta (a1566), Italian atleta (1321), German Athlet (1531).In plural forms athletae, athlete at β. forms after the Latin plural form athletae, in post-classical Latin also athlete.

a. In early use: a competitor in public games, participating in any of various individual sporting events, such as running, jumping, boxing, and wrestling (chiefly historical, esp. with reference to the games held in ancient Greece and Rome). In later use more generally: a competitor in any sporting event that requires physical skill, strength, endurance, etc.; spec. (in English-speaking areas outside North America) one who competes in track and field events (see athletics n. 2).field, track, weekend, wheelchair athlete, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > contender for prizes

athlete?a1425

agonist1623

pot-hunter1874

mug hunter1883

finalist1898

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > [noun] > wrestler

wrestlerc1050

athlete1585

palaestrian1599

warsler1820

matman1923

chanty wrastler1954

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > athlete > ancient Greek or Roman

Olympian1609

athlete1740

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > track athletics > athlete

playmanOE

game-player1533

track athlete1888

trackster1974

athlete2006

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66^v (MED) Bi experience of athletez [L. atletharum] i. wristlers.

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. E iij b Porke..nourisheth mooste: wherof those that be called athlete haue beste experience.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. x. f. 86 The Turke hath obserued the Palester of the Athletes, which is too say, the wrestling, being very neare like vnto the old custom of the Greekes, Asians, & Romans.

1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course iii. f. 29^v Gymnasts, pedotribes, athletes..for the exercise of the bodie.

1610 G. Marcelline Triumphs King James sig. B2^v Do you beat downe the insolence of these rash headed Athletes, or malepart Champions.

1683 W. Cave Ecclesiastici 235 A Bishop, not an Athleta or Champion.

1740 P. Delany Hist. Acct. Life & Reign David I. v. 45 Dioxippus the Athenian Athlete.

1833 N. Amer. Mag. May 9 I beheld all the athletes of the country for miles around engaged in their various sports... Some were wrestling, others jumping, others running, and others pitching quoits.

1863 W. C. Bryant Thirty Poems 92 But where the combatant, With his bare arms, the strong athleta where?

1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 125 Colour, a handkerchief worn by each of the supporters of a professional athlete on the day of a match.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 709/1 The American national championship was instituted in 1884, the winner being the athlete who succeeds in obtaining the highest marks in the following eleven events; 100 yards run; putting 16 lb shot; running high jump; [etc.].

1943 H. W. Malloch Fellows All 99 Christesen is a University ‘blue’ and State and all-State champion athlete and footballer.

1970 P. Axthelm City Game iii. 27 While some modern players have rebelled.., McGuire's athletes have adapted well to his disciplined style on offense.

2006 Athletics Weekly 14 Dec. 32/4 An athlete who..leads England to cross-country team gold.

b. A person who (naturally or through training) has the traits required for proficiency in sports and other forms of physical exercise; one is physically strong, fit, and active.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > athlete

gamer1564

athletic1682

athlete1822

gymnasiarch1825

weekend athlete1941

thin-clad1947

Olympian1977

1822 Examiner 26 May 332/1 [Michaelangelo's statue of Moses looks] more like an extraordinary sized Athleta collecting all his powers of body..for combating some distinguished antagonist.

1827 W. Scott Diary 17 Jan. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) VII. i. 23 He was a little man, dumpled up together..Though so little of an athlete, he nevertheless beat off Dr. Wolcott.

1881 C. Phillipps-Wolley Sport in Crimea 280 The jump..was easily within the powers of the most third-rate athlete.

1926 T. K. Fisher Ice Hockey ii. 12 A good goal-tender should be an alert and agile athlete.

1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon ix. 138 He had always been a brilliant natural athlete, excelling at almost every game and track event in which he took part.

2011 Daily Mail (Nexis) 21 Mar. Gareth Bale can do everything, he can even take long throw-ins. He's an athlete, but we don't want him running 60 yards every time.

2. figurative. A person who is strong in an area that requires intellectual skill, esp. one who competes well or successfully.In quot. 1759: a difficult set of circumstances, considered as an adversary to be overcome.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > high intelligence, genius > [noun] > person of superior intellect, genius

wit1508

angel1655

eagle wit1661

genie1676

prodigya1684

genio1684

mastermind1692

genius1711

athlete1759

the brain(s)1844

master-brain1857

gaon1892

supermind1903

poindexter1981

dexter1985

1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments i. §iv. iii. 132 Having opposed to him a vigorous athlete, over whom..the victory was more glorious, and equally certain.

