1881 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 72 In diabetes the blood often has a slightly milky appearance from an increased amount of fat. This condition of the blood has been called lipaemia.

1915 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 23 317 Alimentary lipemia is due to nothing more than the addition of these glycerides.

1961 Lancet 26 Aug. 492/2 After fat ingestion, visible lipæmia normally reaches a maximum in about four hours.

1906 Bio-Chem. Jrnl. 2 22 Case XV, also not lipaemic, was allowed a fat-rich diet, but five days later the lipaemic condition was absent, and has remained so.

1961 Lancet 26 Aug. 492/2 Sera from 10 patients..were visibly lipæmic before sodium d-thyroxine was given.

1960 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 37 314 The turnover numbers at 25° vary from 1000 with dl-lipoic acid to about 80,000 with dl- lipoamide.

1972 Zeitschr. f. Physiol. Chem. CCCLIII. 875/2 We measured the overall reaction of the multi~enzyme complex.., the decarboxylase and the lipoamide oxidoreductase.

1954 V. H. Cheldelin in Sebrell & Harris Vitamins III. xviii. 580 The cyclic disulfide may react to produce an acyl lipoate.

1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry xi. 215 The oxidizing agent is a coenzyme containing a disulfide bond, lipoate, which is attached to a lysyl residue in the peptide chain of transsuccinylase.

1936 L. R. Dragstedt et al. in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CXVII. 180 We have chosen the name ‘lipocaic’ for this substance. It is derived from the Greek words ‘λιπος’, ‘fat’ and ‘καιω’, ‘I burn’. A more general term suggesting that the hormone plays a rôle in the utilization of fat was sought but without success.

1955 H. J. Deuel Lipids II. vi. 672 A number of facts lead one to question whether or not lipocaic can be classified as a hormone in the usual sense of the word.

1936 Biol. Abstr. 10 219 During differentiation the cells..are relatively small..; ergastoplasm is absent and the reserve material consists of yolk globules and lipochondria.

1946 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 101 361 Apart from finding yolk, pigment granules, and mitochondria, these workers [sc. Ries and Fischer] observed large osmiophilic fat granules... These elements were called lipochondria.

1946 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 101 374 In the following discussion, while being aware of the arbitrariness of the choice, the term ‘lipochondria’ will be used as an alternative for ‘lipoprotein bodies’. Their conversion product, the fat droplets, may be termed ‘liposomes’.

1950 J. R. Baker in Proc. Linn. Soc. CLXII. 71 Since the particular artifact studied by Golgi represents so badly what is actually present in the living cytoplasm, it no longer seems desirable to connect the great neurologist's name with this cellular constituent. A descriptive name is surely preferable. Ries's name ‘Lipochondrien’ (Ries, 1935) is convenient, but a Greek ending is more suitable for a word that must be used internationally, I therefore suggest lipochondrion (plural lipochondria).

1968 S. M. McGee-Russell & K. F. A. Ross Cell Struct. xxvi. 351 The lipid inclusions of amphibian embryo cells have been studied by Holtfreter and Karasaki. Holtfreter called the larger bodies liposomes, and the small ones lipochondria.

1971 Acta Embryol. Exper. 43 (heading) The cytoplasmic inclusions of the salamander oocyte. III. Lipochondria.

1946 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 101 390 Only lipochondrial substances were involved.

1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 420/2 A red pigment of the lipochrome series.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life 180 The [blood] plasma contains haemocyanin and a red lutein, or lipochrome.

1924 J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xxxvii. 211 In some trout..the flesh has a pinkish colour, which is due to oily globules tinged with a ruddy fat-pigment or lipochrome.

1951 H. J. Deuel Lipids I. vi. 511 The term lipochrome was proposed by Krukenberg to cover a number of animal and plant pigments which had been known by such diverse names as luteins, carotin, zoonerythrin, tetronerythrin, chlorophane, xanthophane, and rhodophane. Although this designation was originally limited to pigments with yellow or reddish tints, by implication it obviously should include any fat-soluble pigment such as chlorophyll.

1923 Chem. Abstr. 17 1667 Lipofuscin is not limited to ectodermal cells, although it is found there chiefly.

1928 Amer. Jrnl. Pathol. 4 293 The pigment present in these last organs..is a yellow to brown granular substance which is frequently tinged with fat stains, and therefore has been called lipochrome in this country, and lipofuscin in Germany. These two names are used to designate the substance in most English and American literature, but they actually represent different pigments.

1964 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 2 408 Another brown pigment [in the echinoderm Diadema] appears to be a lipofuscin.

1968 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xiii. 16/1 Lipofuscin, one of the commonest cellular pigments, is known by a variety of names (wear and tear pigment, haemofuscin, lipochrome, brown atrophy and age pigment), a selection which demonstrates its complexity as well as ignorance of its function, and indicates that it contains some lipid and some iron.

1882 R. Quain Dict. Med. 1052/1 The current views on lipogenesis or fat-formation.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 308 They are often obese, and hence the name ‘lipogenic glycosuria’ has been used in these cases.

1872 J. L. W. Thudichum Man. Chem. Physiol. 24 This particular form of fatty acid emulsion occurs in lipohæmia.

1951 L. J. Reed et al. in Science 27 July 93/2 This work has led to the obtaining of a crystalline compound from processed insoluble liver residues, which is highly active for the growth of Streptococcus lactis in the absence of acetate... This compound is being called α-lipoic acid.

