lithargen.

Brit.

/ˈlɪθɑːdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈlɪˌθɑrdʒ/,

/lɪˈθɑrdʒ/

Forms: α. Middle English–1500s litarge, Middle English–1500s lytarge, 1500s lethargy, lytherge, 1500s–1600s litargy, littarge, 1600s lithargie, lithargy, lytharge, ( littorage, lytoridge, lyturgy), 1700s litargie, letharge, litherage, ( liturge), Middle English– litharge. βMiddle English litargirij, 1500s lithargirye, lythurgyry, 1600s lithargiry.

Etymology: < Old French litarge, litargire (French litharge), < Latin lithargyrus, < Greek λιθάργυρος, < λίθος stone + ἄργυρος silver. The β forms are from the modern Latin derivative litargirium, -ia.

a. Protoxide of lead (PbO) prepared by exposing melted lead to a current of air. †Also litharge of lead.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > general formula AO > litharge

litharge1322

litharge of goldc1400

litharge of silverc1400

spumec1400

foam of lead1538

silver-foam1565

plumbago1617

silver-glet1668

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > other metallic materials > [noun] > litharge

litharge1322

litharge of goldc1400

litharge of silverc1400

spumec1400

spume of argenta1533

foam of lead1538

silver-foam1565

plumbago1617

silver-glet1668

1322 in Wardr. Acc. Edw. II 23/20 Litarge 4d. per lb.

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 222 Oure grounden litarge eek in the P[o]rfurie.

1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy iii, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 41 Then we name it our grounde Litharge.

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 48^v Take Litarge of leide in fyne pouder.

1674 J. Ray Smelting Silver in Coll. Eng. Words 114 When the furnace is come to a true temper of heat the Lead converted into Litharge is cast off.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 325 Lead being..burnt into Litargie, retakes also its first Form..if a Lixiviate Salt be..applied to it.

1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 389 Pure Lead, being exposed to a strong fire without any additament, turns to Litharge.

1860 G. W. S. Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 155 Put a few grains of litharge before the blowpipe flame.

†b. litharge of gold: a name given to litharge when coloured red by mixture of red lead. litharge of silver: a name given to it as being a by-product in the separation of silver from lead. litharge of bismuth: ? a similar product obtained by the oxidation of bismuth. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > general formula AO > litharge

litharge1322

litharge of goldc1400

litharge of silverc1400

spumec1400

foam of lead1538

silver-foam1565

plumbago1617

silver-glet1668

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > other metallic materials > [noun] > litharge

litharge1322

litharge of goldc1400

litharge of silverc1400

spumec1400

spume of argenta1533

foam of lead1538

silver-foam1565

plumbago1617

silver-glet1668

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > lead > [noun] > compounds > others

litharge of goldc1400

red leadc1450

tetraethyl lead1923

plumbane1950

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 99 Take..litarge of gold, litarge of siluir g. viii.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. lxxxvii. 771 To be pound with the lytarge of sylver and frankencense.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 269 The iuice mixed with oile of roses, ceruse, and littarge of golde, and applied [etc.].

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 304 The very root of the right Nard..is mingled..with Litharge of siluer, Antimony, or the rind of Cyperus.

1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. ix. 208 Take lyturgy of Gold, and lyturgy of Silver.. Mixe well the lyturgys.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. xii. 213 Lethargyrus Auri, Letharge of Gold. It generally is call'd thus for its Colour sake.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Artificial Litharge is of two Kinds, viz. that of Gold, and that of Silver; or rather 'tis the same, with this difference, that the one having undergone a greater Degree of Fire than the other has occasioned different Colours, and thence different Names.

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 489 Litharge of Bismuth.

†2. Used as equivalent to white lead or red lead (see lead n.¹ 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint

white leadlOE

whitea1300

blank plumbc1325

cerusec1405

white earth1448

Spanish white1546

litharge1551

mineral white1651

flake-white1660

Vienna white1816

permanent white1822

zinc white1847

constant white1854

Krems1854

Cremnitz1874

silver-white1875

lithoponea1884

baryta white1885

Charlton white1885

titanium white1920

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > red lead

red leadc1450

minium1601

minion1621

litharge1683

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. M j The iuice of Coriandre with whyte lede or lythurgyry and vinegre.

1660 J. Howell Lex. Tetraglotton Dict. Litargie, or white Lead.

1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 26 Of these pibble-stones take one part, and half a part of red Littorage or Littarge..and hete it well.

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 368 Litharge or Red Lead.

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 64 If you expose to heat in a crucible red oxide of lead or litharge.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

litharge-furnace n.

ΚΠ

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 26 We canvassed the..necessity of erecting a litharge furnace.

C2.

litharge-plaster n. = diachylon n.

ΚΠ

1789 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children (rev. ed.) II. 201 Small pieces of the lytharge-plaister may be applied.

1889 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Litharge plaster, the Emplastrum plumbi.

litharge-way n. the opening in a reverberatory furnace through which the litharge flows in the fining of silver.