1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 32/2 Poetry..is the first exercise in which the young athletæ of intellect try their strength.

1863 Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 333/2 In the letters of a terrible athlete of Reason,..the natural immediate effect of the Bishop's book may be observed.

1876 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. (1879) 470 The long-proved athletes of debate.

1901 Checkmate July 106/2 Here is a little gentleman we must not fail to accost, one of our chess athletes, D. Eugene Delmar.

1989 European Investor Feb. 8/3 The example set by business ‘athletes’ such as De Benedetti and the Benetton family.

Compounds

C1.

athlete heart n. = athlete's heart n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1971 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 81 30 (table) Athlete heart.

1986 Jrnl. Amer. College Cardiol. 7 190/1 The ‘athlete heart’ is a term that has been used for many years by physicians and laymen to describe the cardiovascular effects of long-term conditioning observed in highly trained competitive athletes.

2007 Jrnl. Sci. & Med. in Sport 10 227 It was not possible to discern with certainty whether the wall thickening was a manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or secondary to athletic conditioning (‘athlete heart’).

C2. In the genitive.

athlete's foot n. superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the foot, typically producing small, itchy vesicles and erosions between the toes, and often also involving the nails. [Compare French pied d'athlète (1940 or earlier), Spanish pie de atleta (1942 or earlier), Italian piede d'atleta (1943 or earlier).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > ring-worm or favus

achorOE

scalled-head1340

motha1398

tinea1398

serpigoc1400

ringworma1425

scald1561

tetterworm1622

surpeguea1632

serpentine1639

scald head1673

favus1706

honeycomb scall1817

dhobie itch1890

trichophytosis1890

scaly ringworm1898

whitehead1911

athlete's foot1928

1928 Literary Digest 22 Dec. 16/1 Athlete's foot..from which more than ten million persons in the United States are now suffering.

1958 Life 19 May 102/1 (advt.) Raw, red cracks between the toes, itching or peeling are the first signs you've got Athlete's Foot.

2002 Maxim June 184/5 If you start itching, especially between the fourth and fifth toe, chances are you've got athlete's foot which thrives in warm, damp environments.

athlete's heart n. [compare slightly earlier athletic heart n. at athletic adj. and n. Compounds 2] a physiological condition (originally believed to be pathological) characterized by structural and functional changes in the heart, esp. reversible left ventricular hypertrophy, associated with long-term sports training; (also) a heart affected by this.In quot. 1892, used spec. for the condition resulting from incompetence of the aortic valve.

ΚΠ

1892 W. Osler Princ. & Pract. Med. 602 So often is this form of heart-disease found in persons devoted to athletics that it is sometimes called ‘the athlete's heart’.

1916 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 867/1 It may mean that the heart has become too big for its job, as when an ‘athlete's heart’, trained to push a big stream of blood, keeps on trying to do so when the demands of office work do not require it.

1931 Jrnl. Med. 24 339 The term ‘athlete's heart’—signifying an enlarged heart resulting from athletics—is still far too common in medical parlance.

1976 Leicester Mercury 16 July 12/3 ‘Athlete's heart’ was a term widely used in the 20s and 30s to indicate the presence in an athlete of an enlarged heart which was thought to be unhealthy.

