lithographyn.

Brit.

/lᵻˈθɒɡrəfi/, U.S.

/ləˈθɑɡrəfi/

Etymology: < modern Latin lithographia or French (and German) lithographie: see litho- comb. form and -graphy comb. form.

†1. A description of stones or rocks. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [noun] > petrology or petrography

petrography1651

lithography1708

lithology1716

petrology1811

1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 161 Having some Years since Publish'd his Specimen Lithographiæ Helveticæ, and perhaps designing a Lithography, his Observations on Figur'd Fossils are not so numerous as we should other~wise have wish'd.

†2. The art of engraving on precious stones.

ΚΠ

1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Lithography, the Art of cutting or engraving in Stone; also a Description of Stones.

3. The art or process of making a drawing, design, or writing on a special kind of stone (called ‘lithographic stone’), so that impressions in ink can be taken from it. Also, a planographic printing process using metal or plastic plates with a sensitized coating on which the matter to be printed is fixed chemically, before the non-printing areas of the plates are damped and the remainder printed with greasy inks on flat-bed or cylinder presses. Cf. driography n., offset n. 10b, photolithography n.Lithography was invented in 1796 by Alois Senefelder of Munich (1771–1833). The term (in German form lithographie) was used c1804–5 by Senefelder's associates at Munich.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > lithography > [noun]

polyautography1803

lithography1813

lithotint1843

keystone1854

stone-engraving1891

litho1972

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > printing from metal or plastic plates > [noun]

papyrography1842

metallography1851

paniconography1859

paniconograph1875

lithography1906

driography1970

1813 H. Bankes Lithography 8 Mr. P. H. André introduced the art under the title of Polyautography... I have taken the liberty, however, to change this for Lithography.

1819 tr. Senefelder (title) A Complete Course of Lithography.

1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. xi. 59 A few years ago one of the Paris newspapers was reprinted at Brussels as soon as it arrived, by means of lithography.

1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. Pref. 10 Executed in tinted lithography.

1879 Printing Trades Jrnl. xxvi. 17 The process of lithography consists essentially in the application of a greasy ink on to a damp stone.

1906 Brit. Printer Dec. 296/2 The tendency of the day is undoubtedly towards..the utilization of lithography by typographers doing certain classes of work.

1932 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 9 Sept. T313/1 Lithography is based essentially on the adsorption of fatty acids by the metal.

1946 A. Kirk in H. Whetton Pract. Printing & Binding xvi. 190/1 Although the printing of daily newspapers is outside the present scope of lithography, the uninterrupted weekly production of The Australian, Melbourne, since 1929 may be instanced as but one outstanding achievement..in this direction.

1973 Brit. Printer July 68/3 The radically reduced cost of photosetting machines in recent years, their improved capability, and the continuing growth in the use of lithography have all been instrumental in increasing the demand for photosetting and allied equipment.

Draft additions March 2012

Manufacturing Technology and Electronics. In the manufacture of integrated circuits and semiconductor devices: a process for defining areas for subsequent etching or deposition, in which a surface layer of energy-sensitive material is selectively exposed (using e.g. X-ray or electron beam radiation) to form a resist layer with the required pattern.

ΚΠ

1966 Microelectronics & Reliability 5 337/1 Photolithography is used to etch windows for diffusion through a masking layer of silicon oxide.]

1969 Electronics Lett. 5 176/2 Photo or electron-beam lithography, utilising selective etches.

1979 National Westm. Bank Q. Rev. May 56 There has been much development of a process called electron beam lithography, but even now that appears to have been superseded by X-ray lithography.

1991 Sci. News 12 Jan. 27/2 An electric field drives or draws a metal such as nickel or chromium into the etched mold created by the lithography step.