1951 L. J. Reed et al. in Science 27 July 93/2 The crystalline compound reported in this paper is designated as α-lipoic acid to indicate that it is the first member to be obtained of a series of chemically related substances which possess acetate-replacing and pyruvate oxidase factor activity.

1962 H. A. Krebs in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 351 Cofactors such as..pyridoxal phosphate, or lipoic acid may play a role in controlling reaction rates by virtue of being shared cofactors.

1968 R. F. Steiner Life Chem. vi. 100 The reduced form of lipoic acid contains two sulfhydryl groups..and can accept an acetyl group from active acetaldehyde.

1898 W. S. Lazarus-Barlow Man. Gen. Pathol. 507 The lipolytic ferment of the pancreas (steapsin).

1912 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 34 845 Preparations possessing lipolytic activity.

1955 H. J. Deuel Lipids II. ii. 15 No correlation between sex, age, or food intake and lipolytic activity of adipose tissue was observed in rats.

1972 Jrnl. Lipid Res. 13 325 (heading) Hydrolysis of fully esterified alcohols..by the lipolytic enzymes of rat pancreatic juice.

1903 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 3) 380/1 Lipolysis.

1907 Science 27 Sept. 413/1 Since the bile salts are known to increase lipolysis, the effects of the sodium salts of cholic, glycocholic and taurocholic acids in n/500 solutions were tested on lipolytic hemolysis.

1972 Jrnl. Lipid Res. 13 651 (heading) Effect of cell size on lipolysis and antilipolytic action of insulin in human fat cells.

1912 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 34 829 Lipolytically inactive substances.

1917 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 29 p. xxvi Experiments..resulted in the production of lipolytically active substances by the action of alkali on castor bean globulin, caesin, and gelatin.

1938 A. D. Whitehead tr. O. Jordan Technol. Solvents i. 12 The aliphatic..and aromatic..hydrocarbons..are electrically neutral or non-polar since they contain no hydrophile groups. They are therefore hydrophobic or lipophile.

1950 Chem. & Engin. News 26 June 2181 (advt.) The Atlas HLB System..is based on the hydrophile-lipophile balance of each emulsifier.

1965 Acta Endocrinol. XLIX. 538 Whether these findings can be attributed to the lipophile properties of the sulphatide facilitating its entrance into the cell cannot be decided.

1946 Arkiv för Kemi, Mineral. och Geol. XXII a. xviii. 29 The lipophilic end should contain an aromatic structure.

1954 B. Jirgensons & M. E. Straumanis Short Textbk. Colloid Chem. ii. 16 Substances which, like rubber, polystyrene or polyvinyl~chloride do not contain hydrophilic groups are insoluble in water. They are composed of lipophilic..groups such as CH₃,—CH₂—, and others, which have some affinity for the molecules of fats, fat solvents and other oils.

1971 Nature 21 May 186/2 Morphine has a highly lipophilic molecule.

1946 G. M. Sutheim Introd. Emulsions i. 4 Hydrophilic substances..are named oleophobic or lipophobic.

1961 E. O'F. Walsh Introd. Biochem. ii. 33 The polar end of the lecithin molecule, here represented as a Zwitterion, is hydrophilic and lipophobic.

1954 Chem. Abstr. 48 9453 Injection of a lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella abortivoequina increases the phagocytic activity of the granulocytes.

1958 Immunology 1 181 The stimulation of non-specific immunity by lipopolysaccharides could not be correlated with the serum properdin level at the time of challenge.

1970 W. J. Lennarz in S. J. Wakil Lipid Metabolism v. 164 Lipopolysaccharides, the complex heteropolysaccharides typical of Gram-negative enteric bacteria, are currently under extensive investigation.

1909 Chem. Abstr. 3 82 It is probable that in fatty degeneration there is a splitting off of fat from lipoproteins of this character.

1929 Jrnl. Immunol. 16 448 The constituents in fowl sera responsible for these non-specific precipitations are indicated to be lipo-proteins and neutral fats.

1955 H. J. Deuel Lipids II. v. 371 The lipoproteins are widely distributed in living matter, where they occur in cell nuclei, mitochondria, cell membranes, chloroplasts, in egg yolk, in milk, and in blood.

1971 L. W. Burley in A. R. Johnson & J. B. Davenport Biochem. Lipids iv. 86 ‘Proteolipids’..differ from lipoproteins in being soluble in certain organic solvents but insoluble in aqueous solutions.

1893 R. J. Dunglison Dunglison's Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 21) 637/2 Liposarcoma.

1916 E. H. Kettle Pathol. Tumours ii. 94 Liposarcomata..are undoubtedly rare.

1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xxx. 16/2 Liposarcomata are most common in old men.

1943 D. W. Woolley in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 147 581 It is proposed to call the new substance soybean lipositol, since it is a lipid which contains inositol.

1949 H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics II. xliv. 1386 The antibacterial activity of 50 units of streptomycin in 1 ml. was completely antagonized by as little as 0·2 μg. of lipositol.

1969 S. R. Williams Nutrition & Diet Therapy iii. 29/1 Other important phospholipids are cephalins and lipositols, which are like the lecithins except that they contain other factors in place of choline.

1960 Biochem. Jrnl. 77 347/1 There is a close correlation between the rates of the enzyme-catalysed oxidation of DPNH by the lipoyl derivatives used and the rates of reoxidation of the red intermediate..by the same lipoyl derivatives.

1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry xi. 215 The reaction is now complete except for the regeneration of the original disulfide bond in the lipoyl group.