2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 12 Dec. b13/3 Mobley believed he merely had an enlarged heart, or ‘athlete's heart’, which can be a benign condition.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	athlete
释义	athleten. Brit. /ˈaθliːt/, U.S. /ˈæθ(ə)ˌlit/ Forms: α. late Middle English athletez (plural), 1500s– athlete, 1900s– athelete (U.S. regional). β. 1600s–1800s athleta; plural 1500s–1600s athlete, 1600s–1800s athletae. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin āthlēta; French athlete. Etymology: < classical Latin āthlēta competitor in public games, (specifically) wrestler, in post-classical Latin also saint, martyr (5th cent.) < ancient Greek ἀθλητής competitor in public games, in Byzantine Greek also Christian martyr (4th cent.) < ἀθλεῖν to contend for a prize ( < either ἆθλος (Ionic ἄεθλος) contest or ἆθλον (Ionic ἄεθλον) prize, of unknown origin) + -τής, suffix forming agent nouns. In later use probably sometimes via Middle French athlete, French athlète physically strong person (1480), competitor in ancient public games (1495), competitor in any sporting event (1611 in Cotgrave). Compare Spanish atleta (16th cent.), Portuguese atleta (a1566), Italian atleta (1321), German Athlet (1531).In plural forms athletae, athlete at β. forms after the Latin plural form athletae, in post-classical Latin also athlete. 1. a. In early use: a competitor in public games, participating in any of various individual sporting events, such as running, jumping, boxing, and wrestling (chiefly historical, esp. with reference to the games held in ancient Greece and Rome). In later use more generally: a competitor in any sporting event that requires physical skill, strength, endurance, etc.; spec. (in English-speaking areas outside North America) one who competes in track and field events (see athletics n. 2).field, track, weekend, wheelchair athlete, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > contender for prizes athlete?a1425 agonist1623 pot-hunter1874 mug hunter1883 finalist1898 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > [noun] > wrestler wrestlerc1050 athlete1585 palaestrian1599 warsler1820 matman1923 chanty wrastler1954 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > athlete > ancient Greek or Roman Olympian1609 athlete1740 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > track athletics > athlete playmanOE game-player1533 track athlete1888 trackster1974 athlete2006 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 66^v (MED) Bi experience of athletez [L. atletharum] i. wristlers. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. E iij b Porke..nourisheth mooste: wherof those that be called athlete haue beste experience. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. x. f. 86 The Turke hath obserued the Palester of the Athletes, which is too say, the wrestling, being very neare like vnto the old custom of the Greekes, Asians, & Romans. 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course iii. f. 29^v Gymnasts, pedotribes, athletes..for the exercise of the bodie. 1610 G. Marcelline Triumphs King James sig. B2^v Do you beat downe the insolence of these rash headed Athletes, or malepart Champions. 1683 W. Cave Ecclesiastici 235 A Bishop, not an Athleta or Champion. 1740 P. Delany Hist. Acct. Life & Reign David I. v. 45 Dioxippus the Athenian Athlete. 1833 N. Amer. Mag. May 9 I beheld all the athletes of the country for miles around engaged in their various sports... Some were wrestling, others jumping, others running, and others pitching quoits. 1863 W. C. Bryant Thirty Poems 92 But where the combatant, With his bare arms, the strong athleta where? 1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 125 Colour, a handkerchief worn by each of the supporters of a professional athlete on the day of a match. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 709/1 The American national championship was instituted in 1884, the winner being the athlete who succeeds in obtaining the highest marks in the following eleven events; 100 yards run; putting 16 lb shot; running high jump; [etc.]. 1943 H. W. Malloch Fellows All 99 Christesen is a University ‘blue’ and State and all-State champion athlete and footballer. 1970 P. Axthelm City Game iii. 27 While some modern players have rebelled.., McGuire's athletes have adapted well to his disciplined style on offense. 2006 Athletics Weekly 14 Dec. 32/4 An athlete who..leads England to cross-country team gold. b. A person who (naturally or through training) has the traits required for proficiency in sports and other forms of physical exercise; one is physically strong, fit, and active. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > athlete gamer1564 athletic1682 athlete1822 gymnasiarch1825 weekend athlete1941 thin-clad1947 Olympian1977 1822 Examiner 26 May 332/1 [Michaelangelo's statue of Moses looks] more like an extraordinary sized Athleta collecting all his powers of body..for combating some distinguished antagonist. 1827 W. Scott Diary 17 Jan. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) VII. i. 23 He was a little man, dumpled up together..Though so little of an athlete, he nevertheless beat off Dr. Wolcott. 1881 C. Phillipps-Wolley Sport in Crimea 280 The jump..was easily within the powers of the most third-rate athlete. 