2003 Maximum PC May 12/2 Lithography is part of the process that etches transistors, wires, insulating layers, and other circuit features on silicon chips.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lithography
释义	lithographyn. Brit. /lᵻˈθɒɡrəfi/, U.S. /ləˈθɑɡrəfi/ Etymology: < modern Latin lithographia or French (and German) lithographie: see litho- comb. form and -graphy comb. form. †1. A description of stones or rocks. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > [noun] > petrology or petrography petrography1651 lithography1708 lithology1716 petrology1811 1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 161 Having some Years since Publish'd his Specimen Lithographiæ Helveticæ, and perhaps designing a Lithography, his Observations on Figur'd Fossils are not so numerous as we should other~wise have wish'd. †2. The art of engraving on precious stones. ΚΠ 1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Lithography, the Art of cutting or engraving in Stone; also a Description of Stones. 3. The art or process of making a drawing, design, or writing on a special kind of stone (called ‘lithographic stone’), so that impressions in ink can be taken from it. Also, a planographic printing process using metal or plastic plates with a sensitized coating on which the matter to be printed is fixed chemically, before the non-printing areas of the plates are damped and the remainder printed with greasy inks on flat-bed or cylinder presses. Cf. driography n., offset n. 10b, photolithography n.Lithography was invented in 1796 by Alois Senefelder of Munich (1771–1833). The term (in German form lithographie) was used c1804–5 by Senefelder's associates at Munich. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > lithography > [noun] polyautography1803 lithography1813 lithotint1843 keystone1854 stone-engraving1891 litho1972 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > printing from metal or plastic plates > [noun] papyrography1842 metallography1851 paniconography1859 paniconograph1875 lithography1906 driography1970 1813 H. Bankes Lithography 8 Mr. P. H. André introduced the art under the title of Polyautography... I have taken the liberty, however, to change this for Lithography. 1819 tr. Senefelder (title) A Complete Course of Lithography. 1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. xi. 59 A few years ago one of the Paris newspapers was reprinted at Brussels as soon as it arrived, by means of lithography. 1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. Pref. 10 Executed in tinted lithography. 1879 Printing Trades Jrnl. xxvi. 17 The process of lithography consists essentially in the application of a greasy ink on to a damp stone. 1906 Brit. Printer Dec. 296/2 The tendency of the day is undoubtedly towards..the utilization of lithography by typographers doing certain classes of work. 1932 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 9 Sept. T313/1 Lithography is based essentially on the adsorption of fatty acids by the metal. 1946 A. Kirk in H. Whetton Pract. Printing & Binding xvi. 190/1 Although the printing of daily newspapers is outside the present scope of lithography, the uninterrupted weekly production of The Australian, Melbourne, since 1929 may be instanced as but one outstanding achievement..in this direction. 1973 Brit. Printer July 68/3 The radically reduced cost of photosetting machines in recent years, their improved capability, and the continuing growth in the use of lithography have all been instrumental in increasing the demand for photosetting and allied equipment. Draft additions March 2012 Manufacturing Technology and Electronics. In the manufacture of integrated circuits and semiconductor devices: a process for defining areas for subsequent etching or deposition, in which a surface layer of energy-sensitive material is selectively exposed (using e.g. X-ray or electron beam radiation) to form a resist layer with the required pattern. ΚΠ 1966 Microelectronics & Reliability 5 337/1 Photolithography is used to etch windows for diffusion through a masking layer of silicon oxide.] 1969 Electronics Lett. 5 176/2 Photo or electron-beam lithography, utilising selective etches. 1979 National Westm. Bank Q. Rev. May 56 There has been much development of a process called electron beam lithography, but even now that appears to have been superseded by X-ray lithography. 1991 Sci. News 12 Jan. 27/2 An electric field drives or draws a metal such as nickel or chromium into the etched mold created by the lithography step. 2003 Maximum PC May 12/2 Lithography is part of the process that etches transistors, wires, insulating layers, and other circuit features on silicon chips. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1708
随便看	ethyl acetate ethyl acetoacetate ethyl alcohol ethyl carbinol ethyl chloride ethyl ether ethyl fluid ethyl formate ethyl group ethyl hydrazine ethyl iodide ethyl iodoacetate ethyl nitrate ethyl nitrite ethyl radical ethyl tetrazone ethyl-amyl-acetate ethylamine ethylamines ethylamylacetate ethylaniline ethylate ethylated ethylates ethylating