ΚΠ

1797 Encycl. Brit. XI. 464/2 This blast..throws the litharge that is not imbibed by the test towards a channel, called the litharge-way, through which it flows.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	litharge
释义	lithargen. Brit. /ˈlɪθɑːdʒ/, U.S. /ˈlɪˌθɑrdʒ/, /lɪˈθɑrdʒ/ Forms: α. Middle English–1500s litarge, Middle English–1500s lytarge, 1500s lethargy, lytherge, 1500s–1600s litargy, littarge, 1600s lithargie, lithargy, lytharge, ( littorage, lytoridge, lyturgy), 1700s litargie, letharge, litherage, ( liturge), Middle English– litharge. βMiddle English litargirij, 1500s lithargirye, lythurgyry, 1600s lithargiry. Etymology: < Old French litarge, litargire (French litharge), < Latin lithargyrus, < Greek λιθάργυρος, < λίθος stone + ἄργυρος silver. The β forms are from the modern Latin derivative litargirium, -ia. 1. a. Protoxide of lead (PbO) prepared by exposing melted lead to a current of air. †Also litharge of lead. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > general formula AO > litharge litharge1322 litharge of goldc1400 litharge of silverc1400 spumec1400 foam of lead1538 silver-foam1565 plumbago1617 silver-glet1668 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > other metallic materials > [noun] > litharge litharge1322 litharge of goldc1400 litharge of silverc1400 spumec1400 spume of argenta1533 foam of lead1538 silver-foam1565 plumbago1617 silver-glet1668 1322 in Wardr. Acc. Edw. II 23/20 Litarge 4d. per lb. c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 222 Oure grounden litarge eek in the P[o]rfurie. 1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy iii, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 41 Then we name it our grounde Litharge. 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 48^v Take Litarge of leide in fyne pouder. 1674 J. Ray Smelting Silver in Coll. Eng. Words 114 When the furnace is come to a true temper of heat the Lead converted into Litharge is cast off. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 325 Lead being..burnt into Litargie, retakes also its first Form..if a Lixiviate Salt be..applied to it. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 389 Pure Lead, being exposed to a strong fire without any additament, turns to Litharge. 1860 G. W. S. Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 155 Put a few grains of litharge before the blowpipe flame. †b. litharge of gold: a name given to litharge when coloured red by mixture of red lead. litharge of silver: a name given to it as being a by-product in the separation of silver from lead. litharge of bismuth: ? a similar product obtained by the oxidation of bismuth. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > general formula AO > litharge litharge1322 litharge of goldc1400 litharge of silverc1400 spumec1400 foam of lead1538 silver-foam1565 plumbago1617 silver-glet1668 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > other metallic materials > [noun] > litharge litharge1322 litharge of goldc1400 litharge of silverc1400 spumec1400 spume of argenta1533 foam of lead1538 silver-foam1565 plumbago1617 silver-glet1668 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > lead > [noun] > compounds > others litharge of goldc1400 red leadc1450 tetraethyl lead1923 plumbane1950 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 99 Take..litarge of gold, litarge of siluir g. viii. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball vi. lxxxvii. 771 To be pound with the lytarge of sylver and frankencense. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 269 The iuice mixed with oile of roses, ceruse, and littarge of golde, and applied [etc.]. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 304 The very root of the right Nard..is mingled..with Litharge of siluer, Antimony, or the rind of Cyperus. 1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman ii. ix. 208 Take lyturgy of Gold, and lyturgy of Silver.. Mixe well the lyturgys. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. xii. 213 Lethargyrus Auri, Letharge of Gold. It generally is call'd thus for its Colour sake. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Artificial Litharge is of two Kinds, viz. that of Gold, and that of Silver; or rather 'tis the same, with this difference, that the one having undergone a greater Degree of Fire than the other has occasioned different Colours, and thence different Names. 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 489 Litharge of Bismuth. †2. Used as equivalent to white lead or red lead (see lead n.¹ 2). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint white leadlOE whitea1300 blank plumbc1325 cerusec1405 white earth1448 Spanish white1546 litharge1551 mineral white1651 flake-white1660 Vienna white1816 permanent white1822 zinc white1847 constant white1854 Krems1854 Cremnitz1874 silver-white1875 lithoponea1884 baryta white1885 Charlton white1885 titanium white1920 the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > red lead red leadc1450 minium1601 minion1621 litharge1683 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. M j The iuice of Coriandre with whyte lede or lythurgyry and vinegre. 1660 J. Howell Lex. Tetraglotton Dict. Litargie, or white Lead. 1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 26 Of these pibble-stones take one part, and half a part of red Littorage or Littarge..and hete it well. 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 368 Litharge or Red Lead. 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 64 If you expose to heat in a crucible red oxide of lead or litharge. Compounds C1. General attributive. litharge-furnace n. ΚΠ 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 26 We canvassed the..necessity of erecting a litharge furnace. C2. litharge-plaster n. = diachylon n. ΚΠ 1789 M. Underwood Treat. Dis. Children (rev. ed.) II. 201 Small pieces of the lytharge-plaister may be applied. 1889 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Litharge plaster, the Emplastrum plumbi. litharge-way n. the opening in a reverberatory furnace through which the litharge flows in the fining of silver. ΚΠ 1797 Encycl. Brit. XI. 464/2 This blast..throws the litharge that is not imbibed by the test towards a channel, called the litharge-way, through which it flows. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1322
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