1926 T. K. Fisher Ice Hockey ii. 12 A good goal-tender should be an alert and agile athlete. 1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon ix. 138 He had always been a brilliant natural athlete, excelling at almost every game and track event in which he took part. 2011 Daily Mail (Nexis) 21 Mar. Gareth Bale can do everything, he can even take long throw-ins. He's an athlete, but we don't want him running 60 yards every time. 2. figurative. A person who is strong in an area that requires intellectual skill, esp. one who competes well or successfully.In quot. 1759: a difficult set of circumstances, considered as an adversary to be overcome. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > high intelligence, genius > [noun] > person of superior intellect, genius wit1508 angel1655 eagle wit1661 genie1676 prodigya1684 genio1684 mastermind1692 genius1711 athlete1759 the brain(s)1844 master-brain1857 gaon1892 supermind1903 poindexter1981 dexter1985 1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments i. §iv. iii. 132 Having opposed to him a vigorous athlete, over whom..the victory was more glorious, and equally certain. 1826 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 32/2 Poetry..is the first exercise in which the young athletæ of intellect try their strength. 1863 Macmillan's Mag. Feb. 333/2 In the letters of a terrible athlete of Reason,..the natural immediate effect of the Bishop's book may be observed. 1876 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. (1879) 470 The long-proved athletes of debate. 1901 Checkmate July 106/2 Here is a little gentleman we must not fail to accost, one of our chess athletes, D. Eugene Delmar. 1989 European Investor Feb. 8/3 The example set by business ‘athletes’ such as De Benedetti and the Benetton family. Compounds C1. athlete heart n. = athlete's heart n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1971 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 81 30 (table) Athlete heart. 1986 Jrnl. Amer. College Cardiol. 7 190/1 The ‘athlete heart’ is a term that has been used for many years by physicians and laymen to describe the cardiovascular effects of long-term conditioning observed in highly trained competitive athletes. 2007 Jrnl. Sci. & Med. in Sport 10 227 It was not possible to discern with certainty whether the wall thickening was a manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or secondary to athletic conditioning (‘athlete heart’). C2. In the genitive. athlete's foot n. superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the foot, typically producing small, itchy vesicles and erosions between the toes, and often also involving the nails. [Compare French pied d'athlète (1940 or earlier), Spanish pie de atleta (1942 or earlier), Italian piede d'atleta (1943 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > ring-worm or favus achorOE scalled-head1340 motha1398 tinea1398 serpigoc1400 ringworma1425 scald1561 tetterworm1622 surpeguea1632 serpentine1639 scald head1673 favus1706 honeycomb scall1817 dhobie itch1890 trichophytosis1890 scaly ringworm1898 whitehead1911 athlete's foot1928 1928 Literary Digest 22 Dec. 16/1 Athlete's foot..from which more than ten million persons in the United States are now suffering. 1958 Life 19 May 102/1 (advt.) Raw, red cracks between the toes, itching or peeling are the first signs you've got Athlete's Foot. 2002 Maxim June 184/5 If you start itching, especially between the fourth and fifth toe, chances are you've got athlete's foot which thrives in warm, damp environments. athlete's heart n. [compare slightly earlier athletic heart n. at athletic adj. and n. Compounds 2] a physiological condition (originally believed to be pathological) characterized by structural and functional changes in the heart, esp. reversible left ventricular hypertrophy, associated with long-term sports training; (also) a heart affected by this.In quot. 1892, used spec. for the condition resulting from incompetence of the aortic valve. ΚΠ 1892 W. Osler Princ. & Pract. Med. 602 So often is this form of heart-disease found in persons devoted to athletics that it is sometimes called ‘the athlete's heart’. 1916 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 867/1 It may mean that the heart has become too big for its job, as when an ‘athlete's heart’, trained to push a big stream of blood, keeps on trying to do so when the demands of office work do not require it. 1931 Jrnl. Med. 24 339 The term ‘athlete's heart’—signifying an enlarged heart resulting from athletics—is still far too common in medical parlance. 1976 Leicester Mercury 16 July 12/3 ‘Athlete's heart’ was a term widely used in the 20s and 30s to indicate the presence in an athlete of an enlarged heart which was thought to be unhealthy. 2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 12 Dec. b13/3 Mobley believed he merely had an enlarged heart, or ‘athlete's heart’, which can be a benign condition. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
随便看	acid-wash acid-washed acidaemia acidanthera acidantheras acidcatalysed acideating acidemia acidemias acider acidest acidetched acidfast acidfastness acidforming acidfree acidfried acidhued acidic acidiferous acidifiable acidifiant acidific acidification acidifications